EP0889455B1 - Public transport information system advising the users of the estimated waiting times at the stops within the network - Google Patents

Public transport information system advising the users of the estimated waiting times at the stops within the network Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0889455B1
EP0889455B1 EP98401637A EP98401637A EP0889455B1 EP 0889455 B1 EP0889455 B1 EP 0889455B1 EP 98401637 A EP98401637 A EP 98401637A EP 98401637 A EP98401637 A EP 98401637A EP 0889455 B1 EP0889455 B1 EP 0889455B1
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Prior art keywords
public transport
positions
instant
central computer
information system
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0889455A1 (en
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Jean-Claude Decaux
Jacques Le Gars
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JCDECAUX HOLDING
JCDecaux International
JCDecaux SE
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/123—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating the position of vehicles, e.g. scheduled vehicles; Managing passenger vehicles circulating according to a fixed timetable, e.g. buses, trains, trams

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems of information to inform users of public transportation relative to wait times at shutdowns of these networks.
  • WO-A-94/02923 describes an example of a such information system.
  • information systems have data that faithfully represent positions of transit vehicles at the time where these devices receive this data, which allows information devices to calculate an estimate very precise waiting times at network stops of public transport, by transmitting to the devices minimum data volume.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a line 1 of buses belonging to an urban network, traveled by buses 2 which are represented here by arrows oriented in the direction of their progression.
  • Line 1 is broken down into two routes (i.e. two directions) A and B in opposite directions, which include each different stops 3.
  • the position actual of each bus 2 is determined at intervals of regular time by a localization system 4, which receives position data for each bus 2 by any known means, and preferably by radio.
  • the position data in question can be sent for example by the buses themselves from an on-board positioning device, in particular GPS type, or others.
  • the positioning system 4 sends all the positions xi (ti) as well as the instants ti corresponding to a central computer station 5.
  • the central computer station 5 From data received from the location system 4, the central computer station 5 generates at intervals regular time, for example between 20 and 40 seconds, messages including identification of each bus 2, which we will denote by its index i, as well as a position xi of this bus.
  • the messages in question are sent by post data center 5, at instants ⁇ known as instants transmission, to at least one paging transmitter 6 unilateral which works for example according to the ERMES standard or other.
  • This transmitter 6 transmits said messages towards electronic information devices 10 which advantageously consist at least in part of portable unilateral paging receivers specially programmed.
  • These messages are received by the receivers 10 after a certain mean routing time T, which can be worth for example 10 to 20 seconds.
  • the positions xi of the different buses which are transmitted by the central computer station 5 for receivers 10, are positions estimated at time ⁇ + T, so that said positions substantially match the positions actually occupied by buses 2 at the time when said positions are received by receivers 10.
  • each time that a receiver 10 receives a radio message giving the positions xi of the different network bus it not only memorizes its positions xi, but also the time t of arrival of this message, and he then considers that said positions xi are those existing at time t, to calculate waiting times buses.
  • the receivers 10 can thus perform calculations very precise waiting times, without we have to transmit to these receivers all of the instants ti corresponding to the positions xi determined by the location system 4: this avoids increasing data transmission time to receivers 10, and at the same time unnecessarily cluttering the network of unilateral paging.
  • the central computer station 5 uses the positions xi (ti) as well as the instants ti of measuring these positions, which he previously memorized on several localization cycles.
  • a bus 2 when a bus 2 is located at a distance from a stop 3 which is less than a value limit D, D being for example between 10 and 50 meters, then the central computer station 5 considers that this bus is exactly at stop 3 in question.
  • D a value limit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Meter Arrangements (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
  • Prepayment Telephone Systems (AREA)
  • Computer And Data Communications (AREA)

Abstract

The system has an electronic information point (10) at each bus stop (3), to inform intending passengers of the waiting time before the arrival of the next bus. The system uses a locator (4) to determine the position of each bus (2) every 20-40 seconds and transmit the data to a central information post, where it is processed to give a delay time and fed via a transmitter (6) to the bus stop display units. Each display unit has an aerial and a receiver, a decoding circuit, a memory, microprocessor and display screen. It also has keys or other means of interrogation, a battery for its power supply and a loudspeaker for sound signals.

Description

La présente invention est relative aux systèmes d'information pour renseigner les usagers de réseaux de transport en commun relativement aux temps d'attente aux arrêts de ces réseaux.The present invention relates to systems of information to inform users of public transportation relative to wait times at shutdowns of these networks.

Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne un système d'information pour renseigner les usagers d'un réseau de transport en commun sur les temps d'attente des véhicules de transport en commun à des arrêts appartenant à ce réseau, ce système d'information comportant :

  • des dispositifs électroniques d'information dotés chacun d'une interface permettant de renseigner les usagers sur les temps d'attente des véhicules de transport en commun, chacun de ces dispositifs d'information étant adapté pour déterminer les temps d'attente des véhicules de transport en commun à partir de positions successives desdits véhicules de transport en commun,
  • un poste central informatique, adapté pour transmettre de façon répétitive vers les dispositifs d'information, les nouvelles positions des véhicules de transport en commun, cette transmission débutant à des instants successifs  dits instants de transmission, et lesdites positions parvenant aux dispositifs d'information au bout d'un certain temps moyen d'acheminement T après chaque instant de transmission ,
  • et un système de localisation adapté pour localiser les véhicules de transport en commun et pour communiquer au poste central informatique des données représentatives de la position xi(ti) de chaque véhicule de transport en commun ainsi que l'instant ti auquel a été faite la localisation de ce véhicule.
More particularly, the invention relates to an information system for informing the users of a public transport network about the waiting times of public transport vehicles at stops belonging to this network, this information system comprising :
  • electronic information devices, each with an interface enabling users to be informed of waiting times for public transport vehicles, each of these information devices being adapted to determine waiting times for transport vehicles in common from successive positions of said public transport vehicles,
  • a central computer station, adapted to transmit repeatedly to the information devices, the new positions of the public transport vehicles, this transmission starting at successive instants its so-called transmission instants, and said positions reaching the information devices after a certain average routing time T after each instant of transmission ,
  • and a location system adapted to locate the public transport vehicles and to communicate to the central computer station data representative of the position xi (ti) of each public transport vehicle as well as the instant ti at which the localization was made of this vehicle.

Le document WO-A-94/02923 décrit un exemple d'un tel système d'information.WO-A-94/02923 describes an example of a such information system.

Le système d'information décrit dans ce document donne satisfaction, mais il apparaít souhaitable d'affiner les estimations des temps d'attente réalisées dans les dispositifs électroniques d'information de ce système.The information system described in this document gives satisfaction, but it seems desirable to refine wait time estimates made in electronic information devices of this system.

C'est précisément le but poursuivi par la présente invention.This is precisely the aim pursued by this invention.

A cet effet, selon l'invention, un système d'information du genre en question est essentiellement caractérisé en ce que le poste central informatique est adapté pour :

  • avant chaque instant de transmission , estimer la position xi(+T) que devrait avoir chaque véhicule de transport en commun à l'instant +T, en fonction des positions antérieures des véhicules de transport en commun,
  • puis, à l'instant de transmission , transmettre ces estimations xi(+T) vers les dispositifs d'information en tant que nouvelles positions des véhicules de transport en commun.
To this end, according to the invention, an information system of the kind in question is essentially characterized in that the central computer station is suitable for:
  • before each transmission instant , estimate the position xi ( + T) that each public transport vehicle should have at the instant  + T, according to the previous positions of the public transport vehicles,
  • then, at the time of transmission , transmit these estimates xi ( + T) to the information devices as new positions of the public transport vehicles.

Grâce à ces dispositions, les dispositifs d'information disposent de données qui représentent fidèlement les positions des véhicules de transport en commun au moment où ces dispositifs reçoivent ces données, ce qui permet aux dispositifs d'information de calculer une estimation très précise des temps d'attente aux arrêts du réseau de transport en commun, et ce en transmettant aux dispositifs d'information un volume de données minimal. Thanks to these provisions, information systems have data that faithfully represent positions of transit vehicles at the time where these devices receive this data, which allows information devices to calculate an estimate very precise waiting times at network stops of public transport, by transmitting to the devices minimum data volume.

En particulier, il n'est pas nécessaire de transmettre aux dispositifs d'information les instants de localisation ti des différents véhicules de transport en commun.In particular, it is not necessary to transmit to the information devices the instants of localization ti different public transport vehicles.

On réalise ainsi un gain au niveau du temps de transmission des données vers les dispositifs d'information, et au niveau de l'encombrement du réseau de transmission.There is thus a gain in terms of the time of transmission of data to information devices, and at the level of the congestion of the transmission network.

