EP0900351B1 - Kraftstoffeinspritzung für eine gestufte gasturbinenbrennkammer - Google Patents
Kraftstoffeinspritzung für eine gestufte gasturbinenbrennkammer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0900351B1 EP0900351B1 EP19970923092 EP97923092A EP0900351B1 EP 0900351 B1 EP0900351 B1 EP 0900351B1 EP 19970923092 EP19970923092 EP 19970923092 EP 97923092 A EP97923092 A EP 97923092A EP 0900351 B1 EP0900351 B1 EP 0900351B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- fuel injection
- combustion chamber
- accordance
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C15/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in pulses influenced by acoustic resonance in a gas mass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2205/00—Pulsating combustion
- F23C2205/10—Pulsating combustion with pulsating fuel supply
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
- Y10T137/86549—Selective reciprocation or rotation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for fuel injection in a staged Gas turbine combustor with separate fuel injectors for each level, with at least one level for certain operating conditions can be switched off by interrupting the fuel supply. Furthermore, the Invention a fuel injection device for performing the invention Fuel injection process. To the known state of the Technology is only referred to WO 95/17632 by way of example.
- Gas turbine combustion chambers in particular ring combustion chambers from Gas turbines with staged combustion or staged fuel injection work are becoming increasingly important.
- a pilot combustion chamber and a main combustion chamber are provided, which each form a so-called level.
- the Pilot combustion chamber has one or more pilot burners as the first stage, which in the preferred application of an annular combustion chamber from an annular arranged fuel injection nozzles exist, also has the second Stage, namely the main combustion chamber, several main burners, too in the form of a plurality of injection nozzles, preferably arranged in a ring again.
- FIG. 2 A schematic diagram for such a stepped gas turbine combustion chamber shows the attached Fig. 2.
- These two walls 20, 21 are still of envelope walls 20a, 21a which ultimately also surround the combustion chamber inlet 22a on the left and define the combustion chamber outlet 22b on the right-hand side.
- pilot burners 26a At lower gas turbine load points, only the pilot burners 26a are operated, which means that the injectors of the main burners 26b are not supplied with fuel.
- the main burners 26b are operated in addition to the pilot burners 26a, so that their injection nozzles are then supplied with fuel.
- the pilot combustion chamber 25a which is also operated solely for starting the gas turbine and for starting up in idle mode, is usually operated in the entire operating map of the gas turbine, in particular flight gas turbine, in order to create an ignition source for the main burners 26b, which are only switched on as required .
- staged combustion is to minimize pollutant emissions, especially NO x . This is achieved in that the respective burner size can be better adapted to the respective power requirement.
- the combustion temperature should be as low as possible, which can be achieved by targeted air supply (admixing air 28) into the combustion zone.
- the respective stages namely the pilot burners 26a and the main burners 26b, are designed for special air-fuel ratios. At low load points of the gas turbine, in which only relatively little fuel is burned overall, the air-fuel ratio coming to the main burners 26b would be too high to be able to support a sensible combustion at all. The main burners 26b are therefore only switched on at higher load points of the gas turbine.
- FIG. 3 According to which strategy the individual burners, namely the pilot burners 26a as well as the main burners 26b are supplied with fuel, is shown in FIG. 3 shown.
- the total fuel flow is on the abscissa of this diagram plotted for the two burners, on the ordinate the percentage Share of the pilot burner 26a or the main burner 26b in this Sum fuel flow.
- the corresponding characteristic of the pilot burner 26a is designated by the letter A, that of the main burner 26b with the letter B. It can be seen that with initially only a small total fuel flow, d. H. in the left section of this diagram only the pilot burners 26a are operated so that their share in the total fuel flow Is 100%. With increasing total fuel flow the main burners 26b are now switched on, specifically at the switch-on point Z.
- At least the stage that can be switched off ie. H. prefers the Main combustion chamber 25b explained above, with pulsed fuel injection operable.
- the fuel will thus introduced into the combustion chamber virtually clocked, the pulsation frequency are in the range between a single Hz to a few 100 Hz can.
- This pulsed injection at least theoretically, has one as well pulsed combustion.
- combustion pulse is a favorable fuel-air ratio adjustable. Because not at least with low fuel quantities more continuously, but only occasionally fuel is injected, can thus when setting favorable fuel-air ratios overall significantly less fuel is injected than with a conventional one continuous injection is possible.
- connection point Z also no instabilities To be feared, so that on the one hand a smooth transition when switching on the second stage can be achieved and on the other hand actually for each operating point or thrust value a defined amount of fuel in the combustion chamber is introduced regardless of whether it is an increase in thrust or a thrust redemption.
