EP0899425B1 - Gas turbine blade - Google Patents
Gas turbine blade Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0899425B1 EP0899425B1 EP98810770A EP98810770A EP0899425B1 EP 0899425 B1 EP0899425 B1 EP 0899425B1 EP 98810770 A EP98810770 A EP 98810770A EP 98810770 A EP98810770 A EP 98810770A EP 0899425 B1 EP0899425 B1 EP 0899425B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- blade
- turbine blade
- cooling passage
- cooling system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 141
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000031872 Body Remains Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
- F01D5/187—Convection cooling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a turbine blade of a gas turbine according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the turbine blades are at least partially hollow in their interior and have one or more cooling channels.
- the latter are from one Cooling fluid flows through, the cooling effect through convective heat transfer arises inside the blade body.
- An additional film cooling is possible by placing parts of the cooling fluid through openings in the blade body on the Be guided outside of the turbine blade. A film of cooling fluid forms there, which the outside of the turbine blade from the hot working medium shields the turbine (see DE 36 42 789 C2).
- cooling fluid are from the compressor the gas turbine plant or from an external source and under Overpressurized air or also appropriately treated water vapor are known.
- steam cooling systems which come from a steam cycle First of all keep the steam in a closed cooling circuit.
- the steam heated by the convective cooling process becomes the again Steam circuit supplied (see EP 06 98 723 A2).
- They are also open steam cooling systems known in which the heated steam through openings in the blade body is directed to the outside of the turbine blade.
- Hybrid steam cooling systems with a closed body and one in the area of the blade trailing edge open cooling system, the latter with Steam or air is operated.
- Closed steam cooling systems have both open and opposite the above-mentioned hybrid steam cooling systems process advantages. The range of uses such systems are increasing today particularly because of their higher Efficiency.
- a closed steam cooling system can penetrate foreign bodies in the cooling channel adjacent to the blade leading edge be severely damaged.
- a lot of cooling steam escapes that downstream of the impact point is not sufficient Bucket cooling takes place more. This causes the material to overheat, which is why serious consequential damage can occur.
- US-A-5,634,766 discloses a turbine vane with a closed one Steam cooling system.
- the steam is passed through baffle plates and internal inserts.
- US-A-5,603,606 discloses a turbine blade with an internal cooling system, which is located in the front edge of the turbine blade. Cooling air is drawn from a first Channel tangentially guided into an approximately circular second channel and swirled there. Thereafter, the air is passed through film cooling holes into those surrounding the turbine blade Hot gases blown in.
- the document WO 98/45577 discloses a turbine blade with an outer wall, at least a cooling chamber thermally coupled to the outer wall with an inlet and an outlet for a cooling fluid is provided.
- the cooling fluid supply and the cooling fluid discharge are fluidly connected to the cooling chamber.
- the invention tries to avoid all of these disadvantages. It is based on the task To create turbine blades with increased functional reliability.
- the open cooling system particularly advantageously consists of two parallel to one another arranged and connected to one another via several feed openings Cooling channels.
- the cooling can also downstream of a leak of the first cooling channel by supplying the cooling medium from the second Cooling channel can be maintained.
- a first embodiment of the invention that is the blade leading edge Adjacent cooling duct at least approximately with a circular cross section.
- the film cooling holes are arranged tangentially starting from this first cooling channel, while the feed openings extend tangentially from the second cooling channel and also lead tangentially into the first cooling channel.
- This is the cooling medium A rotating movement is impressed in the first cooling channel. This vortex of the cooling medium ensures improved convective cooling in the interior as well as for effective film cooling of the blade body.
- the film cooling holes face the suction wall and at least approximately in the flow direction of the working fluid of the gas turbine are aligned.
- the one emerging from the film cooling holes at high speed The desired flow direction is thus already the cooling medium specified. This can have a better effect on the suction side Wall of the turbine blade spreading cooling film and thus an improved Film cooling can be achieved.
- the closed Steam cooling system also consists of at least two arranged parallel to each other Cooling channels, which are connected to each other via connection openings. After foreign objects have been struck, the cooling medium flows through the connection openings to the corresponding impact points, so that the cooling side downstream cooling sections can be filled with cooling medium. On in this way the functional reliability of the turbine blades can be further increased become.
- the gas turbine system for example, does not show the compressor, the combustion chamber and the guide vanes of the gas turbine.
- the flow direction the work equipment is marked with arrows.
- the gas turbine has several rows of rotor and guide blades.
- 1 shows one of the rotor blades 1 according to the prior art. It consists of one Blade root 2 and a blade body 3.
- the blade body 3 of the moving blade 1 has a suction-side wall 4, one opposite, pressure-side Wall 5, a blade leading edge 6 and a blade leading edge 7 on. It has a hollow interior 8 which is in the area of the suction side Wall 4, the pressure side wall 5 and the blade leading edge 7 a closed Steam cooling system 9, with a cooling channel 10 (Fig. 2).
