EP0910843B1 - Ameliorations apportees a un systeme de surveillance et de signalisation a distance et le concernant - Google Patents

Ameliorations apportees a un systeme de surveillance et de signalisation a distance et le concernant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0910843B1
EP0910843B1 EP97930678A EP97930678A EP0910843B1 EP 0910843 B1 EP0910843 B1 EP 0910843B1 EP 97930678 A EP97930678 A EP 97930678A EP 97930678 A EP97930678 A EP 97930678A EP 0910843 B1 EP0910843 B1 EP 0910843B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
processing means
local processing
luminaire
remote unit
light source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP97930678A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0910843A1 (fr
Inventor
Raymond Mew
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TECHNICAL SUPPORT & SUPPLIES LTD
Original Assignee
Mew Jeanette
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9614736.8A external-priority patent/GB9614736D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9625011.3A external-priority patent/GB9625011D0/en
Application filed by Mew Jeanette filed Critical Mew Jeanette
Publication of EP0910843A1 publication Critical patent/EP0910843A1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/06—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using power transmission lines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C25/00—Arrangements for preventing or correcting errors; Monitoring arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/185—Controlling the light source by remote control via power line carrier transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
    • H05B47/21—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in parallel
    • H05B47/22—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in parallel with communication between the lamps and a central unit

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in and relating to remote monitoring and signalling of street furniture.
  • GB 2 291 993 discloses a method and apparatus of monitoring and controlling the function of electrical apparatus (in particular but not exclusively street furniture). This application adds to and improves the teachings of GB 2 291 993.
  • WO 92/16086 discloses a system for remotely monitoring a plurality of street lamps using the mains wiring supplying these lights.
  • a street furniture luminaire as defined in claim 1.
  • the local processing means has at least one of the following features a) to j):-
  • the local processing means has at least 2, at least 3, or at least 4, or at least 5 of the features a) to j).
  • the local processing means may have all of the features a) to j).
  • the local processing means may also have the feature h) that the local processing means is adapted to communicate digital or analogue data up to a resolution of 10 bit with an accuracy of better than + or - 1% by way of conversion of a typical analogue to digital result into single ASCII characters prior to transmission, digital interpretation taking place in the local processing means and being readable in plain English directly from the point of acquisition with no further requirement for de-coding or translation, the local processing means being adapted to be ported directly into proprietary software packaging.
  • street furniture such as street lamps are operated via a connection to power supply cables that feed power to a lamp post.
  • a lamp post provides support for a light unit, or luminaire, which includes a light source. The power from the cable turns the lamp on or off.
  • the electrical apparatus may be a light source, adapted in use to provide light.
  • the housing unit may be a luminaire (light unit).
  • the light unit may perform self monitoring functions and can eliminate the need for a team of workmen to monitor street lamps.
  • the monitoring unit may be moved safely out of the way of vandals.
  • the provision of a self contained unit is also advantageous in that cost can be reduced when compared to a separate light unit and monitoring or control unit.
  • the local processing means receives signals from the monitoring means and sends out separate signals to the remote unit. It can therefore process the monitoring means' signals itself and does not need to transmit all of the raw, original data over substantial distances. Thus the monitoring means' signals should be less corrupted and less noisy when they are processed.
  • the local processing means may send its signals to the remote unit only at certain times, for example when the remote unit is not being addressed by any other local processing means, or at regular intervals, for example every hour or once a day.
  • the local processing means may poll the remote unit periodically and transmit its processed data signals only when it receives back a down loading signal (or vice versa, the remote unit may poll the housing unit). There is therefore no need to have continuous polling of the local processing means because it can process signals and store relevant data, for example statistical data, locally.
  • the local processing means may be arranged so that it monitors signals from the monitoring means continuously or at predetermined times.
  • the remote unit may receive signals from the local processing means continuously or at predetermined times.
  • the local processing means (or remote unit) may only store data on signals if predetermined criteria are met.
  • the local processing means may filter out a lot of data and not transmit information relating to all monitoring means signals to the remote unit. For example, in lamp posts most lamp failures occur in the first 30 minutes following start up of the lamp.
  • the local processing means (or the remote unit) may record data indicative of the performance of a lamp post unit for only a predetermined time (e.g. 30 minutes) following start up of the lamp.
  • the local processing means may monitor monitoring means signals, but not record data on them (for onward transmission to the remote processor) unless they fall outside (or within) a predetermined range or value.
  • the remote processor may receive signals but not record them if they are outside (or within) a predetermined range or value.
  • a lamp post has a normal operating state.
  • the monitoring means could be set up to ignore signals that are at the normal level, or within an allowable deviation of "normal". If the monitoring means was looking at the voltage across a particular resistor in the lamp post it might ignore signals that are within the range of, say, 5V ⁇ 0.5V (a 20% band of tolerance). If signals fall outside of an allowable range the local processing means records information relating to them and in due course sends signals to the remote unit. Instead of waiting for its normal polling time the local processing means may be set up to poll the remote unit as soon as an unacceptable signal has been received, or when it determines that the out-of-range sensor signal is not an error.
  • the local processing means preferably processes a plurality of monitoring means signals that it receives and dependant upon these monitoring means' signals the local processing means preferably passes on appropriate signals to the remote unit.
  • the processing means processes a plurality of different physical parameters. For example it may receive and process: a) signals indication of voltage at one point; or b) voltage at a second point; or c) current at a point; or d) temperature; or e) stress or any other parameter; or f) any combination of a) to f).
  • the remote unit may be interrogated by a user, preferably remotely interrogated.