- the pulsation frequency which should preferably be variable, in a variety set a favorable combustion from operating points can, preferably above the characteristic frequencies of possible combustion chamber vibrations, so that no negative Effects on combustion efficiency or on thrust as well as the generation of noise. Rather, it is always a combustion achievable with a low degree of efficiency, since for every combustion or injection pulse a favorable fuel-air ratio is present. While in the usual continuous fuel injection today the minimum value of the Fuel throughput due to the instability of the combustion lean fuel-air mixture is determined in an inventive pulsed fuel injection for each fuel pulse a larger one Air-fuel ratio realizable, so that through targeted selection of Pulsation frequency even with a significantly lower total fuel supply still a stable combustion or a series of stable combustion impulses is achievable.
- the pulsation frequency of the discontinuous Fuel injection can be varied in a certain period of time amount of fuel injected to the respective operating point of the To be able to adapt the gas turbine. But it is also desirable to work with everyone Injection pulse, the amount of fuel that can be introduced can vary there are several options for this. For one, at a constant Fuel quantity per unit of time the injection duration can be changed to others can be introduced with a constant injection duration Amount of fuel to be changed. Of course it is also possible to combine these two strategies, as well as additionally the pulsation frequency can be adjusted so that overall by the many possible variations for each operating point of the gas turbine optimal fuel injection can be selected in each case. Be there pointed out that in high-load operating points of course from pulsed injection to continuous fuel injection can be switched.
- pulsed fuel injection is also to be had pointed out.
- the pulsation frequency namely the usual combustion frequencies are controlled in such a way that the so-called "combustion hum" that occurs when the combustion is unstable Low fuel flow can occur from the characteristic frequencies resulting from possible combustion chamber vibrations, minimized can be.
- the first stage or pilot combustion chamber which is usually not in certain Operating states is switched off with a continuous fuel injection can or should work, especially one safe ignition of the fuel-air mixture in the second stage or Main combustion chamber to ensure.
- An advantageous fuel injection device for performing such pulsed fuel injection can be done from an electromagnetic and / or hydraulically operated fuel injector, the The time and duration of the opening can be specifically adjusted.
- Such fuel injectors are known from reciprocating internal combustion engines. Such fuel injectors can now be modified accordingly used to either direct the fuel into the combustion chamber to inject a gas turbine or they can be an essentially common one Be upstream fuel injector.
- Pulsation control valve which is a conventional in the Combustion chamber opening fuel injector is connected upstream.
- this injection nozzle can have a metering valve be connected upstream, it being particularly advantageous for the pulsation control valve and to combine the dosing valve in one component, which is referred to below as "pulse dosing device”.
- FIG. 1 A preferred embodiment for such a pulse meter is in Fig. 1 shown in a principle section and is explained in more detail below.
- Reference number 1 denotes a cylinder of the pulse dispenser described, within which a control piston 2 is rotatable about the cylinder axis 3 and is arranged displaceably in the direction of the cylinder axis 3.
- a cylinder wall opening 4 leads into the interior of the cylinder 1 Fuel can be introduced according to arrow 18a, via a further control window 5 designated breakthrough in the cylinder wall is fuel from the cylinder interior Removable according to arrow 18b.
- the cylinder wall opening 4 and the control window 5 are one with the fuel supply system switchable stage of a stepped gas turbine combustion chamber connected, the fuel discharged via the control window 5 (arrow 18b) to the Fuel injection nozzles led to this switchable combustion chamber stage becomes.
- the control piston 2 is hollow at least in sections, so that there is a piston interior 6, which is only shown in broken lines, in which as can be seen, fuel that flows in accordance with arrow 18a over the wall opening 4 in flowed into the interior of the cylinder 1, can reach. So this piston interior 6, which is designed here in the form of two bores, with is connected to the gas turbine fuel supply system. At the At least one control slot 7 is provided on the outer wall of the control piston 2. the one with the piston interior 6 or with the corresponding bores communicates. This allows fuel to flow through the wall opening 4 is brought out, ultimately exit through the control slot 7.
- the amount of fuel discharged via the control window 5 can be also by the frequency of rotation of the control piston 2 or control slot 7 are influenced. However, with regard to certain boundary conditions a certain rotation frequency is desired, so this is a preferred setting the amount of fuel delivered per fuel pulse is possible that the control piston 2 along the cylinder axis 3 in or against the direction of the arrow 14 is moved. This allows the effective length I of the control slot 7, via which this comes to cover with the control window 5, to be changed. With a larger value of length I becomes a larger one Amount of fuel discharged through the control window 5, with a smaller one Length I a smaller amount of fuel.
