EP0887606B1 - Drying apparatus - Google Patents

Drying apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0887606B1
EP0887606B1 EP98110125A EP98110125A EP0887606B1 EP 0887606 B1 EP0887606 B1 EP 0887606B1 EP 98110125 A EP98110125 A EP 98110125A EP 98110125 A EP98110125 A EP 98110125A EP 0887606 B1 EP0887606 B1 EP 0887606B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
container
drying agent
heat exchanger
wood
compressor
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EP98110125A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0887606A1 (en
EP0887606B2 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Gerl
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EBERL TROCKNUNGSANLAGEN GMBH
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Eberl Trocknungsanlagen GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/08—Humidity
    • F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber

Definitions

  • Such a device for drying wood with the features (a) to (g) is known from FR-A-1 391 485.
  • This device does not work with one Pressure drop in the container.
  • a control device controls this Switching the chillers and the external heat exchanger on and off exclusively from the point of view of compliance with a Temperature range from 8 to 30 ° C of the circulated as a desiccant Air.
  • a device for drying wood has a container which can be placed under negative pressure (DE-A-35 43 248).
  • This device also uses air as a desiccant in one closed circuit circulated. On part of the circulation route heat is added to the air on another part of the circulation path is flowed through from the air by passing water Cooling tubes condensed moisture. A chiller is not available.
  • a device for drying paint is known, the a container that can be placed under vacuum and a refrigerator has, the condensation heat exchanger for supplying heat in the Gutfactrmaum is arranged (DE-C-310 352, embodiment 3 and claim 3).
  • a vacuum pump continuously draws the vapors formed in the intake area a drain line.
  • the evaporation heat exchanger is located in the exhaust line the chiller so that the vapors condense there.
  • the condensation liquid is together with Evacuation air drawn off via the vacuum pump. The one from the Vapor-free evacuation air will not dry again Color used.
  • DE-C-310 352 there are still more Desiccation devices described with closed Work the desiccant circuit, but not with a vacuum.
  • the invention has for its object a device for Drying to specify the genus outlined at the beginning, which the Disadvantages of the open circuits explained does not have and has a significantly improved energy balance.
  • this object is achieved in the device for Drying the type shown solved that at the Container a vacuum pump is connected.
  • the device according to the invention enables faster drying. In comparison to the drying device according to DE-A-35 43 248 there is considerable energy saving.
  • the invention provides a device for drying, where the circulating desiccant, in general Air flowing through the refrigerant circuit, which is too high Humidity is switched on.
  • the humid air gets there first cooled in the evaporator, so that the assumed Moisture can be removed as water and then reheated in the condenser of the refrigerant circuit to increase the amount of saturated steam.
  • the desiccant circuit and the more closed refrigerant circuit are coupled with each other, and this makes a significant improved efficiency of the entire system.
  • the vacuum pump sets the boiling point of the water in the tank down.
  • the heat exchanger Chiller in the area of a front end of the container are arranged. This allows a closed one in the container Space for receiving the goods to be dried whose vertical boundary walls have flow openings for the desiccant and with the opposite Walls of the container form a wind tunnel in which the blower is arranged. The damp area is thus on a room limited outside the too dry good.
  • the compressor of the refrigerant circuit arranged inside the container is, there is the advantage that the waste heat of the compressor in Vacuum area is used and the construction of the device simplified.
  • the evaporator over a sump for condensed from the desiccant Water arranged, which is connected to a collecting container can be.
  • This collection container is outside of the container for arranged the inclusion of the goods to be dried.
  • a submersible pump can be arranged in the drip pan with which the condensed water is sucked off at intervals can be.
  • the one located outside the container Collection container is not required, so this solution is special is frost-proof.
  • a spray tube for moistening the material to be dried opens.
  • This Spray tube is water in the beginning of the drying process Desiccant circuit sprayed to increase the humidity and gentle drying of the goods, especially wood, bring about.
  • the invention is based on a Device for drying wet or damp wood 10 shown, which corresponds to the circuit diagram of Figure 6 a carriage 12 is stacked.
  • the carriage 12 is for the Drying process on a track 14 in a closed Room 16 driven a cylindrical container 18, the in Figure 1 right end face then through a cover 20th is closed.
  • On the cover 20 opposite The essentially cuboid space 16 is through at the end a vertical partition 22 from an area 24 of the container 18 completed. This area 24 serves inter alia. to record essential parts of a refrigeration machine 26 to be explained.
  • the wind tunnel 32 consists of a Pressure channel 32a and in the direction of flow behind the space 16 a suction channel 32b, both through the rear area 24 are interconnected. This makes a closed one Wind tunnel 32 is formed, which encloses the space 16.
  • Blower 34 arranged by a motor 36 with horizontal Axis is driven.
  • a heater 38 is provided in the area 24, which in the illustrated embodiment of two electrical operated flat tube spiral radiators; Of course can also be used differently designed heaters 38 are, for example, hot water heat exchangers.
  • a spray tube 40 In the flow direction behind the heater 38 opens into the container 18 a spray tube 40, via which at the beginning of Drying process water in the pressure area 32a of the wind tunnel 32 can be sprayed.
  • the water supply is here controlled by a solenoid valve 42.
  • the addition of water in the desiccant cycle is recommended at the beginning of the Process to digest the wood 10, i.e. around the pores of the Open the wood so that the moisture is extracted from the wood can be.
  • a heat exchanger 44 is provided, which is above an adjustable limit of the air humidity automatically is switched to the humid air up to one as well selectable degree of moisture to cool down and condensation bring about.
  • This heat exchanger 40 is as evaporator 46 of the closed refrigerant circuit 48 the refrigerator 26 is formed.
  • the drip pan 52 is over an outwardly leading line 54 with a collecting container 56 connected (see also Figure 3), the outside of the container 18th stands.
  • a vacuum pump 58 is connected to the container 18 3 via a water separator 60 with the collecting container 56 is connected. With the help of the vacuum pump 58 can End of the heating phase in the entire system - container 18 and Collection container 56 - a negative pressure can be generated, for example from 0.6 to 0.7 bar by lowering the boiling point to accelerate the evaporation of the water.
  • the evaporator 46 After the evaporator 46, it now flows to the temperature t4 cooled air through a further heat exchanger 62, which according to 6 through the condenser 64 of the refrigerant circuit 48 is formed. Behind the condenser 64, the air is at one Temperature t1 of about 65 ° C and is heated by means of Blower 34 pressed by the heater 38, which with the Capacitor 64 forms the heater of the system.
  • the evaporator 46 and the condenser form 64 the two heat exchangers of the refrigerant circuit 48
  • the compressor 66 is mounted outside of the container 18.
  • Figure 6 schematically shows this refrigerant circuit 48, the works as a heat pump and in that behind the compressor 66 some refrigerant compresses its heat in the condenser 64 emits to the air flowing through, causing this to the Temperature t1 is warmed up. Then the refrigerant relaxed in the throttle 68 so that it cools down again and in Evaporator 46 heat from that flowing in the direction of arrow B. Can absorb air, which cools it down to the temperature t4 and condenses.
  • Figure 4 shows that the container 18 for controlling the Process by means of a control device 74 shown in Figure 1 Connections 76 for wood moisture sensors, a thermometer 78, a temperature sensor 80 and a pressure switch 82 with Manometer 84 has. Received via an air humidity sensor 88 the control device 74 control commands for switching on or off of the refrigeration cycle 48 depending on the particular Degree of humidity in the air.
  • Figure 4 also shows that at the bottom of the Collection container 56 for the condensed water, an outlet 86 is appropriate.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show a variant of the device that in particular consists in that the compressor 66 of the Refrigerant circuit 48 not outside of the container 18 is arranged, but in the area 24 of the container 18. So the advantage is achieved that the waste heat of the compressor 66th is used within the vacuum range, so that the Compressor 66 consists of the heating device of the system the capacitor 64 and the heater 38.
  • FIG. 8 also shows that in this variant two blowers 34 are provided so that a larger volume of air per unit time can be circulated, reducing the efficiency of the device improved.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further variant of the device shown, in which the collecting container 56 for the condensed There is no water. Instead, it is in the underneath the evaporator 46 arranged collecting tray 52 for the condensate 50 a submersible pump 90 used, which via a drain line 92 to the outside leads. The submersible pump 90 can be switched on at intervals to drain the water through the drain line 92. at In this embodiment of the invention, the vacuum pump 58 sucks Via line 54, the air directly from the area 24 of the Container 18 out. Due to the lack of an outside of the Container 18 arranged collecting container 56 is this solution particularly frost-proof because the drip pan 52 is warm Area.