- an open cooling system 11 with two in parallel mutually arranged cooling channels 14, 15 are formed. Between the closed Steam cooling system 9 and the open cooling system 11 is a partition 16 arranged.
- the first cooling channel 14 of the open cooling system 11 is the blade leading edge 6 adjacent, circular and with the second cooling channel 15 over a plurality of feed openings 18 arranged in an intermediate wall 17 are connected.
- the first cooling channel 14 can also have other suitable shapes, such as, for example approximately circular, elliptical or potato-shaped Have training (not shown).
- the intermediate wall 17 is in the area of Blade root 2 connected to the suction-side wall 4 via a connecting piece 19, wherein in the connector 19 a plurality of cooling holes 20 for local cooling the suction-side wall 4 are arranged.
- the feed openings 18 arranged in the intermediate wall 17 close tangentially to the two cooling channels 14, 15.
- a film hole row 21 with each several tangential to the suction side wall 4 and approximately in the direction of flow 12 of the working fluid 13 of the gas turbine aligned film cooling holes 22 educated.
- a plurality of rows of film holes 21 can also be arranged in the blade body 3 be what in Figure 3 by a second, dashed line of film holes 21 is indicated.
- Air is used as the cooling medium 23.
- the air 23 is in the blade root 2 arranged supply channel 24 introduced into the second cooling channel 15 and serves there the convective cooling of the blade body 3 Air 23 via the supply openings 18 in the first cooling channel 14, where they Blade body 3 also cools convectively.
- the air 23 experiences the first cooling channel 14 and its tangential injection a rotating movement, which significantly improves the cooling effect.
- the air 23 passes from the first cooling duct 14 through the tangential ones Film cooling holes 22 on the suction side wall 4.
- Cooling film softer the outer surface of the blade body 3 from shields hot working fluid 13 of the gas turbine.
- appropriately prepared water vapor can also be used as the cooling medium 23 Find use.
- both the closed and the open cooling system 9, 11 operated with the same cooling medium 23, 26. Therefore no separate coolant supply is required, so that the partition between shortened the two cooling systems 9, 11 in the area of the blade root 2 can be trained (not shown).
- the cooling medium that got into the working fluid 13 of the gas turbine during the cooling process 23 of the open cooling system 11 is in the downstream part of the turbine blading relaxed.
- the closed steam cooling system 9 recycled steam used as cooling medium 26 and for example relaxed in the steam circuit of a steam turbine connected to the gas turbine (not shown).
- the closed steam cooling system 9 designed as a serpentine cooling system. It consists of two parallel to each other arranged cooling channels 27, 28 which extend in the longitudinal direction of the blade from the blade root 2 extend to the tip of the blade 29.
- the cooling channels 27, 28 are on the blade tip 29 is deflected in the direction of the blade root 2 of the rotor blade 1 (Fig. 3).
- rib walls 30 Between the two parallel and in the same direction from steam 26 through which cooling channels 27, 28 are arranged are rib walls 30 which have a plurality of connection openings 31.
- connection openings 31 FIG. 4
- holes 25 can also be made in the area of the closed steam cooling system 9 can be compensated. It comes to Impact of foreign bodies in this area of the blade 1 flows the cooling medium from the cooling channel 27, 28 not affected by the Connection openings 31 to the corresponding holes 25, so that the Cooling section downstream of the cooling side can again be filled with steam 26.
- the the Process sequences relating to open cooling system 11 are analogous to those from, for example, FIGS. 1 and 2 specified.
- guide vanes can refer to a gas turbine their cooling are formed analogously.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Turbinenschaufel einer Gasturbine gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a turbine blade of a gas turbine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Die Leistungssteigerung und die Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades der heutigen Gasturbinenanlagen werden nicht zuletzt durch eine Erhöhung der Temperaturen erzielt. Da die Temperaturfestigkeit des Materials der Gasturbine jedoch begrenzt ist, müssen die den höchsten Temperaturen ausgesetzten Bauteile gekühlt werden. Dies betrifft insbesondere auch die Leit- und Laufschaufeln der Gasturbine.Increasing performance and improving efficiency today Gas turbine plants are not least due to an increase in temperatures achieved. However, since the temperature resistance of the material of the gas turbine is limited components exposed to the highest temperatures must be cooled. This particularly applies to the guide and rotor blades of the gas turbine.
