EP0908570B1 - Construction with a membrane whereby the roof is made of a three dimensional metallic or composite frame - Google Patents

Abstract

The flexible building cover has its roof part defined by a metal or three dimensional composite frame constituted by a base structure. This structure comprises two parallel beams (5,6) from where diagonals (9,9A,9B,9C) extend. The two beams are defined by a grooved section receiving a beading fitting the two longitudinal edges (13,14) of one or more covers of double curvature (7). The section can be provided with means (15) for fixing the ends (16) of the diagonals or cross members (8).

Description

The invention relates to a flexible cover construction, at least the part forming the roof is defined by a framework metallic or three-dimensional composite consisting of basic structure or a juxtaposition of several of these last of which each has at least two beams parallels connected by means of crosspieces and from which extend diagonals defining, as the case may be, two or more farms joined together by their top or one or a succession of pyramid-shaped modules in space internal bounded by such a basic structure being underpinned at least one soft cover, double type curvature.

We already know constructions that meet the description above. In fact, this type of construction makes call for a metal frame consisting of an assembly of profiles coming to define, at least as regards the part forming the roof, a three-dimensional framework with the interior of which are one or more roofing elements made of flexible material, usually double curvature type.

In fact, it should be observed that, so far, such a three-dimensional metal frame uses profiles metallic elementary dimension that we just connect the relative to each other using link nodes of so as to define basic modules (as described, for example, by DE 11 70 604C), often in the form of pyramids. So many of these basic modules can be associated with each other, again using the nodes above to finally reach the size of the roof suitable for construction. It will be noted that very often these basic modules, often pyramid-shaped, are also connected to each other by their top.

In more detail, a basic module has two parallel beams, also connected to each other using sleepers. Relative to these beams extend diagonals that come to define, or a pyramidal shape, these diagonals coming to meet at the same node, or two or more farms connected by their top.

It is obvious, of course, that several of these modules can be juxtaposed so as to design a row that we have defined as a basic structure in the rest of the description knowing, precisely, that several of these again basic structures can be combined to others to achieve the desired size of the construction.

The current problem with this type of construction comprising, as a roof, a framework three-dimensional metallic is that their time of assembly is particularly long, especially since we usually uses lacing techniques to stretch, at the level of such a framework, the elements of cover in flexible material with double curvature. In fact, the these cover elements are energized, the more frequently, at the level of the linking nodes.

In view of this observation, we understand, of course, that these particular constructions are in no way suitable for a temporary use insofar as, precisely, the assembly and disassembly operations are particularly expensive. Also, these frame constructions three-dimensional, subtended with double curvature fabrics, although having a particularly attractive aesthetic, see their utility only in the design of buildings with permanent use, while hosting an activity temporary we have no other solution than to call on more classic constructions.

These call, as the case may be, for a framework substantially flat which, to form the roof receives one or more double curvature blankets, especially hat-shaped Chinese, often powered up from the interior. Note, in this regard that it is also known to stretch these double curvature fabrics from outside the building using guy wires attached to masts provided for effect.

In fact, more usually we will use constructions of the marquee or similar type, the structure of which consists by a succession of gantries equidistantly connected between them and constituted by an assembly of grooved profiles for the reception between two successive gantries, of an element roofing in flexible material with longitudinal edges are pre-equipped with a rod. This is thus able to slide inside the grooves of the aforementioned profiles.

We can see that the two solutions exposed above and used for the design of temporary buildings raise the problem of their modularity. So if the type of construction presented last is the most widespread because leading to reduced assembly time, it is difficult to adapt the shape or the dimensions, strictly to the use for which it is intended or the location which is reserved. Indeed, companies that offer this type of construction for hire only have a very number limited gantries with different dimensions. In addition, if a such a rental company wants to be able to satisfy, a large demand from its customers, it must have, in stock, not only elements, namely structures and covers, corresponding to the most commonly used constructions, but also those intended for construction design to the more specific dimensions requested only exceptionally by this clientele. This poses, by Therefore, the problem of rotation and, therefore, of the profitability of these elements specific to constructions of special dimension.