- the control piston 2 can be set in rotation about the cylinder axis 3 from the gearbox of the gas turbine, but also, for example, from an electric motor, of which only the output pinion 8 is shown, with which a gear 9 meshes, which via a stub shaft 10 with a so-called.
- Guide extension 11 of the control piston 2 is connected. This leadership process 11 is also guided within the cylinder 1 and has one Front side 12 'on which a hydraulic medium with constant pressure above this guide extension 11 via a control opening 13 'in reaches the interior of the cylinder 1, acts.
- a comparable one Control opening 13 is located below the control piston 2 in the cylinder 1, see above that also act on this lower end face 12, a hydraulic medium can.
- this can be as well as a variety of details, particularly constructive Kind of quite different from this shown embodiment be designed without leaving the content of the claims.
- Essential is rather that in general at least the stage that can be switched off tiered gas turbine combustor with pulsed fuel injection is operable.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß zumindest die abschaltbare Stufe mit gepulster Kraftstoff-Einspritzung betreibbar ist. Geeignete Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtungen zur Durchführung dieses erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoff-Einspritzverfahrens sind in den Ansprüchen 5 und 6 beschrieben, während die weiteren Unteransprüche vorteilhafte Aus- und Weiterbildungen zum Inhalt haben.
Claims (9)
- Verfahren zur Kraftstoff-Einspritzung in eine gestufte Gasturbinen-Brennkammer mit separaten Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüsen für jede Stufe, wobei zumindest eine Stufe für bestimmte Betriebszustände durch Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr abschaltbar ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest die abschaltbare Stufe mit gepulster Kraftstoff-Einspritzung betreibbar ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pulsationsfrequenz der diskontinuierlichen Kraftstoff-Einspritzung variierbar ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mit jedem Einspritz-lmpuls einbringbare Kraftstoffmenge variierbar ist. - Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß von diskontinuierlicher, gepulster Kraftstoff-Einspritzung auf kontinuierliche Einspritzung umgeschaltet werden kann. - Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein elektromagnetisch und/oder hydraulisch betätigtes Kraftstoff-Einspritzventil zum Einsatz kommt, dessen Öffnungszeitpunkt und Öffnungsdauer gezielt einstellbar ist. - Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einer in der Brennkammer mündenden Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüse ein Pulsations-Steuerventil und/oder ein Dosierventil vorgeschaltet ist. - Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Pulsations-Steuerventil und das Dosierventil in einem Bauelement in Form eines sog. Puls-Dosierers zusammengefaßt sind. - Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Puls-Dosierer einen in einem Zylinder (1) verdrehbar sowie in Zylinderachsrichtung (3) verschiebbar angeordneten Steuerkolben (2) aufweist, dessen Außenwand einen mit dem Kolbeninnenraum (6), der mit dem Kraftstoffversorgungssystem der Brennkammer verbunden ist, verbundenen Steuerschlitz (7) aufweist, der mit einem Steuerfenster (5) im Zylinder (1), welches ebenfalls mit dem Kraftstoff-Versorgungssystem verbunden ist, zur Deckung bringbar ist. - Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, gekennzeichnet durch zumindest eines der folgenden Merkmale:der Steuerkolben (2) wird von einem Elektromotor oder von der gearbox der Gasturbine in Rotation versetztder Steuerkolben (2) wird durch auf zumindest eine seiner Stirnseiten (12, 12') einwirkenden Hydraulikdruck in Zylinderachsrichtung (3) positioniert.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1996120874 DE19620874A1 (de) | 1996-05-23 | 1996-05-23 | Kraftstoffeinspritzung für eine gestufte Gasturbinen-Brennkammer |
DE19620874 | 1996-05-23 | ||
PCT/EP1997/002511 WO1997044622A1 (de) | 1996-05-23 | 1997-05-15 | Kraftstoffeinspritzung für eine gestufte gasturbinenbrennkammer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0900351A1 EP0900351A1 (de) | 1999-03-10 |
EP0900351B1 true EP0900351B1 (de) | 2001-11-21 |
Family
ID=7795168
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19970923092 Expired - Lifetime EP0900351B1 (de) | 1996-05-23 | 1997-05-15 | Kraftstoffeinspritzung für eine gestufte gasturbinenbrennkammer |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6381947B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0900351B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19620874A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2165057T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997044622A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2144000A (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 2000-05-15 | Affymetrix, Inc. | Complexity management and analysis of genomic dna |
SE522267C2 (sv) * | 2000-04-28 | 2004-01-27 | Turbec Ab | Bränsleinsprutning för en gasturbin |
US6543232B1 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Valve assembly for use in a gas fuel nozzle |
