EP0904382A1 - Caracterisation et utilisation d'une uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase isolee - Google Patents

Caracterisation et utilisation d'une uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase isolee

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Publication number
EP0904382A1
EP0904382A1 EP97920472A EP97920472A EP0904382A1 EP 0904382 A1 EP0904382 A1 EP 0904382A1 EP 97920472 A EP97920472 A EP 97920472A EP 97920472 A EP97920472 A EP 97920472A EP 0904382 A1 EP0904382 A1 EP 0904382A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glucuronosyltransferase
uridine diphospho
leu
seq
lys
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP97920472A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alain Belanger
Dean W. Hum
Martin Beaulieu
Eric Levesque
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Endorecherche Inc
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Endorecherche Inc
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Publication of EP0904382A1 publication Critical patent/EP0904382A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
    • C12N9/1048—Glycosyltransferases (2.4)
    • C12N9/1051—Hexosyltransferases (2.4.1)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the isolation, characterization and use of a novel enzyme which belongs to a family of enzymes which catalyze the transfer of
  • UGT2B 17 novel uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) which has been found to conjugate androgenic compounds, particularly C,qSteroids.
  • UGT2B 17 novel uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase
  • UGTs The enzymes identified as UGTs are a family of enzymes which catalyze the glucuronidation process in which glucuronic acid is transferred from uridine diphospho-glucuronic acid to a wide variety of lipid soluble drugs, environmental chemicals and endogenous substances such as bilirubin. steroid hormones and thyroxine. Generally, glucuronidation occurs in the liver and kidney and is responsible for the elimination of glucuronide derivatives from the body. However. UGT activity
  • UGTl and UGT2 The UGTl family are generally known to be involved in the glucuronidation of planar and bulky phenol substrates and bilirubin. however, some members of the UGTl family can conjugate estrogens. Enzymes of the UGT2 family are divided into two subfamilies, UGT2A which includes enzymes encoded by genes expressed in the olfactory epithelium and UGT2B which includes enzymes that catalyze the glucuronidation of bile acids, C
  • the present invention relates to a novel UGT which is a member of the
  • UGT2B uridine diphospho-giucuronosyltransferase
  • UGT which has specificity for androgenic compounds, particularly C, 9 steroids compounds including androsterone (ADT), testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and androstane-3 ⁇ , 17 ⁇ - diol (3 ⁇ -DIOL): and for eugenol, 4-methylumbelliferone.
  • ADT androsterone
  • DHT dihydrotestosterone
  • DIOL androstane-3 ⁇ , 17 ⁇ - diol
  • UGT2B17 has been identified and characterized.
  • the primary protein structure UGT2B17 was found to include 530 amino acids (SEQ ID No. 2) and to have an apparent molecular weight of 53 kilodaltons (when measured by SDS-PAGE).
  • the protein is encoded by nucleotides +52 through 1644, including the stop codon (amino acids 1 through 530), numbered in the 5' to 3' direction, in the following sequence (SEQ ID No. 2)
  • AGG ATA AAA AAT ATG ATA TAT ATG CTT TAT TTT GAC TTT TGG TTT CAA 729 Arg He Lys Asn Met He Tyr Met Leu Tyr Phe Asp Phe Trp Phe Gin 215 220 225 GCA TAT GAT CTG AAG AAG TGG GAC CAG TTT TAT AGT GAA GTT CTA GGA 777 Ala Tyr Asp Leu Lys Lys Trp Asp Gin Phe Tyr Ser Glu Val Leu Gly 230 235 240
  • the open reading frame of 1590 bases is flanked by a 5'- untranslated region of 51 base pairs and a 3'- untranslated region of 463 base pairs.
  • the present invention includes methods for the synthetic production of
  • UGT2B17 as well as peptides that are biologically functionally equivalent, antibodies to UGT2B17, and uses ofthe antibodies to detect and quantify the enzyme.