  • the local processing means may receive signals from the remote unit via the mains power supply cables.
  • the local processing means may operate a control unit to operate the light source (when the electrical apparatus is a light source) between an on and an off state. This may be in response to signals transmitted down the mains power supply cables.
  • the local processing means may also be adapted to transmit signals back down the mains power supply cable to the remote unit. This has the advantage that it allows the local processing means to monitor the operation of the light source and send signals back to the remote unit to indicate a fault. It has the further advantage that the remote unit can send signals to the local processing means, and perhaps control the operation of the light source.
  • control/monitoring/signal processing unit has been provided in a form suitable for incorporating into the base of a street lamp, other lamp support or other electrical apparatus.
  • This unit is then retro fitted to a standard electrical apparatus, perhaps a street lamp.
  • Such systems are well suited to retro-fit applications in which the standard control unit (perhaps at the base of a street lamp post) is replaced with the new control/monitoring signal processing unit.
  • the light source may comprise an incandescent source, fluorescent lamp, SOX, SON, MN, or other light source.
  • the present invention has the light source and the local processing means (and monitoring items) all in the single unit that is the luminaire.
  • the local processing means may transmit one or more signals representative of the parameter signal of the remote unit. This has the advantage of alerting the remote unit to the various physical parameters being monitored.
  • the housing houses the control unit. This has the same advantages as having the other components in the housing; easier to install, remove from the reach of vandals, etc.
  • the local processing means may be adapted to receive signals via the mains power supply that provides power to the light source, and in response to the signals operate the light source. This may make the light source easy to control and monitor.
  • the housing unit may also include a visual indicating means.
  • the indicating means may be adapted to produce a visual output signal representative of a physical parameter of the light source (or other electrical apparatus).
  • the visual indicating means may comprise an LED which is illuminated when the lamp should be on. This has the advantage that it makes it easier to see if there is a fault; if the LED is on but the light source is not then there is a fault, whereas if the lamp is merely not on, it is not apparent whether there is a fault.
  • the visual indicating means may also be adapted to indicate when the remote unit is communicating with the local processing means (or vice versa). This is advantageous when trying to find faults in the system: it is immediately apparent if there is a breakdown in communications - the visual indicating means will not indicate communication taking place.
  • the monitoring means may be adapted to monitor the mains voltage at the light source before and/or after the light source is lit.
  • the monitoring means may also be adapted to monitor the voltage at the light source before and after a fuse provided to protect the light source.
  • the monitoring means may also be adapted to monitor the current flowing through the light source.
  • the monitoring means may comprise a plurality of sensors, each sensor being adapted to sense a different parameter of the light source.
  • the sensors may include a current sensor and a voltage sensor adapted to measure the current passing through and the voltage supplied to the lamp (or other electrical apparatus). Providing sensors/monitoring means to detect the above mentioned parameters is advantageous in that it possible to ascertain the correct functions of the light source (or other electrical apparatus).
  • the monitoring means adapted to monitor current can measure load currents in the range 8w to 1.2kw. This may be user configurable.
  • the light unit has an operating voltage of between 80 and 260 volts A.C.
  • the light unit is provided with input surge protection to B.S.I class B (6kv 1.2 x 50 ⁇ s).
  • the frequency of the A.C. supply to the light unit can be in the range 45-65Hz. Most preferably the frequency of the A.C. supply is approximately 50Hz.
  • Providing a light unit which can operate under these conditions is advantageous because it allows the unit to be used in typical conditions encountered in the market place.
  • the unit may be also able to be used in a number of countries/areas if such a range of inputs is allowed.
  • the local processing means or the remote unit may be able to monitor the time the light source is on: that is emitting light. This is advantageous as it allows a company/body operating the light unit to ascertain whether the light sources are meeting the specified number of hours before failure.
  • the local processing means and the remote unit may be adapted, in use, to communicate in half duplex. This may ensure robust communication of data.
  • the user configurability is advantageous as it provides a flexible device which can meet a variety of customer requirements.
  • the remote unit and the local processing means may be adapted, in use, to modulate the signal present on the mains power supply cables at a carrier frequency of approximately 135kHz. This frequency may be a frequency which is relatively immune from noise.
  • the remote unit and the local processing means may incorporate phase locked loops (PLL) ensuring that the system can "lock on” to the carrier frequency.
  • PLL phase locked loops
  • the remote unit may be provided with a memory means.
  • the memory means may record signals sent to the remote unit from the local processing means. This has the advantage that a history of operation of the light unit (or other electrical equipment when the invention is applied to something other than a light unit) may be built up which can be reviewed to inspect how the light unit is functioning.
  • the memory means may be approximately 8 kilobytes. Alternatively in an improved version the memory means may be approximately 16 kilobytes. These sizes may provide convenient memory means, large enough to store a reasonable amount of data.
  • the local processing means is a microcontroller.
  • the microcontroller is provided encased in a matrix, such as a resin block.
  • a matrix such as a resin block.
  • microcontrollers at least in high volume, cost conscious, products have not been encapsulated in resin.
  • microcontrollers they can be disposable.
  • another way of looking at this aspect of the invention is as a one-shot disposable monitor assembly that incorporates a microcontroller and associated electronic circuitry encased in a matrix, adapted to monitor and process signals from an electrical apparatus.
  • Each device (or group of devices) therefore needs to indicate its own identity. Conventionally this is done by having a slightly differently encoded microchip for each local monitoring device.
  • the local monitoring unit associated with each lamp post codes its signals so that the remote can identify it, and knows to which lamp post the signals relate. This is all very well until the microchip in a local monitor fails.
