EP0895146A1 - Arbeitspunktsteurvorrichtung eines Generators elektrischer Energie, insbesondere eines Solargenrators - Google Patents

Arbeitspunktsteurvorrichtung eines Generators elektrischer Energie, insbesondere eines Solargenrators Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0895146A1
EP0895146A1 EP98401903A EP98401903A EP0895146A1 EP 0895146 A1 EP0895146 A1 EP 0895146A1 EP 98401903 A EP98401903 A EP 98401903A EP 98401903 A EP98401903 A EP 98401903A EP 0895146 A1 EP0895146 A1 EP 0895146A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
generator
signal
transformer
primary winding
operating point
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP98401903A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0895146B1 (de
Inventor
Alphonse Barnaba
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Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
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Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device generator operating point control electrical energy, including a solar generator supplying a load and, more particularly, to such a device designed to operate the generator at its maximum power.
  • the device described includes a width modulation converter of pulses coupled to a current generator, means delivering signals representative of the voltage and of the current delivered by said generator to said converter, means supplied by said signals to signal the existence or not of a state of dropping out of the converter, a width regulation loop pulse itself comprising means for measuring the voltage delivered by the converter to a load, a differential amplifier, inverter, integrator and pulse width modulation means controlling said converter.
  • the device described makes it possible to eliminate the dropout phenomenon that is observed when the power called by the load becomes greater than the maximum power that the generator can provide. he also allows to regulate the operating point of feeding the load to a corresponding position at the maximum power that this supply can deliver as in any other point of the characteristic generator current / voltage. It is however relatively complex, including two sensors for current intensity and voltage delivered by the generator, and therefore expensive.
  • the present invention therefore aims to achieve a operating point control device of a solar generator which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above devices of the technique which is therefore simple and of little realization expensive, allowing flexible fixing and regulation the position of the generator operating point, any point of the current / voltage characteristic of this one, and in particular at the point corresponding to the supply of maximum electrical power by said generator.
  • This object of the invention is achieved, as well as other which will appear on reading the description which will track, with a point of control device operation of an electric power generator supplying a load, this device being remarkable in what it includes a) a storage transformer of energy, with primary and secondary sense windings reverse, the primary winding being supplied by the generator under the control of a switch, winding secondary being connected in series with a diode and with the load, b) a detector sensitive to the intensity of the average current flowing in the primary winding of the transformer to deliver a signal representative of this intensity, and c) means for controlling the switch switching, sensitive to said signal for establish a primary winding in the transformer average current corresponding to an operating point predetermined generator.
  • this device for simple structure, with a single detector, is therefore economical, and yet very flexible to operate.
  • this detector is constituted by a second energy storage transformer comprising primary and secondary windings in opposite directions, the primary winding being traversed by the current flowing in the primary winding of the first transformer, the secondary winding being placed in series with a diode and a load, the signal delivered by the detector being sampled at the terminals of said load.
  • control means thereof include a signal-powered microcontroller delivered by the detector and representative of the current means circulating in the primary winding of the first electric storage transformer and a amplitude-duration converter supplied by a signal setpoint developed by the microcontroller, to control switching the switch with a signal to pulse width modulation.
  • the graph of this characteristic has, as shown, a generally rectangular shape comprising a part substantially parallel to the axis of the voltages and another part substantially parallel to the axis of the intensities, these two parts being connected by a rounded part.
  • a solar generator ordinarily feeds into a storage battery and into various consumers of electrical energy constituted by satellite equipment. The generator operating point is then located at the intersection of its current / voltage characteristic with a load line passing the origin of the coordinates.
  • This point can thus be located on various parts of the characteristic, for example at its intersection with the load line D 1 , on the part of this characteristic where the current remains substantially constant, ie when the generator operates as a "current generator” . It could likewise be located on the part of the characteristic where the voltage is substantially constant, if we are looking for operation as a "voltage generator”.
  • This figure shows the generator solar GS discharging on a load represented by a storage battery 1 and a resistor 2 symbolizing various consumers of electrical energy on board a satellite for example.
  • the GS generator delivers on this load through a energy storage transformer 3, the primary 5 and secondary 6 windings are meaningless inverses as indicated by the points placed on these windings.
  • the primary winding 5 is supplied by the generator, under the control of a switch 7, advantageously electronic, placed in series with this winding between a terminal thereof and ground.
  • transformer 3 is associated with a diode 8 arranged in series with the winding 6 and a capacitor 9 mounted between the terminals of the winding, in parallel with the load 1.2.
  • Another capacitor 10 is mounted between the output of the GS generator and the mass. Seen from transformer 3, this capacitor shows up, in dynamic regime, the generator GS codes a voltage generator.
  • this one benefits from the galvanic isolation provided by the presence of this transformer between the generator and the charge. Furthermore, as will be seen later, this power supply gives the device according to the invention a great flexibility, allowing to fix the point of operation of the solar generator at any point in its current / voltage characteristic and in particular at the point corresponding to the provision of maximum power by this generator.
  • the device further comprises a detector 11 sensitive to the average current I p flowing in the primary winding of the transformer 3 to deliver a voltage signal V det representative of the intensity of this current.
  • This signal is delivered to control means constituted by a microcontroller 12, for example, this microcontroller being duly programmed to form, from the signal V det a reference signal V cons delivered to an amplitude-duration converter 13 controlling the switch 7.
  • the means 11, 12, 13 thus constitute a loop for regulating the average current passing through the primary winding 5 of the transformer 3, the regulation of this average current at a predetermined value making it possible to fix the operating point of the solar generator, as will be explained later.
  • the detector 11 is shown in more detail in Figure 3.
  • this detector is constituted by a second transformer 14 with energy accumulation, operating in "heavy" mode whose primary winding 15 is supplied by the current I p delivered by the generator to the primary winding of the first transformer 3, and whose secondary winding 16 is connected in series with a diode 17.
  • the voltage V det is taken between the terminals of a load constituted by a resistor 18 and a capacitor 19 mounted in parallel between the diode 7 and a terminal of the secondary winding 16.
  • this characteristic of the graph of V det as a function of V GS is used to extract from the solar generator its maximum power, and this using a single detector, the detector 11 of the mean current passing through the primary winding of the transformer 14, a particularly advantageous solution both from the economic point of view and from the reliability point of view.
  • adequate programming of the microcontroller 12 is used which is suitable for calculating the value of a reference signal V cons delivered to the amplitude-duration converter 13, shown in more detail in FIG. 5.
  • the output of comparator 20 switches one or the other of two transistors 23, 24 of opposite type, whose emitter / collector circuits are connected in series between a line at voltage V dd and ground so as to produce a signal S 2 of the same period as S 1 , and whose duty cycle t / T is a function of V cons .
  • This signal S 2 controls the switching of the electronic switch 7, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • This switch can be constituted by a transistor whose emitter circuit / collector is placed in series with the primary winding 5 of the transformer 3 and whose base is controlled by the signal S 2 .
  • the microcontroller 12 can be programmed to search, from knowledge of the graph of V det (see FIG. 4), the value of V cons to be delivered to the amplitude-duration converter 13 so that the generator solar works at its maximum power, taking into account the level of current illumination of the generator solar cells.
  • the microcontroller can, for example, control variations of the set value V cons , of excursion V ac , the changes in the measurements x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , ... of V det provided by the detector 11 during this excursion, and in particular the direction of the variations of these measurements, making it possible to locate the position x 2 of the vertex of the graph and therefore the value V cons corresponding to this vertex.
  • V cons controlled by the microcontroller conventionally operate in steps.
  • the pitch can easily be varied depending, for example, on the position of the operating point of the solar generator. If we consider that the dynamic operation of the device according to the invention is very different depending on whether it operates as a current generator or as a voltage generator, this possibility of variation of the pitch of the control is advantageous because it makes it possible to adapt this dynamic operation resulting from the selected operating point, for example to the right or left of the point corresponding to the supply of maximum power.
  • the invention allows achieve the set goals of providing a operating point control device of a solar generator of electrical energy, allowing operate this generator at maximum power as well as any other weaker power, which is particularly advantageous for adapting this power to changes in consumption by consumers fed, especially when these have a battery accumulators which reaches its maximum charge.
  • the device is also simple, and therefore of realization economical and flexible, thanks to the use of a microcontroller, which allows automatic management of the device, without maintenance or recalibration.
  • the invention is not limited to the mode described and depicted as an example. This is how the device according to the invention can be adapted to generators electric power other than cell type solar, especially when the characteristic current / voltage of this generator has a shape which is close to that of a solar generator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
EP98401903A 1997-07-28 1998-07-27 Arbeitspunktsteurvorrichtung eines Generators elektrischer Energie, insbesondere eines Solargenrators Expired - Lifetime EP0895146B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9709583 1997-07-28
FR9709583A FR2766589B1 (fr) 1997-07-28 1997-07-28 Dispositif de commande du point de fonctionnement d'un generateur d'energie electrique, notamment d'un generateur solaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0895146A1 true EP0895146A1 (de) 1999-02-03
EP0895146B1 EP0895146B1 (de) 2003-01-15

