EP0899425B1 - Gas turbine blade - Google Patents

Gas turbine blade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0899425B1
EP0899425B1 EP98810770A EP98810770A EP0899425B1 EP 0899425 B1 EP0899425 B1 EP 0899425B1 EP 98810770 A EP98810770 A EP 98810770A EP 98810770 A EP98810770 A EP 98810770A EP 0899425 B1 EP0899425 B1 EP 0899425B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
blade
turbine blade
cooling passage
cooling system
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EP98810770A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0899425A2 (en
EP0899425A3 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Dr. Endres
Hans Dr. Wettstein
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Schweiz AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/18Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/187Convection cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbine blade of a gas turbine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the turbine blades are at least partially hollow in their interior and have one or more cooling channels.
  • the latter are from one Cooling fluid flows through, the cooling effect through convective heat transfer arises inside the blade body.
  • An additional film cooling is possible by placing parts of the cooling fluid through openings in the blade body on the Be guided outside of the turbine blade. A film of cooling fluid forms there, which the outside of the turbine blade from the hot working medium shields the turbine (see DE 36 42 789 C2).
  • cooling fluid are from the compressor the gas turbine plant or from an external source and under Overpressurized air or also appropriately treated water vapor are known.
  • steam cooling systems which come from a steam cycle First of all keep the steam in a closed cooling circuit.
  • the steam heated by the convective cooling process becomes the again Steam circuit supplied (see EP 06 98 723 A2).
  • They are also open steam cooling systems known in which the heated steam through openings in the blade body is directed to the outside of the turbine blade.
  • Hybrid steam cooling systems with a closed body and one in the area of the blade trailing edge open cooling system, the latter with Steam or air is operated.
  • Closed steam cooling systems have both open and opposite the above-mentioned hybrid steam cooling systems process advantages. The range of uses such systems are increasing today particularly because of their higher Efficiency.
  • a closed steam cooling system can penetrate foreign bodies in the cooling channel adjacent to the blade leading edge be severely damaged.
  • a lot of cooling steam escapes that downstream of the impact point is not sufficient Bucket cooling takes place more. This causes the material to overheat, which is why serious consequential damage can occur.
  • US-A-5,634,766 discloses a turbine vane with a closed one Steam cooling system.
  • the steam is passed through baffle plates and internal inserts.
  • US-A-5,603,606 discloses a turbine blade with an internal cooling system, which is located in the front edge of the turbine blade. Cooling air is drawn from a first Channel tangentially guided into an approximately circular second channel and swirled there. Thereafter, the air is passed through film cooling holes into those surrounding the turbine blade Hot gases blown in.
  • the document WO 98/45577 discloses a turbine blade with an outer wall, at least a cooling chamber thermally coupled to the outer wall with an inlet and an outlet for a cooling fluid is provided.
  • the cooling fluid supply and the cooling fluid discharge are fluidly connected to the cooling chamber.
  • the invention tries to avoid all of these disadvantages. It is based on the task To create turbine blades with increased functional reliability.
  • the open cooling system particularly advantageously consists of two parallel to one another arranged and connected to one another via several feed openings Cooling channels.
  • the cooling can also downstream of a leak of the first cooling channel by supplying the cooling medium from the second Cooling channel can be maintained.
  • a first embodiment of the invention that is the blade leading edge Adjacent cooling duct at least approximately with a circular cross section.
  • the film cooling holes are arranged tangentially starting from this first cooling channel, while the feed openings extend tangentially from the second cooling channel and also lead tangentially into the first cooling channel.
  • This is the cooling medium A rotating movement is impressed in the first cooling channel. This vortex of the cooling medium ensures improved convective cooling in the interior as well as for effective film cooling of the blade body.
  • the film cooling holes face the suction wall and at least approximately in the flow direction of the working fluid of the gas turbine are aligned.
  • the one emerging from the film cooling holes at high speed The desired flow direction is thus already the cooling medium specified. This can have a better effect on the suction side Wall of the turbine blade spreading cooling film and thus an improved Film cooling can be achieved.
  • the closed Steam cooling system also consists of at least two arranged parallel to each other Cooling channels, which are connected to each other via connection openings. After foreign objects have been struck, the cooling medium flows through the connection openings to the corresponding impact points, so that the cooling side downstream cooling sections can be filled with cooling medium. On in this way the functional reliability of the turbine blades can be further increased become.
  • the gas turbine system for example, does not show the compressor, the combustion chamber and the guide vanes of the gas turbine.
  • the flow direction the work equipment is marked with arrows.
  • the gas turbine has several rows of rotor and guide blades.
  • 1 shows one of the rotor blades 1 according to the prior art. It consists of one Blade root 2 and a blade body 3.
  • the blade body 3 of the moving blade 1 has a suction-side wall 4, one opposite, pressure-side Wall 5, a blade leading edge 6 and a blade leading edge 7 on. It has a hollow interior 8 which is in the area of the suction side Wall 4, the pressure side wall 5 and the blade leading edge 7 a closed Steam cooling system 9, with a cooling channel 10 (Fig. 2).
  • an open cooling system 11 with two in parallel mutually arranged cooling channels 14, 15 are formed. Between the closed Steam cooling system 9 and the open cooling system 11 is a partition 16 arranged.
  • the first cooling channel 14 of the open cooling system 11 is the blade leading edge 6 adjacent, circular and with the second cooling channel 15 over a plurality of feed openings 18 arranged in an intermediate wall 17 are connected.
  • the first cooling channel 14 can also have other suitable shapes, such as, for example approximately circular, elliptical or potato-shaped Have training (not shown).
  • the intermediate wall 17 is in the area of Blade root 2 connected to the suction-side wall 4 via a connecting piece 19, wherein in the connector 19 a plurality of cooling holes 20 for local cooling the suction-side wall 4 are arranged.
  • the feed openings 18 arranged in the intermediate wall 17 close tangentially to the two cooling channels 14, 15.
  • a film hole row 21 with each several tangential to the suction side wall 4 and approximately in the direction of flow 12 of the working fluid 13 of the gas turbine aligned film cooling holes 22 educated.
  • a plurality of rows of film holes 21 can also be arranged in the blade body 3 be what in Figure 3 by a second, dashed line of film holes 21 is indicated.
  • Air is used as the cooling medium 23.
  • the air 23 is in the blade root 2 arranged supply channel 24 introduced into the second cooling channel 15 and serves there the convective cooling of the blade body 3 Air 23 via the supply openings 18 in the first cooling channel 14, where they Blade body 3 also cools convectively.
  • the air 23 experiences the first cooling channel 14 and its tangential injection a rotating movement, which significantly improves the cooling effect.
  • the air 23 passes from the first cooling duct 14 through the tangential ones Film cooling holes 22 on the suction side wall 4.
  • Cooling film softer the outer surface of the blade body 3 from shields hot working fluid 13 of the gas turbine.
  • appropriately prepared water vapor can also be used as the cooling medium 23 Find use.
  • both the closed and the open cooling system 9, 11 operated with the same cooling medium 23, 26. Therefore no separate coolant supply is required, so that the partition between shortened the two cooling systems 9, 11 in the area of the blade root 2 can be trained (not shown).
  • the cooling medium that got into the working fluid 13 of the gas turbine during the cooling process 23 of the open cooling system 11 is in the downstream part of the turbine blading relaxed.
  • the closed steam cooling system 9 recycled steam used as cooling medium 26 and for example relaxed in the steam circuit of a steam turbine connected to the gas turbine (not shown).
  • the closed steam cooling system 9 designed as a serpentine cooling system. It consists of two parallel to each other arranged cooling channels 27, 28 which extend in the longitudinal direction of the blade from the blade root 2 extend to the tip of the blade 29.
  • the cooling channels 27, 28 are on the blade tip 29 is deflected in the direction of the blade root 2 of the rotor blade 1 (Fig. 3).
  • rib walls 30 Between the two parallel and in the same direction from steam 26 through which cooling channels 27, 28 are arranged are rib walls 30 which have a plurality of connection openings 31.
  • connection openings 31 FIG. 4
  • holes 25 can also be made in the area of the closed steam cooling system 9 can be compensated. It comes to Impact of foreign bodies in this area of the blade 1 flows the cooling medium from the cooling channel 27, 28 not affected by the Connection openings 31 to the corresponding holes 25, so that the Cooling section downstream of the cooling side can again be filled with steam 26.
  • the the Process sequences relating to open cooling system 11 are analogous to those from, for example, FIGS. 1 and 2 specified.
  • guide vanes can refer to a gas turbine their cooling are formed analogously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Turbinenschaufel einer Gasturbine gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a turbine blade of a gas turbine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Leistungssteigerung und die Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades der heutigen Gasturbinenanlagen werden nicht zuletzt durch eine Erhöhung der Temperaturen erzielt. Da die Temperaturfestigkeit des Materials der Gasturbine jedoch begrenzt ist, müssen die den höchsten Temperaturen ausgesetzten Bauteile gekühlt werden. Dies betrifft insbesondere auch die Leit- und Laufschaufeln der Gasturbine.Increasing performance and improving efficiency today Gas turbine plants are not least due to an increase in temperatures achieved. However, since the temperature resistance of the material of the gas turbine is limited components exposed to the highest temperatures must be cooled. This particularly applies to the guide and rotor blades of the gas turbine.