Dazu sind die Turbinenschaufeln in ihrem Inneren zumindest teilweise hohl ausgebildet und weisen einen oder mehrere Kühlkanäle auf. Letztere werden von einem Kühlfluid durchflossen, wobei die Kühlwirkung durch konvektiven Wärmeübergang im Inneren des Schaufelkörpers entsteht. Eine zusätzliche Filmkühlung ist möglich, indem Teile des Kühlfluids durch Öffnungen im Schaufelkörper auf die Aussenseite der Turbinenschaufel geleitet werden. Dort bildet sich ein Kühlfluidfilm, welcher die Aussenseite der Turbinenschaufel vom heissen Arbeitsmedium der Turbine abschirmt (s. DE 36 42 789 C2). Als Kühlfluid sind aus dem Verdichter der Gasturbinenanlage oder aus einer externen Quelle stammende und unter Überdruck stehende Luft oder auch entsprechend aufbereiteter Wasserdampf bekannt.For this purpose, the turbine blades are at least partially hollow in their interior and have one or more cooling channels. The latter are from one Cooling fluid flows through, the cooling effect through convective heat transfer arises inside the blade body. An additional film cooling is possible by placing parts of the cooling fluid through openings in the blade body on the Be guided outside of the turbine blade. A film of cooling fluid forms there, which the outside of the turbine blade from the hot working medium shields the turbine (see DE 36 42 789 C2). As cooling fluid are from the compressor the gas turbine plant or from an external source and under Overpressurized air or also appropriately treated water vapor are known.
Technisch unterschiedlich sind Dampfkühlsysteme, die den aus einem Dampfkreislauf stammenden Dampf zunächst in einem geschlossenen Kühlkreislauf halten. Der durch den konvektiven Kühlprozess erwärmte Dampf wird erneut dem Dampfkreislauf zugeführt (s. EP 06 98 723 A2). Es sind auch offene Dampfkühlsysteme bekannt, bei denen der erhitzte Dampf über Öffnungen im Schaufelkörper auf die Aussenseite der Turbinenschaufel geleitet wird. Zudem gibt es sogenannte hybride Dampfkühlsysteme mit einem geschlossenen Hauptteil und einem im Bereich der Schaufelhinterkante offenen Kühlsystem, wobei letzteres mit Dampf oder mit Luft betrieben wird.Technically different are steam cooling systems, which come from a steam cycle First of all keep the steam in a closed cooling circuit. The steam heated by the convective cooling process becomes the again Steam circuit supplied (see EP 06 98 723 A2). They are also open steam cooling systems known in which the heated steam through openings in the blade body is directed to the outside of the turbine blade. There are also so-called Hybrid steam cooling systems with a closed body and one in the area of the blade trailing edge open cooling system, the latter with Steam or air is operated.
Geschlossene Dampfkühlsysteme besitzen gegenüber offenen und auch gegenüber den genannten hybriden Dampfkühlsystemen prozessuale Vorteile. Das Einsatzspektrum solcher Systeme steigt heute insbesondere wegen ihres höheren Wirkungsgrades. Jedoch kann ein geschlossenes Dampfkühlsystem durch Eindringen von Fremdkörpern in den der Schaufeleintrittskante benachbarten Kühlkanal stark geschädigt werden. Je nach Anzahl und Grösse der sich beim Aufschlagen der Fremdkörper in der Schaufeleintrittskante bildenden Löcher, kann so viel Kühldampf entweichen, dass stromab der Einschlagstelle keine ausreichende Schaufelkühlung mehr stattfindet. Dadurch wird das Material überhitzt, weshalb gravierende Folgeschäden auftreten können. Closed steam cooling systems have both open and opposite the above-mentioned hybrid steam cooling systems process advantages. The range of uses such systems are increasing today particularly because of their higher Efficiency. However, a closed steam cooling system can penetrate foreign bodies in the cooling channel adjacent to the blade leading edge be severely damaged. Depending on the number and size of when opening the foreign body can form holes in the blade leading edge a lot of cooling steam escapes that downstream of the impact point is not sufficient Bucket cooling takes place more. This causes the material to overheat, which is why serious consequential damage can occur.
Die Schrift US-A-5,634,766 offenbart eine Leitschaufel einer Turbine mit einem geschlossenem Dampfkühlsystem. Der Dampf wird dabei durch Prallplatten und interne Einsätze geleitet. Zusätzlich ist ein offenes Kühlsystem, welche mit Luft arbeitet, an der Hinterkante vorhanden.US-A-5,634,766 discloses a turbine vane with a closed one Steam cooling system. The steam is passed through baffle plates and internal inserts. In addition, there is an open cooling system that works with air at the rear edge.
Die Schrift US-A-5,603,606 offenbart eine Turbinenschaufel mit einem internen Kühlsystem, welches sich in der Vorderkante der Turbinenschaufel befindet. Kühlluft wird von einem ersten Kanal tangential in einen annähernd kreisförmigen zweiten Kanal geleitet und dort verwirbelt. Danach wird die Luft durch Filmkühlungslöchern in die die Turbinenschaufel umgebenden Heissgase eingeblasen.US-A-5,603,606 discloses a turbine blade with an internal cooling system, which is located in the front edge of the turbine blade. Cooling air is drawn from a first Channel tangentially guided into an approximately circular second channel and swirled there. Thereafter, the air is passed through film cooling holes into those surrounding the turbine blade Hot gases blown in.