  • nucleotide sequence which encodes UGT2B17 and recombinant expression vectors which include the sequence may be modified so long as they continue to encode a functionally equivalent enzyme. Moreover, it is contemplated, within the invention, that codons within the coding region may be altered, inter alia, in a manner which, given the degeneracy of the genetic code, continues to encode the same protein. It is believed that nucleotide sequences analogous to SEQ ID No. 1. or those that hybridize under stringent conditions to the coding region of SEQ ID No. 1 (or its complement), are likely to encode a UGT2B17 functionally equivalent to that encoded by the coding region of SEQ ID No. 1, especially if such analogous nucleotide sequence is at least 1500 nucleotides. and most preferably at least 1590 nucleotides in length. As
  • stringent conditions means O.lx SSC
  • tissues or cells which include steroids include a UGT2B17 sufficiently analogous to human UGT2B17 to be used in accordance with the present invention.
  • cDNA libraries prepared from cells, as described above, may be screened
  • analogous cDNAs are preferably at least 92% homologous to SEQ ID No. 1, and most preferably at least 95% homologous.
  • probes may be prepared from SEQ ID No. 1 or fragments thereof of suitable length. preferably at least 15 nucleotides in length. Confirmation with at least two distinct probes is preferred.
  • Alternative isolation strategies such as polymerase chain reaction
  • Recombinant expression vectors can include the entire coding region for UGT2B17 as shown in SEQ ID No. 1. the coding region for UGT2B17 which has been modified as discussed herein, portions of the coding region for human UGT2B17 or analogous coding regions from other animals as described above, an antisense construct
  • Isolated means having a higher purity than exists in nature, but does not require purification from a natural source.
  • Isolated nucleotides encoding UGT2B 17 may be produced synthetically, or by isolating cDNA obtained from a cDNA library prepared from mRNA encoding UGT2B17. or by any other method known in the art.
  • the invention provides an isolated nucleotide sequence encoding uridine diphospho-giucuronosyltransferase 2B17. said sequence being, sufficiently homologous to SEQ ID No. 1 or a complement thereof, to hybridize under stringent conditions to the coding region of SEQ ID No. 1 or a complement thereof and said sequence encoding an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of androsterone to androsterone-glucuronic acid.
  • the invention provides an isolated nucleotide sequence comprising at least thirty consecutive nucleotides identical to thirty consecutive nucleotides in the coding region of SEQ ID No. 1. or the complement thereof. In an additional embodiment, the invention provides a nucleotide sequence comprising nucleotides 52 to 927 of SEQ ID No. 1.
  • the invention provides a nucleotide sequence comprising nucleotides 204 to 723 of SEQ ID No. 1. In a further embodiment, the invention provides an isolated nucleotide sequence comprising SEQ ID No. 1.
  • a protein encoded by SEQ ID No. 1 is provided.
  • isolated nucleic acid which encodes SEQ ID No.
  • an isolated uridine diphospho- glucoronosyltransferase 2B17 enzyme having the same amino acid sequence as the
  • the invention provides a recombinant expression vector comprising a promoter sequence operably linked to a coding sequence encoding uridine diphospho-giucuronosyltransferase 2B17, said coding sequence being
  • SEQ ID NO. 1 and other DNA sequences encoding SEQ ID NO. 2 may be used as the coding region of a vector in accordance with the invention.
  • the invention provides host cells transformed or transfected with such vectors, and a method for producing uridine diphospho- glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 comprising the steps of preparing a recombinant host transformed or transfected with the vector of claim 3 and culturing said host under conditions which are conducive to the production of uridine diphospho- glucuronosyltransferase 2B 17 by said host.
  • the invention provides a kit for detecting
  • antibodies to uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 comprising an immobilized antigenic composition comprising uridine diphospho- glucuronosyltransferase 2B 17 or an antigenic fragment thereof and means for detecting a complex of said immobilized antigen and an antibody to said antigen.
  • kits for detecting uridine diphospho- glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 comprising an immobilized antibody composition comprising antibodies to uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 or an antigenic fragment thereof and means for detecting a complex of said immobilized
  • the invention provides antisera to purified or recombinant diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17.
  • the invention provides a method of altering the concentration of an androgenic compound in a tissue comprising the step of administering uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17.
  • the invention provides a method for detecting a localized concentration of uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B 17 comprising administering labelled antibodies to said uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B 17 and thereafter detecting said label.
  • the invention provides a method of blocking the synthesis of uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17, comprising the step of introducing a nucleotide sequence of at least 30 consecutive nucleotides in the coding region of SEQ ID No. 1 , or the complement thereof.