Dans des modes de réalisation préférés de l'invention, on peut éventuellement avoir recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes :

  • au moins certains des dispositifs d'information sont des boítiers récepteurs portatifs de radio-messagerie unilatérale, les positions des véhicules de transport en commun étant transmises à ces dispositifs d'information par voie hertzienne ;
  • les véhicules de transport en commun sont des autobus ;
  • - le poste central informatique est adapté pour estimer la position que devrait avoir chaque véhicule de transport en commun à l'instant +T en calculant une distance Li normalement parcourue par ce véhicule entre les instants ti et +T, au moyen de la formule : Li=Vi.(+T-ti),
    où Vi est une vitesse estimée du véhicule de transport en commun, le poste central informatique étant adapté pour calculer les vitesses estimées Vi en fonction des positions antérieures des véhicules de transport en commun ;
  • le poste central informatique est adapté pour calculer la vitesse estimée Vi de chaque véhicule de transport en commun comme étant une vitesse moyenne passée de ce véhicule de transport en commun, lorsque la dernière position connue dudit véhicule de transport en commun ne se trouve pas sur un arrêt du réseau de transport en commun ;
  • le poste central informatique est adapté pour calculer la vitesse estimée Vi de chaque véhicule de transport en commun comme étant une vitesse moyenne passée de ce véhicule de transport en commun, lorsque la position dudit véhicule de transport en commun, relevée par le système de localisation, se trouve sur un même arrêt depuis un temps supérieur à une première durée prédéterminée ;
  • le poste central informatique est adapté pour calculer la vitesse estimée Vi de chaque véhicule de transport en commun comme étant égale à 0 pendant une deuxième durée prédéterminée lorsque la dernière position connue de ce véhicule de transport en commun se trouve pour la première fois sur un arrêt du réseau de transport en commun, puis Vi étant une vitesse moyenne passée du véhicule de transport en commun considéré, après cette deuxième durée prédéterminée ;
  • ladite vitesse moyenne passée est calculée sur une période ayant une durée inférieure à 1 mn ;
  • ladite vitesse moyenne passée est une vitesse moyenne calculée sur une période ayant une durée supérieure à 5 mn, multipliée par un coefficient correcteur compris entre 1,1 et 1,5 ;
  • ladite vitesse moyenne passée est la dernière vitesse non nulle du véhicule de transport en commun, calculée entre deux localisations successives de ce véhicule
  • le poste central informatique est adapté pour corriger la dernière position xi(ti) de chaque véhicule de transport en commun en considérant que ce véhicule de transport en commun est à un arrêt du réseau de transport en commun si ladite dernière position est à une distance dudit arrêt qui est inférieure à une certaine valeur limite, cette valeur limite étant comprise entre 10 et 50 m;
  • l'estimation de la position des véhicules de transport en commun à l'instant +T est réalisée par le poste central informatique en fonction d'au moins un paramètre autre que les données reçues du système de localisation, le poste central informatique étant adapté pour comparer les positions ainsi estimées avec les positions réelles ultérieures des véhicules de transport en commun, et pour ajuster ledit paramètre en fonction de cette comparaison ;
  • le poste central informatique est adapté pour :
    • recevoir des données d'au moins un des dispositifs d'information,
    • déterminer ainsi, après chaque instant d'émission , l'instant réel auquel ce dispositif d'information a reçu les positions transmises audit instant d'émission,
    • et ajuster la valeur du temps moyen d'acheminement T en fonction de cet instant réel de réception.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, it is possible optionally to have recourse to one and / or the other of the following arrangements:
  • at least some of the information devices are portable receiver boxes for unilateral paging, the positions of public transport vehicles being transmitted to these information devices over the air;
  • public transit vehicles are buses;
  • the central computer station is adapted to estimate the position that each public transport vehicle should have at the instant  + T by calculating a distance Li normally traveled by this vehicle between the instants ti and  + T, by means of the formula: Li = Vi. ( + T-ti),
    where Vi is an estimated speed of the public transport vehicle, the central computer station being adapted to calculate the estimated speeds Vi as a function of the previous positions of the public transport vehicles;
  • the central computer station is adapted to calculate the estimated speed Vi of each public transport vehicle as being an average past speed of this public transport vehicle, when the last known position of said public transport vehicle is not on a shutdown of the public transportation network;
  • the central computer station is adapted to calculate the estimated speed Vi of each public transport vehicle as being an average past speed of this public transport vehicle, when the position of said public transport vehicle, noted by the location system, has been on the same stop for a time greater than a first predetermined duration;
  • the central computer station is adapted to calculate the estimated speed Vi of each public transport vehicle as being equal to 0 for a second predetermined duration when the last known position of this public transport vehicle is for the first time on a stop of the public transport network, then Vi being an average past speed of the public transport vehicle considered, after this second predetermined duration;
  • said past average speed is calculated over a period of less than 1 minute;
  • said past average speed is an average speed calculated over a period having a duration greater than 5 min, multiplied by a correction coefficient between 1.1 and 1.5;
  • said past average speed is the last non-zero speed of the public transport vehicle, calculated between two successive locations of this vehicle
  • the central computer station is adapted to correct the last position xi (ti) of each public transport vehicle by considering that this public transport vehicle is at a stop of the public transport network if said last position is at a distance from said stop which is less than a certain limit value, this limit value being between 10 and 50 m;
  • the estimation of the position of the public transport vehicles at the instant  + T is carried out by the central computer station as a function of at least one parameter other than the data received from the location system, the central computer station being adapted to compare the positions thus estimated with the subsequent actual positions of the public transport vehicles, and to adjust said parameter as a function of this comparison;
  • the central computer station is suitable for:
    • receive data from at least one of the information devices,
    • thus determine, after each transmission instant , the real instant at which this information device has received the positions transmitted at said transmission instant,
    • and adjust the value of the average routing time T as a function of this real instant of reception.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront au cours de la description suivante d'une de ses formes de réalisation, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard des dessins joints.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the following description of one of its embodiments, given by way of example not limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Sur les dessins :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'une ligne d'un réseau d'autobus,
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un système d'information selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, permettant de renseigner les usagers du réseau d'autobus, relativement aux temps d'attente aux arrêts de ce réseau,
  • et la figure 3 est un schéma de principe d'un boítier portatif d'information appartenant au système d'information représenté sur la figure 2.
In the drawings:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a line of a bus network,
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an information system according to an embodiment of the invention, making it possible to inform the users of the bus network, relative to the waiting times at the stops of this network,
  • and FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a portable information box belonging to the information system shown in FIG. 2.