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EP98401903A Expired - Lifetime EP0895146B1 (de) 1997-07-28 1998-07-27 Arbeitspunktsteurvorrichtung eines Generators elektrischer Energie, insbesondere eines Solargenrators

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0895146B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE231252T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69810716T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2766589B1 (de)

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WO2010079517A1 (en) * 2009-01-07 2010-07-15 Power-One Italy S.P.A. Method and system for extracting electric power from a renewable energy source
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US9130401B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2015-09-08 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US9235228B2 (en) 2012-03-05 2016-01-12 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Direct current link circuit
US9291696B2 (en) 2007-12-05 2016-03-22 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Photovoltaic system power tracking method
US9318974B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2016-04-19 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Multi-level inverter with flying capacitor topology
US9362743B2 (en) 2008-05-05 2016-06-07 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Direct current power combiner
US9368964B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2016-06-14 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power system using direct current power sources
US9401599B2 (en) 2010-12-09 2016-07-26 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Disconnection of a string carrying direct current power
US9407161B2 (en) 2007-12-05 2016-08-02 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Parallel connected inverters
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US9548619B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-01-17 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Method and apparatus for storing and depleting energy
US9590526B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2017-03-07 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Safety mechanisms, wake up and shutdown methods in distributed power installations
US9644993B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2017-05-09 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Monitoring of distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US9647442B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2017-05-09 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Arc detection and prevention in a power generation system
US9673711B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2017-06-06 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Digital average input current control in power converter
US9680304B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2017-06-13 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Method for distributed power harvesting using DC power sources
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US10230310B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2019-03-12 Solaredge Technologies Ltd Safety switch for photovoltaic systems
US10396662B2 (en) 2011-09-12 2019-08-27 Solaredge Technologies Ltd Direct current link circuit
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EP0895146B1 (de) 2003-01-15
FR2766589B1 (fr) 1999-09-24
DE69810716D1 (de) 2003-02-20
FR2766589A1 (fr) 1999-01-29
DE69810716T2 (de) 2003-10-23
ATE231252T1 (de) 2003-02-15

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