EP0906254A1

EP0906254A1 - Acylation method for an aromatic compound

Info

Publication number: EP0906254A1
Application number: EP97929344A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michel Spagnol; Laurent Gilbert; Henri Guillot; Philippe-Jean Tirel
Original assignee: Rhodia Chimie SAS
Current assignee: Rhodia Chimie SAS
Priority date: 1996-06-20
Filing date: 1997-06-13
Publication date: 1999-04-07
Also published as: FR2750132A1; IL127544A0; NO319392B1; CN1120825C; WO1997048665A1; JP2000512308A; HUP9903570A2; HU222542B1; NO985912D0; US6194616B1; NO985912L; AU3347997A; FR2750132B1; KR20000022034A; ZA975413B; TW538031B; HUP9903570A3; RU2223938C2; BR9709734A; CN1222131A

Abstract

The invention discloses an acylation method for an aromatic compound. The acylation method that consists in reacting the said aromatic compound with an acylation agent, in the presence of a zeolite catalyst, is characterised in that it consists: in mixing, by whatever means, the aromatic compound and the acylation agent; in passing the said mixture on a catalytic bed comprising at least one zeolite; in subjecting the reaction mixture from the catalytic bed to a recirculation the catalytic bed, for a number of times sufficient to obtain the desired conversion ratio of the substrate.

Description

PROCESS FOR ACYLATION OF AN AROMATIOUF COMPOUND

The subject of the present invention is a process for the acylation of an aromatic compound, and in particular of an aromatic ether or thioether.

In its preferred variant, the invention resides in a process for the acylation of an aromatic ether or thioether with anhydrides of carboxylic acids, preferably acetic anhydride.

The invention applies more particularly to the preparation of alkoxy- or alkylthioaromatic alkyl ketones.

Conventional methods of acylation of aromatic compounds, in particular phenol ethers, use as acylation reagent, a carboxylic acid, or one of its derivatives such as acid halide, ester or anhydride.

The reaction is generally carried out in the presence of a catalyst of the Lewis acid type (for example AICI3) or of the Brόnsted acid type (H2SO4, HF, etc.).

For ten years, it has been proposed to use zeolites as acylation catalysts.

Thus, in EP-A-0279322, the vapor phase reaction of an aromatic compound (veratrole) with a carboxylic acid derivative has been described, in the presence of an H-form zeolite such as mordenite, faujasite and ZSM -5.

It is also described in US Pat. No. 4,960,943, a method of acylation, in particular of anisole, in the presence of zeolites having a pore size of at least 5 Angstroms and which correspond to the following formula M _m / _Z [ mMe ¹ θ2. nMe ² θ2l. qH2θ] in which M is an exchangeable cation, z is the valence of the cation and Me ¹ and Me ² represent the elements of the anionic skeleton, n / m is a number between 1-3000, preferably 1 -2000 and q represents l adsorbed water.

Furthermore, Pπns et al. described the acetylation of anisole with acetic anhydride [9 ^th International Zeolite Congress - Montréal Congres (1992)], in the presence of zeolites such as β zeolite or US-Y zeolite. It should be noted that the β zeolites make it possible to obtain more interesting results both with regard to the conversion rate and the reaction yield.

However, the performance of the catalyst described is not satisfactory. The use of said catalyst on an industrial scale poses a problem because the productivity of the catalyst is insufficient so that it would be necessary to provide a very substantial reactor size.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method enabling the abovementioned drawbacks to be overcome.

It has now been found, and this is what constitutes the object of the present invention, a process for the acylation of an aromatic compound, by reaction of the said compound with an acylating agent, in the presence of a characterized zeolitic catalyst. by the fact that it consists: - in effecting the mixing, in any way, of the aromatic compound and of the acylating agent,

passing said mixture over a catalytic bed comprising at least one zeolite,

- Subjecting the reaction mixture from the catalytic bed to recirculation on the catalytic bed, a number of times sufficient to obtain the desired substrate conversion rate.

According to the process of the invention, an aromatic compound and an acylating agent are therefore used. In the following description of the present invention, the term "aromatic compound" means the classic concept of aromaticrté as defined in the literature, in particular by Jerry MARCH, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4 ^{σ ,,, σ} edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1992, pp. 40 and following.

The term "aromatic ether or thioether" denotes an aromatic compound in which a hydrogen atom directly linked to the aromatic nucleus is replaced respectively by an ether or thioether group.

More specifically, the subject of the present invention is a process for the acylation of an aromatic compound corresponding to the general formula (I):

in which ^•

A symbolizes the remainder of a cycle forming all or part of a carbocyclic or heterocyclic, aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic system, said cyclic residue being able to carry a radical R representing a hydrogen atom or one or more substituents, identical or different,

- n represents the number of substituents on the cycle. The invention applies in particular to aromatic compounds corresponding to formula (I) in which A is the residue of a cyclic compound, preferably having at least 4 atoms in the ring, preferably 5 or 6, optionally substituted , and representing at least one of the following cycles:. an aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic carbocycle,

. an aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic heterocycle comprising at least one of the heteroatoms O, N and S,

It will be specified, without however limiting the scope of the invention, that the residue A optionally substituted represents, the remainder: 1 ° - of an aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic carbocyclic compound. By "polycyclic carbocyclic compound" is meant:. a compound consisting of at least 2 aromatic carbocycles and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and pericondensed systems,. a compound consisting of at least 2 carbocycles of which only one of them is aromatic and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and pericondensed systems. 2 ° - of an aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic compound. By "polycyclic heterocyclic compound", we define:. a compound consisting of at least 2 heterocycles containing at least one heteroatom in each cycle of which at least one of the two cycles is aromatic and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and pericondensed systems,

. a compound consisting of at least one hydrocarbon cycle and at least one heterocycle of which at least one of the cycles is aromatic and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and pericondensed systems.

