EP0893218A1 - Apparatus and process for making pressed articles - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has at least one pair of interacting working moulds(14,14') which have a pivot point(16) or shaft. At least one of the two moulds is movable around the pivot point onto the other mould out of or into a position for holding the blank or for accepting a green brick, into or out of a position for moulding of the green brick.

Description

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for Production of moldings, in particular roof tile compacts, from blanks, such as chunks of clay or the like, with at least one pair of each other and associated with each other interacting forms of work and their use.

A whole series of devices are from the prior art and method known to produce moldings, such as roof tile compacts, from blanks, such as clay chunks. For example in general drum presses with an upper working shape and several arranged around the circumference of the drum press lower forms of work (see, for example, DE 195 47 612 A1) as well as hydraulic presses with a variety of upper work forms and a corresponding plurality of lower ones Known forms of work. These have drum and hydraulic presses however, in practice due to their more constructive Overall design proved to be disadvantageous. So it happens the shaping of the molding by a large number of each other assigned and interacting upper forms of work (Press ram) and lower work forms (drum) all in a substantially horizontal position. The edition of a blank or clay piece to be molded onto the lower one Form of work is relatively complex and not very precise. So the blank to be formed must be placed above the lower one Working form arranged upper working form by means of a known suction head device from the side between the two forms of work introduced and then on the lower form of work be filed. The support of the blank to be formed on the lower working shape also causes suction head marks the top of the molding (ZOS), which is in the molding process not lose. The function and / or lifespan of the one time completed molding but can by such suction head prints be significantly affected. When shaping the Shaped products often have problems due to the purely horizontal Arrangement of the upper and lower forms of work to each other, because there is air in the work forms and any existing Liquid in the molding to be molded is difficult, at least but insufficient, can escape. Air and liquid inclusions but affect the uniformity considerably and with it the quality of moldings. About that the shape pattern, for example the brick pattern, often due to the separate construction of the upper one shift lower work forms to each other, for example the upper and lower forms of work after a press repair not be exactly aligned to each other or when there are large shear stresses through the blank on the work forms due to the geometry and dimensions of the molding itself are caused. Furthermore, the separate arrangement the upper and lower forms of work (OF or UF) mostly an excess of the blank is pressed out on all sides, after the shaping either separately using a Knife or the like or for example by a combined Lifting and deburring device must be removed. Essential but is that with upper and lower forms only Have moldings produced - at least slightly - Have chamfered sides, otherwise a decrease in the Moldings after shaping from the respective working form would be impossible. Setting up the molding after shaping for its further processing or processing, for example for a standing furnace stock, is therefore due to a lack of in any case, only little tilt stability excluded. There is also no possibility of molding different ones Bars that extend to at least one side. Furthermore, these require drum presses or hydraulic presses a large number of upper and lower forms of work the manufacturing costs for the respective moldings are proportional are high. When removing the moldings from the lower ones Forms of work as well as when changing the upper and / or lower forms of work through forms of work of different geometry and Dimensions are due to the limited space or relatively low height between the top and lower forms of work basically the same problems as with the edition of the blanks themselves.

The object of the invention is based on the prior art based, an apparatus and a method for manufacturing of moldings, in particular roof tile compacts, from blanks, such as chunks of clay or the like places that reduce or eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages, therefore particularly simple in construction are designed and extremely high manufacturing accuracy enable the moldings. Furthermore, a use is intended such a device and such a method for special moldings can be specified.

This task is based on device technology Surprisingly simple way by the features of claim 1 solved.

Accordingly, the device according to the invention comprises at least a pair of mutually associated and interacting Forms of work, the two forms of work having an axis or a shaft is assigned and at least one of the two types of work out of or into a position to accommodate one forming blank or for taking a molding into a or from a position for shaping the molding around the axis or wave to or from the other of the two forms of work this can be moved away. The device according to the invention is characterized by a particularly simple and compact Construction. The device according to the invention also provides an extremely high level of manufacturing accuracy of moldings, especially roof tile compacts, safely. So is a shift of the shape image, i.e. for example Brick picture, certainly excluded, because of the two forms of work assigned a (common) axis or a (common) shaft is the two forms of work on the axis or Shaft are kinematically connected. This becomes all the more clearer than, for example, both types of work around an axis or shaft can be moved towards or away from each other are.

Advantageous structural details of the invention Device are described in claims 2 to 30.

Of great importance for a further increase in manufacturing accuracy and additional simplification of handling the The device according to the invention are the measures of the claim 2, the two types of work pivotable on the axis or shaft to arrange, the two forms of work each one in essential horizontal position to accommodate the to be shaped Blank or for removal of the molding and one essentially Take up a vertical position to shape the molding. In this way, a shift of the shape image, i.e. to the Example of the tile picture, excluded, because the assigned to each other and interacting forms of work directly the (common) axis or shaft are supported. When shaping air continues to be contained in the working forms automatically still pressed up. So there are air pockets avoid almost completely. At the same time it becomes almost automatic any moisture contained in the blank or liquid directed downwards and out of the working forms deducted. In addition, there is an extremely precise position of the blank, for example a piece of clay, because of the free access from above without difficulty to each The proposed mobile form of work is possible. By the Unfolding the two work forms to the side is also a decrease of the molding without any effort, for example allows known suction head devices. Furthermore can also be a change of work forms to maintenance and Repair purposes or for exchange through other people's forms of work Geometry and dimensions due to the free accessibility of take place above using a conventional elevator or crane.