Die Schrift WO 98/45577 offenbart eine Turbinenschaufel mit einer Aussenwand, wobei zumindest eine an die Aussenwand wärmetechnisch gekoppelte Kühlkammer mit einem Einlass und einem Auslass für ein Kühlfluid vorgesehen ist. Die Kühlfluidzufuhr und die Kühlfluidabführung sind strömungstechnisch mit der Kühlkammer verbunden.The document WO 98/45577 discloses a turbine blade with an outer wall, at least a cooling chamber thermally coupled to the outer wall with an inlet and an outlet for a cooling fluid is provided. The cooling fluid supply and the cooling fluid discharge are fluidly connected to the cooling chamber.
Die Erfindung versucht, alle diese Nachteile zu vermeiden. Ihr liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Turbinenschaufeln mit erhöhter Funktionssicherheit zu schaffen.The invention tries to avoid all of these disadvantages. It is based on the task To create turbine blades with increased functional reliability.
Erfindungsgemäss wird dies bei einer Vorrichtung gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 dadurch erreicht, dass
- sowohl Einlass- als auch Auslasskanäle des Dampfkühlsystems sich vom Schaufelfuss zur Schaufelspitze erstrecken und an der Schaufelspitze miteinander verbunden sind,
- wobei innerhalb des Einlasskühlkanals und/oder des Auslasskühlkanals Rippenwände mit Verbindungsöffnungen angeordnet sind und
- das offene Kühlsystem im Bereich der Schaufeleintrittskante mit zumindest einem Kühlkanal und mehreren den Schaufelkörper durchdringenden Filmkühllöchern ausgebildet ist.
- both inlet and outlet channels of the steam cooling system extend from the blade root to the blade tip and are connected to one another at the blade tip,
- wherein rib walls with connecting openings are arranged within the inlet cooling duct and / or the outlet cooling duct and
- the open cooling system is formed in the region of the blade leading edge with at least one cooling channel and a plurality of film cooling holes penetrating the blade body.
Infolge der Trennung der Schaufelkühlung in zwei getrennte Kühlsysteme, ist bei Fremdkörpereinschlägen der üblichen Grösse nur das der Schaufeleintrittskante benachbarte, offene Kühlsystem betroffen. Die mittels Dampf konvektiv erfolgende Kühlung des Hauptteils des Schaufelkörpers bleibt jedoch gesichert. Im Bereich der Schaufeleintrittskante wird der Schaufelkörper über das offene Kühlsystem ebenfalls konvektiv und zusätzlich filmgekühlt.As a result of the separation of the blade cooling into two separate cooling systems, Foreign body impacts of the usual size only that of the blade leading edge neighboring, open cooling system affected. The convective one using steam However, cooling of the main part of the blade body remains ensured. In the area the blade leading edge becomes the blade body via the open cooling system also convective and additionally film cooled.
Besonders vorteilhaft besteht das offene Kühlsystem aus zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten sowie über mehrere Zuführöffnungen miteinander verbundenen Kühlkanälen. Bei dieser Ausbildung kann die Kühlung auch stromab einer Leckagestelle des ersten Kühlkanals durch Zufuhr des Kühlmedium aus dem zweiten Kühlkanal aufrechterhalten werden.The open cooling system particularly advantageously consists of two parallel to one another arranged and connected to one another via several feed openings Cooling channels. With this design, the cooling can also downstream of a leak of the first cooling channel by supplying the cooling medium from the second Cooling channel can be maintained.
In einer ersten Ausgestaltungsform der Erfindung ist der der Schaufeleintrittskante benachbarte Kühlkanal zumindest annähernd mit kreisförmig ein Querschnitt ausgebildet. Die Filmkühllöcher sind tangential von diesem ersten Kühlkanal ausgehend angeordnet, während die Zuführöffnungen tangential vom zweiten Kühlkanal ausgehen und ebenfalls tangential in den ersten Kühlkanal münden. Dadurch wird dem Kühlmedium im ersten Kühlkanal eine rotierende Bewegung aufgeprägt. Dieser Wirbel des Kühlmediums sorgt sowohl für eine verbesserte konvektive Kühlung im Innenraum als auch für eine effektive Filmkühlung des Schaufelkörpers.In a first embodiment of the invention, that is the blade leading edge Adjacent cooling duct at least approximately with a circular cross section. The film cooling holes are arranged tangentially starting from this first cooling channel, while the feed openings extend tangentially from the second cooling channel and also lead tangentially into the first cooling channel. This is the cooling medium A rotating movement is impressed in the first cooling channel. This vortex of the cooling medium ensures improved convective cooling in the interior as well as for effective film cooling of the blade body.