3 ° - of a compound constituted by a chain of cycles, as defined in paragraphs 1 and / or 2 linked together:. by a valential link,

. by an alkylene or alkylidene radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a methylene or isopropylidene radical,

. by one of the following groups:

-O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCOO-

-S-, -SO-, -so ₂ -, -N-, -CO-N-, II

^R 0 ^R 0 in these formulas, R _Q represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl or phenyl radical.

More particularly, the optionally substituted residue A represents, the remainder:

- a monocyclic, carbocyclic, aromatic compound, such as, for example, benzene, toluene, isobutylbenzene, anisole, thioanisole, phenetole or veratrole, guaiacol, guetol,

- a polycyclic, condensed, aromatic compound, such as, for example, naphthalene, 2-methoxynaphthalene,

- a polycyclic, non-condensed, carbocyclic, aromatic compound, such as, for example, phenoxybenzene,

a polycyclic, condensed, carbocyclic, partially aromatic compound, such as, for example, tetrahydronaphthalene, 1,2-methylene dioxybenzene,

- a polycyclic, non-condensed, carbocyclic, partially aromatic compound, such as, for example, cyclohexylbenzene,

a monocyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic compound, such as, for example, pyridine, furan, thiophene,

- a polycyclic, condensed, aromatic, partially heterocyclic compound, such as, for example, quinoline, indole or benzofuran,

- a polycyclic, non-condensed, aromatic, partially heterocyclic compound, such as, for example, phenylpyridines, naphthylpyridines,

- a polycyclic, condensed, partially aromatic, partially heterocyclic compound, such as, for example, tetrahydroquinoline,

- a polycylic compound, non-condensed, partially aromatic, partially heterocyclic, such as, for example, cyclohexylpyridine. In the process of the invention, use is preferably made of an aromatic compound of formula (I) in which A represents an aromatic ring, preferably a benzene or naphthalene ring.

The aromatic compound of formula (I) can carry one or more substituents.

The number of substituents present on the cycle depends on the carbon condensation of the cycle and on the presence or not of unsaturations on the cycle. The maximum number of substituents likely to be carried by a cycle, is easily determined by a person skilled in the art.

In the present text, the term "several" is generally understood to mean less than 4 substituents on an aromatic ring. Examples of substituents are given below, but this list is not limiting.

The radical or radicals R, which are identical or different, preferably represent one of the following groups:. a hydrogen atom,. an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,. a linear or branched alkenyl radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl,. a linear or branched alkoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy radicals, an alkenyloxy radical, preferably an allyloxy radical or a phenoxy radical,. a cyclohexyl, phenyl or benzyl radical,. an acyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

. a radical of formula:

-R -OH -R -COOR2 -R -CHO -R -NO '2, -R -CN -R -N (R ₂ ) ₂ -R -CO-N (R ₂ ) 2 -R -X -R - ^CF 3 in said formulas, Rj represents a valential bond or a divalent, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical, having from 1 to

6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, isopropylidene; the identical or different R2 radicals represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X symbolizes a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine, bromine or fluorine atom. - two radicals R placed on two vicinal carbon atoms can form together and with the carbon atoms which carry them, a ring having from 5 to 7 atoms, possibly including another heteroatom.

When n is greater than or equal to 2, two radicals R and the 2 successive atoms of the aromatic ring can be linked together by an alkylene, alkenylene or alkenylidene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms to form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle having 5 to 7 carbon atoms. One or more carbon atoms can be replaced by another heteroatom, preferably oxygen or sulfur. Thus, the radicals R can represent a methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy radical or a methylenedithio or ethylenedithio radical.

The present invention applies very particularly to aromatic compounds corresponding to formula (I) in which the radical or radicals R represent an electron-donor group. In the present text, the term “electro-donor group” is understood to mean a group as defined by H.C. BROWN in the work of Jerry MARCH - Advanced Organic Chemistry, chapter 9, pages 243 and 244 (1985).

The aromatic compounds preferably used correspond to formula (la):

in which :

A symbolizes the remainder of a cycle forming all or part of a carbocyclic or heterocyclic, aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic system: said cyclic residue being able to carry a radical R representing a hydrogen atom or one or more electron-donating substituents, identical or different,

- n represents the number of substituents on the cycle.

As examples of preferred electron donor groups R, there may be mentioned:

. an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,

. a linear or branched alkenyl radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl,

. a cyclohexyl, phenyl or benzyl radical,. a linear or branched alkoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methoxy radicals, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, an alkenyloxy radical, preferably an allyloxy radical or a phenoxy radical,. a radical of formula:

-RT-OH -R1-N- (R ₂ ) 2 in said formulas, Rj represents a valence bond or a divalent hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example , methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, isopropylidene; the radicals R2, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

. two radicals R can be linked and form alkylenedioxy or alkylenedithio radicals, preferably a methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, methylenedithio or ethylenedithio radical. In formula (la), n is a number less than or equal to 4, preferably equal to 1 or 2.

As mentioned previously, the process of the invention applies very particularly to effect the acylation of aromatic ethers and thioethers.

The preferred formulas of said compounds are the following:

Y R '

in which :

- Y represents an oxygen or sulfur atom,

A symbolizes the remainder of a cycle forming all or part of an aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic carbocyclic system, system comprising at least one group YR ': said cyclic residue being able to carry one or more substituents,

- R represents one or more substituents, identical or different,

- R 'represents a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, which can be a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched acyclic aliphatic radical; a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic cycloaliphatic radical; a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical, carrying a cyclic substituent,

- R 'and R can form a ring optionally comprising another heteroatom, - n is a number less than or equal to 4. In the present text, we denote, in a simplified manner, by "aikoxy or thioether groups", respectively groups of the R'-O- or R'-S- type in which R 'has the meaning given above. R 'therefore represents both an acyclic or cycloaliphatic, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic aliphatic radical as well as a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical carrying a cyclic substituent.