Ultimately, the objective of the present invention consists in designing a construction comprising, in particular in its roof-forming part, a frame of the type three-dimensional whose assembly is not only easy because lacking often very expensive connecting nodes, but which, in addition, is able to receive, with great ease and reduced assembly time, double cover elements curvature intended to be underpinned at this framework.

At the same time, the present invention aims to provide a solution to the problem of modularity of constructions for use temporary.

• les deux longerons parallèles d'une structure de base sont définis, chacun, par un profilé comportant au moins une gorge filante pour la réception d'un jonc équipant deux bords longitudinaux de la ou des couvertures souples à double courbure destinées à être sous-tendues au niveau de ladite structure de base;
• et qu'un tel profilé est pourvu de moyens pour la réception en vue de leur fixation des extrémités des diagonales et/ou des traverses.

To this end, the invention relates to a construction with flexible roofing, at least the part of which forms the roof, is defined by a three-dimensional metallic or composite frame constituted by a basic structure or by a juxtaposition of several of the latter, each of which comprises at least two parallel beams connected by means of crosspieces and from which extend diagonals defining, as the case may be, at least two trusses made integral by their top and forming a module or even one or a succession of modules of pyramidal shape , in the internal space delimited by each of these basic structures being subtended at least one flexible cover, of the double curvature type, characterized in that:

• the two parallel longitudinal members of a basic structure are each defined by a profile comprising at least one shooting groove for the reception of a rod equipping two longitudinal edges of the flexible cover (s) with double curvature intended to be subtended at said base structure;
• and that such a profile is provided with means for receiving them with a view to fixing the ends of the diagonals and / or crosspieces.

According to a feature of the present invention, a structure base has a third spar parallel to the previous one from the summits, as the case may be, farms or pyramid-shaped modules defined by the diagonals.

Advantageously, the means intended for reception with a view to fixing the ends of the diagonals and / or crosspieces at a profile defining a beam are presented in the form of ears attached to said profile or else in the form of a continuous or discontinuous wing added or coextruded.

Such a profile is moreover preferably designed in aluminum alloy, knowing that it could also be designed in a composite material.

The advantages of the present invention consist of that through profiles intended to design the stringers corresponding to a basic structure it is possible to get rid of the connecting nodes that we do usually called for the design of metal frameworks three-dimensional. In addition, these beams, appearing under shaped groove profiles, are able to accommodate, for sliding, the rods of a flexible cover whose setting place is, therefore, considerably facilitated.

In the end, we end up, through this invention, to a construction which, while being equipped with a such a metal or three-dimensional composite frame, turns out to be a time of assembly and disassembly particularly which is a considerable advantage when it is intended for temporary use.

Finally, this type of construction, in accordance with the invention, offers rental companies the opportunity to optimize their stock of equipment. Indeed, through a simple juxtaposition of several basic structures, we can definitive, reach all building dimensions desired whether in length or in width. In as a result, it gives them better rotation of their equipment.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear during the description which follows relating to an embodiment which is given only as indicative and non-limiting example.

La figure 1 correspond à une représentation schématisée et en perspective d'une construction conforme à l'invention ;

La figure 2 correspond à un mode de réalisation d'un module d'une structure de base ;

La figure 3 est une vue similaire à la figure 2 illustrant un autre mode de réalisation en ce qui concerne la ou les couvertures à double courbure sous-tendues à une structure de base ;

La figure 4 représente un autre mode de réalisation d'un module lequel comporte deux fermes reliées par leur sommet ;

La figure 5 est une représentation schématisée et en coupe d'un mode de réalisation d'un profilé destiné à définir un longeron ;

La figure 6 est une vue similaire à la figure 4 et illustre un autre mode de réalisation d'un tel profilé ainsi que des moyens destinés à la réception, pour leur fixation, des extrémités des diagonales et/ou de traverses ;

La figure 7 est une autre vue de ces moyens destinés à la réception de diagonales et/ou de traverses visibles dans la figure 5 ;

La figure 8 correspond à une vue en coupe d'un profilé apte à définir le troisième longeron d'une structure de base et reliant les sommets, soit de plusieurs fermes, soit ceux de modules de forme pyramidale.

