EP0903401A1 - Antimicrobial additive for washing agents - Google Patents

Abstract

Granulated additive for laundry detergent contains a swellable foliated silicate (I), an antimicrobial agent (II) and a surfactant (III). An Independent claim is also included for the production of the additive.

Description

The present invention relates to an antimicrobial detergent additive, process for its production and a detergent containing this detergent additive.

Textile fiber materials can be made antimicrobial in various ways, so e.g. during the washing process. Unfortunately, antimicrobial agents are susceptible to oxidation against the bleach components present in the detergent, e.g. Perborates, so that the antimicrobial effect of such a detergent deteriorates significantly can become or even have no effect.

The present invention was therefore based on the object of an antimicrobial detergent additive to find the oxidation stable to the other detergent components remains and thus gives the detergent overall good storage stability and at the same time causes the antimicrobial effect to be fully developed during the washing process.

Surprisingly, it was found that a detergent additive in agglomerate form (Granular form) which, in addition to the antimicrobial active substance, has at least one swellable Layered silicate and a surfactant contains these requirements, i.e. the in this Antimicrobial active substance contained in the detergent additive is protected against oxidizing agents and after the agglomerate has dissolved in the wash liquor. Of the With good mechanical stability, the detergent additive has a high storage stability, disintegrates well in water, and the antimicrobial active substance lies in the washing process homogeneous distribution.

The present invention therefore relates to a detergent additive in agglomerate form, which is characterized in that it has at least one swellable layered silicate, contains an antimicrobial active substance and a surfactant.

The detergent additive may contain, in addition to the swellable layered silicate, the antimicrobial active substance and the surfactant an alkali salt, e.g. Alkali sulfate, alkali carbonate or alkali (poly) phosphate.

(a) 5 bis 60 Gew.% quellfähiges Schichtsilikat;

(b) 5 bis 35 Gew.% Tensid;

(c) 0,1 bis 20 Gew.% einer antimikrobiellen Wirksubstanz; und

(c) 0 bis 60 Gew.% Alkalisalz.

The detergent additive according to the invention preferably contains

(a) 5 to 60% by weight of swellable layered silicate;

(b) 5 to 35 wt% surfactant;

(c) 0.1 to 20% by weight of an antimicrobial active substance; and

(c) 0 to 60 wt% alkali salt.

The swellable layered silicate is preferably a natural or synthetic clay mineral or a synthetic layered sodium silicate. The swellable clay mineral is preferably montmorillonite, beidelite, saponite or hectorite.

Particularly finely ground bentonite is used as layer silicate. Bentonite contains montmorillonite as its main mineral, which is a swellable dioctahedral natural layered silicate of the formula Na _0.66 (OH) ₄ Si ₈ (Al _{3.34Mg 0.66} ) O ₂₀ represents. One layer is composed of three sub-elements, with two tetrahedral layers with Si as the central atom enclosing an octahedron layer with Al as the central atom. As can be seen from the general formula, Al ^{3+ is} partly isomorphically replaced by Mg ²⁺ . The resulting excess charge is balanced between the layers by Na ⁺ or Ca ²⁺ . The montmorillonite can be used in the sodium or calcium form or in the form of a calcium montmorillonite exchanged with Na ⁺ .

The bentonite powder preferably has a residual moisture content of about 10% by weight and a sieve residue of a maximum of 30% to 45µm.

In addition to these natural minerals, synthetically produced clay minerals can also be used from the groups mentioned above, such as synthetic layered sodium silicates (e.g. the commercial product SKS 6 from Hoechst AG).

The layered silicate is preferably used in an amount of 10 to 50% by weight, in particular 30 up to 50% by weight.

The swellable layered silicates have the property of swelling within crystals polar agents intercalate between the silicate lamellae, which can be seen at higher concentrations noticeable in an increase in the layer spacing.

The surfactant used according to the invention is preferably an anionic or nonionic Surfactant.