The aromatic ether or thioether which is involved in the process of the invention corresponds to the formula (D in which R 'represents an acyclic aliphatic radical, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched. More preferably, R' represents a linear alkyl radical or branched having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms: the hydrocarbon chain can possibly be interrupted by a heteroatom (for example, oxygen), by a functional group (for example -CO- ) and / or carrying substituents (for example, one or more halogen atoms).

The acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical may optionally carry a cyclic substituent. The term “ring” is preferably understood to mean a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocyclic ring, preferably cycloaliphatic or aromatic, in particular cycloaliphatic ring comprising 6 carbon atoms in the ring or benzene.

The acyclic aliphatic radical can be linked to the ring by a valential bond, a heteroatom or a functional group and examples are given above.

The ring can be optionally substituted and, by way of examples of cyclic substituents, it is possible, among other things, to consider substituents such as R, the meaning of which is specified for the formula (! ').

R 'can also represent a saturated carbocyclic radical or comprising 1 or 2 unsaturations in the ring, generally having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 6 carbon atoms in the ring; said cycle possibly being substituted by substituents such as R.

R 'can also represent an aromatic carbocyclic radical, preferably a monocyclic radical generally having at least 4 carbon atoms, preferably 6 carbon atoms in the ring; said ring possibly being substituted by substituents such as R. In the general formula (D of aromatic ethers or thioethers, the remainder

A may represent the remainder of an aromatic, monocyclic carbocyclic compound having at least 4 carbon atoms and preferably 6 carbon atoms or the remainder of a polycyclic carbocyclic compound which may be consisting of at least 2 aromatic carbocycles and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and pericondensed systems or by at least 2 carbocycles of which at least one is aromatic and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and pericondensed. Mention may more particularly be made of a naphthalene residue.

The remainder A can carry one or more substituents on the aromatic ring.

Reference may be made to the examples of substituents given for formula (I), but this list is not limiting. Any substituent can be present on the cycle as long as it does not interfere with the desired product.

The remainder A can, inter alia, carry several aikoxy groups, it is possible according to the process of the invention to acylate polyalkoxylated compounds.

In the formula (D, R more preferably represents one of the following atoms or groups: an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,

. a linear or branched aikoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy radicals,

. a halogen atom, preferably a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, a trifluoromethyl radical.

The process of the invention applies more particularly to aromatic ethers or thioethers of formula (a):

in which :

- n is a number less than or equal to 4, preferably equal to 0 or 1,

- Y represents an oxygen or sulfur atom, - the radical R 'represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl , propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl or a phenyl radical,

- the radical or radicals R, which are identical or different, represent one of the following atoms or groups:

. a hydrogen atom, O 97/48665 PC17FR97 / 01066

10

. an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,. a linear or branched alkenyl radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl,

. a linear or branched aikoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy radicals, an alkenyloxy radical, preferably an allyloxy radical or a phenoxy radical,. a cyclohexyl, phenyl or benzyl radical,

. an acyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms,. a radical of formula:

-R-I-OH -R-I-COOR2 -R-I-CHO

-R- | -NO ₂ -RI-CN -Rï -N (R ₂ ) 2 -R ₁ -CO-N (R2) 2 -RlX

-Ri-CFg in said formulas, Rj represents a valential bond or a divalent hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, isopropylidene ; the radicals R _{2, which are} identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X symbolizes a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine, bromine or fluorine atom. - the radicals R 'and R placed on two vicinal carbon atoms can form together and with the carbon atoms which carry them, a ring having 5 to 7 atoms, possibly including another heteroatom.

When n is greater than or equal to 1, the radicals R 'and R and the 2 successive atoms of the benzene ring can be linked together and form an alkylene, alkenylene or alkenylidene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms to form a saturated heterocycle , unsaturated or aromatic having 5 to 7 atoms. One or more carbon atoms can be replaced by another heteroatom, preferably oxygen or sulfur. Thus, the radicals OR 'and R may represent a methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy radical and the radicals SR ′ and R may represent a methylenedithio or ethylenedithio radical.

In formula (a), R ′ preferably represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl or ethyl radical or a phenyl radical.

The benzene nucleus carries one or more identical or different substituents R. R preferably represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl or ethyl radical; an aikoxy radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a methoxy or ethoxy radical.

The process of the invention applies more particularly to aromatic ethers or thioethers of formula d ') or (a) in which:

- n is equal to 0 or 1,

R ′ represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical, preferably a methyl or ethyl radical,

- R represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl or ethyl radical; an aikoxy radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a methoxy or ethoxy radical.

- The radicals YR 'and R form a methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, methylenedithio or ethylenedithio radical.

By way of illustration of compounds corresponding to formula (I) or (D, there may be mentioned more particularly: - aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, fluorobenzene, chlorotoluenes, fluorotoluenes, trifluoromethoxybenzene, trichloromethoxybenzene, trifluoromethylthiobenzene,

- amino aromatic compounds such as aniline,

- phenolic compounds such as phenol, o-cresol, guaiacol, guetol, a -naphthol, β-naphthol,

- monoethers such as anisole, ethoxybenzene (phenoxy), propoxybenzene, isopropoxybenzene, butoxybenzene, isobutoxybenzene, 1-methoxynaphthalene, 2-methoxynaphthalene, 2-ethoxynaphthalene; substituted monoethers such as 2-chloroanisole, 3-chloroanisole, 2-bromoanisole, 3-bromoanisole, 2-methylanisole, 3-methylanisole, 2-ethylanisole, 3-ethylanisole, 2-isopropylanisole, 3-isopropylanisole, 2-propylanisole, 3-propylanisole, 2-allylanisole, 2-butylanisole, 3-butylanisole, 2-benzylanisole, 2-cyclohexylanisole, 1-bromo-2- ethoxybenzene, 1-bromo-3-ethoxybenzene, 1-chloro-2-ethoxybenzene, 1 - chloro-3-ethoxybenzene, 1-ethoxy-2-ethylbenzene, 1-ethoxy-3-ethylbenzene, 1- 2-methoxy-allyloxybenzene, 2,3-dimethylanisole, 2,5-dimethylanisole, - diethers such as veratrole, 1, 3-dimethoxybenzene, 1, 4-dimethoxybenzene, 1, 2-diethoxybenzene, 1 , 3-diethoxybenzene, 1, 2-dipropoxybenzene, 1, 3-dipropoxybenzene, 1, 2-methylenedioxybenzene, 1, 2-ethylenedioxybenzene,

- triethers such as 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene, 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene, 1,3,5-triethoxybenzene,

- thioethers such as thioanisole, t'o-thiocresol, m-thiocresol, p-thiocresol, 2-thioethylnaphthalene, S-phenylthioacetate, 3- (methylmercapto) aniline, phenylthiopropionate.