Sur les différentes figures, les mêmes références désignent des éléments identiques ou similaires.In the different figures, the same references denote identical or similar elements.

La figure 1 montre schématiquement une ligne 1 d'autobus appartenant à un réseau urbain, parcourue par des autobus 2 qui sont représentés ici par des flèches orientées dans le sens de leur progression.Figure 1 shows schematically a line 1 of buses belonging to an urban network, traveled by buses 2 which are represented here by arrows oriented in the direction of their progression.

La ligne 1 se décompose en deux parcours (c'est-à-dire deux directions) A et B de sens opposé, qui comprennent chacun différents arrêts 3.Line 1 is broken down into two routes (i.e. two directions) A and B in opposite directions, which include each different stops 3.

Comme expliqué plus en détail dans le document WO-A-94/02923, et comme représenté sur la figure 2, la position réelle de chaque autobus 2 est déterminée à intervalles de temps régulier par un système de localisation 4, qui reçoit des données de position relatives à chaque autobus 2 par tout moyen connu, et de préférence par voie hertzienne.As explained in more detail in document WO-A-94/02923, and as shown in figure 2, the position actual of each bus 2 is determined at intervals of regular time by a localization system 4, which receives position data for each bus 2 by any known means, and preferably by radio.

Les données de position en question peuvent être envoyées par exemple par les autobus eux-mêmes à partir d'un dispositif de positionnement embarqué, notamment de type GPS, ou autres.The position data in question can be sent for example by the buses themselves from an on-board positioning device, in particular GPS type, or others.

Le système de positionnement 4 mémorise ainsi, pour chaque autobus 2 du réseau (représenté par un indice i) :

  • des données correspondant à la position xi (ti) de cet autobus sur le parcours A, B qu'il est en train de suivre,
  • et l'instant ti auquel a été déterminée cette position.
The positioning system 4 thus stores, for each bus 2 of the network (represented by an index i):
  • data corresponding to the position xi (ti) of this bus on the route A, B which it is currently following,
  • and the instant ti at which this position was determined.