Abstract

A dryer, especially suitable for wood, comprises a vessel which can be closed, carrying a flow of air through the wood. A vacuum pump is connected to the vessel. There is a heater on the air inlet, and the vessel is followed by a condenser. The air circuit is coupled to a closed coolant circuit (48) of a refrigeration machine, of which an evaporator (46) serves as a water condenser (44), and which is connected via a compressor (66) with a further, coolant circuit condenser (64), which forms part of the heating unit. Preferably, condensed water is collected (52, 56) outside the drying vessel. A spray tube (40) is provided to moisten the wood in the vessel (18), and a blower circulates the air (24).

Description

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von nassem oder feuchtem Gut, insbesondere Holz, mittels eines umgewälzten Trockenmittels, insbesondere Luft, aufweisend:

  • (a) einen verschließbaren Behälter, der einen Raum zur Aufnahme des zu trocknenden Gutes enthält;
  • (b) einen Trockenmittelkreislauf;
  • (c) eine Aufheizeinrichtung, die strömungsmäßig vor dem Gutaufnahmeraum angeordnet ist;
  • (d) eine Kältemaschine mit einem Verdichter, einem Kondensations-Wärmetauscher, einem Verdampfungs-Wärmetauscher und einem geschlossenen Kältemittelkreislauf, der den Verdichter und die zwei Wärmetauscher verbindet,
  • (e) wobei der Verdampfungs-Wärmetauscher strömungsmäßig hinter dem Gutaufnahmeraum angeordnet und zum Auskondensieren von Feuchtigkeit aus dem Trockenmittel vorgesehen ist,
  • (f) und wobei der Kondensations-Wärmetauscher als Teil der Aufheizeinrichtung vorgesehen ist;
  • (g) und aufweisend ein Gebläse zum Umwälzen des Trockenmittels.
    • The invention relates to a device for drying wet or moist material, in particular wood, by means of a circulating desiccant, in particular air, comprising:
  • (a) a closable container which contains a space for receiving the material to be dried;
  • (b) a desiccant circuit;
  • (c) a heating device which is arranged in flow in front of the material receiving space;
  • (d) a refrigerator with a compressor, a condensation heat exchanger, an evaporative heat exchanger and a closed refrigerant circuit which connects the compressor and the two heat exchangers,
  • (e) wherein the evaporation heat exchanger is arranged in terms of flow behind the material receiving space and is provided for condensing moisture out of the desiccant,
  • (f) and wherein the condensation heat exchanger is provided as part of the heating device;
  • (g) and having a blower for circulating the desiccant.