  • the engineer In order to replace the microchips the engineer must contact the manufacturers of the microchips, give them the identity code of the broken microchip and ask them to encode, on a one-off basis, another microchip with the same identify code (so that the remote processor will still associate the signals with the correct lamp post). The engineer must then wait for the replacement part to arrive and then go out and fit it. Thus the engineer usually makes two trips to the lamp post (one to determine that it is the chip that is at fault and a second to fit the replacement chip) and typically has to wait three weeks or so for the replacement chip to arrive.
  • the local processing means is provided with an identity code unit, the arrangement being such that the identity code unit can be removed from the local processing means and can be re-used with a new local processing means.
  • the code unit may be considered to be a coding key.
  • the identity code unit comprises a plurality of coupling members adapted to co-operate with a plurality of complementary coupling members provided on the local processing means, the arrangement being such that when the code unit is mounted on the local processing means electrical connection is made between certain complementary coupling members, dependant upon the configuration of the code unit.
  • any suitable interaction may be used (e.g., optical coding).
  • the local processing means must simply produce a code signal dependant upon the code unit.
  • the code unit has a plurality of wires linking parts of its coupling members. If that is all the electrical content of the code unit there is very little to go wrong with it, which means the engineer will hardly ever have to replace a broken code unit.
  • the user in use, makes, or more preferably breaks, one or more connections between pairs of coupling members of the code unit.
  • the proto-code unit may be provided with 8 wires linking 8 pairs of coupling members.
  • the engineer may have a broken code unit which he knows (from his own records) originally had linking wires nos. 1,6, and 7 broken, and linking wires nos. 2,3,4,5, and 8 intact. He therefore takes the proto-code unit and codes it to the same code as the original code unit by breaking wires 1,6, and 7 with an appropriate tool such as a small screwdriver. Alternatively manually operable switches may be provided to make or brake the connections.
  • the remote unit may be adapted to receive signals from a plurality of said local processing means.
  • the mounting means may be associated with a post (perhaps a lamp post) or other similar structure.
  • the connection means may allow a user to attach the housing unit to a mounting relatively easily.
  • An electrical coupling means may allow the user to simply attach a housing unit to a mounting, connect a power supply, and so provide a piece of electrical apparatus capable of being monitored/controlled via its mains power supply wiring.
  • the method comprises having the local processing means - remote sensor interface doing one or more of the following:
  • the method comprises doing 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or more, or all of a) to n).
  • Providing a stand alone housing which contains the electrical apparatus has the advantage that it provides a safe and secure way of housing the electrical apparatus, the monitoring means and the local processing means.
  • the method is a way of monitoring, remotely, street lamps.
  • Providing a luminaire which is connectable to mounting means may provide a cheap efficient way of connecting electrical apparatus (e.g. street lamps) which have the ability to be monitored.
  • electrical apparatus e.g. street lamps
  • the method may further comprise providing a housing unit which simply needs to be connected to mains power supply cables in order to provide a working electrical apparatus (e.g. a street lamp) with the ability to be remotely monitored.
  • a working electrical apparatus e.g. a street lamp
  • a method provide a cheap efficient way of providing an electrical apparatus (e.g. a street lamp) which can be remotely monitored, it positions the expensive monitoring, and local processing means out of the reach of vandals. (These are positioned in the housing means which may be 10m above street level).
  • the method may allow a number of electrical apparatus to be monitored by a single remote unit. This has the advantage that it is much more efficient than providing a single remote unit for each piece of electrical apparatus being monitored.
  • the method may comprise modifying the signal present on the mains power supply cables to allow the local processing means to communicate with the remote unit. This may provide a simple way to provide communication.
  • the local processing means of a first piece of electrical apparatus may monitor the signal on the mains power supply cable to ensure the local processing means on a different (second) piece of electrical apparatus monitored by the same remote unit as the first piece of electrical apparatus is not communicating with the remote unit (or the remote unit is not communicating with the second piece of electrical apparatus) when the local processing means of the first piece of electrical apparatus communicates with the remote unit. This may ensure that signals are not lost due to two local processing means attempting to communicate with the remote unit.
  • the method may further comprise providing control means in the electrical apparatus, which can be controlled by signals from the remote unit. This has the advantage that the electrical apparatus can be controlled by, as well as monitored by, the remote unit.
  • the remote unit may issue commands to the local processing means. These may control the local processing means and/or the control means and so operate the electrical apparatus. This may allow a single command to affect a number of electrical apparatus.
  • the remote unit may issue commands which effect only specific local processing means and/or control means.
  • An advantage of this is that single pieces of electrical apparatus may be controlled.
  • the method may comprise issuing commands from the remote unit which activate the electrical apparatus in communication with the remote unit in sequence. For instance a row of street lamps may be turned on one after another until they are all on. An advantage of this is that input surge currents are reduced which may lead to an increased life of the electrical apparatus.
  • remote unit may issue commands to turn off (or reduce the current to) electrical apparatus (for example street lamps) at specific times.
  • electrical apparatus for example street lamps
  • the method may comprise sending each communication between the remote unit and the local processing means/control means (or vice versa) a number of times (preferably a plurality of times, perhaps three times). This may allow the receiving device to reconstruct a noise damaged communication from the received signals. (It is unlikely that a communication will be effected the same way by noise each time it is transmitted, and therefore different parts of the signal may be damaged. By comparing the different communications it should be possible to determine which part of the communication was damaged and maybe also to repair the damage).