Dazu sind die Turbinenschaufeln in ihrem Inneren zumindest teilweise hohl ausgebildet und weisen einen oder mehrere Kühlkanäle auf. Letztere werden von einem Kühlfluid durchflossen, wobei die Kühlwirkung durch konvektiven Wärmeübergang im Inneren des Schaufelkörpers entsteht. Eine zusätzliche Filmkühlung ist möglich, indem Teile des Kühlfluids durch Öffnungen im Schaufelkörper auf die Aussenseite der Turbinenschaufel geleitet werden. Dort bildet sich ein Kühlfluidfilm, welcher die Aussenseite der Turbinenschaufel vom heissen Arbeitsmedium der Turbine abschirmt (s. DE 36 42 789 C2). Als Kühlfluid sind aus dem Verdichter der Gasturbinenanlage oder aus einer externen Quelle stammende und unter Überdruck stehende Luft oder auch entsprechend aufbereiteter Wasserdampf bekannt.For this purpose, the turbine blades are at least partially hollow in their interior and have one or more cooling channels. The latter are from one Cooling fluid flows through, the cooling effect through convective heat transfer arises inside the blade body. An additional film cooling is possible by placing parts of the cooling fluid through openings in the blade body on the Be guided outside of the turbine blade. A film of cooling fluid forms there, which the outside of the turbine blade from the hot working medium shields the turbine (see DE 36 42 789 C2). As cooling fluid are from the compressor the gas turbine plant or from an external source and under Overpressurized air or also appropriately treated water vapor are known.