The understanding of this description will be facilitated by referring to the attached drawings in which:

Figure 1 corresponds to a schematic and perspective representation of a construction according to the invention;

FIG. 2 corresponds to an embodiment of a module of a basic structure;

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 illustrating another embodiment with respect to the double curvature blanket (s) subtended to a basic structure;

FIG. 4 represents another embodiment of a module which comprises two trusses connected by their top;

Figure 5 is a schematic representation in section of an embodiment of a profile for defining a beam;

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 4 and illustrates another embodiment of such a profile as well as means for receiving, for their fixing, the ends of the diagonals and / or sleepers;

Figure 7 is another view of these means for the reception of diagonals and / or crosspieces visible in Figure 5;

Figure 8 corresponds to a sectional view of a profile capable of defining the third spar of a basic structure and connecting the vertices, either of several trusses, or those of pyramid-shaped modules.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention relates to a construction 1 of which at least the part forming roof 2 is defined by a metal or composite frame of three-dimensional type. In fact, it consists of a basic structure 4 or as shown in this Figure 1, a juxtaposition of several of these.

As can be seen more particularly in FIGS. 2 to 4, a such basic structure 4 comprises at least two beams parallels 5, 6 between which and, ultimately, are intended to extend one or more double blankets curvature 7, these longitudinal members 5, 6 being, moreover, connected between them using sleepers 8. In addition, since these longitudinal members 5, 6 are caused to extend from the diagonals 9, 9A, 9B, 9C which, in a configuration shown, FIG. 4, are brought to define at least two farms F1, F2 rendered united by their vertex S so as to constitute a module Me. In fact, more usually, such diagonals 9, 9A, 9B, 9C define, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, attached drawings, one or a succession of modules M, M1, M2, M3 pyramid-shaped.

According to a feature of the present invention, the two longitudinal members 5, 6 are each defined by a profile 10 of which Figures 5 and 6 show, in section, different modes of achievement. Thus, such a profile 10 comprise at least a shooting groove 11A, 11B for receiving a rod 12 (shown in broken lines) from the two longitudinal edges 13, 14 of a flexible double cover curvature 7 intended to be subtended on this structure of base 4.

In addition, such a profile 10 designing a beam 5, 6 is advantageously provided with means 15 for receiving, with a view to their attachment, the ends 16, 16A of the diagonals 9, 9A, 9B, 9C and / or crosspieces 8.

It should be observed that according to one embodiment preferential, two juxtaposed basic structures 4 come share the same spar for fixing one of the edges longitudinal 13, 14 of their double curvature cover 7 respective. In these conditions it is appropriate that such beam is also designed to be able to receive the diagonals corresponding to each of these basic structures 4, juxtaposed as well as, if necessary, the crosspieces 8 connecting the side members 5, 6 of each of the latter.

For this purpose, such a profile 10 is advantageously designed to symmetrically about a vertical plane of symmetry 17 and consequently comprises two shooting grooves 11A, 11B for receiving the rod 12 fitted to the longitudinal edge respectively 13, 14 of the double curvature covers 7 corresponding, precisely, to two basic structures 4 juxtaposed.

As for the means 15 intended for the reception of the ends 16 diagonals 9, 9A, 9B, 9C, or the corresponding 16A to a cross 8, they can appear as shown in Figures 6 and 7, in the form of ears 30, 30A reported, particularly equidistantly, on said profiled 10. Such ears 30, 30A come, of course, extend from this profile 10 with an angle of inclination 18 adapted to the orientation which must be communicated to the diagonals 9, 9A, 9B, 9C or even a cross member 8.