Es ist besonders zweckmässig, wenn die Filmkühllöcher zur saugseitigen Wand und zumindest annähernd in Strömungsrichtung des Arbeitsfluids der Gasturbine ausgerichtet sind. Dem mit hoher Geschwindigkeit aus den Filmkühllöchern austretenden Kühlmedium wird somit die gewünschte Strömungsrichtung bereits vorgegeben. Auf diese Weise kann eine bessere Wirkung des sich auf der saugseitigen Wand der Turbinenschaufel ausbreitenden Kühlfilmes und somit eine verbesserte Filmkühlung erreicht werden.It is particularly useful if the film cooling holes face the suction wall and at least approximately in the flow direction of the working fluid of the gas turbine are aligned. The one emerging from the film cooling holes at high speed The desired flow direction is thus already the cooling medium specified. This can have a better effect on the suction side Wall of the turbine blade spreading cooling film and thus an improved Film cooling can be achieved.
Entsprechend der Erfindung besteht das geschlossene Dampfkühlsystem ebenfalls aus zumindest zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten Kühlkanälen, welche über Verbindungsöffnungen miteinander verbunden sind. Nach Einschlägen von Fremdkörpern strömt das Kühlmedium durch die Verbindungsöffnungen zu den entsprechenden Einschlagstellen, so dass sich die kühlseitig stromab liegende Kühlstrecken wieder mit Kühlmedium füllen können. Auf diese Weise kann die Funktionssicherheit der Turbinenschaufeln weiter erhöht werden.According to the invention there is the closed Steam cooling system also consists of at least two arranged parallel to each other Cooling channels, which are connected to each other via connection openings. After foreign objects have been struck, the cooling medium flows through the connection openings to the corresponding impact points, so that the cooling side downstream cooling sections can be filled with cooling medium. On in this way the functional reliability of the turbine blades can be further increased become.
Schliesslich wird je nach Verfügbarkeit im offenen Kühlsystem Luft oder, wie im geschlossenen Kühlsystem, Dampf als Kühlmedium eingesetzt.Finally, depending on availability, air or, as in the closed cooling system, steam used as cooling medium.
In der Zeichnung sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele anhand der Laufschaufel einer Gasturbine dargestellt.In the drawing, two exemplary embodiments based on the rotor blade are one Gas turbine shown.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Teillängsschnitt einer Laufschaufel mit einem geschlossenen und einem offenen Kühlsystem nach dem Stand der Technik;
- Fig. 2
- einen Querschnitt durch Fig. 1 in der Ebene II-II (vergrössert);
- Fig. 3
- einen Teillängsschnitt einer Laufschaufel mit einem geschlossenen und einem offenen Kühlsystem gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- Fig. 4
- einen Querschnitt durch Fig. 3 in der Ebene IV-IV (vergrössert).
- Fig. 1
- a partial longitudinal section of a blade with a closed and an open cooling system according to the prior art;
- Fig. 2
- a cross section through Figure 1 in the plane II-II (enlarged).
- Fig. 3
- a partial longitudinal section of a blade with a closed and an open cooling system according to the present invention;
- Fig. 4
- a cross section through Fig. 3 in the plane IV-IV (enlarged).
Es sind nur die für das Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente gezeigt. Nicht dargestellt sind von der Gasturbinenanlage beispielsweise der Verdichter, die Brennkammer und die Leitschaufeln der Gasturbine. Die Strömungsrichtung der Arbeitsmittel ist mit Pfeilen bezeichnet.Only the elements essential for understanding the invention are shown. The gas turbine system, for example, does not show the compressor, the combustion chamber and the guide vanes of the gas turbine. The flow direction the work equipment is marked with arrows.
Die nicht dargestellte Gasturbine besitzt mehrere Reihen von Lauf- und Leitschaufeln.
In Figur 1 ist eine der Laufschaufeln 1 nach dem Stand der Technik dargestellt. Sie besteht aus einem
Schaufelfuss 2 und einem Schaufelkörper 3. Der Schaufelkörper 3 der Laufschaufel
1 weist eine saugseitige Wand 4, eine dieser gegenüberliegende, druckseitige
Wand 5, eine Schaufeleintrittskante 6 und eine Schaufelaustrittskante 7
auf. Er besitzt einen hohlen Innenraum 8, welcher im Bereich der saugseitigen
Wand 4, der druckseitigen Wand 5 und der Schaufelaustrittskante 7 ein geschlossenes
Dampfkühlsystem 9, mit einem Kühlkanal 10 aufnimmt (Fig. 2). Dagegen ist
im Bereich der Schaufeleintrittskante 6 ein offenes Kühlsystem 11 mit zwei parallel
zueinander angeordneten Kühlkanälen 14, 15 ausgebildet. Zwischen dem geschlossenen
Dampfkühlsystem 9 und dem offenen Kühlsystem 11 ist eine Trennwand
16 angeordnet.The gas turbine, not shown, has several rows of rotor and guide blades.
