EP0900354B1 - Method of detonator control with electronic ignition module, coded blast controlling unit and ignition module for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

A control method for detonators (1) fitted with an electronic ignition module (15). Each module (15) is associated with specific parameters including at least one identification parameter and one explosion delay time, and includes a firing capacitor and a rudimentary internal clock. The modules (15) are capable of establishing a dialogue with a firing control unit (17) fitted with a reference time basis. The identification parameters are stored in the modules using a programming unit (18); the specific parameters are stored in the firing control unit (17); for each successive module, its internal clock is calibrated using the firing control unit and the associated delay time is sent to the module; the modules are ordered to load the firing capacitors; and a firing order is sent to the modules using the firing control unit, triggering off eventual resetting of the internal clocks as well as a firing sequence.

Description

The present invention relates to a method of control of detonators of the ignition module type electronic, as well as a coded control command of firing and an ignition module for its implementation.

In most explosive work, we cause the detonation of charges containing the detonators according to a very precise time sequence, this in order to improve the efficiency of the work of the explosive and better control its effects.

Conventionally, a pyrotechnic device at level of the detonators themselves allows obtaining various delay time between charge explosions. The detonators are simultaneously initiated by an exploder which delivers a certain electrical energy in a line of fire connecting detonators in series or in parallel. The combustion of retarding pyrotechnic compositions then generates the desired pyrotechnic delays.

However, these pyrotechnic delays are of a often insufficient relative precision.

To overcome this drawback, it has been proposed to use delay detonator ignition devices integrated electronic type. These devices allow take advantage of the precision of electronic systems for enrich and refine the delay time ranges obtained previously in a pyrotechnic manner.

Patent application FR-2,695,719 proposes a method of controlling detonators with ignition module integrated delay electronics in which the modules are programmed using a control unit programming. They require a precise time base at level of each detonator.

It has moreover been proposed in patent US-4,674,047, detonators equipped with electronic means allowing them to interact with a control unit outside. Each detonator is equipped with a capacity of which unloading activates the explosive charge. The times of delay of each detonator can be programmed on site, an identification code having been previously assigned to each detonator, for example at the factory. When of a firing sequence, the detonators receive from the unit of order successive loading orders of the above capacity, then firing. They refer to the unity of commands information allowing this unit to control the smooth running of the shooting sequence. The detonators are equipped for this purpose with local intelligence by microprocessor. The delay times they have allocated are stored on non-volatile memories of their microprocessors.

In this latter known system, each of the detonators has an internal time base allowing a countdown related to the delay time assigned to it. At the time of detonator programming, its time base is compared to a reference time base of the unit of ordered. A possible error is then compensated by an adjusted value of the delay time, this adjusted value being stored in a detonator memory.

Document FR-A-2.672.675 relates to a module ignition for detonators with integrated electronic delay and, more particularly, a security and arming device typically military in which the modules receive information given by external sensors.

EP-A-0.433.697 relates to a device safety modular designed to provide security against inadvertent ignition to previous ignition modules exempt from such security. This device is designed so to also provide security in the event of failure of one of its own components. The system clock is a quartz clock.

Document WO-A-87/00265 teaches a device for control of detonators whose ignition delay can be adjusted remotely and precisely, this device comprising means to calibrate an internal quartz clock just before firing.

The object of the present invention is a method of electronic ignition module type control as well that a coded fire control assembly and a module for its implementation, giving the detonators the aforementioned advantages of delay detonators integrated electronics, but also greater simplicity of manufacture and operation, as well as increased security.

More specifically, an objective of the invention is to ability to use detonators with clocks rudimentary internals while allowing excellent accuracy of a firing sequence.

Another object of the invention is to use as inexpensive and not very fragile oscillator internal clocks, and incorporated into integrated circuits.

• une capacité de tir destinée, après chargement, à se décharger dans une tête d'amorce du détonateur pour produire une mise à feu,
• une capacité batterie assurant une autonomie momentanée de fonctionnement,
• une horloge interne rudimentaire ayant une fréquence locale,
• une mémoire d'identification non volatile destinée à stocker les paramètres d'identification.

The subject of the invention is therefore a method for controlling detonators of the type with electronic ignition module, each ignition module being associated with specific parameters comprising at least one identification parameter and an explosion delay time of the associated detonator. The ignition module includes:

• a firing capacity intended, after loading, to discharge into a primer head of the detonator to produce a firing,
• a battery capacity ensuring momentary operating autonomy,
• a rudimentary internal clock having a local frequency,
• a non-volatile identification memory intended to store the identification parameters.

The modules are able to interact with a unit of fire control with a reference time base, and intended to transmit to them in particular an order of loading of their fire capacities, as well as a fire order and to receive modules one or more information relating to their condition.

• on mémorise dans au moins un support informatique les paramètres spécifiques,
• on fait acquérir à au moins une unité de programmation les paramètres d'identification,
• on mémorise avec l'unité de programmation dans les modules les paramètres d'identification,
• on mémorise avec le support informatique dans l'unité de commande de tir les paramètres spécifiques,
• on ordonne aux modules avec l'unité de commande de tir un chargement des capacités de tir,
• on envoie aux modules avec l'unité de commande de tir un ordre de tir déclenchant une séquence de tir synchronisée au moyen des fréquences locales.

In the process:

• the specific parameters are stored in at least one computer medium,
• at least one programming unit is acquired to identify the parameters,
• the identification parameters are stored with the programming unit in the modules,
• the specific parameters are stored with the computer support in the fire control unit,
• the modules are ordered with the fire control unit to load the fire capacities,
• the modules are sent with the firing control unit a firing order triggering a firing sequence synchronized by means of the local frequencies.