Technisch unterschiedlich sind Dampfkühlsysteme, die den aus einem Dampfkreislauf stammenden Dampf zunächst in einem geschlossenen Kühlkreislauf halten. Der durch den konvektiven Kühlprozess erwärmte Dampf wird erneut dem Dampfkreislauf zugeführt (s. EP 06 98 723 A2). Es sind auch offene Dampfkühlsysteme bekannt, bei denen der erhitzte Dampf über Öffnungen im Schaufelkörper auf die Aussenseite der Turbinenschaufel geleitet wird. Zudem gibt es sogenannte hybride Dampfkühlsysteme mit einem geschlossenen Hauptteil und einem im Bereich der Schaufelhinterkante offenen Kühlsystem, wobei letzteres mit Dampf oder mit Luft betrieben wird.Technically different are steam cooling systems, which come from a steam cycle First of all keep the steam in a closed cooling circuit. The steam heated by the convective cooling process becomes the again Steam circuit supplied (see EP 06 98 723 A2). They are also open steam cooling systems known in which the heated steam through openings in the blade body is directed to the outside of the turbine blade. There are also so-called Hybrid steam cooling systems with a closed body and one in the area of the blade trailing edge open cooling system, the latter with Steam or air is operated.

Geschlossene Dampfkühlsysteme besitzen gegenüber offenen und auch gegenüber den genannten hybriden Dampfkühlsystemen prozessuale Vorteile. Das Einsatzspektrum solcher Systeme steigt heute insbesondere wegen ihres höheren Wirkungsgrades. Jedoch kann ein geschlossenes Dampfkühlsystem durch Eindringen von Fremdkörpern in den der Schaufeleintrittskante benachbarten Kühlkanal stark geschädigt werden. Je nach Anzahl und Grösse der sich beim Aufschlagen der Fremdkörper in der Schaufeleintrittskante bildenden Löcher, kann so viel Kühldampf entweichen, dass stromab der Einschlagstelle keine ausreichende Schaufelkühlung mehr stattfindet. Dadurch wird das Material überhitzt, weshalb gravierende Folgeschäden auftreten können. Closed steam cooling systems have both open and opposite the above-mentioned hybrid steam cooling systems process advantages. The range of uses such systems are increasing today particularly because of their higher Efficiency. However, a closed steam cooling system can penetrate foreign bodies in the cooling channel adjacent to the blade leading edge be severely damaged. Depending on the number and size of when opening the foreign body can form holes in the blade leading edge a lot of cooling steam escapes that downstream of the impact point is not sufficient Bucket cooling takes place more. This causes the material to overheat, which is why serious consequential damage can occur.

Die Schrift US-A-5,634,766 offenbart eine Leitschaufel einer Turbine mit einem geschlossenem Dampfkühlsystem. Der Dampf wird dabei durch Prallplatten und interne Einsätze geleitet. Zusätzlich ist ein offenes Kühlsystem, welche mit Luft arbeitet, an der Hinterkante vorhanden.US-A-5,634,766 discloses a turbine vane with a closed one Steam cooling system. The steam is passed through baffle plates and internal inserts. In addition, there is an open cooling system that works with air at the rear edge.

Die Schrift US-A-5,603,606 offenbart eine Turbinenschaufel mit einem internen Kühlsystem, welches sich in der Vorderkante der Turbinenschaufel befindet. Kühlluft wird von einem ersten Kanal tangential in einen annähernd kreisförmigen zweiten Kanal geleitet und dort verwirbelt. Danach wird die Luft durch Filmkühlungslöchern in die die Turbinenschaufel umgebenden Heissgase eingeblasen.US-A-5,603,606 discloses a turbine blade with an internal cooling system, which is located in the front edge of the turbine blade. Cooling air is drawn from a first Channel tangentially guided into an approximately circular second channel and swirled there. Thereafter, the air is passed through film cooling holes into those surrounding the turbine blade Hot gases blown in.

Die Schrift WO 98/45577 offenbart eine Turbinenschaufel mit einer Aussenwand, wobei zumindest eine an die Aussenwand wärmetechnisch gekoppelte Kühlkammer mit einem Einlass und einem Auslass für ein Kühlfluid vorgesehen ist. Die Kühlfluidzufuhr und die Kühlfluidabführung sind strömungstechnisch mit der Kühlkammer verbunden.The document WO 98/45577 discloses a turbine blade with an outer wall, at least a cooling chamber thermally coupled to the outer wall with an inlet and an outlet for a cooling fluid is provided. The cooling fluid supply and the cooling fluid discharge are fluidly connected to the cooling chamber.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Erfindung versucht, alle diese Nachteile zu vermeiden. Ihr liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Turbinenschaufeln mit erhöhter Funktionssicherheit zu schaffen.The invention tries to avoid all of these disadvantages. It is based on the task To create turbine blades with increased functional reliability.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies bei einer Vorrichtung gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 dadurch erreicht, dass

  • sowohl Einlass- als auch Auslasskanäle des Dampfkühlsystems sich vom Schaufelfuss zur Schaufelspitze erstrecken und an der Schaufelspitze miteinander verbunden sind,
  • wobei innerhalb des Einlasskühlkanals und/oder des Auslasskühlkanals Rippenwände mit Verbindungsöffnungen angeordnet sind und
  • das offene Kühlsystem im Bereich der Schaufeleintrittskante mit zumindest einem Kühlkanal und mehreren den Schaufelkörper durchdringenden Filmkühllöchern ausgebildet ist.
According to the invention, this is achieved in a device according to the preamble of claim 1 in that
  • both inlet and outlet channels of the steam cooling system extend from the blade root to the blade tip and are connected to one another at the blade tip,
  • wherein rib walls with connecting openings are arranged within the inlet cooling duct and / or the outlet cooling duct and
  • the open cooling system is formed in the region of the blade leading edge with at least one cooling channel and a plurality of film cooling holes penetrating the blade body.