1 shows one of the rotor blades 1 according to the prior art. It consists of one
Der erste Kühlkanal 14 des offenen Kühlsystems 11 ist der Schaufeleintrittskante
6 benachbart, kreisförmig ausgebildet und mit dem zweiten Kühlkanal 15 über
mehrere in einer Zwischenwand 17 angeordnete Zuführöffnungen 18 verbunden.
Natürlich kann der erste Kühlkanal 14 auch andere geeignete Formen, wie beispielsweise
eine annähernd kreisförmige, eine ellipsen- oder eine kartoffelförmige
Ausbildung aufweisen (nicht dargestellt). Die Zwischenwand 17 ist im Bereich des
Schaufelfusses 2 über ein Verbindungsstück 19 mit der saugseitigen Wand 4 verbunden,
wobei im Verbindungsstück 19 mehrere Kühllöcher 20 zur lokalen Kühlung
der saugseitigen Wand 4 angeordnet sind.The
Die in der Zwischenwand 17 angeordneten Zuführöffnungen 18 schliessen tangential
an die beiden Kühlkanäle 14, 15 an. Ausgehend vom ersten Kühlkanal 14
ist im Schaufelkörper 3, diesen durchdringend, eine Filmlochreihe 21 mit jeweils
mehreren tangentialen, zur saugseitigen Wand 4 sowie annähernd in Strömungsrichtung
12 des Arbeitsfluids 13 der Gasturbine ausgerichteten Filmkühllöchern 22
ausgebildet. Im Schaufelkörper 3 können auch mehrere Filmlochreihen 21 angeordnet
sein, was in Figur 3 durch eine zweite, gestrichelt dargestellte Filmlochreihe
21 angedeutet ist.The
Beim Betrieb der Gasturbinenanlage wird das aus der Brennkammer stammende
heisse Arbeitsfluid 13 in die Gasturbine eingeleitet und dort über die Laufschaufeln
1 entspannt. Dabei können feste Partikel in die Gasturbine eindringen und mit
deren Bauteilen kollidieren. Weil das offene Kühlsystem 11 im Bereich der Schaufeleintrittskante
6 und damit in Strömungsrichtung 12 des Arbeitsfluids 13 der
Gasturbine am weitesten stromauf angeordnet ist, können die im Arbeitsfluid 13
enthaltenen und auf dem Schaufelkörper 3 der Laufschaufel 1 auftreffenden Partikel
fast ausschliesslich das offene Kühlsystem 11 beschädigen, während das
von diesem getrennte, geschlossene Kühlsystem 9 geschützt ist. Aus diesem
Grund ist die Kühlung des Hauptteils des Schaufelkörpers 3 von vornherein abgesichert.When the gas turbine system is in operation, it comes from the combustion chamber
hot working
Im offenen Kühlsystem 11 wird entweder aus dem Verdichter der Gasturbinenanlage
oder aus einer externen Quelle stammende und unter Überdruck stehende
Luft als Kühlmedium 23 eingesetzt. Die Luft 23 wird über einen im Schaufelfuss 2
angeordneten Zuführkanal 24 in den zweiten Kühlkanal 15 eingeleitet und dient
dort der konvektiven Kühlung des Schaufelkörpers 3. Anschliessend gelangt die
Luft 23 über die Zuführöffnungen 18 in den ersten Kühlkanal 14, wo sie den
Schaufelkörper 3 ebenfalls konvektiv kühlt. Infolge der kreisförmigen Ausbildung
des ersten Kühlkanals 14 und ihrer tangentialen Eindüsung erfährt die Luft 23
eine rotierende Bewegung, was die Kühlwirkung deutlich verbessert. Ausgehend
vom ersten Kühlkanal 14 gelangt die Luft 23 durch die ebenfalls tangential angeordneten
Filmkühllöcher 22 auf die saugseitige Wand 4. Dort bildet sie einen dünnen
Kühlfilm aus, weicher die äussere Oberfläche des Schaufelkörpers 3 vom
heissen Arbeitsfluid 13 der Gasturbine abschirmt. Durch die Ausrichtung der Filmkühllöcher
22 wird die Luft 23 bereits annähernd in Strömungsrichtung 12 des Arbeitsfluids
13 der Gasturbine ausgedüst, was die Filmkühlung weiter verbessert.In the
Natürlich kann auch entsprechend aufbereiteter Wasserdampf als Kühlmedium 23
Verwendung finden. In diesem Fall werden sowohl das geschlossene als auch
das offene Kühlsystem 9, 11 mit dem gleichen Kühlmedium 23, 26 betrieben. Daher
ist keine getrennte Kühlmittelzufuhr erforderlich, so dass die Trennwand zwischen
den beiden Kühlsystemen 9, 11 im Bereich des Schaufelfusses 2 verkürzt
ausgebildet werden kann (nicht dargestellt). Of course, appropriately prepared water vapor can also be used as the cooling
Die im Arbeitsfluid 13 enthaltenen Partikel treffen mit grosser kinetischer Energie
auf die Schaufeleintrittskante 6 der Laufschaufel 1 auf und können diese durchdringen.