The compounds to which the process according to the invention applies more particularly advantageously are benzene, toluene, isobutylbenzene, anisole, phenetole, veratrole, 1, 2-methylenedioxybenzene, 2-methoxynaphthalene and thioanisole.

As regards the acylation reagent, use is made of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, halides or anhydrides, preferably anhydrides. The acylation reagent more particularly corresponds to formula (II):

in which :

- R ₃ represents:

. a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; a cycloaliphatic radical, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic, having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms; a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical, carrying a cyclic substituent,

- X 'represents:. a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine or bromine atom,

. a hydroxyl group,

. a radical -O-CO-R4 with Rφ identical or different from R3, having the same meaning as R3: R3 and R ₄ can together form a divalent aliphatic saturated or unsaturated radical, linear or branched, having at least 2 carbon atoms.

By cyclic substituent, we refer to what is described above. More preferably, R ₃ represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms: the hydrocarbon chain can possibly be interrupted by a heteroatom (for example, oxygen), by a functional group (for example -CO-) and / or carrying a substituent (for example, a halogen or a group CF ₃ ).

R ₃ preferably represents an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl. R ₃ also represents an alkenyl radical having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as in particular, methyl, propen-yl, buten-yl, penten-yl, hexen-yl, octen-yl, decen-yl.

The radical R3 also preferably represents a phenyl radical which may be optionally substituted. Any substituent can be present on the cycle as long as it does not interfere with the desired product.

As more specific examples of substituents, mention may be made, in particular:

. a linear or branched aikoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, radicals. a hydroxyl group,

. a halogen atom, preferably a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom.

The preferred acylating agents are acid anhydrides. They correspond more particularly to the formula (II) wherein R 3 and R ₄ are identical and represent an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical.

When the acylating agent is an acid halide, it preferably corresponds to formula (II) in which X 'represents a chlorine atom and R3 represents a methyl or ethyl or phenyl radical.

By way of illustration of acylating agents corresponding to formula (II), there may be mentioned more particularly:

- acetic anhydride,

- propanoic anhydride,

- butyric anhydride, - isobutyric anhydride,

- trifluoroacetic anhydride,

- benzoic anhydride.

- monochloroacetyl anhydride, - dichloroacetyl anhydride,

- acetyl chloride,

- monochloroacetyl chloride,

- dichloroacetyl chloride,

- propanoyl chloride, - isobutanoyl chloride,

- pivaloyl chloride,

- stearoyl chloride,

- crotonyl chloride,

- benzoyl chloride, - chlorobenzoyl chlorides,

- p-nitrobenzoyl chloride

- methoxybenzoyl chlorides,

- naphthoyl chlorides,

- acetic acid, - benzoic acid.

Acetic, propanoic, benzoic, monochloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl anhydride, benzoyl chloride, are the preferred acylating agents.

According to the invention, the acylation reaction is carried out in the presence of a zeolitic catalyst. By "zeolite" is meant a crystallized tectosilicate of natural or synthetic origin, the crystals of which result from the three-dimensional assembly of tetrahedral units of Siθ4 and TO4: T representing a trivalent element such as aluminum, gallium, boron, iron, preferably aluminum.

The aluminosilicate type zeolites are the most common. Zeolites present within the crystal lattice, a system of cavities linked together by channels of a well-defined diameter called pores.

Zeolites can have a network of one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional channels. In the process of the invention, use may be made of a natural or synthetic zeolite. As examples of natural zeolites which may be used, there may be mentioned, for example: chabazite, clinoptilolite, erionite, phillipsite, offerite.

Synthetic zeolites are entirely suitable for implementing the invention.

Examples of synthetic zeolites with a one-dimensional network include, among others, the zeolite ZSM-4, the zeolite L, your zeolite ZSM-12, the zeolite ZSM-22, the zeolite ZSM-23, the zeolite ZSM-48.

By way of examples of zeolites with a two-dimensional network preferably used, mention may be made of the β zeolite, mordenite, ferrierite.

With regard to the zeolites with three-dimensional lattice, one can name more particularly, the zeolite Y, the zeolite X, the zeolite ZSM-5, the zeolite ZSM-11, the offer.

We preferentially use synthetic zeolites and more particularly zeolites which are in the following forms:

- the mazzite with an Si / Ai molar ratio of 3.4,

- the zeolite L with an Si / Ai molar ratio of 1.5 to 3.5,

- mordenite with Si / Ai molar ratio of 5 to 15,

- the ferrierite of Si / Ai molar ratio from 3 to 10, - the offerite of Si / Ai molar ratio from 4 to 8.5.

- β zeolites with an Si / Ai molar ratio greater than 8, preferably between 10 and 100, and even more preferably between 12 and 50,

- Y zeolites, in particular the zeolites obtained after desalumination treatment (for example hydrotreatment, washing with hydrochloric acid or treatment with SiCl 4) and mention may more particularly be made of US-Y zeolites with a Si / molar ratio Ai greater than 3, preferably between 6 and 60;

the zeolite X of the faujasite type with an Si / Ai molar ratio of 0.7 to 1.5,

- ZSM-5 zeolites or aluminum silicalite with Si / Ai molar ratio from 10 to 500,

- The ZSM-1 1 zeolite with an Si / Al molar ratio of 5 to 30.