  • the remote unit may sound an alarm when an error message is received from a local processing means. This has the advantage of alerting a user of the system that something is amiss.
  • Noise rejection is a problem when signals are transmitted from local processors to the remote unit. Transmitting information only periodically, instead of continuously reduces the likelihood of interference between signals from different local processors. Similarly, transmitting only when the remote unit indicates that there is no other signal traffic reduces noise.
  • a carrier signal from a local processor to a remote unit in the kHz range, preferably at least 50kHz.
  • the light unit may provide the facility to adjust the carrier frequency.
  • the mains carrier frequency is adjustable from 90-145kHz in accordance with regulatory requirements.
  • the system is adapted, in use, to control the operation of the electrical apparatus of the items of street furniture.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a preferred embodiment of a monitoring system for light units.
  • the system comprises a master control unit 2 which is connected to one or more remote units 3.
  • Each remote unit controls the operation of one or more street lamps 4,5,6.
  • Each street lamp comprises a lamp post 7,8,9 and a housing means 10,11,12 (commonly referred to as a luminaire).
  • the street lamps 4,5,6 are supplied with electricity by mains power supply cables 1.
  • the housing means 10,11,12 is shown in more detail in Figure 7.
  • the housing means comprises a light source 13 and associated starter circuit 14, a monitoring means 15 and control means 16.
  • a local processing means 17 is also provided.
  • the housing means 10,11,12 contains all the necessary apparatus for running the light source contained within.
  • the monitoring means 15 comprises a plurality of sensors.
  • Figure 8 shows an overall view of a typical housing means 10.
  • the remote unit 3 sends out a power-up signal to the local processing means 17 over the mains power supply line 1. This signal is received by the local processing means 17 within the housing means. The local processing means then switches on and waits for a set period, perhaps three minutes after it switches on before sending a signal back to the remote unit 3 to record its operation or status.
  • the remote unit 3 will receive a series of status signals. Only those signals indicating a fault condition are stored in a memory provided in the remote unit (not shown) i.e. the fault/error signals are logged. The time at which the fault signals were received, and which street lamp issued the fault signal are also recorded.
  • the local processing means 17 at the street lamp awaits further instruction. At this point the street lamps 4,5,6 are not yet on.
  • the remote unit 3 may contain a photocell which measures when the street lamps 4,5,6 need to be turned on, or alternatively, a control signal issued by the main controller 5 can be used to decide when the street lamps 4,5,6 are to be turned on. In either case, when the lamps are required to be turned on, the remote unit 3 issues a light source 13 "on" signal to the local processing means at each street lamp 4,5,6. This is done in sequence to avoid a large spike being generated. The local processing means 17 and the control means 16 at each street lamp 4,5,6 will then switch the lamp on. A predetermined period is allowed to elapse, say 10 minutes, in order to allow the light source 13 to warm up to its correct operating temperature.
  • the processing means 17 at each street lamp 4,5,6 then sends further signals back over the mains power supply cables 1.
  • the signals are obtained by processing parameter signals generated by the monitoring means 15.
  • the monitoring means 15 are adapted to measure the actual physical status of the lamp.
  • the monitoring means 15 may include sensors for measuring lamp current, and lamp voltage.
  • the local processing means 17 sends a signal back to the remote unit 3 in the event that one of the parameters changes. This may indicate that a fault has occurred in the street lamp 4,5,6.
  • the housing means may also incorporate means (perhaps the control means) for controlling the light output. This may then switch the light source 13 between full output and a dimmer output in response to a signal sent from the remote unit 3 to the local processing means 17.
  • dimming may be such that the output current is reduced by 50% which results in a 35% saving in power. This results in a significant saving when a large number of street lamps 4,5,6 are provided. We may for example want to turn lights to their dim setting after a watershed time at night (e.g. 1.00am).
  • each street lamp 4,5,6, is individually controlled by the remote unit 3, it is possible to selectively dim one or more of a set of street lamps 4,5,6 provided at each remote unit 3, or even selectively turn some off.
  • the light control system unit described above is advantageous in that it is event driven. A signal is only sent back to the remote unit 3 and logged if it is an error signal.
  • One particular case of interest is when a street lamp 4,5,6 continually switches between an ON and an on OFF state. This may occur if there is a fault in the street lamp 4,5,6.
  • the local processing means in the housing means may monitor the fault signal, and if more than a given number of fault signals occur within a predetermined period of time, the local processing means 17 may send an error signal to the remote unit 3 and shut down the particular, faulty, street lamp 4,5,6 until it is repaired.
  • the local processing means 17 may send a signal to the remote unit 3 indicating when a light source 13 actually turns on and when it actually turns off. The amount of time that a light source 13 is on is then recorded, and a cumulative total can be built up which is representative of the "burn time" of the light source 13. This is only possible by using the monitoring means which measures the actual amount of time a light source 13 is on, as distinct from the amount of time a light source 13 is instructed to be on. Obviously, the control means 16 in the housing means may have switched a light source 13 on, but if the light source 13 is not monitored to check that it is operating, a correct check of light source 13 "burn time" cannot be made.
  • street lamp 4,5,6 providers can then ask for a refund or may complain if a light source 13 does not burn for the correct number of hours before failure, for example if lamps are warranted to last for 5,000 hours yet they only last 4,000 hours.
  • an override can be provided for individual lamps 4,5,6.
  • street lamps 4,5,6 at major junctions and roundabouts must be fully illuminated at all times.
  • a remote unit 3 may switch some street lamps 4,5,6 to dim (or to turn off) yet retain some at full power.