Furthermore, the features according to claims 3 and 4 provide an additional improvement in the positioning accuracy of the Forms of work against the axis or shaft on the one hand and the Forms of work to each other on the other.

Due to the constructive measures according to claims 5 to 7, that namely the mobile work form (s) around the axis or Shaft via a drive device and possibly an additional one Guide device is / are designed the structural design of the device according to the invention extremely simple and compact and reliable.

Extremely important for further constructive simplification and at the same time an optimized dimensioning of the components, in particular the drive device, and a so associated minimization of manufacturing and operating costs are further the features of claims 8 to 10, according to which Axis or shaft from or in a position for receiving a blank to be molded or to take a blank into a or from a position to shape the molding in the direction one of the two working forms in shaping the molding spanned common plane movable, especially in essentially vertical direction, is displaceable.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention the axis or shaft according to claim 11 preferably via a mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically operated Movable drive device.

In this context, the drive means for displacement the axis of claim 12 at least one pressure cylinder or the like that between the axis and / or the two carriages supporting the axis and the frame of the device or the like acts, making a simple, compact and reliable design is realized.

In an alternative embodiment, the drive device is for Displacement of the shaft according to the features of the claim 13 provided with a gear arrangement between the Working form / s of the shaft and the two supporting the shaft Sled works. With such a gear arrangement there is a displacement of the shaft and a pivoting at the same time to achieve the mobile form of work without additional drive device. This embodiment of the The device according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable economically.

A particularly advantageous design of the as Drive device for shifting the shaft provided gear arrangement further arises from the features of the claims 14 to 18.

Of particular importance for high manufacturing accuracy the moldings on the one hand and automation as well as with it associated improved performance in terms of further processing and / or processing of the moldings on the other hand are also the features of claim 19 of the device according to the invention. Accordingly, the forms of work mutually corresponding sides facing away from the axis or shaft, a knife, a scraper, a rack or the like assigned to one expressed during the shaping of the molding Remove excess of the blank, i.e. in particular cut off the top cleaning ridge. That way it is possible to clean the moldings on one side with a to provide a straight cutting edge such that the after the Shaping of one of the molds removed from the work molds free-standing on this cut edge on a flat surface, such as a kiln car, a conveyor belt, etc. for example for a subsequent heat treatment in to be subjected to an oven. Hourly throughput of molded articles subjected to such a heat treatment accordingly considerable because of the space gain associated with it. If the cutting edge, i.e. the seating area, however is not sufficient for the moldings, for example the roof tile compacts, in an upright position, it is possible to shape the moldings by appropriate design the work forms with additional (support) webs or the like to be provided, which then also by means of knives, scrapers, Rack or the like can be straightened.

To protect the working forms against the knife, the stripper, the rack or the like are the working forms according to claims 20 and 21 in an advantageous manner to the mutually corresponding sides facing away from the axis or shaft with inserts, reinforcements or the like made of wear-resistant Material, especially steel, provided. To be there to get a clean and straight cutting edge, that is the Knife, the scraper, the rack or the like facing Outer contour of the working forms and the cutting edge of the Knife, the scraper, the rack or the like on each other Voted.

According to the features of claims 22 and 23, the knife is the Wipers, the rack or the like to each other corresponding sides of the work forms facing away from the axis or shaft longitudinally displaceable. That way a simple, fast and possibly automatic as well continuous removal of what is expressed from the working forms Guaranteed excess of the blank or burr.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the knife, the scraper, the rack or the like according to the claims 24 and 25 preferably adjustable in height. The knife, the scraper, the rack or the like is therefore versatile can be used and as a result of the respective circumstances the geometry and dimensions of the work forms individually adjusted become. It also allows the knife, the scraper, the rack or the like entirely to move out of or into the field of work forms Introduce area.

Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention, the knife, the scraper, the rack or the like according to claim 26 the corresponding sides facing away from the axis to design the work forms inclined. On this way it is possible to cut in any angle to the horizontal, i.e. also the document, depending on the particular focus of the moldings to employ. By choosing a cut edge can thus balance the focus for the respective Moldings are made without the moldings being exemplary should be equipped with additional (support) webs. As a result of such a balance of gravity, a great tipping stability and thus an upright position of the moldings can be achieved without additional precautions.

Appropriately, the forms of work according to claim 27 in Range of the corresponding, facing the axis or shaft Provide holes or similar passages on the sides, for any moisture contained in the blank or liquid when shaping the molded product from the working molds to remove.

In addition, it is within the scope of the invention, the working forms according to claim 28 each on a press jaw or the like, in particular to be centered, releasably attached, wherein the press jaws themselves can be pivoted about the axis or shaft are. On the one hand, this design draws a much higher one Total lifespan of the device according to the invention themselves, since their robustness is significantly increased. About that In addition, such a structural design simplifies the Change of work forms for maintenance and repair purposes or for exchange through work forms of different geometry or Dimension considerably.

Finally, it is also provided according to the invention, the working forms according to claim 29 as metal molds, in particular Steel to train.

Alternatively, however, there is also the possibility that the Forms of work according to claim 30 in each case a feed in particular made of plaster or the like material as an impression insert.

Furthermore, the task is procedural solved by the features of claim 31.

Accordingly, the molding in the method according to the invention of the two forms of work in a substantially vertical Layer shaped. On the one hand, the invention is designed This makes the process extremely easy. On the other hand can be produced with the methods according to the invention, which have extremely high manufacturing accuracy.

Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are described in claims 32 to 38.