The control method according to the invention is characterized in that after saving the parameters specific in the fire control unit and before the loading of the firing capacities, one carries out with the unit of fire command for each successive module a measure from the local frequency of the module's internal clock to using the reference time base, a determination of an algorithmic correction value of the local frequency, and a send to the delay time module associated.

Determining the algorithmic correction value appropriate for each module does act not on the internal clock itself and therefore does not change not its local frequency.

The internal clocks, adjustable at the factory, are calibrated shortly before a firing sequence.

This calibration is all the more important as the local frequencies of the modules are a priori all distinct, and therefore lead to a correction value different algorithm for each module.

The control method according to the invention is distinguishes from the prior art by the roles played by the unity of programming, fire control unit and support computer science. It is particularly original in that the internal clocks of the modules are first adjusted time during their manufacture and then calibrated in a second time shortly before a shooting sequence, using the reference time base of the fire control unit. The calibration of internal clocks is dissociated from the programming of module delay times.

A clear advantage of the process according to the invention is that it is possible to use in the modules rudimentary adjustable internal clocks, only the base of reference time contained in the fire control unit to be precise. Such an internal clock can by example be incorporated into an integrated circuit, such as a specific integrated circuit commonly known as ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). To act clock circuit, a simple circuit comprising a resistor and a capacity is therefore suitable, although a recorded frequency in this circuit undergoes a marked alteration during the time. It is however interesting to use clocks internal enough stable over time, to avoid a step final reset. The solution proposed in the process according to the invention notably reduces the cost of the circuit by compared to the use of a quartz, without compromising the precision and to the safety of a shooting sequence.

Another benefit of using oscillators rudimentary is that they can be more resistant to vibrations, and therefore less fragile, than a quartz.

You can have the programming unit acquire the identification parameters in two ways: either by re-entering manually, either by leaving the unit programming automatically calculate them by increment. In one form of implementation advantageous, after the firing order, the clocks are reset internal of all modules. Internal clocks are thus reset just before a firing sequence.

This mode of implementation is necessary when internal clocks have frequencies undergoing sensitive drifts over time. On the other hand, if they are sufficiently stable, it is optional, even superfluous.

In a first preferred embodiment of the control method according to the invention, during the calibration of the internal clock of each module, we calculate with the unit of fire command a corrected delay time, this delay being sent to the module.

In a second preferred embodiment of the control method according to the invention, each module with a processing unit, during the calibration of the internal clock of this module, we send to the module with the fire control unit the correction value algorithm of the local frequency of its internal clock, then we calculate with the module processing unit a time corrected delay.

IT support is advantageously distinct of the programming unit.

Thus, a prior recording of the firing data is possible. However, IT support can also be identified with the programming unit.

Several tests benefit from being carried out during the control method according to the invention.

So after saving the parameters specific in the fire control unit and before the measurement of local frequencies, we preferentially test the modules with the fire control unit, in their simultaneously requesting at least one piece of information and addressing each module individually through its identification parameters to collect this information.

In addition, before storing the parameters identification in each module, we preferably test the electronic and pyrotechnic functionalities of the associated detonator.

An additional test is advantageously carried out following the sending to the modules of a firing order, before the reset their internal clocks: each module then sends back to the fire control unit a confirmation of its state ready for firing.

• une capacité de tir destinée, après chargement, à se décharger dans une tête d'amorce du détonateur pour produire une mise à feu,
• une capacité batterie assurant une autonomie momentanée de fonctionnement,
• une horloge interne ayant une fréquence locale,
• une mémoire d'identification non volatile destinée à stocker les paramètres d'identification.

The subject of the invention is also a coded firing control assembly comprising detonators with electronic ignition module, each ignition module being associated with specific parameters comprising at least one identification parameter and a delay time of explosion of the corresponding detonator during a firing sequence, this ignition module comprising:

• a firing capacity intended, after loading, to discharge into a primer head of the detonator to produce a firing,
• a battery capacity ensuring momentary operating autonomy,
• an internal clock with a local frequency,
• a non-volatile identification memory intended to store the identification parameters.

• une unité de programmation apte à acquérir les paramètres spécifiques des modules et à mémoriser les paramètres d'identification dans les modules correspondants,
• une unité de commande de tir munie d'une base de temps de référence et d'une mémoire pouvant recevoir les paramètres spécifiques des modules, cette unité de commande de tir pouvant être reliée électriquement en ligne aux modules et dialoguer avec eux, en particulier en envoyant aux modules ayant reçu de l'unité de programmation leurs paramètres d'identification, les temps de retard associés, en mesurant les fréquences locales de leurs horloges internes au moyen de la base de temps de référence, en calibrant ces horloges internes et en envoyant aux modules un ordre de tir déclenchant une séquence de tir.

The coded set also includes:

• a programming unit capable of acquiring the specific parameters of the modules and of storing the identification parameters in the corresponding modules,
• a fire control unit provided with a reference time base and a memory capable of receiving the specific parameters of the modules, this fire control unit being able to be connected electrically to the modules online and to dialogue with them, in particular by sending to the modules having received from the programming unit their identification parameters, the associated delay times, by measuring the local frequencies of their internal clocks by means of the reference time base, by calibrating these internal clocks and by sending modules a firing order triggering a firing sequence.

According to the invention, the internal clock of each of the ignition means is a rudimentary clock composed of a simple RC circuit, and the unit of fire control and the modules include calibration means for determining an algorithmic correction value of the local frequency of each of the internal clocks relative to the base of reference time after memorizing specific parameters in the fire control unit.