• sauren Ester oder deren Salze von Alkylenoxidaddukten der Formel
  
  worin
• X den Säurerest einer anorganischen, Sauerstoff enthaltenden Säure, wie z.B. Schwefelsäure oder vorzugsweise Phosphorsäure, oder auch den Rest einer organischen Säure und
• Y C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Aryl oder Aralkyl bedeuten,
• "Alkylen" für den Ethylenrest oder Propylenrest steht, und
• m 1 bis 4 und
• n 4 bis 50 sind;
• Polystyrolsulfonate,
• Fettsäuretauride,
• alkylierten Diphenyloxid-mono- oder di-sulfonate,
• Sulfonate von Polycarbonsäureestern,
• mit einer organischen Dicarbonsäure, oder einer anorganischen mehrbasischen Säure in einen sauren Ester übergeführte Anlagerungsprodukte von 1 bis 60, vorzugsweise 2 bis 30 Mol, Ethylenoxid und/oder Propylenoxid an Fettamine, Fettamide, Fettsäuren oder Fettalkohole je mit 8 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen oder an drei- bis sechswertige Alkanole mit 3 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen,
• Ligninsulfonate und
• Formaldehyd-Kondensationsprodukte ausgewählt sind.

As anionic surfactants, preference is given to compounds which come from the group of

• acidic esters or their salts of alkylene oxide adducts of the formula
  
  wherein
• X is the acid residue of an inorganic, oxygen-containing acid, such as sulfuric acid or preferably phosphoric acid, or the rest of an organic acid and
• YC ₁ -C ₁₂ alkyl, aryl or aralkyl,
• "Alkylene" represents the ethylene radical or propylene radical, and
• m 1 to 4 and
• n is 4 to 50;
• Polystyrene sulfonates,
• Fatty acid aurides,
• alkylated diphenyl oxide mono- or disulfonates,
• Sulfonates of polycarboxylic acid esters,
• adducts of 1 to 60, preferably 2 to 30 mol, ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with fatty amines, fatty amides, fatty acids or fatty alcohols each with 8 to 22 carbon atoms or with three to three carbon atoms converted into an acidic ester with an organic dicarboxylic acid or an inorganic polybasic acid to hexavalent alkanols with 3 to 6 carbon atoms,
• Lignin sulfonates and
• Formaldehyde condensation products are selected.

R

einen Kohlenwasserstoffrest von 10 bis 18, insbesondere 12 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen; oder einen Rest der Formel (2a)

EO

eine Ethylenoxidgruppe;

Y₁

C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Aryl oder Aralkyl;

m₁

1 bis 4;

und

y

eine Zahl von 2 bis 20, insbesondere von 3 bis 10;

bedeuten.Preferred nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol ethoxylates of the formula (2) RO- (EO) _y -H, considering where

R

a hydrocarbon radical of 10 to 18, in particular 12 to 18, carbon atoms; or a radical of the formula (2a)

EO

an ethylene oxide group;

Y ₁

C ₁ -C ₁₂ alkyl, aryl or aralkyl;

m ₁

1 to 4;

and

y

a number from 2 to 20, in particular from 3 to 10;

mean.

• Alkylenoxidaddukte an gesättigte oder ungesättigte 1-6-wertige aliphatische Alkohole, Fettsäuren, Fettamine, Fettamide, Diamine und Sorbitanester,
• Alkylenoxid-Kondensationsprodukte (Blockpolymerisate),
• Polymerisate von Vinylpyrrolidon, Vinylacetat oder Vinylalkohol und
• Co- oder Terpolymere von Vinylpyrrolidon mit Vinylacetat und/oder Vinylalkohol erfindungsgemäss eingesetzt werden.

Can also be used as nonionic surfactants

• Alkylene oxide adducts with saturated or unsaturated 1-6-valent aliphatic alcohols, fatty acids, fatty amines, fatty amides, diamines and sorbitan esters,
• Alkylene oxide condensation products (block polymers),
• Polymers of vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and
• Copolymers or terpolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with vinyl acetate and / or vinyl alcohol are used according to the invention.

Mixtures of the above-mentioned anionic and nonionic can also be used Surfactants are produced and used according to the invention.

R

C₁₂-C₁₅-Alkyl; oder einen Rest der Formel (2a); und

y

3 bis 10;

bedeuten.Nonionic surfactants of the formula (2) are preferably used, in which

R

C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl; or a radical of the formula (2a); and

y

3 to 10;

mean.