Infolge der Trennung der Schaufelkühlung in zwei getrennte Kühlsysteme, ist bei Fremdkörpereinschlägen der üblichen Grösse nur das der Schaufeleintrittskante benachbarte, offene Kühlsystem betroffen. Die mittels Dampf konvektiv erfolgende Kühlung des Hauptteils des Schaufelkörpers bleibt jedoch gesichert. Im Bereich der Schaufeleintrittskante wird der Schaufelkörper über das offene Kühlsystem ebenfalls konvektiv und zusätzlich filmgekühlt.As a result of the separation of the blade cooling into two separate cooling systems, Foreign body impacts of the usual size only that of the blade leading edge neighboring, open cooling system affected. The convective one using steam However, cooling of the main part of the blade body remains ensured. In the area the blade leading edge becomes the blade body via the open cooling system also convective and additionally film cooled.

Besonders vorteilhaft besteht das offene Kühlsystem aus zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten sowie über mehrere Zuführöffnungen miteinander verbundenen Kühlkanälen. Bei dieser Ausbildung kann die Kühlung auch stromab einer Leckagestelle des ersten Kühlkanals durch Zufuhr des Kühlmedium aus dem zweiten Kühlkanal aufrechterhalten werden.The open cooling system particularly advantageously consists of two parallel to one another arranged and connected to one another via several feed openings Cooling channels. With this design, the cooling can also downstream of a leak of the first cooling channel by supplying the cooling medium from the second Cooling channel can be maintained.

In einer ersten Ausgestaltungsform der Erfindung ist der der Schaufeleintrittskante benachbarte Kühlkanal zumindest annähernd mit kreisförmig ein Querschnitt ausgebildet. Die Filmkühllöcher sind tangential von diesem ersten Kühlkanal ausgehend angeordnet, während die Zuführöffnungen tangential vom zweiten Kühlkanal ausgehen und ebenfalls tangential in den ersten Kühlkanal münden. Dadurch wird dem Kühlmedium im ersten Kühlkanal eine rotierende Bewegung aufgeprägt. Dieser Wirbel des Kühlmediums sorgt sowohl für eine verbesserte konvektive Kühlung im Innenraum als auch für eine effektive Filmkühlung des Schaufelkörpers.In a first embodiment of the invention, that is the blade leading edge Adjacent cooling duct at least approximately with a circular cross section. The film cooling holes are arranged tangentially starting from this first cooling channel, while the feed openings extend tangentially from the second cooling channel and also lead tangentially into the first cooling channel. This is the cooling medium A rotating movement is impressed in the first cooling channel. This vortex of the cooling medium ensures improved convective cooling in the interior as well as for effective film cooling of the blade body.

Es ist besonders zweckmässig, wenn die Filmkühllöcher zur saugseitigen Wand und zumindest annähernd in Strömungsrichtung des Arbeitsfluids der Gasturbine ausgerichtet sind. Dem mit hoher Geschwindigkeit aus den Filmkühllöchern austretenden Kühlmedium wird somit die gewünschte Strömungsrichtung bereits vorgegeben. Auf diese Weise kann eine bessere Wirkung des sich auf der saugseitigen Wand der Turbinenschaufel ausbreitenden Kühlfilmes und somit eine verbesserte Filmkühlung erreicht werden.It is particularly useful if the film cooling holes face the suction wall and at least approximately in the flow direction of the working fluid of the gas turbine are aligned. The one emerging from the film cooling holes at high speed The desired flow direction is thus already the cooling medium specified. This can have a better effect on the suction side Wall of the turbine blade spreading cooling film and thus an improved Film cooling can be achieved.

Entsprechend der Erfindung besteht das geschlossene Dampfkühlsystem ebenfalls aus zumindest zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten Kühlkanälen, welche über Verbindungsöffnungen miteinander verbunden sind. Nach Einschlägen von Fremdkörpern strömt das Kühlmedium durch die Verbindungsöffnungen zu den entsprechenden Einschlagstellen, so dass sich die kühlseitig stromab liegende Kühlstrecken wieder mit Kühlmedium füllen können. Auf diese Weise kann die Funktionssicherheit der Turbinenschaufeln weiter erhöht werden.According to the invention there is the closed Steam cooling system also consists of at least two arranged parallel to each other Cooling channels, which are connected to each other via connection openings. After foreign objects have been struck, the cooling medium flows through the connection openings to the corresponding impact points, so that the cooling side downstream cooling sections can be filled with cooling medium. On in this way the functional reliability of the turbine blades can be further increased become.