In an advantageous embodiment, the modules include means for resetting their clocks interns following a firing order sent by the fire command.

The coded assembly comprising an electrical connection between each module and the detonator's primer head associated, and this module being able to send in this head initiating by the electrical connection a current causing a firing it is interesting that the primer heads have conductive or semiconductor bridges.

The invention also relates to an ignition module for pyrotechnic charge detonator comprising a circuit including a battery capacity ensuring momentary operating autonomy, a communication interface, charge management circuit pyrotechnic including a firing capacity intended, after loading, to discharge into a head of the detonator, as well as a logical management unit of the whole module. This logical unit includes a non-volatile identification memory intended to receive minus a module identification parameter and a rudimentary internal clock with a local frequency.

The ignition module according to the invention is original in what it includes a calibration memory allowing receive an algorithmic correction value of the local frequency of the internal clock by compared to a reference time base, from a fire control unit capable of sending the module a firing order.

In an advantageous embodiment, the module according to the invention comprises means for resetting the internal clock to a calibrated state and the unit logic includes a reset command activating the reset means during a firing order.

In a preferred embodiment of the module ignition according to the invention, it comprises an integrated circuit custom ASIC type, firing capacity, capacity battery, power transistor and means of protection against electrostatic discharge.

This means of protection is advantageously consisting of an element called transil.

ASIC circuits allow both miniaturization and low consumption.

The present invention will now be illustrated without being in any way limited by examples of realization, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a detonator equipped with a delayed ignition module integrated electronics according to an embodiment and implementation of the invention.

Figures 2A, 2B and 2C are representations schematics of a shooting unit comprising detonators mounted in parallel, of the type shown in Figure 1, showing circuits of communication established respectively during the programming of a detonator, information transfer from the programming unit to the fire control unit and during a firing sequence of a detonator volley.

Figure 3 is an overall representation of a ignition module according to the invention.

Figure 4 shows the principle architecture of a ignition module according to the invention.

Figure 5 is a representation in the form of ignition module block diagram of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a representation of the management of the pyrotechnic charge of the ignition module of Figure 4.

Detonator 1 with electronic ignition module described, shown in Figure 1, has a case 2 serving housing and whose body has an elongated cylindrical shape terminated at one end by a bottom 3. At its other end this case 2 is closed by a plug also elongated 4, the walls of the case 2 being integral with the plug 4 by crimping 5. The case 2 is made of alloy of aluminum, the plug 4 being made of standard PVC.

The end 3 of the case 2 is associated with a cover 6 aluminum with a bottom 7 arranged in a section right of the case 2 and bordered by a cylindrical skirt 8 extending from the bottom 7 of the cover 6 towards the bottom 3 of the case 2. The external walls of the skirt 8 substantially match the inner walls of the case 2. The bottom 7 of this cover 6 is traversed in its thickness by a bore 9 whose contour is a circle centered on the axis of the case 2. This cover 6 delimits with the bottom 3 and the walls of the body of the case 2 a chamber 10 containing, inside, a load 11 such than penthrite, this charge 11 being supplemented by a priming mixture 12 placed in chamber 10 at level from cover 6. The proportions of penthrite and mixture prime are 0.6 g and 0.2 g respectively.

On the side of the cover 6 which is opposite the chamber 10, is disposed a primer head 13 extending axially in the case 2 and protected by a cylindrical envelope 14. This primer head 13 is directly connected to a module electronic ignition 15 placed in the case 2 between the casing 14 and the plug 4. This electronic module 15 is fed at its end, at plug 4, by two sheathed wires 16a and 16b which pass through the plug 4 in its height and connect the module 15 to an ignition circuit (not represented).

Advantageously, the primer of the example of embodiment, shown in Figure 1, can be replaced by a primer head comprising a conductive bridge or semiconductor.

A current flowing in the primer head 13 having an intensity above an operating threshold, initiates the primer head 13 and excites the load 12 through the opening 9 to through operculum 6. This excitation triggers the detonation.

A firing set can be made from detonators 1 identical to that presented previously. This firing set, visible in Figures 2B and 2C, includes any number of detonators 1, including modules 15 are mounted in line in a parallel network with a fire control unit 17, also called "shooting console"

Preferably, the detonators 1 and their modules 15 are in production all identical and coded. They are only identified on site at the time of their programming. The realization of the shooting set is thus facilitated.

The ignition modules 15 are non-polarized. They can be used in large numbers during assembly parallel, up to 200 or more, without resulting problems that could be due to too much line current important.

The modules 15 are able to interact with the firing console 17, which can transmit orders to them and receive information from them.

The shooting set also includes a programming 18, also called "console programming ". This is for programming each modules 15 before or after its installation in a hole. It can also be used to transfer information on shooting sequences in the shooting console 17.

Three configurations can be envisaged for the connections between detonators 1, firing console 17, and console programming 18

In a first configuration, represented on the Figure 2A, the programming console 18 is connected successively to each of the detonators 1. This first configuration corresponds to a first step, during which modules 15 are programmed by the console programming 18.

In a second configuration, represented on the Figure 2B, the programming console 18 is connected to the firing console 17, while the link between the detonators 1 and the fire console 17 is deactivated.

This second configuration corresponds to a second step, during which we transfer from the console programming 18 to the shooting console 17, information on detonators 1 and usable in one or more subsequent shooting sequences.

In the third configuration, represented on the Figure 2C, the programming console 18 and the detonators 1 are connected to the shooting console 17, the modules 15 of the detonators 1 being connected to the firing console 17 by a line firing range 50. This third configuration corresponds to a third stage, during which the shooting console 17 is likely to communicate with modules 15, then to a final stage, during which the shooting console 17 can manage a procedure for firing and firing detonators 1 connected on the firing line 50.