    • Eine derartige Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Holz mit den Merkmalen (a) bis (g) ist aus FR-A-1 391 485 bekannt. Diese Vorrichtung arbeitet nicht mit einer Druckabsenkung in dem Behälter. Es sind zwei Kältemaschinen, vier Wärmetauscher in dem Umwälzkanal und ein wahlweise wärmeabfiihrender oder wärmeaufnehinender oder inaktiv geschalteter Wärmetauscher außerhalb des Behälters vorgesehen. Eine Regeleinrichtung steuert das Zu- und Abschalten der Kältemaschinen und des externen Wärmetauschers ausschließlich unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Einhaltung eines Temperaturbereichs von 8 bis 30°C der als Trockenmittel umgewälzten Luft.Such a device for drying wood with the features (a) to (g) is known from FR-A-1 391 485. This device does not work with one Pressure drop in the container. There are two chillers, four Heat exchanger in the circulation channel and an optional heat-dissipating one or heat absorbing or deactivated heat exchanger provided outside the container. A control device controls this Switching the chillers and the external heat exchanger on and off exclusively from the point of view of compliance with a Temperature range from 8 to 30 ° C of the circulated as a desiccant Air.

    Andererseits ist eine Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Holz bekannt, die einen unter Unterdruck setzbaren Behälter aufweist (DE-A-35 43 248). Auch bei dieser Vorrichtung wird Luft als Trockenmittel in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf umgewälzt. Auf einem Teil des Umwälzweges wird der Luft Wärme zugeführt, auf einem anderen Teil des Umwälzweges wird aus der Luft durch Vorbeistreichen an Wasser durchströmten Kühlrohren Feuchtigkeit auskondensiert. Eine Kältemaschine ist nicht vorhanden.On the other hand, a device for drying wood is known, the has a container which can be placed under negative pressure (DE-A-35 43 248). This device also uses air as a desiccant in one closed circuit circulated. On part of the circulation route heat is added to the air on another part of the circulation path is flowed through from the air by passing water Cooling tubes condensed moisture. A chiller is not available.

    Außerdem ist eine Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Farbe bekannt, die einen unter Unterdruck setzbaren Behälter und eine Kältemaschine aufweist, deren Kondensations-Wärmetauscher zur Wärmezufuhr in dem Gutaufnahmeraum angeordnet ist (DE-C-310 352, Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 3 und Anspruch 3). Bei dieser Vorrichtung wird allerdings kein Trockenmittel im Kreislauf umgewälzt, sondern eine Vakuumpumpe zieht kontinuierlich die im Gutaufnahmeraum gebildeten Dämpfe über eine Abzugsleitung ab. In der Abzugsleitung sitzt der Verdampfungs-Wärmetauscher der Kältemaschine, so daß dort die Dämpfe kondensieren. Die Kondensationsflüssigkeit wird zusammen mit Evakuierungsluft über die Vakuumpumpe abgezogen. Die von den Dämpfen befreite Evakuierungsluft wird nicht erneut zum Trocknen der Farbe eingesetzt. - In der DE-C-310 352 sind noch weitere Trocknungsvorrichtungen beschrieben, die mit geschlossenem Trockenmittelkreislauf, aber nicht mit Vakuum, arbeiten. In addition, a device for drying paint is known, the a container that can be placed under vacuum and a refrigerator has, the condensation heat exchanger for supplying heat in the Gutaufnahmermaum is arranged (DE-C-310 352, embodiment 3 and claim 3). With this device, however not a desiccant circulated, but a vacuum pump continuously draws the vapors formed in the intake area a drain line. The evaporation heat exchanger is located in the exhaust line the chiller so that the vapors condense there. The condensation liquid is together with Evacuation air drawn off via the vacuum pump. The one from the Vapor-free evacuation air will not dry again Color used. - In DE-C-310 352 there are still more Desiccation devices described with closed Work the desiccant circuit, but not with a vacuum.

    Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zum Trocknen der eingangs umrissenen Gattung anzugeben, die die erläuterten Nachteile der offenen Kreisläufe nicht aufweist und eine erheblich verbesserte Energiebilanz hat.The invention has for its object a device for Drying to specify the genus outlined at the beginning, which the Disadvantages of the open circuits explained does not have and has a significantly improved energy balance.

    Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe bei der Vorrichtung zum Trocknen der aufgezeigten Bauart dadurch gelöst, daß an den Behälter eine Vakuumpumpe angeschlossen ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved in the device for Drying the type shown solved that at the Container a vacuum pump is connected.

    Im Vergleich zu der Trocknungsvorrichtung gemäß FR-A-1 391 485 ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eine raschere Trocknung. Im Vergleich zu der Trocknungsvorrichtung gemäß DE-A-35 43 248 ergibt sich eine erhebliche Energieeinsparung.Compared to the drying device according to FR-A-1 391 485 the device according to the invention enables faster drying. In comparison to the drying device according to DE-A-35 43 248 there is considerable energy saving.