- the mesoporous zeolite of the MCM type, more particularly MCM-22 and MCM-41 with an Si / Al molar ratio of between 10 and 100, preferably between 15 and 40. Among all these zeolites, use is preferably made in the process of the invention to β and Y zeolites.

The zeolites used in the process of the invention are known products described in the literature [cf. Atlas of zeolites structure types by WM Meier and DH Oison published by the Structure Commission of the International Zeolite Association (1978)].

One can use commercially available zeolites or else synthesize them according to the methods described in the literature. We can refer to the aforementioned Atlas, and more particularly, for the preparation:

- from zeolite L to the publication by Barrer R. M. et al, Z. Kristallogr., 128. pp. 352 (1969)

- From the zeolite ZSM-12, to US patent 3,832,449 and to the article LaPierre et al, Zeolites 5_, pp. 346 (1985),

- from the zeolite ZSM-22, to the publication Kokotailo G.T. et al, Zeolites 5, pp. 349 (1985),

- From the ZSM-23 zeolite, to US Pat. No. 4,076,842 and to the article Rohrman A. C. et al, Zeolites £, pp. 352 (1985), - from the zeolite ZSM-48, to the work of Schlenker J. L. et al, Zeolites 5, pp.

355 (1985),

- β zeolite, to US patent 3,308,069 and to the article Caullet P. et al, Zeolites 12, pp. 240 (1992),

- from mordenite, to the works of Itabashi et al, Zeolites £, pp. 30 (1986), - from zeolites X and Y respectively to patents US 2,882,244 and US 3

130 007,

- ZSM-5 zeolite, in US patent 3,702,886 and in the article Shiralkar V. P. et al, Zeolites S, PP- 363 (1989),

- from the zeolite ZSM-11, to the work of Harrison l. D. et al, Zeolites Z, pp. 21 (1987),

- the mesoporous zeolite of the MCM type, in the article by Beck et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1L4 (27), pp. 10834-43 (1992).

The zeolite constitutes the catalytic phase. It can be used alone or mixed with a mineral matrix. In the description, the term “catalyst” will denote the catalyst produced entirely from zeolite or from a mixture with a matrix prepared according to techniques known to those skilled in the art.

To this end, the matrix can be chosen from metal oxides, such as aluminum, silicon and / or zirconium oxides, or also from clays and more particularly, kaolin, talc or montmorillonite. In the catalyst, the active phase content represents from 5 to 100% of the weight of the catalyst.

The catalysts can be in different forms in the process of the invention: powder, shaped products such as granules (for example example, extruded or balls), pellets, which are obtained by extrusion, molding, compacting or any other type of known process. In practice, on the industrial level, it is the forms of granules or beads which have the most advantages both in terms of efficiency and in terms of ease of use.

In accordance with the invention, the acylation reaction is carried out according to a process for recirculating the reaction mixture on a fixed bed of catalyst.

The first step is to mix in any way, the aromatic compound and the acylating agent. Thus, the aromatic compound and the acylating agent can be mixed in a mixing zone, then the mixture obtained is sent to the catalytic bed.

According to another variant, one of the reagents (aromatic compound or acylating agent) can be introduced and sent to the catalytic bed, then the other reagent can be added all at once or gradually when the desired reaction temperature is reached . In this mode, preferably, the aromatic compound is introduced and then the acylating agent is gradually added.

It will not depart from the scope of the invention, by introducing a mixture of reagents and then adding, at the desired temperature, one of the other two reagents so that the aromatic compound / acylating agent ratio is obtained. longed for.

The final ratio between the number of moles of aromatic compound and the number of moles of acylating agent can vary widely. Thus, the ratio can range from 0.1 to 20, and is preferably between 0.5 and 10. A preferred embodiment of the invention consists, in order to increase the yield by maintaining the activity of the catalyst, to use an excess of aromatic compound. Thus, an aromatic compound / acylating agent molar ratio is chosen equal to at least 1, preferably between 1 and 20 and even more preferably between 1 and 10. One of the reagents is generally used as reaction solvent but l The invention does not exclude the use of an organic solvent, the nature of which is determined by a person skilled in the art.

According to a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the temperature of the mixture is brought to the temperature at which the reaction is carried out. The temperature at which the acylation reaction is carried out depends on the reactivity of the starting substrate and that of the acylating agent.

It is between 20 ° C and 300 ° C, preferably between 40 ° C and 200 ° C, and even more preferably between 40 ° C and 150 ° C. The reactants are passed through a catalytic bed comprising at least one zeolite.

The amount of catalyst that is used in the process of the invention can vary within wide limits. The catalyst can represent, by weight relative to the ether or the aromatic thioether committed, from 0.01 to 50%, preferably from 1.0 to 20%.

Generally, the reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure but lower or higher pressures may also be suitable. One works under autogenous pressure when the reaction temperature is higher than the boiling point of the reactants and / or of the products.

The reaction mixture passes through the catalytic bed, preferably from bottom to top and at its outlet is returned to the reagent mixing zone in order to be recycled a number of times sufficient to obtain the conversion rate of the desired substrate, preferably, greater than 20%, and even more preferably between 50 and 100%. The substrate conversion rate is defined as the ratio between the number of moles of substrate transformed over the number of moles of substrate introduced.

The linear speed of the liquid flow over the catalytic converter advantageously varies between 0.1 and 10 cm / s, preferably between 0.1 and 5 cm / s. The residence time of the material flow on the catalytic bed varies, for example, between 15 min and 15 h, and preferably between 30 mm and 10 h.

At the end of the reaction, a liquid phase is obtained comprising the aromatic acyl compound which can be recovered in a conventional manner, by distillation or by re-installation in an appropriate solvent, after preliminary elimination of the excess reactants.

For a better understanding of the invention, there is shown in the appended FIG. 1, one of the preferred embodiments of the invention.