  • a method of altering androgenic activity in a tissue comprising the step of administering uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase
  • the invention provides a method for
  • detecting an alteration in the level of androgenic activity in a sample comprising the step of determining a concentration of uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17.
  • the invention provides a method of detecting uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 in a test sample comprising contacting
  • test sample with antibodies to uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 and measuring formation of an immunocomplex between said antibodies and said uridine diphospho-giucuronosyltransferase 2B 17.
  • the invention provides a method of detecting antibodies to uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 in a test sample comprising contacting said test sample with uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase
  • Figure 1 is a general diagram of the steroidogenesis scheme which illustrates the role of uridine glucuronosyltransferases
  • Figure 2 is a map of a pCMV vector which is exemplary of one that can be used to transfect host cells in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 3 provides the results of an assay to determine the specificity of UGT2B 17 for androgenic compounds:
  • Figures 4A and 4B are Lineweaver-Burk plots of ADT and DHT.
  • Figure 5 provides a Southern blot indicating the presence or absence of UGT2B17 in various tissues.
  • Glucuronidation is an irreversible enzymatic reaction in the pathway of steroid metabolism which is catalyzed by a uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT).
  • UGTs catalyze the conjugation of the sugar acid moiety of uridine diphospho-glucuronic acid to steroids. It is shown that the formation of steroid
  • UGT enzymes can be used to regulate the concentration of substrates in tissues.
  • a cDNA encoding the enzyme, UGT2B17, has been isolated and
  • the coding portion includes nucleotides +52 through 1644, including the stop codon (and encodes amino acids +1 through 530), numbered in the 5' to 3' direction.
  • the protein structure contains a hydrophobic signal peptide at amino acids 5
  • the leader sequence contains a positively charged lysine at position 4 and terminates with a possible cleavage site at the cysteine residue at position 23.
  • UGT2B 17 has a hydrophobic transmembrane region between amino acids 494 and 510
  • the UGT2B17 also includes three potential asparagine-1 inked glycosylation sites (NXS/T) at amino acid residues 65, 316, and 483.
  • NXS/T potential asparagine-1 inked glycosylation sites
  • ER is an estrogen receptor
  • AR is an androgen receptor
  • El is estrone
  • E2 is estradiol
  • HSD is hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
  • DHEA dehydroepiandrosterone
  • the carboxy terminal region of the enzyme which includes amino acids 290 through 530, contains a domain which is critical for the binding of uridine diphospho-glucuronic acid (UDPGA). Further, it has been shown that a domain for substrate specificity is present in the amino terminal region, particularly between amino acid residues 54 and 227.
  • UDPGA uridine diphospho-glucuronic acid
  • the UGT2B 17 enzyme can be produced by inco ⁇ orating the nucleotide sequence for the coding portion of the gene into a vector which is then transformed or transfected into a host system which is capable of expressing the enzyme.
  • the DNA can be maintained transiently in the host or can be stably integrated into the genome of the host cell.
  • any common expression vectors such as plasmids, can be used.
  • These vectors can be prokaryotic expression vectors including those derived from bacteriophage ⁇ such as ⁇ gtl 1 and ⁇ EMBL3.
  • E. coli strains such as pBR322 and Bluescript (Stratagene); or eukaryotic vectors, such as those in the pCMV family.
  • a vector inco ⁇ orating an isolated human cDNA (nucleotides 36 to 1870 of Sequence ID No. 1, ATCC Deposit No. 98228) for UGT2B17 was placed on deposit at the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC,
  • the gene may also be obtained by screening human prostate and LNCaP (a human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line) cell cDNA libraries with probes derived from all or part of SEQ ID No. 1.
  • Vectors which can be used in the practice of the invention generally include appropriate replication and control sequences which are compatible with the host system into which the vectors are transfected.
  • a promoter sequence is generally included. For prokaryotes, some representative promoters include ⁇ -lactamase. lactose, and tryptophan. In mammalian cells, commonly used promoters include, but are not limited to. adenovirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and simian virus 40 (SV40).