The fatty alcohol ethoxylates are stored between the layers. The non-ionic Surfactants in which the antimicrobial active substances are soluble favor them Transport between the lamellae of the swellable layered silicate. The antimicrobial Active substances are intercalated between the lamellae of the layered silicate and so before protected from reaction with other detergent ingredients.

Layered silicates intercalated with surfactants and the antimicrobial active ingredient in Granulate form swell in water and give the tensides and antimicrobial active substance the solution in water free. Due to the swelling effect of the layered silicate agglomerate in Water the agglomerates are blown up and distributed in the water.

worin

X

Sauerstoff, Schwefel oder -CH₂-,

Y

Chlor oder Brom,

Z

SO₂H,NO₂ oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl,

r

0 bis 3,

o

0 bis 3,

p

0 oder 1,

m

0 oder 1 und

n

0 oder 1 bedeuten, in Betracht.

The antimicrobial active substances are preferably compounds of the formula

wherein

X

Oxygen, sulfur or -CH ₂ -,

Y

Chlorine or bromine,

Z.

SO ₂ H, NO ₂ or C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl,

r

0 to 3,

O

0 to 3,

p

0 or 1,

m

0 or 1 and

n

0 or 1 mean.

X

Sauerstoff, Schwefel oder -CH₂- und

Y

Chlor oder Brom,

m

0,

n

0 oder 1,

o

1 oder 2,

r

1 oder 2 und

p

0

bedeuten.Compounds of the formula (3) in which

X

Oxygen, sulfur or -CH ₂ - and

Y

Chlorine or bromine,

m

0,

n

0 or 1,

O

1 or 2,

r

1 or 2 and

p

0

mean.

worin

X

-O- oder -CH₂-;

m

1 bis 3; und

n

1 oder 2;

bedeuten.Particularly interesting diphenyl ethers correspond to the formula

wherein

X

-O- or -CH ₂ -;

m

1 to 3; and

n

1 or 2;

mean.

oder die Verbindung der Formel

(Diclosan).The compound -2,4,4'-trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether (triclosan) is very particularly preferred, according to the formula

or the compound of the formula

(Diclosan).

Furthermore, phenol derivatives, benzyl alcohols, chlorhexidine, C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ alkyl betaines, C ₈ -C ₁₈ fatty acid amido alkyl betaines, amphoteric surfactants, trihalocarbanilides and quaternary ammonium salts can be used as antimicrobial active substance in the detergent additive according to the invention. Such antimicrobial active substances are described in detail, for example, in EP-A-0,777,717 and WO 97/46218.

The detergent additive according to the invention can be one or a mixture of several contain antimicrobial active substances.

Alkali salts include, in particular, alkali sulfate, alkali carbonate or alkali (poly) phosphate in the form of their sodium or potassium salts. Is very particularly preferred Sodium sulfate.

The alkali salt fulfills several functions: if the layered silicate is agglomerated with the surfactant, this gives a soft agglomerate that becomes sticky with increasing surfactant content, that is not free-flowing and not capable of ensiling. Due to the presence of the alkali salt the mechanical stability of the agglomerate is improved and its stickiness reduced. In addition, the alkali salt in the detergent is desirable as a builder component. The Alkali salt is preferably used in amounts of approximately 10 to 40% by weight, in particular approximately 12 up to 30% by weight.

Because of the hygroscopic properties of the surfactant, the agglomerate particles of the detergent additive according to the invention preferably with synthetic zeolite or layered sodium silicate are encased, thereby increasing the flowability of the agglomerate particles is improved. The coating with zeolite or layered sodium silicate further improves the whiteness of the agglomerate.

The agglomerate preferably has a bulk density of more than 700 g / l and is due to This high bulk density is compatible with highly concentrated, high density detergents.

(a) die antimikrobielle Wirksubstanz als wässrige Dispersion gleichzeitig mit dem Tensid zu dem Schichtsilikat gibt oder

(b) mindestens einen Teil der antimikrobiellen Wirksubstanz zuvor in dem Tensid löst und die Lösung dem Schichtsilicat zusetzt.