Extremely important for a simple, fast, automatic and continuous operation in the manufacture of Moldings are the features of claim 32, according to which forming blank of at least one of the two working forms in an essentially horizontal position is recorded or the blank removed in a substantially horizontal position becomes. In addition, it is ensured that suction head impressions on the blank to be placed on the work form harmless in terms of its quality when completed are, since the suction head imprints when lifting the molding on the side facing away from the suction head device, namely the bottom of the molding (ZUS).

The features of claims 33 and 34 serve in a further embodiment the invention of increasing the number of cycles and thus the Improve the performance of the process.

Essential for the method according to the invention are further the features of claim 35, according to which at the shaping of the molding from the two working forms on each other corresponding sides facing away from the axis or shaft expressed excess of the blank by a knife, one Scraper, a rack or the like is removed.

The features continue to ensure high manufacturing accuracy of claims 36 and 37. The recording of the blank and the The molding can be dispensed by means of suction head devices known per se be carried out, if necessary at the same job, to get a high work cycle. The side unfolded work forms in the essentially horizontal Allow location to rest the blank or to deliver the Shaped use of any suction head devices, for example without a knife and with a foam rubber pad or with knife and power supply.

Finally, it is within the scope of the invention, the forms of work according to claim 38 before taking up the blank with a especially liquid containing oil, water or the like or spray emulsion to the molding after it To be able to lift shaping out of the working forms more easily. For example, oil or metal molds are used an oily emulsion, water in plaster molds or the like.

By means of the device according to the invention and the associated It is possible to process any kind of moldings, such as Flat tiles and / or special tiles in the form of Produce verge tiles, each with a suitable choice of Forms of work (claim 39).

Fig. 1

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem Paar von Arbeitsformen in einer Lage zur Aufnahme eines zu formenden Rohlings bzw. zur Abnahme eines Formlings,

Fig. 2

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 mit einem Paar von Arbeitsformen in einer Lage zur Formgebung des Formlings,

Fig. 3

eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 2 entsprechend Ausschnitt III in vergrößerter Darstellung,

Fig. 4

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem Paar von Arbeitsformen in einer Lage zur Aufnahme eines zu formenden Rohlings bzw. zur Abnahme eines Formlings,

Fig. 5

eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 4 gemäß Pfeil V,

Fig. 6

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 3 mit einem Paar von Arbeitsformen in einer Lage zur Formgebung des Formlings mit einem Messer oder dergleichen zum Entfernen eines Putzgrates,

Fig. 7.

eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 6 gemäß Pfeil VII,

Fig. 8

eine teilweise geschnittene Vorderansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach den Fig. 4 bis 7 mit einer Zahnstange oder dergleichen zum Entfernen eines Putzgrates,

Fig. 9

eine Vorderansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung entsprechend Fig. 8 mit einem Abstreifer oder dergleichen zum Entfernen eines Putzgrates,

Fig. 10

eine teilweise geschnittene Vorderansicht einer anderen Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit mehreren (drei), nebeneinander angeordneten Paaren von Arbeitsformen entsprechend der Fig. 8 in verkleinertem Maßstab,

Fig. 11

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht einer noch anderen Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem Paar von Arbeitsformen in einer Lage zur Aufnahme eines zu formenden Rohlings bzw. zur Abnahme eines Formlings,

Fig. 12

eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 11 gemäß Pfeil XII,

Fig. 13

eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 11 mit einem Paar von Arbeitsformen in einer Lage zur Formgebung des Formlings,

Fig. 14

eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 13 gemäß Pfeil XIV,

Fig. 15a bis 15c

schematische Schnittansichten durch verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele von Arbeitsformen nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 16a und 16b

teilweise geschnittene Vorderansichten der Arbeitsformen entsprechend Ausschnitt XVI in Fig. 8 in vergrößerter Darstellung,

Fig. 17a und 17b

Schnittansichten durch Arbeitsformen nach der Erfindung mit unterschiedlich geformten Flachziegeln, und

Fig. 18a und 18b

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Sonderziegels, beispielsweise eines Ortgangziegels, und eine Schnittansicht durch entsprechend ausgestaltete Arbeitsformen nach der Erfindung.

Further features, advantages and details of the invention result from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention and from the drawings. Here show:

Fig. 1

2 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention with a pair of working molds in a position for receiving a blank to be molded or for removing a molding,

Fig. 2

2 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 with a pair of working molds in one position for shaping the molding,

Fig. 3

3 shows a partially sectioned side view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 2 in accordance with detail III in an enlarged view,

Fig. 4

2 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view of a further embodiment of a device according to the invention with a pair of working molds in a position for receiving a blank to be molded or for removing a molding,

Fig. 5

3 shows a schematic top view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 4 according to arrow V,

Fig. 6

3 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 3 with a pair of working molds in one position for shaping the molding with a knife or the like for removing a cleaning burr,

Fig. 7.

6 shows a schematic top view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 6 according to arrow VII,

Fig. 8

4 shows a partially sectioned front view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIGS. 4 to 7 with a rack or the like for removing a cleaning burr,

Fig. 9

8 with a scraper or the like for removing a cleaning burr,

Fig. 10

8 shows a partially sectioned front view of another embodiment of a device according to the invention with several (three) pairs of working forms arranged side by side according to FIG. 8, on a reduced scale,

Fig. 11

2 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view of yet another embodiment of a device according to the invention with a pair of working molds in a position for receiving a blank to be molded or for removing a molding,

Fig. 12

11 shows a schematic top view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 11 according to arrow XII,

Fig. 13

11 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 11 with a pair of working molds in one position for shaping the molding,

Fig. 14

13 shows a schematic top view of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 13 according to arrow XIV,

15a to 15c

schematic sectional views through different embodiments of working forms according to the invention,

16a and 16b

partially sectioned front views of the working forms according to detail XVI in Fig. 8 in an enlarged view,

17a and 17b

Section views through work forms according to the invention with differently shaped flat bricks, and

18a and 18b

is a schematic side view of a special tile, for example a verge tile, and a sectional view through appropriately designed work forms according to the invention.