In the reactor (1), the aromatic compound (preferably an aromatic ether or thioether) and the acylating agent are mixed. It is a stirred or non-stirred reactor, fitted with valves for the arrival of reagents and for emptying and equipped with a heating device or provided with a double jacket allowing the heating of the mixture by circulation of a liquid to adequate temperature. Agitation, which is not compulsory, can be carried out using an Impeller® agitator (2). The aromatic compound (3) and the acylating agent (4) are introduced into the reactor (1). The reaction mixture is sent via any suitable means, in particular a centrifugal pump (5), at (6) at the bottom of a tubular reactor (7) comprising the solid zeolitic catalyst placed in a fixed bed (8).

At the outlet of the reactor (9), the reaction mixture is returned via a conduit (10) to the reactor (1) and thus circulates in a closed loop.

At the end of the reaction, the reaction mixture is recovered by draining the mixer (1) via a valve (11) not symbolized in the diagram.

The process of the invention is particularly well suited to the preparation of 4-methoxyacetophenone commonly known as acetoanisole, by acetylation of the anisole.

An advantage of the process of the invention is that the acylation reaction is carried out without O-dealkylation of the starting aromatic ether.

The examples which follow illustrate the invention without however limiting it.

In the examples, the yields mentioned correspond to the following definition: number of moles of acylated aromatic compound formed

Yield: RRA.A. =% number of moles of acylating agent introduced

EXAMPLES The operating protocol which is followed in the various examples is given below. We refer to figure 1.

In a stainless steel reactor (7), the zeolitic catalyst is charged to form the catalytic bed which rests on a thickness (- 20 mm) of glass beads as well as the top of the bed which is covered with approximately 20 mm of glass beads 5 mm in diameter.

The anisole is charged at room temperature in a 3-liter Sovirel® double jacket reactor (1); it is stirred (between 40 revolutions / min) and was circulated in a loop on the fixed bed for 15 min; the flow rate is maintained at 60 l / h throughout the duration of the reaction. There is a slight exotherm. The reaction medium is then heated using a thermostated bath, so as to have a constant temperature of 90 ° C., at the top of the catalytic bed.

When 90 ° C. is reached in the bed, the acetic anhydride is poured in 4 h, maintaining the circulation of the medium. At the end of the casting, the reaction is maintained for 3 h at 90 ° C (ie 7 h in total).

At the end of the reaction, the temperature is allowed to drop to around 60 ° C., and the installation is drained. Nitrogen is blown through the fixed bed for 20 minutes

Example 1

In this example, the acetylation of the anisole is carried out.

A catalyst is used comprising 40% of binder (alumina) and 60% of a β zeolite sold by the company PQ. The zeolite used is a zeolite with a "Sι / AI" ratio of 12.5.

It is used at a rate of 21% compared to acetic anhydride, ie 225 g.

The number of moles of anisole is 20.9 mol and that of acetic anhydride is 10.45 mol ^• the molar ratio of anisole / acetic anhydride is 2/1. The reaction temperature is 90 ° C, as mentioned above.

A yield (RR) of 4-methoxyacetophenone of 75% is determined by gas chromatography after 7 h.

Examples 2 to 5

This operation is repeated on the same catalytic bed as before, 4 times.

For each operation, the yield (RR) is respectively 68,%, 65%, 62% and 59%

Example 6

In this example, the acetylation of the veratrole is carried out. A catalyst is used comprising 20% of binder (alumina) and 80% of a Y zeolite CBV780 sold by the company PQ. It is used at a rate of 21% compared to acetic anhydride, ie 225 g.

The veratrole / anhydrous acetic molar ratio is 2/1. The reaction temperature is 90 ° C, as mentioned above.

A yield (RR) of 3,4-dιmethoxyacetophenone of 72% is determined by gas chromatography after 6 h. Example 7

In this example, toluene acetylation is carried out, as in Example 1: the difference is that the reactor is larger, ie 20 I.

A catalyst is used comprising 40% of binder (alumina) and 60% of a β zeolite sold by the company PQ.

The zeolite used is a zeolite with an "Si / Ai" ratio of 12.5.

It is used at a rate of 50% compared to acetic anhydride, ie 562 g.

The number of moles of toluene is 110 mol and that of acetic anhydride is 11.00 mol: the toluene / acetic anhydride molar ratio is 10.

The reaction temperature is 150 ° C, as mentioned above.

A yield (RR) of 4-methylacetophenone of 63% is determined by gas chromatography after 10 h.

Example 8

In this example, the acetylation of isobutylbenzene is carried out.

A catalyst is used comprising 40% of binder (alumina) and 60% of a β zeolite sold by the company PQ. The zeolite used is a zeolite with an "Si / Ai" ratio of 12.5.

It is used at a rate of 60% compared to acetic anhydride, ie 672 g.

The number of moles of isobutylbenzene is 143 mol and that of acetic anhydride is 11 mol: the isobutylbenzene / acetic anhydride molar ratio is 13. The reaction temperature is 150 ° C., as mentioned previously.

A yield (RR) of 4-isobutylacetophenone of 75% is determined by gas chromatography after 7 h.

Claims

1 - Process for the acylation of an aromatic compound, by reaction of said compound with an acylating agent, in the presence of a zeolitic catalyst characterized by the fact that it consists:

- carrying out the mixing, in any way, of the aromatic compound and of the acylating agent,

- passing said mixture over a catalytic bed comprising at least one zeolite, - subjecting the reaction mixture obtained from the catalytic converter to recirculation on a catalytic bed, in a number of times sufficient to obtain the conversion rate of the desired substrate

2 - Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the aromatic compound corresponds to the general formula (I):

in which :

- A symbolizes the remainder of a cycle forming all or part of a carbocyclic or heterocyclic, aromatic, monocychque or polycyclic system: said cyclic residue being able to carry a radical R representing a hydrogen atom or one or more substituents, identical or different ,

- n represents the number of substituents on the cycle.