The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the detergent additive described above in agglomerate form. The process is characterized in that one

(a) the antimicrobial active substance is added to the layered silicate as an aqueous dispersion simultaneously with the surfactant or

(b) previously dissolves at least part of the antimicrobial active substance in the surfactant and the solution is added to the layered silicate.

The swellable layered silicate is preferably mixed before the antimicrobial is added Active substance / surfactant with the alkali salt.

The powder components can e.g. in an intensive mixer, e.g. in an Eirich mixer be mixed together. Subsequently, the antimicrobial active substance (preferably as an aqueous dispersion) and the surfactant under Whirling is added to the powder component. This forms an agglomerate which at low mixing speed with the zeolite or a layered Sodium silicate is powdered. The resulting agglomerate is sieved and can pass through Addition of further zeolite (in particular zeolite P) or layered sodium silicate coated in powder form on the surface to reduce stickiness.

The agglomerate obtained is readily dispersible in water. The antimicrobial active substance is protected from the oxidizing agents contained in the detergent and after the dissolution of the agglomerate is available in the wash liquor.

The present invention further relates to a detergent containing the above Detergent additive described in addition to conventional detergent components, such as anionic and non-ionic surfactants, builders (builders), polymers (co-builders), Graying inhibitors, bleaches and bleach activators, enzymes, foam inhibitors, optical brighteners and fragrances and / or dyes.

The preferred manufacturing process is described below.

The powdered layered silicate and the powdered sodium salt become intense premixed. With intensive swirling of the powder mixture, the surfactant or a Solution of the surfactant added. At the same time, the antimicrobial active substance becomes a Mixture of different antimicrobial active substances as an aqueous dispersion (slurry) admitted. Alternatively, a solution of the antimicrobial active substance in one Surfactant solution can be added to the powder mixture.

If the antimicrobial active substance is added as an aqueous dispersion, it agglomerates the mixture at a water content of about 20 to 30% by weight, based on the total mixture. After a mixing time of approx. 2 to 5 minutes, an agglomerate is obtained which is in a suitable dryer, preferably in a fluid bed dryer to a residual water content from about 2 to 15% by weight, preferably from about 5 to 10% by weight becomes. The agglomerate obtained is sieved to a particle size of about 0.2 to 2.5 mm, preferably sieved from 0.5 to 1.7 mm. The fraction becomes <0.2 mm fed back to the agglomeration. The resulting coarse grain is crushed with a roller crusher crushed and placed again on the screening plant.

If part of the antimicrobial active substance with the surfactant is added to the powder mixture, first the antimicrobial active substance in powder form is dissolved in the surfactant. The weight ratio between surfactant and antimicrobial active substance can be 15: 2 to 4:10, preferably 10: 3 to 10: 8. The solution or dispersion of the antimicrobial Active substance in the surfactant is added to the powder with intensive swirling, whereby at the same time, further portions of the antimicrobial active substance were added in aqueous dispersion become.

After a mixing time of approx. 2 to 5 minutes, an agglomerate forms, which however can be a bit sticky due to the presence of the surfactant and therefore cause caking tends. By adding approx. 0.5 to 5% by weight of a synthetic zeolite or a fine-grained one Sodium silicate (e.g. of the commercial product SKS 6 from Hoechst AG) during The last 30 seconds of the agglomeration process will make the agglomerate sticky reduced so far that the agglomerate dried in the fluid bed and as described, can be screened.

As an additional step, the screened agglomerate can be placed in a drum mixer (e.g. a drum mixer from Telschig) or a granulating plate. Then about 3 to 15% by weight, preferably about 5 to 10% by weight, of a synthetic Zeolite or a synthetic layered silicate in fine-grained form. The average particle size of this powder should preferably be <20 μm, in particular 3 to 10 μm be. When the agglomerate is mixed with the powder, the powder settles on the powder outer surface of the agglomerate.

The detergent additive according to the invention thus produced has a bulk density which is greater than 700 g / l, so that it is compatible with detergents with a high bulk density. By the swelling effect of the layered silicate contained in the detergent additive disintegrate Agglomerates quickly in water. The active components surfactant and antimicrobial active substance are therefore available in the detergent. Due to the presence of layered silicate and alkali salt the agglomerate is mechanically stable. The agglomerate can be subsequently Add detergent, which makes up essential parts of the detergent production system not be contaminated with the antimicrobial active substance.