A intervalles de temps réguliers, par exemple toutes les 20 à 30 secondes, le système de positionnement 4 envoie l'ensemble des positions xi(ti) ainsi que les instants ti correspondants à un poste central informatique 5.At regular time intervals, for example all every 20 to 30 seconds, the positioning system 4 sends all the positions xi (ti) as well as the instants ti corresponding to a central computer station 5.

A partir des données reçues du système de localisation 4, le poste central informatique 5 génère à intervalles de temps régulier, compris par exemple entre 20 et 40 secondes, des messages comprenant l'identification de chaque autobus 2, que nous désignerons par son indice i, ainsi qu'une position xi de cet autobus.From data received from the location system 4, the central computer station 5 generates at intervals regular time, for example between 20 and 40 seconds, messages including identification of each bus 2, which we will denote by its index i, as well as a position xi of this bus.

La position xi en question pourra par exemple comprendre, pour chaque autobus 2 du réseau :

  • l'indication de la ligne et du parcours A ou B suivi par cet autobus,
  • l'indication de la prochaine station 3 qui va être atteinte par cet autobus, ou à laquelle se trouve déjà cet autobus,
  • et la distance d séparant cet autobus de ladite prochaine station.
The position xi in question could for example include, for each bus 2 of the network:
  • indication of the line and route A or B followed by this bus,
  • the indication of the next station 3 which will be reached by this bus, or to which this bus is already located,
  • and the distance d separating this bus from said next station.

Les messages en question sont émis par le poste central informatique 5, à des instants  dits instants d'émission, vers au moins un émetteur 6 de radio-messagerie unilatérale qui fonctionne par exemple selon la norme ERMES ou autre. Cet émetteur 6 transmet lesdits messages vers des dispositifs d'information électroniques 10 qui consistent avantageusement au moins pour partie en des récepteurs portatifs de radio-messagerie unilatérale spécialement programmés. The messages in question are sent by post data center 5, at instants  known as instants transmission, to at least one paging transmitter 6 unilateral which works for example according to the ERMES standard or other. This transmitter 6 transmits said messages towards electronic information devices 10 which advantageously consist at least in part of portable unilateral paging receivers specially programmed.

Ces messages sont reçus par les récepteurs 10 après un certain temps moyen d'acheminement T, qui peut valoir par exemple 10 à 20 secondes.These messages are received by the receivers 10 after a certain mean routing time T, which can be worth for example 10 to 20 seconds.

Comme représenté sur la figure 3, chaque récepteur 10 peut comprendre classiquement :

  • une antenne 11 associée à un dispositif de réception 12 de messages radio,
  • un circuit 13 de décodage de ces messages,
  • une mémoire 14,
  • un microprocesseur 15,
  • un écran 16 ou autre dispositif d'affichage,
  • un clavier 17 à touches ou autre dispositif d'interrogation,
  • une pile 18 ou autre alimentation électrique autonome,
  • et un haut-parleur 19 ou autre émetteur de signaux sonores.
As shown in FIG. 3, each receiver 10 can conventionally include:
  • an antenna 11 associated with a device 12 for receiving radio messages,
  • a circuit 13 for decoding these messages,
  • a memory 14,
  • a microprocessor 15,
  • a screen 16 or other display device,
  • a keyboard 17 with keys or other interrogation device,
  • a battery 18 or other autonomous power supply,
  • and a loudspeaker 19 or other transmitter of sound signals.

Comme expliqué dans le document WO-A-94/02923, le microprocesseur 15 de chaque récepteur 10 est programmé pour :

  • élaborer, à partir des messages radio reçus du poste central informatique 5, des informations relatives au temps d'attente du ou des prochains autobus 2 à un arrêt donné 3 sur un parcours donné du réseau d'autobus,
  • et faire apparaítre ces informations sur l'écran 16, en fonction des interrogations effectuées par l'usager.
As explained in document WO-A-94/02923, the microprocessor 15 of each receiver 10 is programmed to:
  • develop, from radio messages received from the central computer station 5, information relating to the waiting time of the next bus or buses 2 at a given stop 3 on a given route of the bus network,
  • and show this information on the screen 16, according to the interrogations carried out by the user.

Afin que les temps d'attente ainsi élaborés soient les plus exacts possibles, les positions xi des différents autobus, qui sont transmises par le poste central informatique 5 à destination des récepteurs 10, sont des positions estimées à l'instant +T, de façon que lesdites positions correspondent sensiblement aux positions réellement occupées par les autobus 2 au moment où lesdites positions sont reçues par les récepteurs 10.So that the waiting times thus developed are as exact as possible, the positions xi of the different buses, which are transmitted by the central computer station 5 for receivers 10, are positions estimated at time  + T, so that said positions substantially match the positions actually occupied by buses 2 at the time when said positions are received by receivers 10.