1 to 3 is an embodiment in a schematic manner a device 10 according to the invention, those for the production of moldings 12, in particular roof tile moldings, from blanks (not shown), like chunks made of clay or the like. The device 10 comprises at least a pair of working forms 14, 14 'which are mutually are assigned and interact with each other.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 points the device 10 has a pair of working molds 14, 14 '. Here is at least one of the two working forms 14, 14 'from one Position for receiving a blank to be molded (see Fig. 1, left half) or in a position for removing a molding 12 (see Fig. 1, right half) in or from a position to Shaping of the molding 12 (see FIG. 2) about an axis 16 or the same to the other of the two working forms 14, 14 'accordingly Double arrow 18 can be moved to and from this.

Although the two types of work 14, 14 'in the in Fig. 1st to 3 illustrated embodiment of the device 10 each Movable toward or away from one another about axis 16 are configured, it is easily conceivable one of the two Forms of work 14 or 14 ', for example by rigid connection with the frame 20 or the like frame of the device 10 to train stationary. Without the essential advantages to influence the device according to the invention or even To limit, such a design has at most result in a lower work cycle. So it can Picking up a blank to be formed or taking off a blank Formlings 12, and vice versa, only one after the other, but not - As in the case of two movable towards or away from each other Forms of work 14, 14 '- take place simultaneously.

The two working forms 14, 14 'of the device 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 3 are thus on the axis 16 in accordance with the double arrow 18 pivoted or rotatably arranged. The two forms of work 14, 14 'each take essentially one horizontal position for receiving the blank to be formed or to remove the molding 12 and a substantially vertical Position for shaping the molding 12 a.

The two working forms 14, 14 'therefore open out laterally pick up the blank to be molded or take off the blank, each from above. This way one is special extremely precise positioning of the blank possible.

In this respect, the two working forms 14, 14 'also fold upwards directed to. The two work forms are automatically selected 14, 14 'containing air, optionally together with a mostly existing excess of the blank is expressed upwards, while the moisture or moisture contained in the blank Liquid, such as water, automatically goes down can run from the two working forms 14, 14 '. Not least as a result, a molded article 12 can be obtained in this way compared to moldings which are based on conventional Were made less air pockets, a larger one Uniformity and therefore better quality having.

As is clear from FIGS. 16a and 16b, the Working forms 14, 14 'each have a side facing the axis 16 22, 22 ', a side 24, 24' facing away from the axis 16, which roughly opposite sides 22, 22 ', and two sides 22, 22 'or 24, 24' on sides 26, 26 'connecting one another.

The working forms 14, 14 'shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are each on a press jaw 28, 28 'or the like, advantageously Centered, releasably attached. Any of the two Press jaws 28, 28 'include in particular one each Working form 14, 14 'receiving carrier plate 30, 30', one of the Axle 16 facing, in particular fork-shaped, section 32, 32 'and one adjoining the carrier plate 30, 30' Support element 34, 34 '. The support element 34, 34 'extends from the side 36, 36 'of the working molds 14, 14' or press jaws 28, 28 'approximately perpendicularly away from the blank to be molded or molding 12 is facing away.

In this way, the working forms 14, 14 'are in any position aligned to each other, but can also be without major assembly work for maintenance or repair purposes easily from above, for example by means of an elevator or Crane, disassemble or assemble and / or through work forms 14, 14 'replace other geometry and dimensions.

The movable work forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28 'are in the embodiment of the device 10 1 to 3 of the axis 16 (essentially) without play added. In addition, the mobile forms of work 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' on the axis 16 facing Sections 32, 32 'hinged which are the two working forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' to one another (essentially) set without play. Sections 32, 32 'are preferred designed fork-shaped, as in connection with other embodiments the device 10 according to the invention below is described in more detail (see. Fig. 5, 7, 12 and 14).

Since the two working forms 14, 14 'and press jaws 28, 28' on the one hand directly on the axis 16 (largely) without play mounted and on the other hand axially to each other on the axis 16 are arranged (almost) without play, every relative movement the two working forms 14, 14 'and press jaws 28, 28' to each other locked out. In this way is therefore a postponed Shape image, for example brick image, safely avoided.

The working forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' are around Axis 16 via a drive device 38 in the form of pneumatic or hydraulically actuated pressure cylinders 40, 40 ', 42, 42 'or another mechanically or electrically actuable Drive device pivotable.

A pivoting of the working molds 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28 'takes place in the present embodiment of the device 10 each have an essentially vertical effect Printing cylinder 40, 40 'and a substantially horizontal one Printing cylinders 42, 42 '. The pressure cylinders 40, 40 'serve primarily the raising and lowering of the forms of work 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28'. The pressure cylinders 42, 42 ', however ultimately practice those for shaping the molded article 12 required pressure force on the working forms 14, 14 'or Press jaws 28, 28 '. Because of the two-part design the pressure cylinder 40, 40 ', 42, 42' for pivoting the two Working forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' can be a Achieve dimensioning that requires a high compressive force ensures and is economical at the same time. However, it is also possible instead of the two pressure cylinders 40, 40 ', 42, 42 'each also only a single pressure cylinder (not shown) to provide, the power flow about 45 ° to frame 20 of device 10 in the direction of axis 16 works.