It should be observed that such ears 30, 30A, can be reported directly, for example by welding, gluing or screwing, on a profile 10. However, a weld has tendency to modify the mechanical characteristics of said profiled, especially if it is of metallic type. Through elsewhere, a mechanical connection, of the screwing type, requires a wall thickness at this profile which is sufficient to ensure a good connection.

For this, a solution has been devised, consisting in providing a profile 10 of ears 30, 30A through pieces of junction 31 of external section 32 adjusted to the internal section 33 of the otherwise defined tubular type profile. On a such junction piece 31, preferably of the type metallic, in particular steel, are ultimately reported, for example by welding and along generators, said ears 30, 30A, while a profile 10 is defined by one or more sections of profile 10A, 10B at the ends 34A, 34B from which are joined connecting pieces 31, fitted with ears 30, 30A. The actual connection between a connecting piece 31 and a section of profile 10A, 10B can be obtained by means of a pin 35 for example. Moreover, these ends 34A, 34B of the section sections 10A, 10B are advantageously, notched, axially, for the passage of ears 30, 30A, and thus allow to ensure perfect continuity at the junction of two sections of profile 10A, 10B.

In the end, we will observe that these include a length corresponding to the spacing of the connections of diagonals and / or cross members on a beam 5, 6. In fact, this length is substantially that of a module M, M1, M2, M3 or M '.

As shown more particularly in FIG. 5, of such means 15 intended for the reception of the ends 16 of the diagonals 9, 9A, 9B, 9C or that 16A corresponding to a cross member 8 can borrow, more simply, the form one or more wings 19, 19A, and / or sections of wings extending radially around the periphery of profile 10.

As for the grooves 11A, 11B, such means 15 intended for the reception of the ends 16, 16A, as the case may be, of diagonals 9, 9A, 9B, 9C or even sleepers 8, adopt a symmetrical configuration with respect to the plane of symmetry vertical 17 around profile 10.

It should also be noted that it may be appropriate, especially for reasons of thermal insulation, to double a double curvature cover 7 so as to delimit between the latter and the internal part of construction 1, a insulating air mattress. To do this, a profile 10 can receive a second pair of grooves 20A, 20B arranged at a level significantly lower than the gorges llA, llB for the reception of the rod corresponding to a lining fabric of two basic structures 4, juxtaposed.

As shown in Figures 2 to 4, illustrating two modes of a double-curved cover 7 subtended at a basic structure 4, the side members 5, 6 constitute the lower part of the roof that define, specifically, these double curvature covers 7. In these conditions, they are led to collect runoff water which must be evacuated.

Also, according to a first embodiment, a profile 10 or another section of profile 10A, 10B defining this spar 5, 6 is provided of tubular type, its internal part designing a gutter suitable for collecting and discharging water from runoff.

Such an embodiment poses, however, the problem of sealing between two sections 10 or sections of sections 10A, 10B coupled, successively, one behind the other in view to define a basic structure of increased length and adapt to the size of construction 1 to be produced. If one such sealing is technically feasible, it often leads to the use of seals which, when successive dismantling and reassembly of the construction are caused to deteriorate fairly quickly. In this regard, he should particularly take into account the because of the size of this type of construction 1, it is difficult, if not impossible, to confer on the longitudinal members 5, 6, any slope in order to facilitate the evacuation of runoff water.

Also, we imagined a second embodiment allowing these beams 5, 6 to more effectively fulfill this role of gutter for evacuation of runoff water. According to what second embodiment of said section 10 or section of profile 10A, 10B is fitted directly or by via connecting lugs 21A, 21B, of a third pair of grooves 22A, 22B for receiving the rods of a waterproofed fabric 23 able to extend in the form of a gutter under such a profile 10 therefore a spar 5, 6.