Schliesslich wird je nach Verfügbarkeit im offenen Kühlsystem Luft oder, wie im geschlossenen Kühlsystem, Dampf als Kühlmedium eingesetzt.Finally, depending on availability, air or, as in the closed cooling system, steam used as cooling medium.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing

In der Zeichnung sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele anhand der Laufschaufel einer Gasturbine dargestellt.In the drawing, two exemplary embodiments based on the rotor blade are one Gas turbine shown.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Teillängsschnitt einer Laufschaufel mit einem geschlossenen und einem offenen Kühlsystem nach dem Stand der Technik;
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch Fig. 1 in der Ebene II-II (vergrössert);
Fig. 3
einen Teillängsschnitt einer Laufschaufel mit einem geschlossenen und einem offenen Kühlsystem gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung;
Fig. 4
einen Querschnitt durch Fig. 3 in der Ebene IV-IV (vergrössert).
Show it:
Fig. 1
a partial longitudinal section of a blade with a closed and an open cooling system according to the prior art;
Fig. 2
a cross section through Figure 1 in the plane II-II (enlarged).
Fig. 3
a partial longitudinal section of a blade with a closed and an open cooling system according to the present invention;
Fig. 4
a cross section through Fig. 3 in the plane IV-IV (enlarged).

Es sind nur die für das Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente gezeigt. Nicht dargestellt sind von der Gasturbinenanlage beispielsweise der Verdichter, die Brennkammer und die Leitschaufeln der Gasturbine. Die Strömungsrichtung der Arbeitsmittel ist mit Pfeilen bezeichnet.Only the elements essential for understanding the invention are shown. The gas turbine system, for example, does not show the compressor, the combustion chamber and the guide vanes of the gas turbine. The flow direction the work equipment is marked with arrows.

Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay of carrying out the invention

Die nicht dargestellte Gasturbine besitzt mehrere Reihen von Lauf- und Leitschaufeln. In Figur 1 ist eine der Laufschaufeln 1 nach dem Stand der Technik dargestellt. Sie besteht aus einem Schaufelfuss 2 und einem Schaufelkörper 3. Der Schaufelkörper 3 der Laufschaufel 1 weist eine saugseitige Wand 4, eine dieser gegenüberliegende, druckseitige Wand 5, eine Schaufeleintrittskante 6 und eine Schaufelaustrittskante 7 auf. Er besitzt einen hohlen Innenraum 8, welcher im Bereich der saugseitigen Wand 4, der druckseitigen Wand 5 und der Schaufelaustrittskante 7 ein geschlossenes Dampfkühlsystem 9, mit einem Kühlkanal 10 aufnimmt (Fig. 2). Dagegen ist im Bereich der Schaufeleintrittskante 6 ein offenes Kühlsystem 11 mit zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten Kühlkanälen 14, 15 ausgebildet. Zwischen dem geschlossenen Dampfkühlsystem 9 und dem offenen Kühlsystem 11 ist eine Trennwand 16 angeordnet.The gas turbine, not shown, has several rows of rotor and guide blades. 1 shows one of the rotor blades 1 according to the prior art. It consists of one Blade root 2 and a blade body 3. The blade body 3 of the moving blade 1 has a suction-side wall 4, one opposite, pressure-side Wall 5, a blade leading edge 6 and a blade leading edge 7 on. It has a hollow interior 8 which is in the area of the suction side Wall 4, the pressure side wall 5 and the blade leading edge 7 a closed Steam cooling system 9, with a cooling channel 10 (Fig. 2). Against it in the area of the blade leading edge 6 an open cooling system 11 with two in parallel mutually arranged cooling channels 14, 15 are formed. Between the closed Steam cooling system 9 and the open cooling system 11 is a partition 16 arranged.

Der erste Kühlkanal 14 des offenen Kühlsystems 11 ist der Schaufeleintrittskante 6 benachbart, kreisförmig ausgebildet und mit dem zweiten Kühlkanal 15 über mehrere in einer Zwischenwand 17 angeordnete Zuführöffnungen 18 verbunden. Natürlich kann der erste Kühlkanal 14 auch andere geeignete Formen, wie beispielsweise eine annähernd kreisförmige, eine ellipsen- oder eine kartoffelförmige Ausbildung aufweisen (nicht dargestellt). Die Zwischenwand 17 ist im Bereich des Schaufelfusses 2 über ein Verbindungsstück 19 mit der saugseitigen Wand 4 verbunden, wobei im Verbindungsstück 19 mehrere Kühllöcher 20 zur lokalen Kühlung der saugseitigen Wand 4 angeordnet sind.The first cooling channel 14 of the open cooling system 11 is the blade leading edge 6 adjacent, circular and with the second cooling channel 15 over a plurality of feed openings 18 arranged in an intermediate wall 17 are connected. Of course, the first cooling channel 14 can also have other suitable shapes, such as, for example approximately circular, elliptical or potato-shaped Have training (not shown). The intermediate wall 17 is in the area of Blade root 2 connected to the suction-side wall 4 via a connecting piece 19, wherein in the connector 19 a plurality of cooling holes 20 for local cooling the suction-side wall 4 are arranged.