De la sorte, chaque fois qu'un récepteur 10 reçoit un message radio donnant les positions xi des différents autobus du réseau, il mémorise non seulement ses positions xi, mais également l'instant t d'arrivée de ce message, et il considère ensuite que lesdites positions xi sont celles existantes à l'instant t, pour calculer les temps d'attente des autobus.In this way, each time that a receiver 10 receives a radio message giving the positions xi of the different network bus, it not only memorizes its positions xi, but also the time t of arrival of this message, and he then considers that said positions xi are those existing at time t, to calculate waiting times buses.

Les récepteurs 10 peuvent ainsi effectuer des calculs très précis des temps d'attente, sans pour autant que l'on ait à transmettre à ces récepteurs l'ensemble des instants ti correspondant aux positions xi déterminées par le système de localisation 4 : on évite ainsi d'augmenter le temps de transmission des données vers les récepteurs 10, et par la même occasion d'encombrer inutilement le réseau de radio-messagerie unilatérale.The receivers 10 can thus perform calculations very precise waiting times, without we have to transmit to these receivers all of the instants ti corresponding to the positions xi determined by the location system 4: this avoids increasing data transmission time to receivers 10, and at the same time unnecessarily cluttering the network of unilateral paging.

Pour estimer la position de chaque autobus à l'instant +T, le poste central informatique 5 utilise les positions xi(ti) ainsi que les instants ti de mesure de ces positions, qu'il a précédemment mémorisés sur plusieurs cycles de localisation.To estimate the position of each bus at the instant  + T, the central computer station 5 uses the positions xi (ti) as well as the instants ti of measuring these positions, which he previously memorized on several localization cycles.

Plus précisément, ces données précédemment mémorisées permettent au poste central informatique 5 de calculer une vitesse estimée Vi pour chaque autobus, ce qui permet d'estimer la position de l'autobus à l'instant +T en considérant que cet autobus aura parcouru entre les instants ti et +T, une distance Li = Vi. (+T-ti). More specifically, these previously stored data allow the central computer station 5 to calculate an estimated speed Vi for each bus, which used to estimate the position of the bus at the instant  + T considering that this bus will have traveled between instants ti and  + T, a distance Li = Vi. ( + T-ti).

La vitesse estimée Vi de chaque autobus peut être calculée de diverses manières, et notamment de la façon suivante :

  • lorsqu'un autobus se trouve entre deux arrêts 3 du réseau ou lorsqu'il se trouve sur un même arrêt depuis un temps supérieur à une durée prédéterminée (par exemple depuis plus d'un cycle de localisation, c'est-à-dire que les deux dernières positions mesurées de cet autobus se trouvent sur le même arrêt), la vitesse Vi peut être égale à une vitesse moyenne passée de l'autobus, déterminée à partir des positions xi(ti) et des instants ti de mesures de ces positions, précédemment mémorisés par le poste central informatique sur plusieurs cycles de localisation,
  • et lorsque la dernière position connue de l'autobus se trouve pour la première fois sur un arrêt 3 du réseau, la vitesse estimée Vi est d'abord égale à 0 pendant une durée prédéterminée Ta, par exemple pendant 15 secondes, puis Vi prend à nouveau une valeur non nulle au-delà de ces 15 secondes, cette valeur non nulle étant comme précédemment une vitesse moyenne passée de l'autobus.
The estimated speed Vi of each bus can be calculated in various ways, and in particular as follows:
  • when a bus has been between two stops 3 of the network or when it has been on the same stop for more than a predetermined time (for example for more than one location cycle, that is to say that the last two measured positions of this bus are on the same stop), the speed Vi can be equal to an average past speed of the bus, determined from the positions xi (ti) and the instants ti of measurements of these positions , previously stored by the central computer station over several location cycles,
  • and when the last known position of the bus is for the first time on a stop 3 of the network, the estimated speed Vi is first equal to 0 for a predetermined duration Ta, for example for 15 seconds, then Vi takes to again a non-zero value beyond these 15 seconds, this non-zero value being, as before, an average past speed of the bus.