It will be observed that the connecting lugs 21A, 21B, bearing at their ends the grooves 22A, 22B are configured so that said gutter-shaped canvas 23 extends, perfectly, below these beams 5, 6 aptly to collect all runoff from covers 7.

In order to avoid the use of link nodes at the vertex S of farms F1, F2 defined by diagonals or, more particularly, at the height of the vertices 24 corresponding to a module M, M1, M2, M3 pyramid-shaped, a basic structure 4 preferably comprises at least a third spar 25, again defined by a profile 10 'comprising means 15 for the reception with a view to fixing the diagonals 9, 9A, 9B, 9C (see Figure 8). This spar 25 thus comes to connect between them, either the vertices S of the farms F1, F2, or the vertices 24 of several M, M1, M2, M3 of the same structure of base 4 or corresponding to several base 4 structures juxtaposed. Again, note that such a spar 25 can be provided with means 15 for receiving sleepers 8A, able to connect these two side members 25 in pairs.

If such a third spar 25 can be devoid of grooves, nothing prevents it from being provided with one or more, this similar to a profile 10 or a section of profile 10A, 10B defining the longitudinal members 5, 6. Such grooves can in particular receive the rods of a canvas, more particularly a grid, which we extend in some way so above the double curvature covers 7 in sight, either to protect them from dirt, for example leaves, or to create sunscreen.

As shown in Figure 8, the profile 10 'intended for define such a spar 25 is configured, in its part lower 36, in the form of a rail 37 for receiving one or several trolleys 39 (shown diagrammatically) to which are fixed one or more cables 38 for energizing the or blankets with double curvature 7. Thus, by coming to thread the rods 12 of a double curvature cover 7 in the grooves 11A, 11B of the longitudinal members 5, 6 of a basic structure 4 the carriages 39 are engaged simultaneously on the spar 25 to which the tensioning cable (s) are attached.

In view of the above description, we understand, of course, that the assembly and disassembly of the latter is considerably facilitated all the more since the establishment blankets with double curvature 7 is obtained with a very great ease, while their tensioning is carried out through a traction exerted substantially in a single direction. Of course, we also avoid the different particularly tedious lacing operations.

Finally, such a construction 1, in accordance with the invention, turns out to be very modular through the use of standard parts which, moreover, make it possible to overcome connecting nodes, often corresponding to parts particularly expensive. Indeed, such connecting nodes frequently use numerous design tools welding, stamping, machining and other operations, operations which are particularly streamlined in the present case.

It will also be noted that the present invention has known cleverly answer the problem of the watertightness of this type of construction with three-dimensional frame and soft cover, which again represents an advantage not negligible.

Claims (14)

1. Construction with a flexible cover at least the portion of which forming the roof (2) is defined by a three-dimensional metal or composite framework (3) comprised of a basic structure (4) or a juxtaposition of several of these latter, each of which includes at least two parallel longitudinal beams (5, 6) connected by means of cross-beams (8) and from which extend diagonal beams (9, 9A, 9B, 9C) defining, as the case may be, at least two girders (F1, F2) made integral by their top (S) and forming a module (M1), or even one or a series of pyramidally-shaped modules (M, Ml, M2, M3), in the inner space delimited by each of these basic structures (4) being subtended at least one flexible cover (7) of the type with a double curvature, characterised in that:

   both parallel longitudinal beams (5, 6) of a basic structure (4) are each defined by a profile bar (10) including at least a through-groove (11A, 11B) for receiving a retaining strip (12) provided for at two longitudinal edges (13, 14) of the flexible cover or covers (7) with a double curvature aimed at being subtended at the level of said basic structure (4);