  • CMV cytomegalovirus
  • SV40 simian virus 40
  • the vector can also optionally include, as appropriate, an origin of replication, ribosome binding sites, RNA splice sites, polyadenylation sites, transcriptional termination sequences and/or a selectable marker. It is well understood that there are a variety of vector systems with various characteristics which can be used in the practice of the invention.
  • a map of the pCMV vector which is an example of a vector which can be used in the practice ofthe invention, is provided in Figure 2.
  • host systems which are known for expressing an enzyme, and which may be transfected with an appropriate vector which includes the gene for UGT2B17 can be used in the practice of the invention.
  • These host systems include prokaryotic hosts, such as E. coli, bacilli, such as Bacillus subtilus. and other enterobacteria. such as Salmonella, Serratia, and Pseudomonas species.
  • Eukaryotic microbes, including yeast cultures, can also be used. The most common of these is
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae although other species are commercially available and can be used. Furthermore, cell cultures can be grown which are derived from mammalian cells. Some examples of suitable host cell lines include embryonal kidney (293), SW-
  • UGT2B17 whether recombinantly produced as described herein, purified from nature, or otherwise produced, can be used in assays to identify compounds which inhibit or alter the activity of the enzyme.
  • this enzyme can be used to identify compounds which interfere with this process. It is preferred that the enzyme be obtained directly from the recombinant host, wherein following expression, a crude homogenate is prepared which includes the enzyme. A substrate ofthe enzyme, such as androsterone and a compound to be tested are then mixed with the homogenate.
  • Radioactive labels such as C' 4 or H ⁇ which can be quantitatively analyzed are particularly useful.
  • the mixture of the enzyme, test compound and substrate be allowed to incubate for a predetermined amount of time.
  • the product is separated from the substrate for easier analysis.
  • separation techniques are known, for example, thin layer chromatography (TLC), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, mass spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
  • TLC thin layer chromatography
  • HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
  • spectrophotometry gas chromatography
  • mass spectrophotometry mass spectrophotometry
  • nuclear magnetic resonance nuclear magnetic resonance
  • compositions are contacted with samples, such as body fluids or tissues which are suspected of containing UGT2B17 antibodies or UGT2B17. After contact, known methods are used to determine the extent to which antigen/antibody complexes are formed.
  • the preferred techniques for detecting the formation of antigen/antibody complexes include, but are not limited to. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • ELISA indirect fluorescence assay
  • latex agglutination latex agglutination
  • radioimmunoassay RIA
  • liposome-based assay Alternatively, a Western blot technique may be used, in which case the bands are detected by visual inspection, and substantial appearance of dark bands may be taken as a positive indication.
  • in vivo assays may be used, wherein labelled antibodies against the antigen are used to detect the presence of
  • the antigen or antibody compositions of the invention are immobilized and contacted with the sample to be tested. After washing away the sample and any antibodies or antigens which did not bind, standard methods are used to determine the extent to which the antigens and antibodies are bound.
  • the antigenic or antibody composition be immobilized using conventional techniques (e.g. ELISA).
  • ELISA e.g. ELISA
  • liposome-based assays may be used, as described in more detail below.
  • polystyrene plates for example, may be incubated with antigenic or antibody suspensions made in accordance with the invention.
  • antigens isolated as protein bands on electrophoretic gel may be transferred to a nitrocellulose sheet by known methods. See Towbin et al., Proc.
  • Bound antigens in accordance with the invention are preferably contacted with a dilute fluid which includes the sample to be tested for presence of antibody to UGT2B17.
  • the antigen and sample are preferably incubated for at least 5 to
  • rinsing proceeds with a buffer solution such as PBS T, PBS TT or Tris/T ween/Sodium chloride/azide. Multiple rinsings are preferred.
  • UGT2B17 specific antibodies bind to the immobilized antigens to create antigen/antibody complexes. All unbound antibodies are substantially removed during the rinsing procedure. Due to the high specificity of the antigens of the invenuon, antibodies which are not specific for UGT2B17 are substantially removed by the rinsing. Naturally, if the tested sample did not contain UGT2B17 specific antibodies, the immobilized antigens would be substantially free of human antibody, and subsequent testing for antigen/antibody complexes should not indicate a substantial presence of such complexes.
  • UGT2B17-specif ⁇ c antibodies should have bound to the immobilized antigens to form a large quantity of antigen/antibody complex for subsequent detection.