The fire console 17 and the ignition modules 15 exchange information via messages coded binaries. The line of fire 50 being two-wire, the console shot 17 and the ignition modules 15 must be tolerant to damage to electrical signals during of their transit on this line 50. The messages transmitted to modules are coded as four-bit words.

The shooting console 17 also serves to power the ignition modules 15. This power supply is the source of energy likely to ignite. Of the so the ignition modules 15 are safe inadvertent triggering outside of shooting sequences.

The shooting consoles 17 and programming 18 are of neighboring structures and different mainly by their functionality, and therefore by the management software to which they are associated.

• une unité logique organisée autour d'un microcontrôleur, par exemple du type de celui commercialisé par la société MOTOROLA sous la dénomination 68 HC 11, et qui intègre 512 octets de mémoires EEPROM permettant de stocker de manière non volatile certains paramètres de fonctionnement, une mémoire vive RAM, un réseau d'entrée et de sortie, une communication de type RS 232 pour permettre aux consoles de tir 17 et de programmation 18 de dialoguer ensemble,
• un afficheur à cristaux liquides lumineux,
• une alimentation qui fournit une tension de ± 5 volts à l'unité logique et de ± 18 volts à l'interface ligne, la tension amont nécessaire étant de 18 volts,
• une interface ligne constituée de deux sous-systèmes, dont une partie émission qui est une alimentation stabilisée pouvant commuter pour délivrer + 12 ou + 6 volts, et une partie réception qui mesure le courant consommé sur la ligne et qui détecte des surconsommations transitoires des modules d'allumage 15,
• une base de temps de référence, comprenant typiquement un quartz qui la pilote.

Each console includes:

• a logic unit organized around a microcontroller, for example of the type marketed by MOTOROLA under the name 68 HC 11, and which incorporates 512 bytes of EEPROM memories allowing non-volatile storage of certain operating parameters, a memory RAM, an input and output network, RS 232 type communication to allow the shooting consoles 17 and programming 18 to dialogue together,
• a bright liquid crystal display,
• a power supply which supplies a voltage of ± 5 volts to the logic unit and of ± 18 volts to the line interface, the necessary upstream voltage being 18 volts,
• a line interface made up of two subsystems, including a transmission part which is a stabilized power supply which can switch to deliver + 12 or + 6 volts, and a reception part which measures the current consumed on the line and which detects transient over-consumption of the modules ignition 15,
• a reference time base, typically comprising a quartz which controls it.

Each of the ignition modules 15 is associated with three specific parameters. Two of these specific parameters are parameters for identifying module 15. Several shooting sequences taking place successively and involving each a part of the detonators 1, these two parameters identification include a shooting card number representative of the shooting sequence concerned, and a number order designating module 15 as part of this sequence. The third specific parameter is a time of detonator 1 explosion delay corresponding to the module 15 during the shooting sequence.

The modules 15 are capable of receiving two types of messages: an order or information storable, this information can consist in particular in one of the specific parameters of module 15. Any receipt of storable information is preceded by the receipt of an appropriate order, so that the ignition module systematically knows what type information will be sent to him.

The shooting console 17 includes four keys user-operable to activate respectively four functions. These four keys trigger respectively a test of the ignition modules 15, a arming detonators 1, a firing sequence, and a cancellation of the shooting sequence. A fifth function of the fire console 17, automatically activated, consists of a automatic transfer of data to the shooting console 17, from the programming console 18 or from a support internal or external IT. Two LEDs, one green and one red, are also intended to serve as witnesses during a test of the modules 15. The green LED is intended to light up normal situation, and the red light in case of problem.

The shooting console 17 is advantageously provided with a magnetic card authorizing its use.

The programming console 18 includes a keyboard 12 alphanumeric keys, allowing in particular enter the specific parameters of modules 15. It also includes a push button to switch between two programming procedures. In first of these procedures, called manual procedure, the operator programs the times of delay, while in the second procedure, called procedure automatic these times are stored separately on the IT support internal or external to the shooting console 17.

The programming console 18 has six functions. The first of these functions is the programming or reprogramming one of the modules ignition 15, by recording its parameters identification, and possibly its delay time, by memory of this module 15. A second function of the programming console 18 is the parameter storage specific in its own memory. A third function consists of a test of any of the modules 15. A fourth function is to delete the programming console screen 18. A fifth function is to read the contents of one's memory any of the ignition modules 15 programmed. The sixth function consists of a transfer to the shooting console 17 of the set of specific parameters saved in modules 15.

The ignition modules 15 include circuits specific integrated devices, commonly referred to as ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). Each of the modules 15 also includes one or more tank capacities, a power transistor and a transil. An ignition module 15, as shown schematically in Figure 3, includes four subsystems: a load management circuit 300 pyrotechnic, a 301 communication interface, a circuit 302, and a logic management unit 303 for the whole microsystem.

Certain characteristics of the signals transmitted on the lines have been specified in Figures 4 to 6 with reference to these lines.

The supply circuit 302, as it appears on the Figures 4 and 5. includes a double rectifier bridge 40 alternating diodes, which provides a DC voltage Valim to from the DC voltage coming from the firing line 50.

Logical detection frees the ignition module 15 of any polarization. Valim voltage is nominally between 8V and 15 V.

The supply circuit 302 also includes a battery capacity 41 of 100 µF with a nominal voltage of 16 V, ensuring smoothing of the DC voltage and constituting an energy reservoir allowing the entire microsystem to operate for a few seconds when it is no longer supplied by the firing line 50.