  • the housing means may also include a visual indicating means in the form of a set of LED's 18,19,20.
  • the LED's 18,19,20 are illuminated in response to the output signals from the local processing means 17 provided with the housing means, or may be operated by sensors remote from the housing means.
  • a first LED 18 shows that the light source contactors are switched ON, the second LED 19 shows that the light source is dimmed, and the third LED 20 shows that the light source is fully on.
  • the LED's 18,19,20 can be used by maintenance staff to determine if the street lamp 4,5,6 is operating correctly.
  • the remote unit 3 may send a test signal to the local processing means 17, and the local processing means 17 may also be adapted to send a status check signal back to the remote unit 3 in response to this test signal. In this way, the integrity of the system can be checked.
  • the ability to measure the actual status of the street lamp 4,5,6 in real time provides several additional operational advantages. Because the remote unit 3 can record the time in which signals are received and logged, the efficiency of repair work can be checked. In one example, where three street lamps 4,5,6 in a row on a motorway are all at fault, repairs must be carried out within two hours of the fault occurring. This is known as a category one fault as it represents a severe hazard. After the repair has been carried out, the local processing means 17 at the street lamp 4,5,6 will send a signal back to the remote unit 3 indicating that the street lamp 4,5,6 is now functioning, and the time that this signal is received can be logged. Thus it is possible to check that repair work is carried out in the correct time. For example, with street lighting, the replacement of lights and general repair work is usually contracted out by the provider of the street lamps and so this system allows the street lamp provider to penalise the contractors if standards are not met.
  • the housing means is self contained and incorporates its own monitoring means 15.
  • This monitoring means 15 senses a parameter such as the current or voltage at the light and may sense when a fault occurs.
  • This system brings with it cost savings over providing a separate housing and processing/control unit such as has been provided in the past. Also, it offers the beneficial feature of being easy to install and more secure from vandalism than prior art systems.
  • a housing unit, or luminaire which can be used to provide relatively easily an item of street furniture (which can be monitored).
  • the user is provided with a unit which simply needs to be connected to a power supply, and mounted in an appropriate manner, to provide a working item of street furniture.
  • the user may be provided with a luminaire which simply needs connecting to a lamp post and an electricity supply connected.
  • the monitoring means 15, the control means 16 and the local processing means 17 may be provided in a single module 21 which can be seen in Figure 3.
  • Each module 21 comprises a microcontroller 30, an associated conversion circuit 31, and an identifying circuit 32 embedded in the epoxy resin block 33.
  • a variety of input sensors S1, S2, S3 monitor suitable physical characteristics in the electronic circuit of the lamp post, for example S1 might monitor the voltage of a certain point, S2 might monitor the current at a certain point and S3 might monitor the voltage at another point, and so on.
  • the sensors S1, S2 and S3 measure signals S1, S2 and S3 respectively.
  • the microcontroller 30 is a commercially available microcontroller which is designed for a specific purpose - which is probably other than monitoring a lamp post. However, by an appropriate choice of conversion circuit 31 we can enable the microcontroller 30 to take the input signals S1, S2, S3 and monitor them, instead of those signals which it was originally designed to monitor.
  • Microcontroller 30 emits its own report signals back down the power supply line, to the remote unit 3.
  • the microcontroller has a memory (not shown) and is programmed by the remote unit 3 to report in a desired way.
  • the remote unit 3 programs the microcontroller so that it records in its memory the performance, at 5 second intervals, of signals S1 to S3 for the first 30 minutes of the operation of the lamp post and then stops recording them (because we believe that most lamp failures occur during the first 30 minutes following start up of a lamp).
  • the microcontroller then polls the remote unit 3 to ask for permission to down load its memory to the remote unit 3. If the remote unit 3 sees that there is no other signal traffic then the microcontroller 30 sends out a carrier signal at, say, 135kHz (schematically shown in Figure 2) and dumps its acquired date to the remote unit 3.
  • the microcontroller 30 identifies itself by including in the transmitted data an identifying code.
  • the identifying code is generated by the identifying circuit 32, and relies upon the configuration of a code key 34.
  • the code key 34 is removable from the resin block 33 and has 16 pins (8 sets of pairs) which are received in complementary holes 36 provided in the resin block.
  • the key 34 is also shown in more detail in Figure 4, and has 8 slots 37 in its back to enable a thin tool to be inserted into the slots 37. Behind the slots 37 are, in its original, unencoded state, respective wires 38 linking pairs of pins 35.
  • the key 34 is encoded by breaking, or not breaking, particular wires by pushing the tool through the slots 37. In Figure 4 starting from the top, wires 4,5, and 6 have been broken, leaving wires 1,2,3,5, and 8 intact which provides the key 34 with a binary code (in this example 8 bit).
  • Each local processing means has its own, individual, and unique, coded key. It will be appreciated with an 8 bit key code we can handle 255 units on a single conductor. This could easily be upgraded to 1000 units or more simply by adding two or more bits. Instead of breaking wires on an identity key the user may manipulate switches to give it an identity.
  • the keys have a hardware link only, and there is no need to programme the keys at the point of installation.
  • the individual local processing means 17 provided in the street lamps 4,5,6 are also programmed by the remote unit 3 to keep a record of any signals which are outside of an allowable range.
  • the signals S1 to S3 are recorded as a matter of course in the memory of the microcontroller 30 for the first 30 minutes, and not thereafter (as a matter of course), the microcontroller is programmed to monitor the signals continuously (say at 5 second intervals) and to keep a record of signals which are outside of an allowable error band.