  • Detection of antigen/antibody complex may be achieved by a wide variety of known methods. Preferred methods include but are not limited to enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay, latex agglutination. Western blot technique or indirect immunofluorescence assay.
  • the UGT2B17-specif ⁇ c antibodies complexed with immobilized antigen are detected by contact with labelled or otherwise detectable second antibodies specific for the immunoglobulin being tested for (the anti-UGT2B17).
  • test sample is human sera, for example, the detectable second antibody is specific
  • the labelled second antibodies may be specific for any human antibody, such as IgG or IgA.
  • an IgM test using a labelled second antibody specific for IgM may be appropriate.
  • the second antibodies are preferably incubated with the immobilized antigens for about 5 minutes
  • the antigens are washed with a buffer solution (preferably multiple times) in order to remove all unbound labelled antibody.
  • the washings will remove substantially all labelled antibody except that which has bound to immunoglobulin
  • UGT2B 17-specif ⁇ c antibody substantially the only human immunoglobulin present at this point should be UGT2B 17-specif ⁇ c antibody.
  • the presence of UGT2B 17-specific antibody may be indirectly measured by determining the presence or absence ofthe labelled second antibody.
  • fluorescein-labelled antibody may be detected by scanning for emitted light at the characteristic wavelength for fluorescein.
  • an enzyme label is detected by incubation with appropriate substrate and detection of any enzymatic activity, preferably activity resulting in a color change. Such activity can be determined by visual inspection or can be read automatically by a spectrophotometer set at the appropriate wavelength.
  • the enzyme label may be horseradish peroxidase and the substrate may be H 2 O 2 and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) which
  • the positive signal may be detected when an enzyme is conjugated to the second antibody. Incubation with appropriate substrate enzymatically produces a color product in the immediate vicinity of the antigenic band resolved by this process. The presence of a reactive band may be detected by visual inspection. In an indirect immunofluorescence assay, fluorescein-labelled second antibodies may be detected by fluorescence-activated detectors, or by visual inspection.
  • a liposome-based assay may involve the presence of fluorescein, an enzyme or a substrate inside a Hposome onto whose surface UGT2B17 antigens are expressed. These liposomes are incubated with a diluted body fluid sample to be tested, and are thoroughly washed. Any liposomes with immunoglobulins on their surface forming an antigen/antibody complex may be recognized by attaching a second antibody, specific to the immunoglobulin being tested for, onto the inside walls of a polystyrene tube containing the liposomes. Liposomes having antibody bound to their surfaces will become immobilized on the tube walls, and non-immobilized will be
  • the liposomes can be lysed with, for instance, detergent, or complement, and the enzyme or substrate that was in the interior is now free to react with the complementary substrate (or enzyme) in the solution in the tube. Enzymatic activity, preferably a color change reaction could be detected by visual inspection or spectrophotometric color determination. It is also possible to use antibodies to UGT2B17 or to an antigenic portion thereof to detect antigens in a test sample. The techniques and methodology used are similar to those described above, except that antibodies are immobilized,
  • UGT2B17-specif ⁇ c test kits can be constructed for detecting antibodies or antigens using several different techniques for detection.
  • a test kit for antibody or antigen detection may include a compartmented enclosure containing a plurality of wells, plates which were coated prior to use with UGT2B 17 antigen or antibody, and
  • ELISA materials for enzyme detection, and a color change indicator.
  • a variety of enzymes and developers can be used.
  • a second test kit for detecting antibodies using the Western blot technique may be comprised of a container, cover, nitrocellulose sheet, and a
  • This Western blot analysis kit also contains peroxidase-labelled goat or rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin and a source of UGT2B 17 antigens.
  • UGT2B 17-specific test kit for detecting antibodies or antigens using the indirect immunofluorescence assay may include a compartmentai container with UGT2B17 antigens or antibodies, phosphate buffered saline and a fluorescent labelled conjugate.
  • a different UGT2B17-specific test kit for detecting antibodies or antigens uses liposomes and comprises a container, fluorescent marker- (or enzyme- or substrate-) filled Hposome with UGT2B17 antigens or antibodies on their surface, and a surface-active agent.