   and that such a profile bar (10) is provided with means (15) for receiving the ends (16, 16A) of the diagonal beams (9, 9A, 9B, 9C) and/or of the cross-beams (8), with a view to their fixing.
2. Construction according to claim 1, characterised in that a profile bar (10) aimed at defining a longitudinal beam (5, 6) is made symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane of symmetry (17) and includes two through-grooves (11A, 11B) for receiving a retaining strip (12) provided for at the longitudinal edge (13, 14), respectively, of the covers with a double curvature (7) corresponding to two juxtaposed basic structures (4).
3. Construction according to claim 2, characterised in that a profile bar (10) aimed at forming a longitudinal beam (5, 6) includes a second pair of grooves (20A, 20B) arranged at a level substantially lower than the grooves (11A, 11B) for receiving the retaining strip corresponding to a lining canvas of juxtaposed basic structures (4).
4. Construction according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the means (15) for receiving the ends (16; 16A) of the diagonal beams (9, 9A, 9B, 9C) and/or the cross-beams (8) are in the shape of lugs (30, 30A) inserted, viz. equidistantly, on said profile bar (10).
5. Construction according to claim 4, characterised in that the lugs extend from a profile bar (10) according to an angle of inclination (18) adapted to the orientation to be imparted to the diagonal beam or beams (9, 9A, 9B, 9C) and/or to the cross-beams (8).
6. Construction according to any of claims 4 or 5, characterised in that the lugs (30, 30A) are inserted, viz. by welding and alongside generating lines, on a joining part (31) with an outer cross-section (32) adjusted to the inner cross-section (33) of the profile bar (10) of a tubular type and defined by one or several profile bar lengths (10A, 10B) at the ends (34A, 34B) of which are inserted such joining parts (31).
7. Construction according to claim 6, characterised in that the ends (34A, 34B) of the profile bar length or lengths (10A, 10B) are axially notched for the passing through of the lugs (30, 30A) and for ensuring the continuity at the level of the joining of two profile bar lengths (10A, 10B).
8. Construction according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the means (15) for receiving the ends (16; 16A) of the diagonal beams (9, 9A, 9B, 9C) and/or of the cross-beams (8) are in the shape of one or several wings (19; 19A) and/or of wing lengths radially extending at the periphery of the profile bar (10).
9. Construction according to claim 2 and any of claims 4 through 8, characterised in that the means (15) for receiving the ends (16; 16A), as the case may be, of the diagonal beams (9, 9A, 9B, 9C) or of the cross-beams (8) adopt a symmetrical configuration with respect to the vertical plane of symmetry (17) around the profile bar (10).
10. Construction according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that a profile bar (10) defining a longitudinal beam (5, 6) is foreseen of the tubular type, its inner portion being capable of forming a gutter capable of collecting and evacuating running water coming from the covers with a double curvature (7).
11. Construction according to any of claims 1 through 9, characterised in that a profile bar (10) aimed at forming a longitudinal beam (5, 6) is provided, directly or through connecting lugs (21A, 21B), with a pair of grooves (22A, 22B) for receiving the retaining strips of a water-proof canvas (23) capable of extending in the shape of a gutter under such a profile bar (10).
12. Construction according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that a basic structure (4) includes at least a third longitudinal beam (25) defined by a profile bar (10') and including means (15) for receiving, with a view to the fixing, diagonal beams (9, 9A, 9B, 9C) and/or cross-beams (8A), such a longitudinal beam (25) connecting to each other the tops (S; 24) either of several girders (F1, F2) defined by the diagonal beams (9, 9A, 9B, 9C) or of several modules (M', M, M1, M2, M3) corresponding to one and the same basic structure (4) or to several juxtaposed basic structures (4).
13. Construction according to claim 12, characterised in that the profile bar (10') defining the longitudinal beam (25) includes one or several grooves for receiving retaining strips corresponding to a canvas, viz. a netting, capable of being stretched over the flexible covers with a double curvature (7).
14. Construction according to claims 12 or 13, characterised in that the profile bar (10') defining a longitudinal beam (25) is, in its lower portion (36), configured in the shape of a rail (37) for receiving one or several slides to which are capable of being fixed one or several cables (38) for tensioning the cover or covers with a double curvature (7).

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