Die in der Zwischenwand 17 angeordneten Zuführöffnungen 18 schliessen tangential an die beiden Kühlkanäle 14, 15 an. Ausgehend vom ersten Kühlkanal 14 ist im Schaufelkörper 3, diesen durchdringend, eine Filmlochreihe 21 mit jeweils mehreren tangentialen, zur saugseitigen Wand 4 sowie annähernd in Strömungsrichtung 12 des Arbeitsfluids 13 der Gasturbine ausgerichteten Filmkühllöchern 22 ausgebildet. Im Schaufelkörper 3 können auch mehrere Filmlochreihen 21 angeordnet sein, was in Figur 3 durch eine zweite, gestrichelt dargestellte Filmlochreihe 21 angedeutet ist.The feed openings 18 arranged in the intermediate wall 17 close tangentially to the two cooling channels 14, 15. Starting from the first cooling duct 14 is in the blade body 3, penetrating this, a film hole row 21 with each several tangential to the suction side wall 4 and approximately in the direction of flow 12 of the working fluid 13 of the gas turbine aligned film cooling holes 22 educated. A plurality of rows of film holes 21 can also be arranged in the blade body 3 be what in Figure 3 by a second, dashed line of film holes 21 is indicated.

Beim Betrieb der Gasturbinenanlage wird das aus der Brennkammer stammende heisse Arbeitsfluid 13 in die Gasturbine eingeleitet und dort über die Laufschaufeln 1 entspannt. Dabei können feste Partikel in die Gasturbine eindringen und mit deren Bauteilen kollidieren. Weil das offene Kühlsystem 11 im Bereich der Schaufeleintrittskante 6 und damit in Strömungsrichtung 12 des Arbeitsfluids 13 der Gasturbine am weitesten stromauf angeordnet ist, können die im Arbeitsfluid 13 enthaltenen und auf dem Schaufelkörper 3 der Laufschaufel 1 auftreffenden Partikel fast ausschliesslich das offene Kühlsystem 11 beschädigen, während das von diesem getrennte, geschlossene Kühlsystem 9 geschützt ist. Aus diesem Grund ist die Kühlung des Hauptteils des Schaufelkörpers 3 von vornherein abgesichert.When the gas turbine system is in operation, it comes from the combustion chamber hot working fluid 13 introduced into the gas turbine and there over the blades 1 relaxed. Solid particles can penetrate into the gas turbine and with it their components collide. Because the open cooling system 11 in the area of the blade leading edge 6 and thus in the flow direction 12 of the working fluid 13 Gas turbine is arranged most upstream, the in the working fluid 13th contained particles and impinging on the blade body 3 of the blade 1 almost exclusively damage the open cooling system 11, while the is protected from this separate, closed cooling system 9. For this Reason is the cooling of the main part of the blade body 3 secured from the outset.

Im offenen Kühlsystem 11 wird entweder aus dem Verdichter der Gasturbinenanlage oder aus einer externen Quelle stammende und unter Überdruck stehende Luft als Kühlmedium 23 eingesetzt. Die Luft 23 wird über einen im Schaufelfuss 2 angeordneten Zuführkanal 24 in den zweiten Kühlkanal 15 eingeleitet und dient dort der konvektiven Kühlung des Schaufelkörpers 3. Anschliessend gelangt die Luft 23 über die Zuführöffnungen 18 in den ersten Kühlkanal 14, wo sie den Schaufelkörper 3 ebenfalls konvektiv kühlt. Infolge der kreisförmigen Ausbildung des ersten Kühlkanals 14 und ihrer tangentialen Eindüsung erfährt die Luft 23 eine rotierende Bewegung, was die Kühlwirkung deutlich verbessert. Ausgehend vom ersten Kühlkanal 14 gelangt die Luft 23 durch die ebenfalls tangential angeordneten Filmkühllöcher 22 auf die saugseitige Wand 4. Dort bildet sie einen dünnen Kühlfilm aus, weicher die äussere Oberfläche des Schaufelkörpers 3 vom heissen Arbeitsfluid 13 der Gasturbine abschirmt. Durch die Ausrichtung der Filmkühllöcher 22 wird die Luft 23 bereits annähernd in Strömungsrichtung 12 des Arbeitsfluids 13 der Gasturbine ausgedüst, was die Filmkühlung weiter verbessert.In the open cooling system 11 either the compressor of the gas turbine system or from an external source and under pressure Air is used as the cooling medium 23. The air 23 is in the blade root 2 arranged supply channel 24 introduced into the second cooling channel 15 and serves there the convective cooling of the blade body 3 Air 23 via the supply openings 18 in the first cooling channel 14, where they Blade body 3 also cools convectively. As a result of the circular formation the air 23 experiences the first cooling channel 14 and its tangential injection a rotating movement, which significantly improves the cooling effect. outgoing The air 23 passes from the first cooling duct 14 through the tangential ones Film cooling holes 22 on the suction side wall 4. There it forms a thin one Cooling film, softer the outer surface of the blade body 3 from shields hot working fluid 13 of the gas turbine. By aligning the film cooling holes 22 the air 23 is already approximately in the flow direction 12 of the working fluid 13 of the gas turbine, which further improves film cooling.

Natürlich kann auch entsprechend aufbereiteter Wasserdampf als Kühlmedium 23 Verwendung finden. In diesem Fall werden sowohl das geschlossene als auch das offene Kühlsystem 9, 11 mit dem gleichen Kühlmedium 23, 26 betrieben. Daher ist keine getrennte Kühlmittelzufuhr erforderlich, so dass die Trennwand zwischen den beiden Kühlsystemen 9, 11 im Bereich des Schaufelfusses 2 verkürzt ausgebildet werden kann (nicht dargestellt). Of course, appropriately prepared water vapor can also be used as the cooling medium 23 Find use. In this case, both the closed and the open cooling system 9, 11 operated with the same cooling medium 23, 26. Therefore no separate coolant supply is required, so that the partition between shortened the two cooling systems 9, 11 in the area of the blade root 2 can be trained (not shown).