  • the container might be a precoated tube or well with the appropriate conjugate.
  • the extent of detection ofthe antigen/antibody complex which should be considered a positive signal depends upon the detection mean chosen, but may be defined generically as a value greater than the mean plus one ( 1 ) interval of standard
  • the gene for UGT2B17 or a portion thereof can be used to produce antisense nucleic acid sequences for inhibiting expression of UGT2B17 in vivo.
  • the activity of the enzyme and the levels of its substrates may be increased where desirable.
  • antisense nucleic acid sequences can interfere with transcription, splicing or translation processes. Antisense sequences can prevent transcription by forming a triple helix or hybridizing to an opened loop which is created by RNA polymerase or hybridizing to nascent RNA.
  • splicing can advantageously be interfered with if the antisense sequences bind at the intersection of an exon and an intron.
  • translation can be affected by blocking the binding of initiation factors or by preventing the assembly of ribosomal subunits at the start codon or by blocking the ribosome from the coding portion of the mRNA. preferably by using RNA that is antisense to the message.
  • RNA that is antisense to the message.
  • An antisense nucleic acid sequence is an RNA or single stranded DNA sequence which is complementary to the target portion of the target gene. These antisense sequences are introduced into cells where the complementary strand base pairs with the target portion of the target gene, thereby blocking the transcription, splicing or translation of the gene and eliminating or reducing the production of UGT2B17.
  • the length of the antisense nucleic acid sequence need be no more than is sufficient to interfere with the transcription, splicing or translation of functional UGT2B17.
  • Antisense strands can range in size from 10 nucleotides to the complete gene, however. about 10 to 50 nucleotides are preferred, and 15 to 25 nucleotides are most preferred.
  • the antisense is directed to the coding
  • portion of the gene or to the sequence around the translation initiation site of the mRN A or to a portion of the promoter. It is preferred to use a portion including amino acids 1 through 295 and, most preferable to use a portion which includes amino acids 54 and
  • sequences can be modified in various manners in order to increase the effectiveness ofthe treatment.
  • sequences can be modified to include additional RNA on the 3' end of the RNA which can form a hai ⁇ in-loop structure and thereby prevent degradation by nucleases.
  • chemical linkages in the backbone of the oligonucleotides can be modified to prevent cleavage by nucleases.
  • UGT2B17 in the opposite orientation in a vector so that the RNA which is transcribed from the plasmid is complementary to the mRNA transcribed from the cellular gene.
  • a strong promoter such as pCMV. is generally included in the vector, upstream of the gene sequence, so that a large amount of the antisense RNA is produced and is available for binding sense mRNA.
  • the vectors are then transfected into cells which are then
  • Radioinert steroids were purchased from Steraloids Inc. (Wilton, NH). [9,11-TTJ androsterone (59 Ci/mmol), [9,11- 3 H] androstane-3 ⁇ , 17 ⁇ -diol (56 Ci/mmol) and
  • Ci/mmol Ci/mmol
  • ⁇ -["P]-dCTP 3000 Ci/mmol
  • ⁇ -[ 32 P]-dUTP 3000 Ci/mmol
  • RNA Isolation Total RNA was isolated from human liver, adipose tissue, skin, placenta, benign prostate hype ⁇ lasia tissue (BPH) and LNCaP cells according to the Tri reagent acid phenol protocol as specified by the supplier (Molecular Research Center Inc.. Cincinnati, OH). The mRNAs obtained from human prostate hype ⁇ lastic tissue (BPH) and LNCaP cells were affinity purified by chromatography through oligo(dT)-cellulose (Pharmacia, Milwaukee, WI). cDNA Isolation. Affinity purified BPH and LNCaP cell mRNAs were used to construct cDNA libraries in the ZAP Express vector as specified by the supplier
  • UGT2B15 cDNAs The cDNA probes were radiolabelled by the random primer technique in the presence of [ ⁇ - 12 P]dCTP. The filters were washed twice in 2X SSC.
  • the pBK-CMV-UGT2B 17 construct was then transcribed in vitro using T3 polymerase and the resulting transcript was translated using a rabbit reticulocyte system.
  • the expressed protein was found to have a molecular weight of 53 kilodaltons.