    Durch die Erfindung steht eine Vorrichtung zum Trocknen zur Verfügung, bei der das umgewälzte Trockenmittel, im allgemeinen Luft, durch den Kältemittelkreislauf strömt, der bei zu hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit zugeschaltet wird. Die feuchte Luft wird dabei zunächst im Verdampfer abgekühlt, so daß die angenommene Feuchtigkeit als Wasser abgeführt werden kann und anschließend im Kondensator des Kältemittelkreislaufes wieder aufgewärmt wird, um die Sättigungsdampfmenge zu vergrößern. Der Trockenmittelkreislauf und der geschlossere Kältemittelkreilauf sind miteinander gekoppelt, und hierdurch wird ein erheblich verbesserter Wirkungsgrad der gesamten Anlage erzielt. Die Vakuumpumpe setzt den Siedepunkt des Wassers in dem Behälter herab.The invention provides a device for drying, where the circulating desiccant, in general Air flowing through the refrigerant circuit, which is too high Humidity is switched on. The humid air gets there first cooled in the evaporator, so that the assumed Moisture can be removed as water and then reheated in the condenser of the refrigerant circuit to increase the amount of saturated steam. The desiccant circuit and the more closed refrigerant circuit are coupled with each other, and this makes a significant improved efficiency of the entire system. The vacuum pump sets the boiling point of the water in the tank down.

    Dabei ist es besonders günstig, wenn die Wärmetauscher der Kältemaschine im Bereich eines Stirnendes des Behälters angeordnet sind. Damit kann in dem Behälter ein abgeschlossener Raum für die Aufnahme des zu trocknenden Gutes ausgebildet werden, dessen vertikale Begrenzungswände Durchströmöffnungen für das Trockenmittel aufweisen und mit den gegenüberliegenden Wänden des Behälters einen Windkanal bilden, in dem das Gebläse angeordnet ist. Der feuchte Bereich ist somit auf einen Raum außerhalb des zu trockenen Gutes begrenzt.It is particularly advantageous if the heat exchanger Chiller in the area of a front end of the container are arranged. This allows a closed one in the container Space for receiving the goods to be dried whose vertical boundary walls have flow openings for the desiccant and with the opposite Walls of the container form a wind tunnel in which the blower is arranged. The damp area is thus on a room limited outside the too dry good.

    Wenn nach einem Vorzugsmerkmal der Erfindung der Verdichter des Kältemittelkreislaufes innerhalb des Behälters angeordnet ist, ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß die Abwärme des Verdichters im Vakuumbereich genutzt wird und sich die Bauweise der Vorrichtung vereinfacht.If according to a preferred feature of the invention the compressor of the refrigerant circuit arranged inside the container is, there is the advantage that the waste heat of the compressor in Vacuum area is used and the construction of the device simplified.

    Nach einem Vorzugsmerkmal der Erfindung ist der Verdampfer über einer Auffangwanne für aus dem Trockenmittel kondensiertes Wasser angeordnet, welche mit einem Sammelbehälter verbunden sein kann. Dieser Sammelbehälter ist außerhalb des Behälters für die Aufnahme des zu trocknenden Gutes angeordnet. Damit wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß das Kondenswasser sofort aus dem Behälter herausgeführt wird und nicht mehr erneut in den Trockenmittelkreislauf gelangen kann.According to a preferred feature of the invention, the evaporator over a sump for condensed from the desiccant Water arranged, which is connected to a collecting container can be. This collection container is outside of the container for arranged the inclusion of the goods to be dried. With that the Advantage achieved that the condensed water immediately from the container is brought out and no longer in the desiccant circuit can reach.

    Alternativ kann in der Auffangwanne eine Tauchpumpe angeordnet sein, mit der das kondensierte Wasser in Intervallen abgesaugt werden kann. Der außerhalb des Behälters angeordnete Sammelbehälter entfällt hierbei, so daß diese Lösung besonders frostsicher ist.Alternatively, a submersible pump can be arranged in the drip pan with which the condensed water is sucked off at intervals can be. The one located outside the container Collection container is not required, so this solution is special is frost-proof.

    Nach einem weiteren Vorzugsmerkmal der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß in Strömungsrichtung hinter der Heizung in den Behälter ein Sprührohr zum Befeuchten des zu trocknenden Gutes mündet. Über dieses Sprührohr wird zu Beginn des Trocknungsprozesses Wasser in den Trockenmittelkreislauf gesprüht, um die Luftfeuchtigkeit zu erhöhen und eine schonende Trocknung des Gutes, vor allem Holz, herbeizuführen.According to a further preferred feature of the invention it is provided that in Flow direction behind the heater in the container is a spray tube for moistening the material to be dried opens. About this Spray tube is water in the beginning of the drying process Desiccant circuit sprayed to increase the humidity and gentle drying of the goods, especially wood, bring about.

    Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen und aus der folgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen, die in der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Vorrichtung zum Trocknen gemäß der Erfindung,
  • Figur 2 in vergrößerter Darstellung das Stirnende des Behälters mit der Kältemaschine (Schnittebene II-II der Figur 5),
  • Figur 3 einen Querschnitt in der Ebene III-III der Figur 1,
  • Figur 4 die Stirnansicht des geöffneten Behälters in Richtung des Pfeiles IV der Figur 1,
  • Figur 5 die teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht des die Kältemaschine aufweisenden Bereiches der Vorrichtung in Richtung des Pfeiles V der Figur 2,
  • Figur 6 ein Schaltbild der Vorrichtung, das die Kopplung des Trockenmittelkreislaufes und des Kältemittelkreislaufes verdeutlicht,
  • Figur 7 eine Variante der Figur 2,
  • Figur 8 eine der Figur 3 entsprechende Darstellung der in Figur 7 gezeigten Variante und
  • Figur 9 eine weitere Variante der Figur 3.
    • Further advantages of the invention emerge from the dependent patent claims and from the following description of exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the drawing. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of a drying device according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged representation of the front end of the container with the refrigeration machine (sectional plane II-II of FIG. 5),
  • 3 shows a cross section in the plane III-III of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 shows the front view of the opened container in the direction of arrow IV in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 5 shows the partially sectioned side view of the area of the device having the refrigerator in the direction of arrow V in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 6 shows a circuit diagram of the device, which illustrates the coupling of the desiccant circuit and the refrigerant circuit,
  • FIG. 7 shows a variant of FIG. 2,
  • Figure 8 is a representation corresponding to Figure 3 of the variant shown in Figure 7 and
  • FIG. 9 shows a further variant of FIG. 3.

    • In den Figuren 1 bis 6 ist die Erfindung anhand einer Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von nassem oder feuchtem Holz 10 dargestellt, das entsprechend der Schaltskizze der Figur 6 auf einem Laufwagen 12 gestapelt ist. Der Laufwagen 12 wird für den Trocknungsprozeß auf einem Gleis 14 in einen abgeschlossenen Raum 16 eines zylindrischen Behälters 18 gefahren, dessen in Figur 1 rechte Stirnseite anschließend durch einen Deckel 20 verschlossen wird. Auf der dem Deckel 20 gegenüberliegenden Stirnseite ist der im wesentlichen quaderförmige Raum 16 durch eine vertikale Trennwand 22 von einem Bereich 24 des Behälters 18 abgeschlossen. Dieser Bereich 24 dient u.a. zur Aufnahme wesentlicher Teile einer noch zu erläuternden Kältemaschine 26.In Figures 1 to 6, the invention is based on a Device for drying wet or damp wood 10 shown, which corresponds to the circuit diagram of Figure 6 a carriage 12 is stacked. The carriage 12 is for the Drying process on a track 14 in a closed Room 16 driven a cylindrical container 18, the in Figure 1 right end face then through a cover 20th is closed. On the cover 20 opposite The essentially cuboid space 16 is through at the end a vertical partition 22 from an area 24 of the container 18 completed. This area 24 serves inter alia. to record essential parts of a refrigeration machine 26 to be explained.

    Die vertikalen Begrenzungswände 28 des Raumes 16, die sich in Längsrichtung des zylindrischen Behälters 18 erstrecken, haben Durchströmöffnungen 30 und bilden mit den gegenüberliegenden Längswänden des Behälters 18 einen Windkanal 32 für das Trockenmittel, hier Luft. Der Windkanal 32 besteht aus einem Druckkanal 32a und in Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Raum 16 aus einem Sogkanal 32b, die beide durch den hinteren Bereich 24 miteinander verbunden sind. Dadurch wird ein geschlossener Windkanal 32 gebildet, der den Raum 16 umschließt. Zur Umwälzung der Luft ist in dem hinteren Bereich 24 des Behälters 18 ein Gebläse 34 angeordnet, das von einem Motor 36 mit horizontaler Achse angetrieben wird. In Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Gebläse 34 ist in dem Bereich 24 eine Heizung 38 vorgesehen, die im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel aus zwei elektrisch betriebenen Flachrohr-Spiralheizkörpern besteht; selbstverständlich können auch anders ausgebildete Heizungen 38 verwendet werden, beispielsweise Warmwasser-Wärmetauscher.The vertical boundary walls 28 of the room 16, which are in Extend the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical container 18 Flow openings 30 and form with the opposite Longitudinal walls of the container 18 a wind tunnel 32 for that Desiccant, here air. The wind tunnel 32 consists of a Pressure channel 32a and in the direction of flow behind the space 16 a suction channel 32b, both through the rear area 24 are interconnected. This makes a closed one Wind tunnel 32 is formed, which encloses the space 16. For a revolution the air is in the rear region 24 of the container 18 Blower 34 arranged by a motor 36 with horizontal Axis is driven. In the direction of flow behind the fan 34, a heater 38 is provided in the area 24, which in the illustrated embodiment of two electrical operated flat tube spiral radiators; Of course can also be used differently designed heaters 38 are, for example, hot water heat exchangers.

    In Strömungsrichtung hinter der Heizung 38 mündet in den Behälter 18 ein Sprührohr 40, über welches zu Beginn des Trocknungsprozesses Wasser in den Druckbereich 32a des Windkanals 32 gesprüht werden kann. Die Wasserzufuhr wird hierbei durch ein Magnetventil 42 gesteuert. Die Zugabe von Wasser in den Trockenmittelkreislauf empfiehlt sich zu Beginn des Prozesses, um das Holz 10 aufzuschließen, d.h. um die Poren des Holzes zu öffnen, so daß dem Holz die Feuchtigkeit gut entzogen werden kann.In the flow direction behind the heater 38 opens into the container 18 a spray tube 40, via which at the beginning of Drying process water in the pressure area 32a of the wind tunnel 32 can be sprayed. The water supply is here controlled by a solenoid valve 42. The addition of water in the desiccant cycle is recommended at the beginning of the Process to digest the wood 10, i.e. around the pores of the Open the wood so that the moisture is extracted from the wood can be.