The working forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' are optionally additionally about the axis 16 via a guide device 44 (not in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 available) pivotable. This guide device 44 (cf. Fig. 4 to 7 and / or Fig. 11 to 14) can each have a guide role 46 and a guide track receiving the guide roller 46 48 include. The guide roller 46 is on the respective Working form 14, 14 'or press jaw 28, 28' articulated. The In contrast, guideway 48 is on frame 20 of the device 10 attached. The pressure cylinders 40, 40 ', 42, 42' of the drive device 38 and the guide rollers 46 of the guide device 44 are each articulated on the support element 34, 34 'or rotatably arranged. The guide rollers 46 move on the Guide track 46 back and forth according to double arrow 50.

1 to 3 is the two working forms 14, 14 ' their corresponding sides facing away from the axis 16 24, 24 'assigned a knife 52 to one during shaping to remove the blank 12 expressed excess of the blank. To protect the two forms of work 14, 14 'against the Knives 52, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 3, are attached to the Pages 24, 24 'of the working forms 14, 14', which correspond to each other and facing away from the axis 16, inserts 54, reinforcements or the like attached. The deposits 54 consist of wear-resistant material such as steel, steel alloys etc. or other abrasion-resistant material.

The outer contour or surface of the inserts 54 of the two working forms 14, 14 'and the cutting surface or cutting edge of the Knife 52, which may be when removing the excess come into contact with each other, are in their form on each other Voted. This ensures that the two sides 24, 24 'facing away from axis 16 when removing the Get a clean and straight cut edge that on the respective molding 12 with a certain geometry, Dimension and center of gravity is adjusted.

The knife 52 is in relation to the mutually corresponding axis 16 facing sides 24, 24 'of the two working forms 14, 14' according to Double arrow 56 (see. Fig. 8 to 10) designed to be longitudinally displaceable. For this purpose, the knife 52 is on a carriage 58 appropriate. The carriage 58 is of at least one guide element in the form of a guide rod, guide rail or The like along the corresponding axis 16 facing sides 24, 24 'of the two working forms 14, 14' slidably added. The one shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 Embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention are two Guide elements 60 are provided that are mutually and preferably opposite the sides 24, 24 'of the working forms facing away from the axis 16 14, 14 'are aligned in parallel.

Furthermore, the knife 52 is opposite to the two working forms 14, 14 'adjustable in height according to double arrow 62. For that are the two guide elements 60 for the carriage 58, which the knife 52 carries, over the ends 63 in two further slides 64 or the like supported. The slides 64 are each of at least one guide element 66 in the form of a guide rod, Guide rail or the like added height adjustable. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 the device 10 according to the invention are each two Guide elements 66 are provided for a carriage 64 that face each other are arranged in parallel.

As can also be seen from FIG. 3, is the knife 52 with respect to the corresponding axis 16 opposite sides 24, 24 'of the two working forms 14, 14' additionally adjustable according to double arrow 68 (diagonal). To this Way, the cut edge can be used to remove the excess be set against the horizontal by the knife 52, to, for example, the respective focus or the adjusted weight ratios of the molded article 12 adapted to become.

4 to 8 is a further embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention. In this embodiment is the axis 16 from or in the position to accommodate a blank to be molded or to remove a molding 12 in or out of the position for shaping the molding 12 according to Double arrow 70 movable, in particular displaceable, formed. The direction of movement of axis 16 essentially falls with a plane perpendicular to the leaf plane 72 together, which of the two working forms 14, 14 'at Shape of the molding 12 is clamped.

The axis 16 is therefore when pivoting the at least one Working form 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' in essentially slidable in the vertical direction, i.e. can be raised or lowered, educated. For this purpose, the axis 16 is above their End 74 supported in two carriages 76 or the like. The two carriages 76 are each of at least one guide element 78 in the form of a guide rod, guide rail or the like slidably added. 4 to 8 illustrated embodiment of the device according to the invention 10 two guide elements 78 are provided, which are arranged parallel to each other.

The axis 16 itself is connected via a mechanical, electrical, pneumatic or hydraulically operated drive device 80 movable. As can be seen particularly in FIGS. 4 and 6 can be removed, the drive device 80 comprises for displacement the axis 16 at least one pressure cylinder 82, the preferably on a pneumatic or hydraulic basis is retractable. One end 84 of the pressure cylinder 82 is there with the axis 16 and / or one or the two the axis 16 supporting carriage 76 connected. The other end 86 of the In contrast, printing cylinder 82 is supported on the frame 20 of the Device 10 from. The pressure cylinder 82 is used for lifting and Lowering the working forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28'.

5 and 7 in particular, are two working forms 14, 14 'and press jaws 28, 28' over the fork-shaped Sections 32, 32 'pivotable on the axis 16 stored. First, because the inside diameter of the forked Sections 32, 32 'provided bores with the outer diameter the axis 16 largely coincides with and others the width of the fork-shaped sections 32, 32 'on top of each other are coordinated, the two working forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' largely without play around the axis 16 swivel.

The pivoting or turning or folding of the working molds 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' takes place in the exemplary embodiment the device 10 according to FIGS. 4 to 8 each by means of a Drive device 38 in the form of a substantially horizontal acting pressure cylinder 88 and a guide device 44 with a guide roller 46 and one receiving the guide roller 46 Guideway 48. The guideway 48 of the guide device 44 is also essentially horizontal. The pressure cylinder 88 are for the application of the Shaping the molding 12 necessary pressure on the work forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' are provided. The Guide device 42 enables kinematic coupling between the essentially vertical impression cylinder 82 for raising or lowering the axis 16 and the substantially horizontally acting pressure cylinder 88.