  • Glucuronidation Assay Using Cell Homogenates. HK293 ceils expressing UGT2B17 were suspended in a Tris buffered saline containing 0.5 mM DTT and were homogenized using a Brinkman polytron. Enzyme assays were performed using [ U C] UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGP), 500 ⁇ M of the various aglycones and 150
  • the enzyme assays were terminated by adding 100 ⁇ l of methanol. and the tubes were centrifuged at 14.000 g for 1 minute to remove the precipitated proteins. 100 ⁇ l of the aqueous phase was applied onto thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates (0.25 mm thick silica gel, 60 F 254 S) (EM Science, Gibbstown. NJ) and then was chromatographed in a solvent of toluene:methanol:acetic acid in the proportion of 7:3:1. The TLC plates were exposed for four days and the extent of glucuronidation was measured by Phosphorimager (Molecular Dynamics).
  • TLC thin layer chromatography
  • UGT2B17 in which the substrate was exposed to 6 ⁇ M of [ ,4 C]UDPGA and 94 ⁇ M of unlabelled UDPGA for 16 hours at 30°C.
  • the compounds which demonstrated reactivity to UGT2B17 in the screening assay were subsequently reassayed to determine the amount of enzyme activity.
  • the substrate was exposed to 6 ⁇ M [14C]
  • the enzyme reaction is linear for 30 minutes at these conditions when the Km of UDPGA is 200 ⁇ M. No glucuronidation activity was detected in nontransfected HK293 cells.
  • the enzymatic activity of UGT2B17 was evaluated by transfecting HK293 cells with vectors which included the gene encoding UGT2B17.
  • the HK293 cell homogenate containing the stably expressed UGT2B17 was analyzed for aglycon specificity using TLC.
  • Table 1 over sixty endogenous and exogenous substances were tested for activity and of these, it was found that 25 compounds were glucuronidated by UGT2B17. There was no glucuronidation ofthe compounds in the control HK293 cell homogenates which did not contain the UGT2B17 protein.
  • testosterone and its 5 ⁇ -reduced metabolites are the preferred substrates for UGT2B 17 glucuronidation.
  • 3 ⁇ -DIOL and testosterone is similar based on their Km values.
  • Figure 5 provides a Southern blot of a specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and shows some ofthe tissues in which the UGT2B 17 transcript is detectable.
  • RT-PCR reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
  • the conversion of endogenous and exogenous compounds to glucuronide derivatives can be used to control the levels of substrates. Further, since the levels of UGT2B17 correlate with levels of androgen. a measure ofthe concentration of UGT2B17 can be used to control the conversion of endogenous and exogenous compounds to glucuronide derivatives. Further, since the levels of UGT2B17 correlate with levels of androgen. a measure ofthe concentration of UGT2B17 can be used to
  • UGT2B17 fusion protein Production and purification of a UGT2B17 fusion protein to make antisera.
  • a 29-kDa protein from amino acid sequence between 57 to 300 of UGT2B17 enzyme HincII-SpcI fragment from UGT2B17 cDNA was subcloned into the pET23a (Novagen. WI) prokaryotic expression vector.
  • the E. coli BL21 cells Novagen. WI
  • HK293-UGT2B17 cells and from treated LNCaP cells were purified using a standard method, ten micrograms of each microsomal protein and one hundred nanograms of the E. c ⁇ li BL21 pLys S (Novagen) strain
  • expressing or not the fusion protein were separated on a 12% SDS- PAGE gel.
  • the gel was transferred onto a nitrocellulose filter and probed with a dilution 1 :2000 of the rabit antiserum.
  • Antirabbit IgG horse peroxidase conjugates (Amersham. Oakville. Canada) was used as secondary antibodies, and the recognized proteins were then visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence (Renaissance, Quebec. Canada) and exposed on a hyperfilm for 1 h (Kodak Corp.. Rochester. NY).
  • E. coli BL21 (pLys S) cell lysate containing the recombinant UGT2B17 fusion protein were used to demonstrate the reactivity ofthe polyclonal antibody.
  • LNCaP cells were transfected with UGT2B17 in the presence of a reporter construct controlled by an androgen response element so as the expression of the reporter gene is indicative of androgenic activity.