Avantageusement, lorsqu'un autobus 2 est localisé à une distance d'un arrêt 3 qui est inférieure à une valeur limite D, D étant par exemple comprise entre 10 et 50 mètres, alors le poste central informatique 5 considère que cet autobus se trouve exactement sur l'arrêt 3 en question.Advantageously, when a bus 2 is located at a distance from a stop 3 which is less than a value limit D, D being for example between 10 and 50 meters, then the central computer station 5 considers that this bus is exactly at stop 3 in question.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif, on peut utiliser comme vitesse moyenne passée de chaque autobus :

  • une vitesse moyenne calculée sur une période ayant une durée inférieure à 1 mn, par exemple environ 30 secondes, cette période étant de préférence immédiatement antérieure à l'instant présent,
  • une vitesse moyenne calculée sur une période ayant une durée supérieure à 5 mn, de préférence multipliée par un coefficient correcteur λ compris par exemple entre 1,1 et 1,5 pour tenir compte des arrêts de l'autobus pendant cette période,
  • ou encore la dernière vitesse non nulle de l'autobus, calculée entre deux localisations successives de cet autobus.
By way of nonlimiting example, the average past speed of each bus can be used:
  • an average speed calculated over a period having a duration of less than 1 min, for example approximately 30 seconds, this period preferably being immediately prior to the present moment,
  • an average speed calculated over a period of more than 5 minutes, preferably multiplied by a correction coefficient λ of, for example, between 1.1 and 1.5 to take account of bus stops during this period,
  • or the last non-zero speed of the bus, calculated between two successive locations of this bus.

Afin d'affiner encore les estimations de position effectuées par le poste central informatique 5, on peut avantageusement comparer les positions estimées par ce poste central informatique avec les positions réelles ultérieures des autobus. Cette comparaison peut être faite par exemple en extrapolant des positions xi'(+T) à partir des nouvelles positions réelles xi(ti) reçues du système de localisation 4 (cette extrapolation peut se faire par exemple selon une règle proportionnelle si le nouvel instant de localisation ti est postérieur à l'instant +T correspondant aux positions précédemment transmises), et en comparant ces positions extrapolées xi' (+T) avec les positions xi(+T) précédemment transmises. On ajuste alors les paramètres de l'estimation en fonction de cette comparaison : en particulier, on peut ajuster de cette façon les temps d'arrêt Ta des autobus aux arrêts du réseau ainsi que le coefficient correcteur λ susmentionné.To further refine the position estimates performed by the central computer station 5, we can advantageously compare the positions estimated by this computer central station with subsequent real positions buses. This comparison can be made for example by extrapolating positions xi '( + T) from new real positions xi (ti) received from the system location 4 (this extrapolation can be done by example according to a proportional rule if the new instant of localization ti is posterior to the instant  + T corresponding to the positions previously transmitted), and by comparing these extrapolated positions xi '( + T) with the positions xi ( + T) previously transmitted. We then adjust estimation parameters based on this comparison : in particular, we can adjust this way Ta downtime from buses to network stops as well than the aforementioned correction coefficient λ.

Pour améliorer encore la précision des estimations effectuées par le poste central informatique, il est possible de coupler un récepteur 10 de radio-messagerie à ce poste central, afin de pouvoir mesurer le temps d'acheminement réel des messages entre le poste central informatique et les récepteurs 10 de radio-messagerie. On peut ainsi ajuster la valeur du temps moyen d'acheminement T en fonction de ce temps d'acheminement réel.To further improve the accuracy of the estimates performed by the central computer station, it is possible to pair a pager 10 to this central station, in order to be able to measure the routing time real messages between the central computer station and paging receivers 10. We can thus adjust the value of the average routing time T by based on this actual routing time.

Claims (13)