A regulator 42 is provided to produce a voltage of continuous Vcc operation and equal to 3 V, intended for supply all the low voltage modules of the module 15. This regulator 42 is connected to the rectifier bridge 40 from which it receives a supply voltage, as well as battery capacity 41 The regulator 42 has a reference tension and an adjustment loop including a operational amplifier. The voltage reference is potential barrier type (band-gap voltage reference) and provides a stable reference voltage at 1.20 V. The operational amplifier receives the reference voltage by a setpoint input and the supply voltage by a power input, and compare a fraction of the voltage power supply at the desired 3 V voltage.

The supply circuit 302 includes a circuit input 32 connected to logic unit 303 by an input line 58 and a command line 69.

The voltage line Vcc is connected to a capacitor 53 100 nF.

The communication interface 301, visible in the Figure 4, includes the input circuit 32 which acts as a sub-assembly receiver, as well as a transmitter sub-assembly 33. The latter essentially comprises a transistor, the grid is connected to logic unit 303 by an output line 59, the drain to the management circuit 300 by a head line primer 57, and the source to the ground.

The pyrotechnic charge management circuit 300 has was shown more particularly in Figure 6. It manages the firing capacity of the ignition module 15, as well as the control of a DMOS transistor referenced 56, external to the management circuit 300, and used to trigger an update fire.

The transistor 56 has its drain connected to the primer head 13 and its source to the earth. Its grid is controlled by a line firing 62 coming from logic unit 303, by through two transistors 74 and 79. Transistor 74 has its grid connected to line 62, its source to the ground and its drain to the gate of transistor 79, as well as to the Valim voltage in parallel, a resistor 77 of 4 MΩ being interposed between the drain and the voltage Valim. The transistor 79 has its drain connected to the Valim voltage, and its source to the gate of the transistor 56, as well as to earth via a resistor 78 of 50 kΩ.

A diode 84 is arranged from the earth to the grid of the transistor 56, and a diode 83 from earth to the terminal of the primer head 13 other than that connected to transistor 56.

In addition, a decoupling capacity 82 can be connected between the gate and the source of transistor 56.

The management circuit 300 makes it possible to charge a firing capacity 29 of 220 µF at its nominal voltage of 16 V.

It is supplied by the primer head line 57 receiving a rectified voltage Vtam from the firing line 50. The voltage Vtam has a nominal value between 11 V and 16 V.

The firing capacity 29 has a first frame 191 directly connected to earth, and its second armature 192 is earthed via a resistor 20 of 400 Ω and a MOS transistor referenced 30. The gate of the transistor 30 being controlled by the logic unit 303 by means of a discharge line 63, firing capacity 29 can be rapidly discharged through resistor 20 when a discharge command is sent to the ignition module 15 or when a power failure occurs. Typically, this discharge can be carried out in 300 ms. The second frame 192 is also connected to the head primer 13.

The ignition module 15 is armed via a load line 64 coming from logic unit 303. This load line 64 ends at the gate a transistor 70 of the management circuit 300, the source of which is connected to earth and the drain to the second frame 192 of the firing capacity 29 through a resistance 71 of 193 kΩ and a resistance 22 of 1700 kΩ.

The second frame 192 of the firing capacity 29 is also connected to earth via resistor 22 and a resistance 23 equal to 1700 kΩ. Whatever whole microsystem failure, firing ability 29 is always self-discharged during a power failure this security being ensured by resistors 22 and 23.

The management circuit 300 includes a loop of control 24 comprising an operational amplifier 26 and a voltage reference 27. The voltage reference 27, from a PTAT, provides a stable reference voltage at 1.20 V. The operational amplifier 26 has an input of setpoint linked to voltage reference 27, and an input supply connected to the second armature 192 of the capacity firing 29, via resistance 22.

The output of the operational amplifier 26 is connected to a comparison line 65 leading to the unit logic 303. It is also connected to a first entrance to a NOR 72 door, including two other entrances. The second entrance to door NOR 72 receives load line 64 information via a NOR 73 gate, this door having a second input connected to a line 67 of Charge test. The third input receives signals clock from logic unit 303 by a line charge pumping 66, at a frequency of 64 kHz.

The exit from the NOR 72 door leads to a device 25 pumping loads requiring, to reach full voltage, many clock pulses from logic unit 303 through line 66.

This device 25 is supplied by the head line initiator 57 at Vtam voltage and two outputs. The first one of these outputs is connected to the second armature 192 of the firing capacity 29, while the second is connected to the drain of a transistor 75 by a resistor 76 of 50 kΩ. The transistor 75 has its gate controlled by the discharge line 63 and its source connected to the earth.

In operation, signals are sent to the frequency of 64 kHz at NOR gate 72 by the line of charge pumping 66. In the absence of a charge order, the exit from door NOR 72 is worth 0, so that the firing capacity 29 is not supplied by the primer head line 57. When a charge order is given by means of the load 64, the output of the NOR 72 gate produces the value 1 to a frequency of 64 kHz, as long as the amplifier output operational 26 does not indicate equality between voltage nominal imposed by means of the voltage reference 27, and the effective voltage across the firing capacity 29. The gate of transistor 28 is thus activated, and voltage Vtam takes charge of the firing capacity 29. Once the tension nominal reached, the output of the operational amplifier 26 is 0, so the output from NOR gate 72 is 0 and that the supply of the firing capacity 29 is interrupted.

The adjustment loop 24 thus ensures the stability of the nominal voltage of the firing capacity 29, whatever the value of the voltage Vtam between 11 V and 16 V.