  • the presence of the transfected UGT2B17 lead to a decreased expression ofthe reporter gene thereby indicating that UGT2B17 conjugates androgens and terminates the androgen response.
  • GENERAL INFORMATION d) APPLICANT: Endorecherche Inc. BEAULIEU, Martin LEVESQUE, Eric HUM, Dean BELANGER, Alain di) TITLE OF INVENTION: CHARACTERIZATION AND USE OF AN ISOLATED URIDINE DIPHOSPHO-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE (m) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 2
  • AGA CCC ACT ACA TTA TTT GAG ACA ATG GGG AAA GCT GAA ATG TGG CTC 82 Ar ⁇ Pro Thr Thr Leu Phe Glu Thr Met Gly Lys Ala Glu Met Trp Leu 245 250 255 ATT CGA ACC TAT TGG GAT TTT GAA TTT CCT CGC CCA TTC TTA CCA AAT 873 lie Ar ⁇ Thr Tyr Trp Asp Phe Glu Phe Pro Ar ⁇ Pro Phe Leu Pro Asn 260 265 270

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Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à une uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransférase (UGTB217). L'invention concerne des procédés de production de cette enzyme et de son utilisation relative à l'identification de composés susceptibles d'inhiber ou de modifier l'activité de ladite enzyme. L'invention se rapporte également à des procédés d'utilisation d'anticorps pour localiser cette protéine, ou d'utilisation de la séquence d'un gène ou de parties de cette séquence pour la fabrication de sondes, ou d'utilisation de la séquence d'un gène pour produire des fragments d'ADN antisens ou signifiants, à effet perturbateur d'expression, de cette séquence ou de l'ARN antisens.
EP97920472A 1996-05-17 1997-05-16 Caracterisation et utilisation d'une uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase isolee Withdrawn EP0904382A1 (fr)

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US64931996A 1996-05-17 1996-05-17
US649319 1996-05-17
PCT/CA1997/000328 WO1997044466A1 (fr) 1996-05-17 1997-05-16 Caracterisation et utilisation d'une uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase isolee

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US6395481B1 (en) * 1999-02-16 2002-05-28 Arch Development Corp. Methods for detection of promoter polymorphism in a UGT gene promoter
WO2001079468A2 (fr) * 2000-04-13 2001-10-25 Incyte Genomics, Inc. Enzymes metabolisant les medicaments
CA2423694A1 (fr) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-04 Incyte Genomics, Inc. Transferases
US6383789B1 (en) 2001-03-22 2002-05-07 Pe Corporation (Ny) Isolated human UDP-glycosyltransferase, nucleic acid molecules encoding human UDP-glycosyltransferase, and uses thereof
US7033790B2 (en) 2001-04-03 2006-04-25 Curagen Corporation Proteins and nucleic acids encoding same
WO2003005812A2 (fr) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-23 The Salk Institute For Biological Studies Modulation du metabolisme de steroides et de xenobiotiques
US20040203034A1 (en) * 2003-01-03 2004-10-14 The University Of Chicago Optimization of cancer treatment with irinotecan
US7807350B2 (en) * 2003-05-30 2010-10-05 The University Of Chicago Methods for predicting irinotecan toxicity
US20090247475A1 (en) * 2004-03-05 2009-10-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods and compositions relating to pharmacogenetics of different gene variants in the context of irinotecan-based therapies
EP1790343A1 (fr) * 2005-11-11 2007-05-30 Emotional Brain B.V. Compositions pharmaceutiques et leur utilisation pour le traitement des dysfonctions sexuelles chez la femme
GB0610498D0 (en) * 2006-05-26 2006-07-05 Univ York Modified molecule
US11131677B2 (en) 2018-04-10 2021-09-28 University Of Washington Methods for treating testosterone deficiency in men and methods for precise dosing of UGT2B17 substrate drugs
CN109913480B (zh) * 2019-03-21 2022-05-31 临沂大学 一种蝗虫尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶基因及其应用

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US5417978A (en) 1993-07-29 1995-05-23 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Liposomal antisense methyl phosphonate oligonucleotides and methods for their preparation and use

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US6287834B1 (en) 2001-09-11
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WO1997044466A1 (fr) 1997-11-27
JP2000511046A (ja) 2000-08-29

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