Die im Arbeitsfluid 13 enthaltenen Partikel treffen mit grosser kinetischer Energie auf die Schaufeleintrittskante 6 der Laufschaufel 1 auf und können diese durchdringen. Dadurch werden in diesem Bereich Löcher 25 in den Schaufelkörper 3 geschlagen (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Die durch die Löcher 25 entweichende Luft 23 wird durch zusätzliche Zuführung von Luft 23 aus dem zweiten Kühlkanal 15 kompensiert. Eventuell eindringendes heisses Arbeitsfluid 13 der Gasturbine wird zunächst im Zentrum der verwirbelten Luft 23 gehalten und schliesslich mit dieser verdünnt, so dass die Kühlung im offenen Kühlsystem 11 auch nach Einschlag von Partikeln aufrechterhalten werden kann.The particles contained in the working fluid 13 hit with great kinetic energy on the blade leading edge 6 of the blade 1 and can penetrate it. As a result, holes 25 are made in the blade body 3 in this area struck (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). The air 23 escaping through the holes 25 becomes compensated by additional supply of air 23 from the second cooling duct 15. Any penetrating hot working fluid 13 of the gas turbine is initially held in the center of the swirled air 23 and finally with this diluted so that the cooling in the open cooling system 11 even after impact of particles can be maintained.

Das beim Kühlvorgang in das Arbeitsfluid 13 der Gasturbine gelangte Kühlmedium 23 des offenen Kühlsystems 11 wird im stromab liegenden Teil der Turbinenbeschaufelung entspannt. Demgegenüber wird der im geschlossenen Dampfkühlsystem 9 als Kühlmedium 26 eingesetzte Dampf zurückgeführt und beispielsweise im Dampfkreislauf einer mit der Gasturbine verbundenen Dampfturbine entspannt (nicht dargestellt).The cooling medium that got into the working fluid 13 of the gas turbine during the cooling process 23 of the open cooling system 11 is in the downstream part of the turbine blading relaxed. In contrast, the closed steam cooling system 9 recycled steam used as cooling medium 26 and for example relaxed in the steam circuit of a steam turbine connected to the gas turbine (not shown).

Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist das geschlossene Dampfkühlsystem 9 als Serpentinenkühlsystem ausgebildet. Es besteht aus zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten Kühlkanälen 27, 28, die sich in Schaufellängsrichtung vom Schaufelfuss 2 bis zur Schaufelspitze 29 erstrecken. Die Kühlkanäle 27, 28 werden an der Schaufelspitze 29 in Richtung Schaufelfuss 2 der Laufschaufel 1 umgelenkt (Fig. 3). Zwischen den beiden parallelen und in gleicher Richtung vom Dampf 26 durchströmten Kühlkanälen 27, 28 sind Rippenwände 30 angeordnet, welche mehrere Verbindungsöffnungen 31 aufweisen. Natürlich ist auch zwischen den in entgegengesetzter Richtung durchströmten Kühlkanälen 28, 27 eine Rippenwand 32 angeordnet. Diese besitzt jedoch keine Verbindungsöffnungen 31 (Fig. 4). An der Schaufelspitze 29 befinden sich Austrittsöffnungen 33 für eventuelle Schmutzpartikel oder andere Fremdkörper des Kühlmediums 26. In the exemplary embodiment, the closed steam cooling system 9 designed as a serpentine cooling system. It consists of two parallel to each other arranged cooling channels 27, 28 which extend in the longitudinal direction of the blade from the blade root 2 extend to the tip of the blade 29. The cooling channels 27, 28 are on the blade tip 29 is deflected in the direction of the blade root 2 of the rotor blade 1 (Fig. 3). Between the two parallel and in the same direction from steam 26 through which cooling channels 27, 28 are arranged are rib walls 30 which have a plurality of connection openings 31. Of course, between the in in the opposite direction, cooling channels 28, 27 flow through a rib wall 32 arranged. However, this has no connection openings 31 (FIG. 4). On the blade tip 29 there are outlet openings 33 for possible dirt particles or other foreign matter of the cooling medium 26.

Beim Betrieb einer solchen Gasturbinenanlage können auch Löcher 25 im Bereich des geschlossenen Dampfkühlsystems 9 kompensiert werden. Kommt es zum Einschlagen von Fremdkörpern in diesem Bereich der Laufschaufel 1, so strömt das Kühlmedium aus dem jeweils nicht betroffenen Kühlkanal 27, 28 durch die Verbindungsöffnungen 31 zu den entsprechenden Löchern 25, so dass sich die kühlseitig stromab liegende Kühlstrecke wieder mit Dampf 26 füllen kann. Die das offene Kühlsystem 11 betreffenden Verfahrensabläufe sind analog den zum Beispiel aus Fig. 1 und 2 angegebene.When operating such a gas turbine system, holes 25 can also be made in the area of the closed steam cooling system 9 can be compensated. It comes to Impact of foreign bodies in this area of the blade 1 flows the cooling medium from the cooling channel 27, 28 not affected by the Connection openings 31 to the corresponding holes 25, so that the Cooling section downstream of the cooling side can again be filled with steam 26. The the Process sequences relating to open cooling system 11 are analogous to those from, for example, FIGS. 1 and 2 specified.