    Die hinter der Heizung 38 auf eine Temperatur t2 von etwa 70°C erhitzte Luft strömt im Druckbereich 32a des Windkanals 32 in Richtung der eingezeichneten Pfeile A durch die über die Länge der benachbarten Begrenzungswand 28 verteilten Durchströmöffnungen 30 in den Raum 16, der das zu trocknende Holz 10 aufnimmt. Die den Holzstapel quer durchströmende Luft nimmt dabei Feuchtigkeit auf und entweicht durch die gegenüberliegenden, versetzt angeordneten Durchströmöffnungen 30, die in der gegenüberliegenden Begrenzungswand 28 des Raumes 16 vorgesehen sind. In Richtung der eingezeichneten Pfeile B (vgl. auch Figur 6) strömt die nun feuchte Luft, die auf eine Temperatur t3 von etwa 65°C abgekühlt ist, über den Sogkanal 32b in den hinteren Bereich 24 des Behälters 18. Am Eingang dieses Bereiches 24 ist ein Wärmetauscher 44 vorgesehen, der oberhalb eines einstellbaren Grenzwertes der Luftfeuchtigkeit automatisch zugeschaltet wird, um die feuchte Luft bis zu einem ebenfalls vorwählbaren Feuchtegrad abzukühlen und eine Kondensation herbeizuführen. Dieser Wärmetauscher 40 ist als Verdampfer 46 des geschlossenen Kältemittelkreislaufes 48 der Kältemaschine 26 ausgebildet. In dem Wärmetauscher 44 wird die durchströmende Luft auf eine Temperatur t4 von etwa 50°C abgekühlt, so daß der Taupunkt erreicht wird und das Kondensat 50 (vgl. Figur 6) in eine Auffangwanne 52 tropft, welche unter dem Verdampfer 46 angeordnet ist. Die Auffangwanne 52 ist über eine nach außen führende Leitung 54 mit einem Sammelbehälter 56 verbunden (vgl. auch Figur 3), der außerhalb des Behälters 18 steht.That behind the heater 38 to a temperature t2 of about 70 ° C heated air flows in the pressure region 32a of the wind tunnel 32 in Direction of arrows A through the length the adjacent boundary wall 28 distributed flow openings 30 in the room 16, the wood to be dried 10 receives. The air that flows across the stack of wood takes moisture and escapes through the opposite, staggered flow openings 30, which in the opposite boundary wall 28 of the room 16 are provided. In the direction of the arrows B (cf. also Figure 6) flows the now moist air that on a Temperature t3 has cooled from about 65 ° C. via suction channel 32b in the rear area 24 of the container 18. At the entrance of this Area 24, a heat exchanger 44 is provided, which is above an adjustable limit of the air humidity automatically is switched to the humid air up to one as well selectable degree of moisture to cool down and condensation bring about. This heat exchanger 40 is as evaporator 46 of the closed refrigerant circuit 48 the refrigerator 26 is formed. In the heat exchanger 44 the air flowing through to a temperature t4 of about 50 ° C cooled so that the dew point is reached and the condensate 50 (see FIG. 6) drips into a drip pan 52, which is under the evaporator 46 is arranged. The drip pan 52 is over an outwardly leading line 54 with a collecting container 56 connected (see also Figure 3), the outside of the container 18th stands.

    An den Behälter 18 ist eine Vakuumpumpe 58 angeschlossen, die gemäß Figur 3 über einen Wasserabscheider 60 mit dem Sammelbehälter 56 verbunden ist. Mit Hilfe der Vakuumpumpe 58 kann am Ende der Aufheizphase in dem gesamten System - Behälter 18 und Sammelbehälter 56 - ein Unterdruck erzeugt werden, beispielsweise von 0,6 bis 0,7 bar, um durch Herabsetzen des Siedepunktes des Wassers das Verdampfen zu beschleunigen.A vacuum pump 58 is connected to the container 18 3 via a water separator 60 with the collecting container 56 is connected. With the help of the vacuum pump 58 can End of the heating phase in the entire system - container 18 and Collection container 56 - a negative pressure can be generated, for example from 0.6 to 0.7 bar by lowering the boiling point to accelerate the evaporation of the water.

    Hinter dem Verdampfer 46 strömt die nun auf die Temperatur t4 abgekühlte Luft durch einen weiteren Wärmetauscher 62, der gemäß Figur 6 durch den Kondensator 64 des Kältemittelkreislaufes 48 gebildet wird. Hinter dem Kondensator 64 ist die Luft auf eine Temperatur t1 von etwa 65°C erwärmt und wird mittels des Gebläses 34 durch die Heizung 38 gedrückt, die mit dem Kondensator 64 die Aufheizeinrichtung des Systems bildet.After the evaporator 46, it now flows to the temperature t4 cooled air through a further heat exchanger 62, which according to 6 through the condenser 64 of the refrigerant circuit 48 is formed. Behind the condenser 64, the air is at one Temperature t1 of about 65 ° C and is heated by means of Blower 34 pressed by the heater 38, which with the Capacitor 64 forms the heater of the system.