  • the microcontroller 30 may also be set up to transmit such unusual signals to the remote unit 3 periodically, or even substantially immediately (when the polling enquiry receives instructions to proceed).
  • the remote unit 3 could be arranged to vary the operational conduct of the microcontroller 30, for example, the master control unit 2 could be used to tell the remote unit 3 to change the period of sampling of the signals from once every 5 seconds to once every 10 seconds, or ten times a second, or any other period. Similarly, the initial recording period could be varied.
  • a microcontroller is a powerful tool it can simply be reprogrammed once by the master control unit 2 and then left alone to get on with the job of monitoring/reporting. Because so much processing is done at the local processing means 17, the volume of signal traffic to the remote unit 3, and to the master control unit 2 is kept low, and this avoids confusion between the signals.
  • each of the blocks 33, and each of the microprocessors 30, is identical (or substantially identical). This means that we can mass produce the blocks 33 and use some and store some conveniently. If there is then a problem with one of the blocks 33 an engineer can take a replacement from our store and visit the lamp post that is having trouble (as detected by the remote unit 3, and as interrogated by the master control unit 2). He can then simply unplug the key 34, disconnect the broken base unit of the resin block 33 and exchange it for a new base unit resin block 33, and reconnect the same key 34 to the new resin block.
  • Figure 2 also schematically illustrates another feature.
  • the microcontroller can be programmed by the remote unit 3 to adjust the frequency of its carrier signal 40, within a range.
  • the range shown in Figure 2 is 90kHz to 145kHz. In each case, the frequency of the carrier signal is above that of the majority of the noise 41. Although some noise is present in the frequency range 90-145kHz methods of overcoming this are discussed hereinafter.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a monitoring system represented in a block diagrammatic form.
  • a computer 62 running the system has dedicated software for data analysis and control.
  • the computer 62 is connected to a monitor 64 by means of a communication link 66.
  • Mains communication buffers 68 and 70 are provided at each end of the link 66.
  • Buffer 68 is connected to the computer 62 by an RS232 or 488 serial link.
  • Buffer 70 is connected to a microcontroller 72 through a decoder 74.
  • the communication link 66 between the two buffers 68 and 70 is a half duplex link over a mains supply.
  • Information passes along the link 66 to or from the computer 62 on a phase locked loop carrier for data integrity. Transmission can be in a frequency band 90-145kHz as opposed to the mains which is between 40 to 60Hz.
  • an automatic error correction routine is incorporated in the software in the computer 62 to replace any bits of information which are lost.
  • the communication stream between the buffers 68 and 70 can be in a digital form or any other suitable form.
  • the monitor 64 is provided with an independent power supply 76, which can be a mains supply separate from the main supply providing the link 66.
  • the microcontroller 72 is fed with information concerning the operation of a piece of street furniture through a number of analogue inputs.
  • Each input 78,80,82,84 is provided with a signal conditioner 86 and an opto-isolator 88.
  • the inputs may include signals relating to an A.C. signal (such as mains supply), a D.C. signal, other current signals, or signals representative of absolute temperature or temperature change for example atmospheric temperature or temperature change.
  • the signal conditioners 86 scale the signal up or down to be in a range suitable for the microcontroller 72 to receive. This would be, for example, in the range 0-5V.
  • the opto-isolators 88 provide a potential cut out in case of power surges or other signals which can harm the microcontroller 72.
  • the microcontroller 72 has at least three outputs. In the Figure three outputs 90,92 and 94 are shown. These may be volt free outputs for external use, pulse width modulation outputs for analogue control of external loads (for example power supply to a lamp) or standard analogue D.C. voltage outputs.
  • the microcontroller may be provided with a plurality of further input/output ports for monitoring and control as required.
  • a plurality of further input/output ports for monitoring and control as required.
  • two eight bit ports, making sixteen digital input/output ports can be used.
  • a key 96 (corresponding to key 34 in Figures 3 and 4) shown in the Figure may be plugged into or remove from the microcontroller 72.
  • the key may have an eight or nine bit identity which represents the address of the microcontroller 72.
  • the invention is not to be considered to be limited to the field of monitoring street furniture. It may be applied as a metering or control system to a diverse range of electrical devices or apparatus.
  • Two LED's 100,101 are provided on the module 21. Both of these LED's tell a user about the communication status of the module 21.
  • the LED 100 is identified as RX/TX and indicates that the module 21 is "listening" to the mains power supply cable 1 for the correct carrier frequency (135kHz). In normal use this LED 100 will tend to flicker as mains noise/spikes (usually in order of microseconds) can often briefly match the 135kHz carrier frequency. At this point, although the module 21 has found the correct frequency, a number of parameters need to be satisfied before the local processing means 17 will respond.
  • the 135kHz carrier frequency must be present for 100ms before the LED 101 (carrier accept LED) lights to indicate carrier accepted status and allow the module 21 to receive commands.
  • This 100ms duration may be transmitted from the remote unit 3 and stops the module 21 from reacting to short duration mains noise/spikes crossing the same frequency.
  • the module 21 On receipt of a valid carrier frequency (135kHz for more than 100ms) the module 21 opens a command channel ready to receive data. This data must start with the correct address for the module 21 (set by the key 34), then the data must only contain valid ASCII characters (numbers 0-9 and capital letter A-Z). If either of these conditions are not met the unit may cancel its data buffer and returns to zero to start again.
  • the module 21 will response to the remote units 3 commands.
  • a photodetector to sense whether a door at the base portion of the lamp post is open or closed. Obviously these doors should be closed when the lamp is in use and it is important to know if the door has inadvertently been left open so that it can be closed.