Natürlich können die nicht dargestellten Leitschaufeln einer Gasturbine bezüglich ihrer Kühlung analog ausgebildet werden.Of course, the guide vanes, not shown, can refer to a gas turbine their cooling are formed analogously.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Laufschaufelblade
22
Schaufelfussblade root
33
Schaufelkörperblade body
44
saugseitige Wandsuction side wall
55
druckseitige Wandpressure side wall
66
SchaufeleintrittskanteBlade leading edge
77
SchaufelaustrittskanteBlade outlet edge
88th
hohler Innenraum, von 3hollow interior, from 3
99
Dampfkühlsystem, geschlossenesSteam cooling system, closed
1010
Kühlkanalcooling channel
1111
Kühlsystem, offenesCooling system, open
1212
Strömungsrichtungflow direction
1313
Arbeitsfluidworking fluid
1414
Kühlkanal, ersterCooling channel, first
1515
Kühlkanal, zweiterCooling channel, second
1616
Trennwand partition wall
1717
Zwischenwandpartition
1818
Zuführöffnungfeed
1919
Verbindungsstückjoint
2020
Kühllochcooling hole
2121
FilmlochreiheFilm hole row
2222
FilmkühllochFilm cooling hole
2323
Kühlmedium, Luft, WasserdampfCoolant, air, water vapor
2424
Zuführkanalfeed
2525
Lochhole
2626
Kühlmedium, DampfCooling medium, steam
2727
Kühlkanalcooling channel
2828
Kühlkanalcooling channel
2929
Schaufelspitzeblade tip
3030
Rippenwand, zwischen 27 und 28Rib wall, between 27 and 28
3131
Verbindungsöffnungconnecting opening
3232
Rippenwand, zwischen 28 und 27Rib wall, between 28 and 27
3333
Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening

Claims (10)

  1. Turbine blade of a gas turbine, having a
    blade body (3) consisting of
    a blade tip and a blade root (2),
    a leading blade edge (6) and a trailing blade edge (7),
    a suction-side and a pressure-side wall (4, 5) and
    a hollow interior space (8),
    in which hollow interior space (8) a plurality of cooling passages (10, 14, 15, 27, 28) carrying at least one cooling medium (23, 26) are arranged,
    the interior space (8) in the region of the suction-side wall (4), the pressure-side wall (5) and the trailing blade edge (7) having a closed steam-cooling system (9) with at least one inlet. cooling passage (10, 27, 28) and at least one outlet cooling passage (10, 27, 28), and
    at least one open cooling system being
       additionally arranged in the interior space, characterized in that
    both the inlet and the outlet passages (10, 27, 28) of the steam-cooling system extend from the blade root (2) to the blade tip and are connected to one another at the blade tip,
    rib walls (30) having connecting openings (31) being arranged inside the inlet cooling passage (10, 27, 28) and/or the outlet cooling passage (10, 27, 28), and
    the open cooling system (11) in the region of the leading blade edge (6) being formed with at least one cooling passage (14, 15) and a plurality of film-cooling holes (22) passing through the blade body (3).
  2. Turbine blade according to Claim 1, characterized in that the open cooling system (11) consists of two cooling passages (14, 15) arranged parallel to one another and connected to one another via a plurality of feed openings (18).
  3. Turbine blade according to Claim 2, characterized in that the film-cooling holes (22) are arranged so as to start tangentially from the first cooling passage (14) adjacent to the leading blade edge (6), and the feed openings (18) are arranged so as to start tangentially from the second cooling passage (15) and so as to lead, likewise tangentially, into the first cooling passage (14).
  4. Turbine blade according to Claim 3, characterized in that the first cooling passage (14) is designed at least approximately with a circular cross section.
  5. Turbine blade according to Claim 4, characterized in. that the film-cooling holes (22) are oriented towards the suction-side wall (4) and at least approximately in the direction of flow (12) of the working fluid (13).
  6. Turbine blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the. outlet cooling passage (10, 27, 28) is arranged adjacent to the trailing blade edge (7).
  7. Turbine blade according to Claim 6, characterized in that the inlet cooling passage (10, 27, 28) is arranged between the outlet cooling passage (10, 27, 28) and the open cooling system (11).
  8. Turbine blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one outlet opening (33) for foreign particles is arranged at the blade tip inside the closed steam-cooling system (9).
  9. Turbine blade according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that air or steam is used as cooling medium (23) in the open cooling system (11).
  10. Turbine blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the turbine blade is a moving blade.
EP98810770A 1997-09-01 1998-08-11 Gas turbine blade Expired - Lifetime EP0899425B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19738065A DE19738065A1 (en) 1997-09-01 1997-09-01 Turbine blade of a gas turbine
DE19738065 1997-09-01

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EP0899425A2 EP0899425A2 (en) 1999-03-03
EP0899425A3 EP0899425A3 (en) 2000-07-05
EP0899425B1 true EP0899425B1 (en) 2003-12-03

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DE (2) DE19738065A1 (en)

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CN1120287C (en) 2003-09-03
US6033181A (en) 2000-03-07
DE59810315D1 (en) 2004-01-15
JPH11132003A (en) 1999-05-18
DE19738065A1 (en) 1999-03-04
EP0899425A2 (en) 1999-03-03
CN1211667A (en) 1999-03-24
EP0899425A3 (en) 2000-07-05

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