    Wie bereits erwähnt, bilden der Verdampfer 46 und der Kondensator 64 die beiden Wärmetauscher des Kältemittelkreislaufes 48, dessen Verdichter 66 außerhalb des Behälters 18 angebracht ist. Figur 6 zeigt schematisch diesen Kältemittelkreislauf 48, der als Wärmepumpe arbeitet und in dem hinter dem Verdichter 66 das komprimierte Kältemittel einen Teil seiner Wärme im Kondensator 64 an die durchströmende Luft abgibt, wodurch diese auf die Temperatur t1 aufgewärmt wird. Anschließend wird das Kältemittel in der Drossel 68 entspannt, so daß es wieder abkühlt und im Verdampfer 46 Wärme von der in Pfeilrichtung B durchströmenden Luft aufnehmen kann, wodurch diese auf die Temperatur t4 abkühlt und kondensiert.As already mentioned, the evaporator 46 and the condenser form 64 the two heat exchangers of the refrigerant circuit 48, the compressor 66 is mounted outside of the container 18. Figure 6 schematically shows this refrigerant circuit 48, the works as a heat pump and in that behind the compressor 66 some refrigerant compresses its heat in the condenser 64 emits to the air flowing through, causing this to the Temperature t1 is warmed up. Then the refrigerant relaxed in the throttle 68 so that it cools down again and in Evaporator 46 heat from that flowing in the direction of arrow B. Can absorb air, which cools it down to the temperature t4 and condenses.

    In Figur 1 ist angedeutet, daß der Behälter 18 in einem Gehäuse 70 untergebracht ist, welches durch eine Isolierung 72 die Abgabe von Strahlungswärme weitgehend verhindert.In Figure 1 it is indicated that the container 18 in a housing 70 is housed, which through an insulation 72 the delivery largely prevented by radiant heat.

    Vor allem Figur 4 zeigt, daß der Behälter 18 zur Steuerung des Prozesses mittels einer in Figur 1 gezeigten Regeleinrichtung 74 Anschlüsse 76 für Holzfeuchte-Meßfühler, ein Thermometer 78, einen Temperaturfühler 80 und einen Druckwächter 82 mit Manometer 84 aufweist. Über einen Luftfeuchtefühler 88 erhält die Regeleinrichtung 74 Steuerbefehle zum Zu- oder Abschalten des Kältekreislaufs 48 in Abhängigkeit von dem jeweiligen Feuchtegrad der Luft. Figur 4 zeigt ferner, daß am Boden des Sammelbehälters 56 für das Kondenswasser ein Auslauf 86 angebracht ist.In particular, Figure 4 shows that the container 18 for controlling the Process by means of a control device 74 shown in Figure 1 Connections 76 for wood moisture sensors, a thermometer 78, a temperature sensor 80 and a pressure switch 82 with Manometer 84 has. Received via an air humidity sensor 88 the control device 74 control commands for switching on or off of the refrigeration cycle 48 depending on the particular Degree of humidity in the air. Figure 4 also shows that at the bottom of the Collection container 56 for the condensed water, an outlet 86 is appropriate.

    Die Figuren 7 und 8 zeigen eine Variante der Vorrichtung, die insbesondere darin besteht, daß der Verdichter 66 des Kältemittelkreislaufes 48 nicht außerhalb des Behälters 18 angeordnet ist, sondern im Bereich 24 des Behälters 18. Damit wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß die Abwärme des Verdichters 66 innerhalb des Vakuumbereiches genutzt wird, so daß der Verdichter 66 die Aufheizeinrichtung des Systems, bestehend aus dem Kondensator 64 und der Heizung 38, unterstützt.Figures 7 and 8 show a variant of the device that in particular consists in that the compressor 66 of the Refrigerant circuit 48 not outside of the container 18 is arranged, but in the area 24 of the container 18. So the advantage is achieved that the waste heat of the compressor 66th is used within the vacuum range, so that the Compressor 66 consists of the heating device of the system the capacitor 64 and the heater 38.

    Durch die Integration des Verdichters 66 mit zugehörigem Motor in den Behälter 18 wird die Bauweise der Vorrichtung wesentlich vereinfacht. By integrating the compressor 66 with the associated motor in the container 18, the construction of the device is essential simplified.

    Figur 8 zeigt ferner, daß bei dieser Variante zwei Gebläse 34 vorgesehen sind, so daß je Zeiteinheit ein größeres Luftvolumen umgewälzt werden kann, was den Wirkungsgrad der Vorrichtung verbessert.FIG. 8 also shows that in this variant two blowers 34 are provided so that a larger volume of air per unit time can be circulated, reducing the efficiency of the device improved.

    In Figur 9 ist eine weitere Variante der Vorrichtung dargestellt, bei der der Sammelbehälter 56 für das kondensierte Wasser entfällt. Statt dessen ist in die unter dem Verdampfer 46 angeordnete Auffangwanne 52 für das Kondensat 50 eine Tauchpumpe 90 eingesetzt, welche über eine Ablaufleitung 92 nach außen führt. Die Tauchpumpe 90 kann in Intervallen zugeschaltet werden, um das Wasser über die Ablaufleitung 92 abzuführen. Bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung saugt die Vakuumpumpe 58 über die Leitung 54 die Luft unmittelbar aus dem Bereich 24 des Behälters 18 heraus. Durch das Fehlen eines außerhalb des Behälters 18 angeordneten Sammelbehälters 56 ist diese Lösung besonders frostsicher, weil sich die Auffangwanne 52 im warmen Bereich befindet.FIG. 9 shows a further variant of the device shown, in which the collecting container 56 for the condensed There is no water. Instead, it is in the underneath the evaporator 46 arranged collecting tray 52 for the condensate 50 a submersible pump 90 used, which via a drain line 92 to the outside leads. The submersible pump 90 can be switched on at intervals to drain the water through the drain line 92. at In this embodiment of the invention, the vacuum pump 58 sucks Via line 54, the air directly from the area 24 of the Container 18 out. Due to the lack of an outside of the Container 18 arranged collecting container 56 is this solution particularly frost-proof because the drip pan 52 is warm Area.