Another advantage of the detergent additive according to the invention is that the application to a carrier the dosing accuracy of the active substance in the production of detergents is increased.

The following examples illustrate the invention without restricting it to them.

Production of the detergent additive according to the invention Example 1 :

60 g Bentonite with 20.0 g Sodium sulfate (anhydrous) mixed in a blender with a blender for approx. 2 min. A solution is left out within a minute 20.1 g Add a 15% solution of triclosan in C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ oxo alcohol ethoxylate with 5 ethylene oxide units. The partly granular mixture is mixed well for approx. 1.5 minutes in the mixer, where it heats up considerably. Now you give 8.1 g Deionized water is added dropwise through the hole in the mixer glass and mixes the mass well. A grayish granulate is formed.

The sample is dried for 4 hours at 65 ° C in a vacuum and then over 3 sieves sieved with mesh sizes of 2, 1 and 0.5 mm.

Example 2

60 g Bentonite with 20.0 g Sodium sulfate (anhydrous) mixed in a blender with a blender for approx. 2 min. A solution is left out within a minute 20.1 g dropwise a 15% solution of triclosan in nonylphenyl ethoxylate with 6.5 ethylene oxide units. The partly granular mixture is mixed well for approx. 1.5 minutes in the mixer, where it heats up considerably. Now you give 5.4 g Deionized water is added dropwise through the hole in the mixer glass and mixes the mass well. A grayish granulate is formed.

The sample is dried for 4 hours at 65 ° C in a vacuum and then over 3 sieves sieved with mesh sizes of 2, 1 and 0.5 mm.

Example 3

60 g Bentonite with 20.0 g Sodium sulfate (anhydrous) mixed in a blender with a blender for approx. 2 min. A solution is left out within a minute 20.1 g Add a 15% solution of triclosan in C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ oxo alcohol ethoxylate with 5 ethylene oxide units. The partly granular mixture is mixed well for approx. 1.5 minutes in the mixer, where it heats up considerably. Now you give 8.1g Deionized water is added dropwise through the hole in the mixer glass and mixes the mass well. A grayish granulate is formed.

The sample is dried for 4 hours at 65 ° C in a vacuum and then over 3 sieves sieved with mesh sizes of 2, 1 and 0.5 mm.

Example 4

60 g Bentonite with 20.0 g Sodium sulfate (anhydrous) mixed in a blender with a blender for approx. 2 min. A solution is left out within a minute 20.0 g dropwise a 15% solution of triclosan in nonylphenyl ethoxylate with 6.5 ethylene oxide units. The partly granular mixture is mixed well for approx. 1.5 minutes in the mixer, where it heats up considerably. Now you give 5.4 g Deionized water is added dropwise through the hole in the mixer glass and mixes the mass well. A grayish granulate is formed.

The sample is dried for 4 hours at 65 ° C in a vacuum and then over 3 sieves sieved with mesh sizes of 2, 1 and 0.5 mm.

Examples 5 to 10: The procedure is as described in Examples 1 to 4, but the following compounds are used instead of triclosan: example antimicrobial active substance 5 Diclosan (compound of formula (6)) 6 2,4-dichlorophenol 7 Dichlorophene 8th Dichlorobenzyl alcohol 9 Chlorhexidine 10th Coconut fatty acid C ₈ -C ₁₈ amidopropyl betaine

Example 11: Determination of the oxidation stability of triclosan in various triclosan-bentonite compound / detergent mixtures

Implementation : The detergent additives prepared in Examples 1 to 4 are used to prepare a detergent formulation.

x %

Waschmittelzusatz

12 %

Na-Perborat x 1 H₂O

3 %

TAED

ad 100% ECE (= Standardwaschmittel der Firma Henkel)The individual detergent additives are dry mixed with a standard detergent mixture, as well as a reference mixture Triclosan / standard detergent. The detergents thus produced have the following composition:

x%

Detergent additive

12%

Na perborate x 1 H ₂ O

3%

TAED

ad 100% ECE (= standard detergent from Henkel)

This detergent has the following composition (%): Linear Na alkyl benzene sulfonate 8.0 Mg silicate 1.9 Tallow alcohol tetradecane ethylene glycol ether 2.9 Carboxymethyl cellulose 1.2 Na soap 3.5 EDTA 0.2 Na triphosphate 43.8 Na sulfate 21.2 Na silicate 7.5 water 9.8

0.15 %

Triclosan

12 %

Na-Perborat x 1 H₂O

3 %

TAED

ECE

ad 100%.