Dadurch werden in diesem Bereich Löcher 25 in den Schaufelkörper 3
geschlagen (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Die durch die Löcher 25 entweichende Luft 23 wird
durch zusätzliche Zuführung von Luft 23 aus dem zweiten Kühlkanal 15 kompensiert.
Eventuell eindringendes heisses Arbeitsfluid 13 der Gasturbine wird zunächst
im Zentrum der verwirbelten Luft 23 gehalten und schliesslich mit dieser
verdünnt, so dass die Kühlung im offenen Kühlsystem 11 auch nach Einschlag
von Partikeln aufrechterhalten werden kann.The particles contained in the working
Das beim Kühlvorgang in das Arbeitsfluid 13 der Gasturbine gelangte Kühlmedium
23 des offenen Kühlsystems 11 wird im stromab liegenden Teil der Turbinenbeschaufelung
entspannt. Demgegenüber wird der im geschlossenen Dampfkühlsystem
9 als Kühlmedium 26 eingesetzte Dampf zurückgeführt und beispielsweise
im Dampfkreislauf einer mit der Gasturbine verbundenen Dampfturbine entspannt
(nicht dargestellt).The cooling medium that got into the working
Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist das geschlossene Dampfkühlsystem 9
als Serpentinenkühlsystem ausgebildet. Es besteht aus zwei parallel zueinander
angeordneten Kühlkanälen 27, 28, die sich in Schaufellängsrichtung vom Schaufelfuss
2 bis zur Schaufelspitze 29 erstrecken. Die Kühlkanäle 27, 28 werden an
der Schaufelspitze 29 in Richtung Schaufelfuss 2 der Laufschaufel 1 umgelenkt
(Fig. 3). Zwischen den beiden parallelen und in gleicher Richtung vom Dampf 26
durchströmten Kühlkanälen 27, 28 sind Rippenwände 30 angeordnet, welche
mehrere Verbindungsöffnungen 31 aufweisen. Natürlich ist auch zwischen den in
entgegengesetzter Richtung durchströmten Kühlkanälen 28, 27 eine Rippenwand
32 angeordnet. Diese besitzt jedoch keine Verbindungsöffnungen 31 (Fig. 4). An
der Schaufelspitze 29 befinden sich Austrittsöffnungen 33 für eventuelle Schmutzpartikel
oder andere Fremdkörper des Kühlmediums 26. In the exemplary embodiment, the closed
Beim Betrieb einer solchen Gasturbinenanlage können auch Löcher 25 im Bereich
des geschlossenen Dampfkühlsystems 9 kompensiert werden. Kommt es zum
Einschlagen von Fremdkörpern in diesem Bereich der Laufschaufel 1, so strömt
das Kühlmedium aus dem jeweils nicht betroffenen Kühlkanal 27, 28 durch die
Verbindungsöffnungen 31 zu den entsprechenden Löchern 25, so dass sich die
kühlseitig stromab liegende Kühlstrecke wieder mit Dampf 26 füllen kann. Die das
offene Kühlsystem 11 betreffenden Verfahrensabläufe sind analog den zum Beispiel aus Fig. 1 und 2
angegebene.When operating such a gas turbine system, holes 25 can also be made in the area
of the closed
Natürlich können die nicht dargestellten Leitschaufeln einer Gasturbine bezüglich ihrer Kühlung analog ausgebildet werden.Of course, the guide vanes, not shown, can refer to a gas turbine their cooling are formed analogously.