3 - Method according to one of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the aromatic compound corresponds to the general formula (I) in which the residue A optionally substituted represents, the rest:

1 ° - of an aromatic, monocychque or polycyclic carbocyclic compound. 2 ° - of a heterocyclic aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic compound. 3 ° - of a compound constituted by a chain of cycles, as defined in paragraphs 1 and / or 2 linked together:. by yours,

. by an alkylene or alkyhdene radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a methylene or isopropylidene radical,. by one of the following groups:

-O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCOO- -S-, -SO-, -so ₂ -,

-N-, -CO-N-, I I

4 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the aromatic compound corresponds to the general formula (I) in which the radical or radicals R, identical or different, represent one of the following groups:. a hydrogen atom,. an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,. a linear or branched alkenyl radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl,. a linear or branched aikoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy radicals, an alkenyloxy radical, preferably an allyloxy radical or a phenoxy radical,. a cyclohexyl, phenyl or benzyl radical,. an acyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

. a radical of formula:

-R1-OH -R1-COOR2 -Rl-CHO -R- | -NO ₂

-Rl -CN

-R1 -C0-N (R2) 2

-Rl -X -R- | -CF ₃ in said formulas, R- | represents a valential bond or a divalent, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, isopropylidene; identical or different R2 radicals represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X symbolizes a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine, bromine or fluorine atom.

- two radicals R placed on two vicinal carbon atoms can form together and with the carbon atoms which carry them, a ring having from 5 to 7 atoms, possibly including another heteroatom.

5 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the aromatic compound corresponds to the general formula (I) in which when n is greater than or equal to 2, two radicals R and the 2 successive atoms of the aromatic ring may be linked together by an alkylene, alkenylene or alkenylidene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms to form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms: one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by a another heteroatom, preferably oxygen.

6 - Process according to claim 1 characterized in that the aromatic compound responds to the

in which :

A symbolizes the remainder of a cycle forming all or part of a carbocyclic or heterocyclic, aromatic, monocychque or polycyclic system: said cyclic residue being able to carry a radical R representing a hydrogen atom or one or more electron-donating substituents, identical or different,

- n represents the number of substituents on the cycle.

7 - Process according to claim 6 characterized in that the aromatic compound corresponds to the general formula (la) in which: - the radical or radicals R, which are identical or different, represent one of the following groups:

. an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,. a linear or branched alkenyl radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl, . a cyclohexyl, phenyl or benzyl radical,

. a linear or branched aikoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy radicals, an alkenyloxy radical, preferably an allyloxy radical or a phenoxy radical,

. a radical of formula:

-R1 -OH

-R ₁ -N- (R ₂ ) 2 in said formulas, R- | represents a valential bond or a divalent, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical, having from 1 to

6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropytene, isopropyhdene; the radicals R2, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, - two radicals R can be linked and form alkylenedioxy or alkylenedithio radicals, preferably a methylenedioxy radical , ethylenedioxy, methylenedithio or ethylenedithio. - n is a number less than 4; preferably equal to 1 or 2.

8 - Process according to claim 1 characterized in that the aromatic compound is an aromatic ether or thioether corresponding to the general formula

(D:

Y R '

in which: - Y represents an oxygen or sulfur atom,

- A symbolizes the remainder of a cycle forming all or part of an aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic carbocyclic system, system comprising at least one group YR ': said cyclic residue being able to carry one or more substituents, - R represents one or more substituents , identical or different,

- R 'represents a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, which can be a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched acyclic aliphatic radical; a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocychque or polycyclic cycloaliphatic radical; a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical, carrying a cyclic substituent, - R 'and R can form a cycle optionally comprising another heteroatom,

- n is a number less than or equal to 4.

9 - Process according to claim 8, characterized in that the aromatic ether or thioether corresponds to the general formula (I ') in which R' represents:

- an acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical, preferably a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms: the hydrocarbon chain can possibly be interrupted by a heteroatom, a functional group and / or carrier of substituents,

an acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical carrying a cyclic substituent optionally substituted for said acyclic radical which can be linked to the ring by a valential bond, a heteroatom or a functional group,

- a saturated carbocyclic radical or comprising 1 or 2 unsaturations in the ring, generally having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 6 carbon atoms in the ring; said ring being able to be substituted, - an aromatic carbocyclic radical, preferably monocychque generally having at least 4 carbon atoms, preferably, 6 carbon atoms in the ring; said cycle being able to be substituted.

10 - Process according to one of claims 8 and 9 characterized in that the aromatic ether or thioether corresponds to the general formula (D in which R 'represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms , preferably a methyl or ethyl radical or a phenyl radical

11 - Method according to one of claims 8 to 10 characterized in that the aromatic ether or thioether corresponds to the general formula 0 ') in which the remainder A represents the remainder of an aromatic carbocyclic compound, monocychque having at at least 4 carbon atoms and preferably 6 carbon atoms or the rest of a polycyclic carbocyclic compound, preferably a naphthalene residue - the remainder A being able to carry one or more substituents on the aromatic ring

12 - Process according to one of claims 8 to 11 characterized in that the aromatic ether or thioether corresponds to formula (a): in which :

- n is a number less than or equal to 4, preferably equal to 0 or 1, - Y represents an oxygen or sulfur atom,

- the radical R 'represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl , tert-butyl or a phenyl radical, - the radical or radicals R, which are identical or different, represent one of the following atoms or groups:

. a hydrogen atom,

. a cyclohexyl, phenyl or benzyl radical,

. a linear or branched aikoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy radicals, an alkenytoxy radical, preferably an allyloxy radical or a phenoxy radical,

. an acyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

. a radical of formula:

-R-l -OH

^"R 1 -COOR2

^"R 1 -CHO

" ^R 1 -NO ₂

-R-l -CN

- ^R 1 -N- (R ₂ ) 2

-R- | -CO-N- (R ₂ ) 2

-R-l -X

- ^R 1 -CF ₃ in said formulas, Rj represents a valential bond or a divalent, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical, having from 1 to

6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, isopropylidene; the radicals R2, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X symbolizes a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine, bromine or fluorine atom, - the radicals R 'and R placed on two vicinal carbon atoms can form together and with the carbon atoms which carry them, a cycle having 5 to 7 atoms, optionally comprising another heteroatom.