  • Data received (3 times) by the remote unit 3 is checked (via software) for correct ASCII characters, and the 3 messages are filtered to make 1 correct string for display and the data log, e.g. if, due to an unexpected line noise/spike, the first data message is corrupted.
  • Such checking will also take place in communication from the remote unit 3 to the pressing means 17.
  • the remote unit 3 removes the wrong ASCII characters and filters the 3 messages together to read the correct message - S:000 B:00000:00:00 CH0:000 CH1:000 CH2:000 L:U/C/O
  • the remote unit 3 is provided with an internal real time clock so that the time that error messages are received from various modules 21 can be logged.
  • the remote unit in its standard form can log 650 messages, and in an improved version can log 1300 entries.
  • a set of commands exists some of which are global commands which will operate all of the modules 21 in communication with the remote unit 3, and some of which are individual commands which are issued specific to module 21 in communication with the remote unit 3.
  • FIG. 8 shows a detailed view of a remote unit 3.
  • a reset switch 150 fuse holders 151,152,153, a series of status LED's 154,155,156,157,158,159,160 (154 indicates external power supply status; 155 indicates whether the remote unit 3 is transmitting data; 156 indicates whether external control hardware is operative: 157 indicates whether the remote unit 3 has accepted an incoming carrier signal; 158 indicates whether the communication port is receiving commands; 159 indicates whether the communication port is transmitting commands; 160 indicates whether the communication port is in use), a mains switch 161, a bi-directional RS232 communication port (for connection to a laptop computer, serial printer, modem, etc.), an output block 163 for connection to various devices, a keypad 164 (for entering commands) and an LCD display 165 to display various massages, etc.
  • a reset switch 150 fuse holders 151,152,153, a series of status LED's 154,155,156,157,158,159,160 (154 indicates external power supply status; 155 indicates whether
  • One function provided on the remote unit 3 may be a test to check communication with the modules 21.
  • a Local Processing Means (usually several of these each associated with its own electrical apparatus) that performs a function, and a remote unit that controls the local processing means and receives signals from them.
  • the local processing means and the remote unit preferably have the following features:-

Claims (15)

  1. Luminaire d'équipement de rue comprenant un boítier de luminaire (10) possédant: une source de lumière (13) adaptée pour délivrer une lumière en cours d'utilisation,, des moyens de contrôle (15) adaptés pour contrôler, en cours d'utilisation, un paramètre physique de la source de lumière (13), et des moyens locaux de traitement (17) adaptés pour recevoir un signal de paramètre de la part des moyens de contrôle (15), indicatifs dudit paramètre physique et délivrer un signal de sortie, ledit signal de sortie étant adapté pour être communiqué à une unité distante (3), qui ne fait pas partie dudit luminaire, et qui est distante du boítier (10); caractérisé en ce que les moyens de contrôle (15) et les moyens locaux de traitement (17) sont prévus dans le boítier (10), et le boítier (10) comporte des moyens de montage adaptés pour le montage du boítier, en cours d'utilisation, sur un support (7, 8, 9); le luminaire possédant des moyens de couplage électrique d'entrée/sortie adaptés pour être couplés à une ligne d'alimentation en énergie (1), le luminaire recevant une énergie pour la source de lumière (13) par l'intermédiaire de moyens de couplage électrique.
  2. Luminaire selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens de montage comprennent une partie formant col du boítier adaptée pour être connectée à la partie supérieure d'un lampadaire (7, 8, 9).
  3. Luminaire selon la revendication 2, dans lequel les moyens de couplage électrique sont connectés, en cours d'utilisation, à la ligne d'alimentation en énergie (1) à l'intérieur de la partie formant col.
  4. Luminaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les moyens locaux de traitement (17) comprennent une mémoire qui mémorise les données représentatives de l'instant où l'appareil fonctionne, mais pas au moins d'autres données que les moyens locaux de traitement contrôlent.
  5. Luminaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les moyens locaux de traitement (17) comportent une adresse qui est configurable du point de vue matériel.
  6. Luminaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les moyens locaux de traitement (17) (ou l'unité distante (3)) appellent l'unité distante (3) (ou les moyens locaux de traitement (17)) et transmettent des signaux de données traitées uniquement lorsqu'un signal de téléchargement est reçu.
  7. Luminaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les moyens locaux de traitement (17) font fonctionner une unité de commande (16) pour faire fonctionner la source de lumière (13).
  8. Luminaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les moyens locaux de traitement (17) peuvent contrôler l'intervalle de temps pendant lequel la source de lumière (13) fonctionne.
  9. Luminaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant une entrée pour les moyens de commande (16) en cours d'utilisation, pour des signaux provenant d'un photodétecteur prévu pour détecter le fait qu'une porte dans une partie de base du lampadaire (7, 8, 9) est ouverte ou fermée.
  10. Procédé pour fabriquer un luminaire formant équipement de rue, contrôlable, consistant à prévoir un boítier du luminaire (10) possédant une source de lumière (13), des moyens locaux de traitement (17) et des moyens de contrôle (15) contrôlant, en fonctionnement, un paramètre physique de la source de lumière (13) et produisant un signal de paramètre représentatif du paramètre physique, les moyens de traitement (17) recevant le signal de paramètre et délivrant un signal de paramètre traité dans les câbles d'alimentation en énergie (1) de la source de lumière (13), caractérisé en ce que les moyens de contrôle (15) et les moyens locaux de traitement (17) sont logés dans le boítier, et le procédé comprend la connexion du luminaire à un câble d'alimentation en énergie existant (1) et des moyens de montage pour fournir un luminaire apte à être contrôlé à distance par l'intermédiaire du câble d'alimentation en énergie (1) aboutissant à la source de lumière (13) à l'aide d'une unité distante, qui est éloignée du luminaire.