The embodiment of the device shown in FIGS. 4 to 8 10 differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 3 finally by the fact that the carriage 64 for height adjustment of the knife 52 relative to the working forms 14, 14 'in each case directly from the two arranged parallel to each other Guide elements 78 in the form of a guide rod, guide rail or the like are slidably received.

Otherwise, the two embodiments of FIG Device 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 3 and 4 to 8 in constructive Terms. Therefore, the same components are also identical Provide reference numbers.

The embodiment of the device 10 according to FIG. 8 differs differs from that of FIGS. 4 to 7 only thereby, as instead of a knife 52 for removing the at the shape of the molding 12 expressed excess of Blank a rack 90 is provided.

In the embodiment of the device 10 according to FIG. 9 in contrast, a wiper 92 or the like for removal of any excess expressed.

A device 10 is shown schematically in FIG. 10 shown, in contrast to the embodiments of the Device 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 3 or 4 to 8 not only one Couple, but a total of three arranged side by side on the axis 16 Forms of work 14, 14 'are realized that each other are assigned and interact with each other.

11 to 14 finally show yet another advantageous one Embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention. In the device 10 according to FIGS. 11 to 14, the axis is 16 the previously described embodiments by a shaft 94 replaced by a mechanically actuated drive device 80 corresponding to that embodiment of FIG. 4 to 8 is displaceable.

The drive device 80 for displacing the shaft 94 has a gear assembly 96 on between the movable work forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28', the shaft 94 and acts on the two slides 76 supporting the shaft 94.

The shaft 94 is formed in two parts. Part 98 of the shaft 94 is unsolvable with the one working mold 14 or press jaw 28 connected. The other part 98 'of the shaft 94 is with the other Working form 14 'or press jaw 28' firmly connected.

One part 98 of the shaft 94 is a hollow shaft and the other Part 98 'of the shaft 94 is designed as a solid shaft, the Solid shaft in the hollow shaft is taken up essentially without play is.

The gear arrangement 96 has at least one rack 100 and a gear meshing with the rack 100 102 on. The rack 100 is on one of the two slides 76 the shaft 94 attached. The gear 102 is on one part 98 of the shaft 94 rotatably attached.

In addition, the gear arrangement 96 is equipped with at least one another rack 104 and an additional one with the other Rack 104 engaged gear 106 provided. The rack 104 is also on one of the two slides 76 attached. The gear 106 is in turn on the other Part 98 'of the shaft 94 rotatably mounted.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 to 14 Device 10 comprises the gear arrangement 96 two each Racks 100, 104 on each of the two supporting shaft 94 Carriage 76 and two each engaged with it Gears 102, 106 on the two parts 98, 98 'of the shaft 94. On this results in a uniform application of force the movable work forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28 'acting drive device 80 in the form of pressure cylinders 88 and the cooperating management facility 44 in the form of guide rollers 46 and guide tracks 48. As a result the gear arrangement 96 can thus be raised or lowered the shaft 94 on additional drive devices, such as Example the vertically acting pressure cylinder 82 in the embodiment the device 10 according to FIGS. 4 to 8 is dispensed with become. When the drive device 80 or the Rather, impression cylinder 88 is driven by gear arrangement 96 achieved that on the one hand the shaft 94 lifts automatically or lowered and on the other hand the flexible forms of work 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' automatically around the shaft 94 swivel or turn or fold.

Otherwise, the embodiment of the device 10 according to the 10 to 14 with the previously described embodiments match, are the same components with identical reference numerals Mistake.

According to FIGS. 15a, 15b and 15c, the embodiments can Forms of work 14, 14 'in the area of pages 22, 22', which correspond to each other and face the axis 16 or shaft 94 are with bores 108 or the like passages be provided to moisture or liquid, which in the Shaping of the molding 12 has emerged quickly and completely to remove.

According to FIG. 15a, the working forms 14, 14 'can have edge strips 110 in the area of the corresponding sides 22, 22 ', 24, 24', 26, 26 'of the working forms 14, 14'. According to FIG. 15b, the working forms 14, 14 'can also be used as Metal molds, in particular made of steel, be formed, wherein a degree of cleaning only in the area of the sides facing each other 22, 22 'during the actual shaping of the molding 12 arises, which then by means of a knife 52 or a rack 90 can be removed for example. According to the Fig. 15c, the working forms 14, 14 'can finally each comprise a lining 112, in particular made of plaster or the like Imprint material exists.

16a and 16b show the working forms 14, 14 'accordingly 8 and 9 in an enlarged view.

Finally, as shown in FIGS. 17a, 17b and 18a, 18b can be seen, the device 10 according to the invention easily for the production of differently shaped Flat tiles 114, 116 or also from special tiles such as verge tiles 118, use.

In the process according to the invention for the production of moldings 12, in particular of roof tile compacts from blanks, such as chunks of clay or the like, with at least one pair of mutually associated and interacting forms of work 14, 14 'is the molding 12 from the two working forms 14, 14 'in a substantially vertical position in Formed. The blank to be formed is preferably of at least one of the two working forms 14, 14 'in one substantially horizontal position is recorded or the molding 12 removed in a substantially horizontal position.

At least one of the two working forms 14, 14 'is thereby eliminated the or in the position for receiving the blank to be formed or to remove the molding 12 in or out of the position for Shaping of the molded article 12 about the axis 16 or shaft 94 the other of the two working forms 14, 14 'according to double arrow 18 1 and 2 moved to or away.