13 - Process according to claim 12 characterized in that the aromatic ether or thioether corresponds to formula (a) in which n is greater than or equal to 1, the radicals R 'and R and the 2 successive atoms of the benzene ring can be linked together and form an alkylene, alkenylene or alkenylidene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms to form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle having from 5 to 7 atoms in which one or more carbon atoms can be replaced by a heteroatom, preferably oxygen or sulfur: the radicals YR 'and R preferably forming a methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, methylenedithio or ethylenedithio radical.

14 - Process according to claims 8 to 13 characterized in that the aromatic ether or thioether corresponds to the formula 0 ') or (a) in which:

- n is equal to 0 or 1,

- R 'represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical, preferably, a methyl or ethyl radical, - R represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl or ethyl radical; an aikoxy radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a methoxy or ethoxy radical.

15 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 14 characterized in that the aromatic compound is benzene, toluene, isobutylbenzene, anisole, phenetole, veratrole, 1, 2-methyiènedioxybenzene, 2 -methoxyπaphthalene and thioanisole. 16 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 15 characterized in that the acylating agent is selected from carboxylic acids and their derivatives, halides or anhydrides, preferably anhydrides.

17 - Process according to claim 16 characterized in that the acylating agent corresponds to formula (II):

H _T ^ - X

Y

⁰ (II) in which: - R3 represents:

- X 'represents:

. a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine or bromine atom,

. a hydroxyl group,

. a radical -O-CO-R ₄ with R ₄ , identical or different from R ₃ , having the same meaning as R3: R3 and R _{4 which} can together form a divalent aliphatic saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched radical, having at least 2 carbon atoms.

18 - Process according to claim 17 characterized in that the acylating agent corresponds to formula (II) in which X 'represents a chlorine atom and R ₃ represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 atoms carbon, preferably 1 to 4 atoms: the hydrocarbon chain can be optionally interrupted by a heteroatom or by a functional group or carrier of substituents, preferably of halogen atoms, R ₃ also represents a phenyl radical; X 'represents a radical -O-CO-R4. in which R ₃ and R ₄ are identical and represent an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms optionally carrying halogen atoms or a phenyl radical.

19 - Process according to claim 17 and 18 characterized in that the acylating agent is chosen from: - acetic anhydride, - propanoic anhydride,

- butyric anhydride,

- isobutyric anhydride,

- trifluoroacetic anhydride, - benzoic anhydride.

- monochloroacetyl anhydride,

- dichloroacetyl anhydride,

- acetyl chloride,

- monochloroacetyl chloride, - dichloroacetyl chloride,

- propanoyl chloride,

- isobutanoyl chloride,

- pivaloyl chloride,

- stearoyl chloride, - crotonyl chloride,

- benzoyl chloride,

- chlorobenzoyl chlorides,

- p-nitrobenzoyl chloride

- methoxybenzoyl chlorides, - naphthoyl chlorides,

- acetic acid,

- benzoic acid.

20 - Method according to one of claims 16 to 19 characterized in that the acylating agent is acetic anhydride, propanoic, benzoic, monochloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl, benzoyl chloride.

21 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 20 characterized in that the catalyst is a natural or synthetic zeolite.

22 - Process according to claim 21 characterized in that the zeolite is a natural zeolite chosen from: chabazite, clinoptilolite, erionite, mordenite, phillipsite, offerite.

23 - Process according to claim 22 characterized in that the zeolite is a synthetic zeolite chosen from: - synthetic zeolites with a one-dimensional array such as zeohthe ZSM-4, zéohthe L, zeolite ZSM-12, zéohthe ZSM-22, zeolite ZSM-23, zéohthe ZSM-48,

- zeolites with a two-dimensional network such as the zeolite β, ta mordenite, ferrierite,

- three-dimensional lattice zeolites such as zeohthe Y, zeolite X, zeohthe ZSM-5, zeolite ZSM-11, offerite,

- the mesoporous zeolite of the MCM type.

24 - The method of claim 23 characterized in that the zeolite is a zeohthe β and Y.

25 - Method according to one of claims 21 to 24 characterized in that the zeolite is used alone or in admixture with an inorganic matrix chosen, preferably, from metal oxides, such as aluminum oxides, of silicon and / or zirconium, or also among clays and more particularly, kaolin, talc or montmoπllonite.

26 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 25 characterized in that the ratio between the number of moles of aromatic compound and the number of moles of acylating agent varies between 0.1 and 20, preferably between 0 , 5 and 10.

27 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 25 characterized in that the ratio between the number of moles of aromatic compound and the number of moles of acylating agent is equal to at least 1, preferably between 1 and 20, and even more preferably between 1 and 10.

28 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 27 characterized in that the amount of catalyst represents by weight relative to the aromatic compound engages, from 0.01 to 50%, preferably from 1.0 to 20%.

29 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 28 characterized in that the temperature at which the acylation reaction is carried out is between 20 ° C and 300 ° C, preferably between 40 ° C and 150 ° vs.

30 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 29 characterized in that the reaction is carried out under atmospheric pressure. 31 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 30 characterized in that the reaction mixture passes through the catalytic converter, preferably from bottom to top and at its outlet, is returned to the reagent mixing zone in order to be recycled a sufficient number of times to obtain the desired substrate conversion rate.

32 - Method according to claim 31 characterized in that the conversion rate is greater than 20%, and preferably between 50 and 100%.

33 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 32 characterized in that the linear speed of the liquid flow on the catalytic bed varies between 0.1 and 10 cm / s, preferably between 0.1 and 5 cm / s .

34 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 33 characterized in that the residence time of the material flow on the catalytic converter varies between 15 min and 15 h, and preferably between 30 min and 10 h.

35 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 34 characterized in that one obtains at the end of the reaction, a liquid phase comprising the acyl aromatic compound which can be recovered in conventional manner.