WO2003091365A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-06 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Method of operating internal combustion engine by introducing antioxidant into combustion chamber |
DE10247955A1 (de) | 2002-10-12 | 2004-05-13 | Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd. | Brenner |
US6996991B2 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2006-02-14 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Fuel injection system for a turbine engine |
US7303388B2 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2007-12-04 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Staged combustion system with ignition-assisted fuel lances |
US7752850B2 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2010-07-13 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Controlled pilot oxidizer for a gas turbine combustor |
GB0515034D0 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2005-08-31 | Rolls Royce Plc | Method and system for operating a multi-stage combustor |
US7640725B2 (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2010-01-05 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Pilot fuel flow tuning for gas turbine combustors |
US7950215B2 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2011-05-31 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Sequential combustion firing system for a fuel system of a gas turbine engine |
DE102008053755A1 (de) | 2008-10-28 | 2010-04-29 | Pfeifer, Uwe, Dr. | Register Pilotbrennersystem für Gasturbinen |
US8650880B1 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2014-02-18 | Jansen's Aircraft Systems Controls, Inc. | Active combustion control for turbine engine |
US9938906B2 (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2018-04-10 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Combustion stability logic during off-load transients |
US11174792B2 (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2021-11-16 | General Electric Company | System and method for high frequency acoustic dampers with baffles |
US11156164B2 (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2021-10-26 | General Electric Company | System and method for high frequency accoustic dampers with caps |
US11346281B2 (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-05-31 | Woodward, Inc. | Dual schedule flow divider valve, system, and method for use therein |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2980090A (en) * | 1956-02-24 | 1961-04-18 | Bendix Corp | Fuel injection system |
US3002349A (en) * | 1956-07-26 | 1961-10-03 | Bendix Corp | Fuel control apparatus for an internal combustion engine |
DE1890295U (de) * | 1961-07-26 | 1964-04-02 | Alois Steimer | Duesenstock fuer intermittierende brennstoffeinspritzung. |
US3756763A (en) * | 1969-10-27 | 1973-09-04 | Pulsepower Systems | Pulsed high pressure liquid propellant combustion powered gas generators |
US3688495A (en) * | 1970-04-17 | 1972-09-05 | Adolf Fehler | Control system for metering the fuel flow in gas turbine engines |
US4194358A (en) * | 1977-12-15 | 1980-03-25 | General Electric Company | Double annular combustor configuration |
DE4000446A1 (de) * | 1990-01-09 | 1991-07-11 | Siemens Ag | Armatur zur verbindung mindestens eines hybridbrenners mit einrichtungen zur zustellung eines fluidischen brennstoffes |
GB9013154D0 (en) * | 1990-06-13 | 1990-08-01 | Chato John D | Improvements in pulsating combustors |
GB9118790D0 (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1991-10-16 | British Ceramic Service Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to flame safeguard devices |
US5349811A (en) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-09-27 | Avco Corporation | Pulsed fuel injection system for reducing NOx emissions |
DE4329955C2 (de) * | 1993-09-04 | 1997-01-16 | Danfoss As | Pumpenanordnung für einen Ölbrenner und Verfahren zur Kapazitätsregelung dieses Ölbrenners |
US5402634A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1995-04-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel supply system for a staged combustor |
US5465570A (en) | 1993-12-22 | 1995-11-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel control system for a staged combustor |
US5456594A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1995-10-10 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Pulsating combustion method and apparatus |
-
1996
- 1996-05-23 DE DE1996120874 patent/DE19620874A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-05-15 DE DE59706046T patent/DE59706046D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-15 EP EP19970923092 patent/EP0900351B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-15 ES ES97923092T patent/ES2165057T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-15 WO PCT/EP1997/002511 patent/WO1997044622A1/de active IP Right Grant
-
2001
- 2001-05-10 US US09/851,947 patent/US6381947B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20010027639A1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
WO1997044622A1 (de) | 1997-11-27 |
DE59706046D1 (de) | 2002-02-21 |
EP0900351A1 (de) | 1999-03-10 |
ES2165057T3 (es) | 2002-03-01 |
US6381947B2 (en) | 2002-05-07 |
DE19620874A1 (de) | 1997-11-27 |
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