To maintain the greatest possible work cycle and utilization the device 10 according to the invention becomes the blank to be molded taken up by one of the two working forms 14, 14 'and the molding 12 is replaced by the other of the two working forms 14, 14 'removed.

One in the shaping of the molding 12 from the two working forms 14, 14 'on each other, the axis 16 or Pages 94, 24 'facing away from shaft 94, expressed excess of Blanks are straightened by a knife 52, Scraper 92, a rack 90 or the like removed.

The blank to be molded is made on one of the two working forms 14, 14 'placed by means of a suction head device while the molding 12 from the other of the two working forms 14, 14 'removed by means of the or a further suction head device becomes. In this way, the molding 12 can simultaneously when removing from the working form 14, 14 'by means of a knife or the like on at least one of the sides 22, 22 ', 24, 24 ', 26, 26' of the working shape 14, 14 'are deburred, for example by means of a lifting and deburring device, such as already proposed by the applicant.

Finally, it is readily possible to use the working forms 14, 14 'before taking up the blank with a liquid or emulsion, in particular one containing oil, water or the like facilitated separation of the molded article 12 after its shaping to spray, for example oil in metal molds as well Water in plaster molds.

The device and the method according to the invention are not limited to the embodiments described above by way of example. So it is quite conceivable to work forms 14, 14 ' on other than the corresponding, the axis 16 or 94 side facing away from the knife, the scraper, the Rack or the like also for removing one at the Assign the shape of the molded product to the 12 expressed excess.

Claims (39)