  1. An information system for informing users of a public transport network about waiting times for public transport vehicles (2) at stops (3) of the network, the information system comprising:
    electronic information devices (10) each provided with an interface (16, 17) for informing users about waiting times for public transport vehicles, each of said information devices being adapted to determine the waiting times for said public transport vehicles (2) on the basis of successive positions of said public transport vehicles;
    a central computer point (5) adapted to broadcast repetitively to the information devices (10) new positions for the public transport vehicles (2), said broadcasting beginning at successive transmission instants  and said positions reaching the information devices (10) after a certain average transit time T has elapsed from each broadcast instant ; and
    a locating system (4) adapted to locate the public transport vehicles (2) and to send data to the central computer point (5) representing the position xi(ti) of each public transport vehicle (2) in association with the instant ti at which the vehicle was located;
       the system being characterized in that the central computer point (5) is adapted:
    prior to each broadcast instant , to estimate the position xi(+T) that each public transport vehicle is expected to have at instant +T, as a function of the prior positions of the public transport vehicles; and
    then, at the broadcast instant , to transmit said estimates xi (+T) to the information devices (10) as the new positions of the public transport vehicles (2).
  2. An information system according to claim 1, in which at least some of the information devices (10) are portable receiver appliances for receiving one-way radio paging, with the positions of the public transport vehicles (2) being broadcast to said information devices by radio.
  3. An information system according to claim 1 or claim 2, in which the public transport vehicles (2) are buses.
  4. An information system according to any preceding claim, in which the central computer point (5) is adapted to estimate the position which each public transport vehicle is expected to have at instant +T by calculating a distance Li that said vehicle will normally travel between instants ti and +T, using the formula: Li = Vi .( + T - ti) where Vi is an estimated speed for the public transport vehicle, the central computer point (5) being adapted to calculate estimated speeds Vi as a function of earlier positions of the public transport vehicles.
  5. An information system according to claim 4, in which, when the most recently known position of said public transport vehicle is not at a stop (3) in the public transport network, the central computer point (5) is adapted to calculate the estimated speed Vi of each public transport vehicle as being an average speed travelled by said public transport vehicle.
  6. An information system according to claim 4 or claim 5, in which, when the position of said public transport vehicle as identified by the locating system has been at the same stop (3) for a length of time greater than a predetermined first duration, the central computer point (5) is adapted to calculate the estimated speed Vi of each public transport vehicle (2) as being a past average speed of said public transport vehicle.
  7. An information system according to any one of claims 4 to 6, in which, when the last known position of the public transport vehicle is for the first time at a stop (3) of the public transport network, the central computer point (5) is adapted to calculate the estimated speed Vi of each public transport vehicle (2) as being equal to zero during a second predetermined duration, followed, after said second predetermined duration has elapsed, by Vi, where Vi is a past average speed of the public transport vehicle in question.
  8. An information system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, in which said past average speed is calculated over a period having a duration of less than 1 min.
  9. An information system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, in which said past average speed is an average speed calculated over a period of duration less than 5 min, multiplied by a correction factor lying in the range 1.1 to 1.5.
  10. An information system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, in which said past speed is the most recent non-zero speed of the public transport vehicle (2) calculated between two successive located positions of said vehicle.
  11. An information system according to any preceding claim, in which the central computer system (5) is adapted to correct the most recent position xi(ti) of each public transport vehicle (2) on the assumption that said public transport vehicle is at a stop (3) of the public transport network if the most recent position is at a distance from said stop which is less than a certain limit value, which limit value may lie in the range 10 m to 50 m.
  12. An information system according to any preceding claim, in which the positions of the public transport vehicles at instant +T are estimated by the central computer point (5) as a function of at least one parameter other than the data received from the locating system, the central computer point being adapted to compare the positions estimated in this way with the subsequent real positions of the public transport vehicles, and to adjust said parameter as a function of said comparison.
  13. An information system according to any preceding claim, in which the central computer point (5) is adapted:
    to receive data from at least one of the information devices (10);
    to determine in this way, after each broadcast instant , the real instant at which said information device actually receives the positions as broadcast at said broadcast instant; and
    to adjust the value of the average transit time T as a function of said real instant of reception.
EP98401637A 1997-07-04 1998-07-01 Public transport information system advising the users of the estimated waiting times at the stops within the network Expired - Lifetime EP0889455B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR9708506 1997-07-04
FR9708506A FR2765710B1 (en) 1997-07-04 1997-07-04 INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION TO USERS OF A PUBLIC TRANSIT NETWORK RELATING TO WAIT TIMES AT STATIONS OF THIS NETWORK

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EP (1) EP0889455B1 (en)
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DE69810706T2 (en) 2003-12-18
DE69810706D1 (en) 2003-02-20
DK0889455T3 (en) 2003-05-05
ATE231269T1 (en) 2003-02-15
US6253148B1 (en) 2001-06-26
EP0889455A1 (en) 1999-01-07
FR2765710A1 (en) 1999-01-08
CA2242020A1 (en) 1999-01-04
FR2765710B1 (en) 1999-09-10

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