During a discharge order sent by the discharge 63, the gate of transistor 75 is activated and the firing capacity 29 discharges through the circuit of dump.

A test mode is provided to charge the firing capacity 29 at a nominal voltage of 2.4 V. Entry into this mode is performed by activating a test load variable in logic unit 303 The processor can then, by testing the output of operational amplifier 26, check that the duration charge of the firing capacity 29 is included in a acceptable range

Logic unit 303 which manages each ignition module 15, detailed on the block diagram of the Figure 5, manages communications with firing line 50 as well than the pyrotechnic charge controls. She includes in particular a control unit 45 essentially digital or CPU (central processing unit), composed of a four-bit microprocessor 48, a ROM memory referenced 43 of 2048 words of 16 bits containing the application program, from a register to test offset 44. and different peripheral blocks. Each of these devices is related to one of the analog blocks of the ignition module 15, which it ensures software controlled operation.

Logic unit 303 also includes a set 46 of registers or register bank, intended for storage temporary digitized information, and an internal clock 49.

All non-volatile information necessary for ignition module 15 are stored in an EEPROM memory referenced 47 organized in eight words of 4 bits, this EEPROM memory being managed by the unit of command 45 by means of a memory microcontroller 35. The memory 47 is intended in particular to receive the ignition module identification parameters 15 in the firing line 50, an internal clock setting word 49 of logic unit 303, and a firing delay.

The microprocessor 48 of the control unit 45 is respectively connected to the management circuit 300, to the clock internal 49 and receiver 32 and transmitter 33 sub-assemblies of the communication interface 301, by microcontrollers 36, 37 and 38.

The internal clock 49 of the logic unit 303 comprises a double ramp oscillator providing a value signal nominal 1 MHz, but which can in practice have a frequency between 500 kHz and 2 MHz due to technological dispersions. In order to be placed in optimal industrial conditions, the clock oscillator internal 49 is composed of a simple RC circuit in technology ASIC.

The internal clock 49 also includes a device logic dividing the frequency produced by the oscillator by a adjustment coefficient, so as to generate a first output frequency of approximately 64 kHz to within 20%. This first output frequency, which is the local frequency of the internal clock 49 is sent to the control unit 45 by a local frequency line 68. Adjustment of coefficient is carried out once and for all when mounting the ignition module 15 by a command writing in the EEPROM memory 47 the adjustment coefficient. Of temperature fluctuations between - 10 ° C and 40 ° C cause drift this first output frequency of 10% maximum by compared to a value fixed at 20 ° C.

Local frequency line 68 reaches the microprocessor 48 through a comparator of frequency 81, of which a first entry is line 68, a second input is an external clock line 61, and the output is connected to microprocessor 48. The comparator 81 is intended to allow calibration of the internal clock 49, line 61 being connected to the reference time base console 17.

The internal clock 49 also makes it possible to produce a second output frequency of 500 kHz to work with EEPROM memory 47, via a divider of frequency 54. This second output frequency is intended to be sent to a voltage tripler 55, connected to the supply circuit 302.

The internal clock 49 also provides a third 16 kHz output frequency to management circuit 300.

The tolerances on the RC values being more or minus 10%, it can be assumed that the local frequencies of internal clocks of the modules 15 typically have uncertainties on the order of plus or minus 20%. This beach of uncertainty is centered on the desired value, of 64 kHz, during a factory adjustment.

However, individual calibration of the clocks internal before a firing sequence with respect to the base of time of the shooting console 17, overcomes these uncertainties.

Logic unit 303 also has a circuit POR (Power-on Reset) referenced 51, connected to the microprocessor 48 via the microcontroller 37. The POR circuit 51 produced when switching on the ignition module 15 an initialization pulse making it possible to generate a initialization signal from the control unit 45 and from various control variables. This impulse initialization appears during an ascent or descent of the supply voltage normally equal to 3 V. From this done, the ignition module 15 also produces a signal initialization when the supply voltage drops below a correct operating threshold. During a initialization, the firing capacity 29 is automatically discharged. This property guarantees the absence of ignition untimely in case of accidental power cut.

With regard to its relations, schematized on the Figure 4, with the external elements, the logical unit 303 is connected to the input circuit 32 by the input line 58 and the line 69.

Connections between logic unit 303 and the circuit management 300 include the firing lines 62, discharge 63, charge 64, comparison 65 and charge pumping 66.

The logic unit is also connected to a range of test connections 80 (test pads), which act as test points control of the circuit during its manufacture.

All of these connections are made with the control unit 45.

In operation, we will distinguish the two manual and automatic procedures.

In manual procedure, the operator programs on the programming console keyboard 18 the times of desired delay, in milliseconds. These delay times are between 1 and 3000 milliseconds or more, and defined with a step of 1 millisecond. Late times can be freely chosen by the operator and can be for example identical for two or more than two modules 15.

Successively, for each of the modules 15, all of the following operations are performed. Console 18 is connected to module 15, as it appears on the Figure 2A. The operator then enters the delay time correspondent, then validates it by pressing a key validation of the alphanumeric keyboard. Console 18 sends then to the ignition module 15 a programming order.

This programming order is broken down into two time: the first consists of a test of the functionality of the electronic and pyrotechnic parts of the detonator 1 partner, and the second step consists of writing effective identification parameters in memory no volatile of module 15, and specific parameters in EEPROM memories of the programming console 18.

The two identification parameters, card number and number, are determined automatically by the programming console 18 according to the number of current firing card and the programming order carried out. Advantageously, the programming console 18 automatically increments the serial number after each programming, and the firing card number after each shooting sequence.