Device for the production of moldings (12), in particular from roof tile compacts, from blanks, like chunks made of clay or the like, with at least one pair of associated and interacting with each other Forms of work (14, 14 '), the two forms of work (14, 14, 14 ') is assigned an axis (16) or a shaft (94) and at least one of the two types of work (14, 14 ') one or in a position to receive one to be molded Blank or for removing a blank (12) in a or from a position to shape the molding (12) the axis (16) or shaft (94) on the other of the two working forms (14, 14 ') can be moved towards or away from it (Double arrow 18). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the two forms of work (14, 14 ') on the axis (16) or Shaft (94) are arranged pivotably (double arrow 18), the two forms of work (14, 14 ') each essentially one horizontal position to accommodate the part to be formed Blank or for removal of the molding (12) and one in essential vertical position for shaping the molding Take (12). Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the working form (s) (14, 14 ') from the axis (16) or shaft (94) is taken up essentially without play is / are. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the working form (s) (14, 14 ') over the Axle (16) or shaft (94) facing, in particular fork-shaped, Sections (32, 32 ') or the like on the axis (16) or shaft (94) which are the two working forms (14, 14 ') axially to each other on the axis (16) or shaft (94) essentially free of play. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the working form (s) (14, 14 ') about the axis (16) or shaft (94) via a mechanical, electrical, pneumatically or hydraulically operated drive device (38), in particular pressure cylinder (40, 40 ', 42, 42') or the like, is / are pivotable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the working form (s) (14, 14 ') about the axis (16) or shaft (94) via a guide device (44) is / are pivotable, each one at the respective Working form (14, 14 ') articulated guide roller (46) and one on the frame (20) of the device (10) or the like arranged and also the guide roller (46) receiving guideway (48). Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the drive device (38), in particular pressure cylinder (40, 40 ', 42, 42') or the like, and the guide rollers (46) of the guide device (44) each on one Support element (34, 34 ') or the like, which is different from the facing away from the blank or molding (12) to be molded Side (36, 36 ') of the working form (s) (14, 14') extended, are articulated or rotatable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that the axis (16) or shaft (94) from one or in a position for receiving a blank to be molded or for the removal of a molding (12) in or out of a Position for shaping the molding (12) in the direction of of the two working forms (14, 14 ') in the shaping the blank (12) spanned common plane (72) is movable, in particular displaceable (double arrow 70). Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the axis (16) or shaft (94) when pivoting the at least one form of work (14, 14 ') in substantially is designed to be displaceable in the vertical direction. Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that that the axis (16) or shaft (94) over the ends (74) supported in two slides (76) or the like is, each of at least one, preferably two guide elements (78) arranged parallel to one another, in particular guide rods, guide rails or the like, are slidably received. Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that that the axis (16) or shaft (94) over a mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically operated Drive device (80) is displaceable. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the drive device (80) for displacing the axis (16) at least one pressure cylinder (82) or the like comprises the between the axis (16) and / or the two Axle (16) supporting carriage (76) and the frame (20) of the device (10) acts. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the drive device (80) for displacing the shaft (94) comprises a gear arrangement (96) which between the working form (s) (14, 14 ') of the shaft (94) and the two slides (76) supporting the shaft (94) act. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the shaft (94) is formed in two parts, one part (98) the shaft (94) with one (14) of the working forms (14, 14 ') and the other part (98') of the shaft (94) with the other (14 ') of the working forms (14, 14') firmly connected are. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that one part (98) of the shaft (94) as a hollow shaft and the other part (98 ') of the shaft (94) is designed as a solid shaft are, the solid shaft in the hollow shaft essentially is recorded without play. Device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized characterized in that the gear arrangement (96) at least a rack attached to one of the two slides (76) (100) and a part (98) of the shaft (94) fastened, engaged with the rack (100) Gear (102) and at least one other on one of the two slides (76) and a rack (104) attached the other part (98 ') of the shaft (94) fastened with the another rack (104) meshing gear (106). Apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the gear arrangement (96) has two racks (100, 104) on each of the two slides supporting the shaft (94) (76) and two gearwheels in mesh with it (102, 106) on the two parts (98, 98 ') of the shaft (94). Device according to one of claims 8 to 17, characterized in that that the working form (s) (14, 14 ') by a mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically operated Drive device (80), in particular one Pressure cylinder (88), and a guide device (44), in particular a guide roller (46) and a guide roller (46) receiving guideway (48) which is essentially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the axis (16) or shaft (94) act, is / are pivotable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that that the working forms (14, 14 ') on each other corresponding, facing away from the axis (16) or shaft (94) Sides (24, 24 ') a knife (52), a scraper (92), a Rack (90) or the like for removing a in the shaping of the molding (12) expressed excess assigned to the blank. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the working forms (14, 14 ') at the corresponding, sides facing away from the axis (16) or shaft (94) (24, 24 ') with inserts (54), reinforcements or the like made of wear-resistant material, especially steel their protection against the knife (52), the wiper (92), the rack (90) or the like are provided. Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the inserts (54), reinforcements or the like of the working forms (14, 14 ') the knife (52), the scraper (92), the rack (90) or the like facing outer contour have, which on that of the knife (52), of the scraper (92), the rack (90) or the like is coordinated, and vice versa. Device according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized characterized in that the knife (52), the scraper (92), the rack (90) or the like to the corresponding, sides (24, 24 ') facing away from the axis (16) the working forms (14, 14 ') can be moved longitudinally (double arrow 56). Apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that the knife (52), the scraper (92), the rack (90) or the like is attached to a slide (58), that of at least one, preferably two to one another parallel arranged guide elements (60), in particular Guide rods, guide rails or the like, along the corresponding, axis (16) or Shaft (94) opposite sides (24, 24 ') of the two forms of work (14, 14 ') is slidably received. Device according to one of claims 19 to 23, characterized characterized in that the knife (52), the scraper (92), the rack (90) or the like opposite the two Working forms (14, 14 ') is adjustable in height (double arrow 62). Device according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that that the two guide elements (60) for the knife (52), the scraper (92), the rack (90) or the like supporting carriage (58) over the ends (63) in two slides (64) or the like are supported, the each of at least one, preferably two to each other parallel arranged guide elements (66, 78), in particular Guide rods, guide rails or the like, height adjustable are included. Device according to one of claims 19 to 25, characterized characterized in that the knife (52), the scraper (92), the rack (90) or the like opposite to each other corresponding sides (24, 24) facing away from the axis (16) 24 ') of the working forms (14, 14') is inclined (Double arrow 68). Device according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that that the working forms (14, 14 ') in the area the corresponding one, the axis (16) or shaft (94) facing sides (22, 22 ') bores (108) or similar passages for removing in the shaping of the molded product (12) associated with the resulting liquid are. Device according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that that the working form (s) (14, 14 ') each a press jaw (28, 28 ') or the like, in particular is centered, releasably attached, which are in particular a carrier plate receiving the respective working shape (14, 14 ') (30, 30 '), the axis (16) or shaft (94) facing, in particular fork-shaped, section (32, 32 ') and one adjoining the carrier plate (30, 30') Support element (34, 34 ') comprises. Device according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that that the working forms (14, 14 ') as metal forms, in particular made of steel. Device according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that that the working forms (14, 14 ') each Lining (112), in particular made of plaster or similar material, include. Process for the production of moldings (12), in particular from roof tile compacts, from blanks, like chunks of Clay or the like, with at least one pair of each other assigned and interacting forms of work (14, 14 '), in particular according to one of the claims 1 to 30, wherein the molding (12) of the two working forms (14, 14 ') in a substantially vertical Location is formed. A method according to claim 31, characterized in that the blank to be molded from at least one of the two working forms (14, 14 ') in a substantially horizontal Location is recorded or the molding (12) in one is removed substantially horizontal position. Method according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that that at least one of the two forms of work (14, 14 ') from or into a position to accommodate the part to be molded Blank or for removing the blank (12) in a or from a position for shaping the molding (12) by one Axis (16) or a shaft (94) or the like on the other of the two forms of work (14, 14 ') to and from this is moved away (double arrow 18). Method according to one of claims 31 to 33, characterized in that that the blank to be molded from one of the two forms of work (14, 14 ') is added and the Molding (12) from the other of the two working forms (14, 14 ') is removed. Method according to one of claims 31 to 34, characterized in that that one in the shaping of the molding (12) from the two working forms (14, 14 ') corresponding to one another, facing away from the axis (16) or shaft (94) Pages (24, 24 ') expressed excess of the blank by a knife (52), a scraper (92), a rack (90) or the like is removed. Method according to one of claims 31 to 35, characterized in that that the blank to be molded on one of the two working forms (14, 14 ') by means of a suction head device applied and the molding (12) from the other of the two forms of work (14, 14 ') by means of or another suction head device is removed. A method according to claim 36, characterized in that the molding (12) at the same time as it is removed from the working mold (14 ') by means of a knife or the like at least one of the sides (22, 22 ', 24, 24', 26, 26 ') the work forms (14, 14 ') is deburred. Method according to one of claims 31 to 37, characterized in that that the working forms (14, 14 ') before admission of the blank with one, especially oil, water or the like-containing, liquid or emulsion to facilitate Separation of the molding (12) from the working forms (14, 14 ') are sprayed after its shaping. Use of a device according to one of claims 1 to 31 or a method according to one of claims 31 up to 38 for the production of flat bricks and / or special bricks, like verge bricks etc.

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