- 11
- Laufschaufelblade
- 22
- Schaufelfussblade root
- 33
- Schaufelkörperblade body
- 44
- saugseitige Wandsuction side wall
- 55
- druckseitige Wandpressure side wall
- 66
- SchaufeleintrittskanteBlade leading edge
- 77
- SchaufelaustrittskanteBlade outlet edge
- 88th
- hohler Innenraum, von 3hollow interior, from 3
- 99
- Dampfkühlsystem, geschlossenesSteam cooling system, closed
- 1010
- Kühlkanalcooling channel
- 1111
- Kühlsystem, offenesCooling system, open
- 1212
- Strömungsrichtungflow direction
- 1313
- Arbeitsfluidworking fluid
- 1414
- Kühlkanal, ersterCooling channel, first
- 1515
- Kühlkanal, zweiterCooling channel, second
- 1616
- Trennwand partition wall
- 1717
- Zwischenwandpartition
- 1818
- Zuführöffnungfeed
- 1919
- Verbindungsstückjoint
- 2020
- Kühllochcooling hole
- 2121
- FilmlochreiheFilm hole row
- 2222
- FilmkühllochFilm cooling hole
- 2323
- Kühlmedium, Luft, WasserdampfCoolant, air, water vapor
- 2424
- Zuführkanalfeed
- 2525
- Lochhole
- 2626
- Kühlmedium, DampfCooling medium, steam
- 2727
- Kühlkanalcooling channel
- 2828
- Kühlkanalcooling channel
- 2929
- Schaufelspitzeblade tip
- 3030
- Rippenwand, zwischen 27 und 28Rib wall, between 27 and 28
- 3131
- Verbindungsöffnungconnecting opening
- 3232
- Rippenwand, zwischen 28 und 27Rib wall, between 28 and 27
- 3333
- Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
Claims (10)
- Turbine blade of a gas turbine, having ablade body (3) consisting ofa blade tip and a blade root (2),a leading blade edge (6) and a trailing blade edge (7),a suction-side and a pressure-side wall (4, 5) anda hollow interior space (8),in which hollow interior space (8) a plurality of cooling passages (10, 14, 15, 27, 28) carrying at least one cooling medium (23, 26) are arranged,the interior space (8) in the region of the suction-side wall (4), the pressure-side wall (5) and the trailing blade edge (7) having a closed steam-cooling system (9) with at least one inlet. cooling passage (10, 27, 28) and at least one outlet cooling passage (10, 27, 28), andat least one open cooling system beingboth the inlet and the outlet passages (10, 27, 28) of the steam-cooling system extend from the blade root (2) to the blade tip and are connected to one another at the blade tip,rib walls (30) having connecting openings (31) being arranged inside the inlet cooling passage (10, 27, 28) and/or the outlet cooling passage (10, 27, 28), andthe open cooling system (11) in the region of the leading blade edge (6) being formed with at least one cooling passage (14, 15) and a plurality of film-cooling holes (22) passing through the blade body (3).
- Turbine blade according to Claim 1, characterized in that the open cooling system (11) consists of two cooling passages (14, 15) arranged parallel to one another and connected to one another via a plurality of feed openings (18).
- Turbine blade according to Claim 2, characterized in that the film-cooling holes (22) are arranged so as to start tangentially from the first cooling passage (14) adjacent to the leading blade edge (6), and the feed openings (18) are arranged so as to start tangentially from the second cooling passage (15) and so as to lead, likewise tangentially, into the first cooling passage (14).
- Turbine blade according to Claim 3, characterized in that the first cooling passage (14) is designed at least approximately with a circular cross section.
- Turbine blade according to Claim 4, characterized in. that the film-cooling holes (22) are oriented towards the suction-side wall (4) and at least approximately in the direction of flow (12) of the working fluid (13).
- Turbine blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the. outlet cooling passage (10, 27, 28) is arranged adjacent to the trailing blade edge (7).
- Turbine blade according to Claim 6, characterized in that the inlet cooling passage (10, 27, 28) is arranged between the outlet cooling passage (10, 27, 28) and the open cooling system (11).
- Turbine blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one outlet opening (33) for foreign particles is arranged at the blade tip inside the closed steam-cooling system (9).
- Turbine blade according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that air or steam is used as cooling medium (23) in the open cooling system (11).
- Turbine blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the turbine blade is a moving blade.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19738065A DE19738065A1 (en) | 1997-09-01 | 1997-09-01 | Turbine blade of a gas turbine |
DE19738065 | 1997-09-01 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0899425A2 EP0899425A2 (en) | 1999-03-03 |
EP0899425A3 EP0899425A3 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
EP0899425B1 true EP0899425B1 (en) | 2003-12-03 |
Family
ID=7840791
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98810770A Expired - Lifetime EP0899425B1 (en) | 1997-09-01 | 1998-08-11 | Gas turbine blade |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6033181A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0899425B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11132003A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1120287C (en) |
DE (2) | DE19738065A1 (en) |
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-
1997
- 1997-09-01 DE DE19738065A patent/DE19738065A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-08-11 EP EP98810770A patent/EP0899425B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-11 DE DE59810315T patent/DE59810315D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-28 CN CN98116951A patent/CN1120287C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-28 US US09/141,586 patent/US6033181A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-31 JP JP10245038A patent/JPH11132003A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1120287C (en) | 2003-09-03 |
US6033181A (en) | 2000-03-07 |
DE59810315D1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
JPH11132003A (en) | 1999-05-18 |
DE19738065A1 (en) | 1999-03-04 |
EP0899425A2 (en) | 1999-03-03 |
CN1211667A (en) | 1999-03-24 |
EP0899425A3 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
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