Alternatively, the operator can choose for himself the two identification parameters.

The erase function of the console programming 18 is used if the operator made a mistake in the delay time entry operation.

The actual writing of the parameters is subject to the successful completion of the test.

After all of the modules 15 used in the firing sequence has been programmed, the console programming 18 is connected to the shooting console 17, as shown in Figure 2B.

The connection of the shooting consoles 17 and programming 18 is only authorized after introduction of the appropriate magnetic card. Any other security organ can also be used to authorize this connection.

The specific parameters of the modules 15, stored in the programming console 18 are then automatically transferred to the shooting console 17 during the connection between the two consoles 17 and 18, by the function transfer planned on the programming console 18. This transfer is achieved by type communication RS 232. The specific parameters are stored in EEPROM memories of the firing console 17.

Once the set of specific parameters transferred to the firing console 17, the firing line 50 connecting the firing console 17 to the detonators 1 is activated, as this appears in Figure 2C. The shooting console 17 performs then automatically a test of the ignition modules 15 in line. It then waits for the time necessary to complete of this test order by all modules 15, then interrogates individually each of the modules 15 by its parameters identification. Each module 15 successively sends the test result in the form of binary information relating to its operating state: information of the "module" type correct "or" module incorrect ". This information can be possibly more complicated.

After this test carried out by the shooting console 17, to each of the modules 15, the local frequency of the clock internal 49 of module 15 is measured and compared to the base of the firing console reference time 17. The firing console shot 17 then calculates an algorithmic correction value that it saves in an EEPROM memory of the module 15. The delay time associated with module 15 is then also sent to this module 15 by the shooting console 17. The module 15 deduces a count value allowing to obtain the desired real delay time.

In a variant, the real delay times are calculated by the shooting console 17 and directly sent to modules 15.

After testing and calibrating the modules 15, and recording of delay times, the operator gives a arming order with the corresponding key. The firing capacities 29 of the ignition modules 15 are then loaded. A message confirms the completion of this surgery.

At any time, the operator can cancel the firing by giving the order to the ignition modules 15 of discharge their shooting capabilities 29, by the use of the cancel button on the firing console 17.

After arming, the operator can order an update fire with the fire key. Activation of this key causes the following operations.

First of all, it is advantageous that a test is planned so that the modules 15 respond individually to the firing console 17 to confirm that they are ready for an update fire.

Once this validation has been made, the firing line 50 can be disconnected, the autonomous battery of each module 15, under form of the battery capacity 41, getting started.

Logic unit 303 can then control advantageously a reset of the internal clock 49, which reconfigures it to its previously calibrated state by the firing console 17 using the reference time base. Immediately afterwards, it starts counting down the time of corrected delay, determining the moment of ignition. The shooting sequence is thus set in motion for all of the modules 15.

By way of illustration, for 200 modules 15, the test, calibration and programming steps last ten of minutes, and the loading of the firing capacities 29, approximately 5 minutes. A shooting sequence is for example triggered half an hour after programming the modules 15, this shooting sequence spanning ten seconds.

The rudimentary 49 internal clocks are perfectly suited to these operations, even without reset. Indeed, ASIC circuits benefit from a good thermal protection, which makes them not very sensitive to half hour between programming and sequence shoot. The local frequencies of the internal clocks thus have the property of being stable over time.

In the optional mode of implementation with reset, the internal clocks 49 are more precisely reconfigured in the calibrated state. Oscillators employees are then very stable during the ten seconds between, maximum, reset and reset fire.

In the automatic procedure, the operator does not program not the delay times but is content press the validation key on the console programming 18. For each module 15, the console programming 18 performs a test of module 15, then stores in the memory of the latter its identification parameters in case of satisfactory test information, as in the manual procedure.

The automatic procedure differs from the procedure manual in that the specific parameters of the modules 15 are transferred to the firing console 17 not by the programming console 18 but by support internal or external computer to the shooting console 17. This computer medium can typically be a floppy disk or a cassette, the shooting console 17 then being provided with a corresponding reader. It can also consist of a memory internal to the firing console 17. The rest of the procedure automatic is the same as manual.

Alternatively, in manual or automatic procedure, the shooting console 17 is able to detect the presence on the firing line 50 of any ignition module 15 not programmed by the programming console 18. In another variant, the shooting console 17 is capable of processing information coming simultaneously from several consoles of programming 18.

Many security procedures are planned. Access to the 17 and programming 18 consoles supposes that the operator is provided with recognition. Consoles 17 and 18 and modules 15 can be customized before leaving the factory.

Advantageously, the shooting console 17 cannot execute a firing only if it is physically connected, at the time of a shot, to the console (s) of programming 18 used to program the modules 15 affected by the firing sequence. This measure increases the security of the device.

Recognition may therefore be provided between the 17 and programming 18 consoles. In case of theft in particular, an operator then has the possibility of using a firing console 17 to fire modules 15 only if this shooting console 17 corresponds to the console of programming 18 having been used to program the modules 15. Recognition by an internal code of the console programming 18 by the shooting console 17 is provided for this effect. If the code is not recognized, the shooting console 17 does not record information relating to delay stored in the programming console 18 and the shot is blocked.

It will also have been noted that, although the set of shooting was planned for on-site programming, a factory programming is also possible.