  11. Kit pour connecter un lampadaire (7, 8, 9), le kit comprenant des moyens de contrôle autonomes (15) du boítier du luminaire, aptes à contrôler en cours d'utilisation le fonctionnement de la lampe (13) et communiquant avec une unité distante (3), le kit une fois connecté pouvant mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon la revendication 10.
  12. Procédé pour équiper une rue de lampes urbaines comprenant le montage de luminaires selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, sur des lampadaires déjà en place.
  13. Elément d'équipement de rue comprenant un lampadaire ou une autre structure de support, et un luminaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9.
  14. Système comprenant une pluralité d'équipements de rue possédant un luminaire conformément aux revendications 1 à 9, et une unité distante adaptée pour recevoir, en cours d'utilisation, des signaux de la part de moyens de traitement locaux dudit luminaire.
  15. Procédé pour fournir un luminaire d'équipement de rue contrôlable consistant à fournir un boítier de luminaire (10) possédant une source de lumière (13), des moyens de traitement locaux (17) et des moyens de contrôle (15) contrôlant, en fonctionnement, un paramètre physique de la source de lumière (13) et produisant un signal de paramètre représentatif du paramètre physique, les moyens de traitement (17) recevant le signal de paramètre et délivrant un signal de paramètre traité devant être détecté par une unité distante (3), caractérisé en ce que le procédé comprend la fourniture des moyens de contrôle (15) et des moyens de traitement locaux (17) dans le luminaire (10), la connexion du luminaire (10) à un câble d'alimentation énergie existant (1) et le montage des moyens pour former ainsi un luminaire (10) apte à être contrôlé à distance par une unité distante (3), qui est éloignée du luminaire (10).
EP97930678A 1996-07-12 1997-07-11 Ameliorations apportees a un systeme de surveillance et de signalisation a distance et le concernant Expired - Lifetime EP0910843B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9614736 1996-07-12
GBGB9614736.8A GB9614736D0 (en) 1996-07-12 1996-07-12 Improvements in and relating to lighting
GB9625011 1996-11-30
GBGB9625011.3A GB9625011D0 (en) 1996-11-30 1996-11-30 Improvements in and relating to remote monitoring and signalling
PCT/GB1997/001870 WO1998002859A1 (fr) 1996-07-12 1997-07-11 Ameliorations apportees a un systeme de surveillance et de signalisation a distance et le concernant
CA002259837A CA2259837A1 (fr) 1996-07-12 1999-01-21 Ameliorations dans le domaine de la telesurveillance et de la signalisation

Publications (2)

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EP0910843A1 EP0910843A1 (fr) 1999-04-28
EP0910843B1 true EP0910843B1 (fr) 2002-02-13

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EP97930678A Expired - Lifetime EP0910843B1 (fr) 1996-07-12 1997-07-11 Ameliorations apportees a un systeme de surveillance et de signalisation a distance et le concernant

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EP (1) EP0910843B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1227650A (fr)
AT (1) ATE213354T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2259837A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69710466D1 (fr)
HK (1) HK1020221A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998002859A1 (fr)

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DE10233437A1 (de) * 2002-07-23 2004-02-12 Siemens Ag Kommunikationssystem für Signalisierungsvorrichtungen eines Flughafens
EP1946617A4 (fr) 2005-06-30 2009-06-03 Streetlight Intelligence Inc Systeme de commande et de controle de performances energetiques adaptatives
DE202006021104U1 (de) 2005-06-30 2012-07-31 Led Roadway Lighting Ltd. System zur Luminanzcharakterisierung
ATE545320T1 (de) * 2005-09-12 2012-02-15 Acuity Brands Inc Lichtverwaltungssystem mit vernetztem intelligenten beleuchtungsvorrichtungs-managern und anwendungen dafür
CN101123500B (zh) * 2006-08-11 2011-02-02 华为技术有限公司 一种生物验证方法及装置
EP1937036A3 (fr) * 2006-12-19 2015-01-14 Korea Electro Technology Research Institute Système de contrôle d'éclairage de rue plus sûr basé sur une communication sans fil
US8570190B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2013-10-29 Led Roadway Lighting Ltd. Centralized route calculation for a multi-hop streetlight network
US8290710B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2012-10-16 Led Roadway Lighting Ltd. Streetlight monitoring and control
US8140276B2 (en) 2008-02-27 2012-03-20 Abl Ip Holding Llc System and method for streetlight monitoring diagnostics
US8669717B2 (en) 2010-11-12 2014-03-11 Crs Electronics Exterior illumination and emergency signaling system and related methods
DE102011005951A1 (de) * 2011-03-23 2012-09-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft LED-Signalgeber sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen
GB2559726A (en) * 2017-01-10 2018-08-22 The Aluminium Lighting Company Ltd Monitoring the electrical operation of columns and like structures
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Also Published As

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ATE213354T1 (de) 2002-02-15
CN1227650A (zh) 1999-09-01
WO1998002859A1 (fr) 1998-01-22
CA2259837A1 (fr) 2000-07-21
DE69710466D1 (de) 2002-03-21
HK1020221A1 (en) 2000-03-31
EP0910843A1 (fr) 1999-04-28

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