The reference mixture has the following composition

0.15%

Triclosan

12%

Na perborate x 1 H ₂ O

3%

TAED

ECE

ad 100%.

The target content of triclosan in the detergent compositions was determined analytically before the start of the test. Detergent additive according to the example Amount [%] Triclosan starting value [%] Triclosan after 4 weeks / 60 ° C [%] 1 5.8 0.16 0.07 2nd 6.2 0.17 0.08 3rd 7.3 0.20 0.13 4th 8.1 0.21 0.13 reference - 0.15 0.006

The results show that those containing the detergent additive according to the invention Detergent significantly higher concentrations of antimicrobial active substance (triclosan) have and are therefore much more stable than detergents that the antimicrobial Active substance tel. source. contain.

Claims (16)

Detergent additive in agglomerate form, characterized in that it is at least contains a swellable layered silicate, an antimicrobial active substance and a surfactant. Detergent additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally has a Contains alkali salt. Detergent additive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it (a) 5 to 60% by weight of swellable layered silicate; (b) 5 to 35 wt% surfactant; (c) 0.1 to 20% by weight of an antimicrobial active substance; and (c) 0 to 60% by weight alkali salt; contains. Detergent additive according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it as a swellable layered silicate, a natural or synthetic clay mineral or contains synthetic layered sodium silicate. Detergent additive according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the Layered silicate is used in an amount of 10 to 50% by weight. Detergent additive according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the Surfactant is selected from the group of anionic and nonionic surfactants. Detergent additive according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that fatty alcohol ethoxylates of the formula are used as nonionic surfactants (2) RO- (EO) _y -H, come into consideration in which

R

a hydrocarbon radical of 10 to 18, in particular 12 to 18, carbon atoms; or a radical of the formula (2a)

EO

an ethylene oxide group;

Y ₁

C ₁ -C ₁₂ alkyl, aryl or aralkyl;

m ₁

1 to 4; and

y

a number from 2 to 20, in particular from 3 to 10;

mean. Detergent additive according to claim 7, characterized in that a compound of formula (2) is used as the nonionic surfactant, wherein

R

C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl; or a radical of the formula (2a); and

y

3 to 10;

mean. Detergent additive according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a compound of the formula is used as the antimicrobial active substance

wherein

X

Oxygen, sulfur or -CH ₂ -,

Y

Chlorine or bromine,

Z.

SO ₂ H, NO ₂ or C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl,

r

0 to 3,

O

0 to 3,

p

0 or 1,

m

0 or 1 and

n

0 or 1 mean be used.

Detergent additive according to claim 9, characterized in that the compound of formula (3) is used as the antimicrobial active substance, wherein

X

Oxygen, sulfur or -CH ₂ - and

Y

Chlorine or bromine,

m

0,

n

0 or 1,

O

1 or 2,

r

1 or 2 and

p

0

mean. Detergent additive according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the compound of the formula as the antimicrobial active substance

is used in which

X

-O- or -CH ₂ -;

m

1 to 3; and

n

1 or 2;

mean. Detergent additive according to claim 11, characterized in that the compound of the formula

is used. Detergent additive according to claim 11, characterized in that the compound of the formula

is used. Detergent additive according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it contains alkali sulfate as the alkali salt. A process for the preparation of the detergent additive according to claim 1, characterized in that (a) the antimicrobial active substance is added to the layered silicate as an aqueous dispersion simultaneously with the surfactant or (b) previously dissolves at least part of the antimicrobial active substance in the surfactant and the solution is added to the layered silicate. Detergent containing the detergent additive according to one of claims 1 to 14.