Claims (13)

1. Method of controlling detonators (1) with electronic ignition module (15), each ignition module (15) being associated with specific parameters comprising at least one identification parameter and one explosion delay time for the associated detonator (1), the said ignition module (15) comprising :

   a firing capacitance (29) intended, after charging, to discharge into a primer head (13) of the said detonator (1) so as to produce a blast,

   a battery capacitance (41) ensuring momentary autonomy of operation,

   a rudimentary internal clock (49) having a local frequency,

   a non-volatile identification memory (47) intended for storing the said identification parameters, the said modules (15) being able to communicate with a firing control unit (17) provided with a reference timebase, and intended for transmitting to them in particular a command for charging their firing capacitances (29), as well as a firing command and for receiving from the said modules (15) one or more information items relating to their state, in which method :

   the said specific parameters are stored in at least one computer medium,

   at least one programming unit (18) is made to acquire the identification parameters,

   the identification parameters are stored with the programming unit (18) in the modules (15),

   the specific parameters are stored with the computer medium in the firing control unit (17),

   the modules (15) with the firing control unit (17) are commanded to charge the firing capacitances (29),

   a firing command triggering a firing sequence synchronized by means of the said local frequencies is sent to the modules (15) with the firing control unit (17), characterized

   in that after the storage of the specific parameters in the firing control unit (17) and before the charging of the firing capacitances (29), the following are performed with the firing control unit (17) for each successive module (15) : a measurement of the local frequency of the internal clock (49) of the said module (15) by means of the reference timebase, a determination of an algorithmic correction value of the said local frequency, and a sending to the said module (15) of the associated delay time.
2. Control method according to Claim 1, characterized in that after the firing command, the internal clocks (49) of the assembly of modules (15) are reinitialized.
3. Control method according to either of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that during the calibration of the internal clock (49) of each module (15), a corrected delay time is calculated with the firing control unit (17), the said delay time being sent to the said module (15).
4. Control method according to either of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each module (15) comprising a processing unit (303) during the calibration of the internal clock (49) of the module, the value for algorithmic correction of the local frequency of its internal clock (49) is sent to the said module (15) with the firing control unit (17), then a corrected delay time is calculated with the processing unit (303) of the said module (15).
5. Control method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the computer medium is separate from the programming unit (18).
6. Control method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the storage of the specific parameters in the firing control unit (17) and before the measurement of the local frequencies, the said modules (15) are tested with the firing control unit (17), by simultaneously requesting at least one information item from them and by individually addressing each module (15) through its identification parameters so as to gather the said information item.
7. Control method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that before storing the identification parameters in each module (15), the electronic and pyrotechnic functionalities of the associated detonator (1) are tested with the programming unit (18).
8. Coded assembly for firing control comprising detonators (1) with electronic ignition module (15), each ignition module (15) being associated with specific parameters comprising at least one identification parameter and an explosion delay time for the corresponding detonator (1) during a firing sequence, said ignition module (15) comprising :

   a firing capacitance (29) intended, after charging, to discharge into a primer head (13) of the said detonator (1) so as to produce a blast,

   a battery capacitance (41) ensuring momentary autonomy of operation,

   a rudimentary internal clock (49) having a local frequency,

   a non-volatile identification memory (47) intended for storing the said identification parameters, the coded assembly also comprising :

   a programming unit (18) able to acquire the specific parameters of the modules (15) and to store the identification parameters in the corresponding modules (15),

   a firing control unit (17) provided with a reference timebase and with a memory capable of receiving the specific parameters of the modules (15), it being possible for the said firing control unit (17) to be electrically linked in line to the said modules (15) and to communicate with them, in particular by sending to the said modules (15) having received their identification parameters from the programming unit (18), the associated delay times, by measuring the local frequencies of their internal clocks (49) by means of the reference timebase, by calibrating the said internal clocks (49), and by sending a firing command triggering a firing sequence to the said modules (15),

   characterized in that the internal clock (49) of each module (15) is a rudimental clock comprising a simple RC circuit and that the firing control unit (17) and the modules (15) comprise calibration means making it possible to determinate an algorithmic correction value of local frequency of each of the internal clocks (49) with respect to the reference timebase after storage of the specific parameters in the firing control unit.
9. Coded assembly according to Claim 8, characterized in that the modules (15) comprise means for reinitializing their internal clocks (49) following a firing command sent by the firing control unit (17).
10. Coded assembly according to one of Claims 8 or 9, characterized in that, the said assembly comprising an electrical link between each module (15) and the primer head (13) of the associated detonator (1), and the said module (15) being capable of sending into the said primer head (13) through the said electrical link a current causing a blast, the primer heads (13) comprise conducting or semiconducting bridges.
11. Ignition module (15) for the detonator (1) with pyrotechnic charge comprising a supply circuit (302) including in particular a battery capacitance (41) ensuring momentary autonomy of operation, a communication interface (301), a management circuit (300) for the pyrotechnic charge comprising in particular a firing capacitance (29) intended, after charging, to discharge into a primer head (13) of the detonator (1), as well as a logic unit (303) for managing the assembly of the module (15), the said logic unit (303) comprising a non-volatile identification memory (47) intended for receiving at least one identification parameter of the said module (15) and a rudimentary internal clock (49) having a local frequency,
    characterized in that the module (15) comprises a calibration memory making it possible to receive a value for algorithmic correction of the local frequency of the internal clock (49) with respect to a reference timebase, originating from a firing control unit (17) able to send a firing command to the module (15).
12. Module according to Claim 11, characterized in that it comprises means for reinitializing the internal clock (49) to a calibrated state and the logic unit (303) comprises a reinitialization control activating the reinitializing means during a firing command.
13. Module according to either of Claims 11 or 12, characterized in that it comprises a customized integrated circuit of the ASIC type, the firing capacitance (29), the battery capacitance (41), a power transistor (56) and a means of protection against electrostatic discharges.

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