    Mit der Erfindung wird eine Reihe wesentlicher Vorteile erzielt. So ist es besonders wesentlich, daß im Vakuumbereich eine Wärmerückgewinnung stattfindet, weil der Kältemittelkreislauf 48, der als Wärmepumpe wirkt, die beim Kondensieren im Verdampfer 46 gewonnene Wärme wieder in den Behälter 18 zurückführt, in dem während des Betriebes durch die Vakuumpumpe 58 ständig ein Unterdruck aufrechterhalten wird. Lediglich in der Aufheizphase wird ohne Vakuum gearbeitet, worauf bereits hingewiesen wurde. Während der anschließenden Trocknungsphase, in der der Kältemittelkreislauf 48 zugeschaltet ist, herrscht hingegen ständig Vakuum innerhalb des Behälters 18. Durch die Umwälzung der Luft durch den Raum 16 hindurch wird eine optimale Belüftung des zu trocknenden Holzes 10 sichergestellt.A number of essential advantages are achieved with the invention. So it is particularly important that a vacuum Heat recovery takes place because of the refrigerant cycle 48, which acts as a heat pump when condensing in Evaporator 46 recovered heat back into container 18 returns, during the operation by the vacuum pump 58 negative pressure is maintained at all times. Only in the heating phase is carried out without vacuum, which is already the case was pointed out. During the subsequent drying phase, in which the refrigerant circuit 48 is activated however, constant vacuum within the container 18. By the Circulation of the air through the space 16 becomes an optimal one Ventilation of the wood to be dried 10 ensured.

    Claims (16)

    1. An apparatus for drying wet or moist material, in particular wood, by means of a circulating drying agent, in particular air, comprising:
      (a) a container (18) adapted to be closed, which has a space (16) for receiving the material (10) to be dried;
      (b) a drying agent loop (32);
      (c) a heating mans (38, 64) arranged upstream of the material receiving space (16) in terms of flow;
      (d) a refrigerating machine (26) having a compressor (66), a condensation heat exchanger (64), an evaporation heat exchanger (46) and a closed coolant loop (48) connecting the compressor (66) and the two heat exchangers (46, 64),
      (e) said evaporation heat exchanger (46) being arranged downstream of the material receiving space (16) in terms of flow and being provided for condensing out humidity from the drying agent,
      (f) and said condensation heat exchanger (64) being provided as part of the heating means (38, 64);
      (g) and comprising a blower (34) for circulating the drying agent,
      characterized in
      (h) that a vacuum pump (58) is connected to said container (18).
    2. An apparatus according to claim 1,
      characterized in that the compressor (66) is arranged internally of the container (18).
    3. An apparatus according to claim 1,
      characterized in that the compressor (66) is arranged externally of the container (18).
    4. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that the heat exchangers (46, 64) of the refrigerating machine (26) are arranged at the face end of the container (18) in a region (24) which, together with a pressure channel (32a) and a suction channel (32b), constitutes a wind channel (32) enclosing the material (10) to be dried.
    5. An apparatus according to claim 4,
      characterized in that the compressor (66) is accommodated in said region (24).
    6. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that the evaporation heat exchanger (46) is arranged above a receiving pan (52) for water condensed from said drying agent.
    7. An apparatus according to claim 6,
      characterized in that the receiving pan (52) is connected to a collecting container (56).
    8. An apparatus according to claim 7,
      characterized in that the collecting container (56) is arranged outside of the container (18) for receiving the material (10) to be dried.
    9. An apparatus according to claim 6,
      characterized in that the receiving pan (42) has a submersed pump (90) arranged therein for drawing off the condensed water, said submersed pump being connected to a discharge line (92).
    10. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that a heating means (38) is arranged downstream of the condensation heat exchanger (64) in the direction of flow of the drying agent.
    11. An apparatus according to claim 10,
      characterized in that a spray tube (40) for humidifying the material (10) to be dried is arranged downstream of said heating means (38) in the container (18) in the direction of flow.
    12. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that a closed material receiving space (16) is provided whose vertical confining walls (28) have through openings (30) for the drying agent and constitute said circulation channel (32) together with the opposite walls of the container (18).
    13. An apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 12,
      characterized in that the refrigerating machine (26) is designed such that a temperature of the drying agent of approx. 65°C subsequent to the condensation heat exchanger (64) can be achieved.
    14. An apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 13,
      characterized in that a regulating means (74) of the coolant loop (48) is provided, which has a drying agent humidity sensor (88) connected thereto for supplying control commands for activating and deactivating said coolant loop (48) in accordance with the particular degree of humidity of the drying agent.
    15. An apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 14 for drying wood,
      characterized in that the material receiving space (16) is of such a size that a stack of wood (10) may be introduced thereinto.
    16. An apparatus according to claim 15,
      characterized in that the stack of wood (10) is adapted to be moved into the material receiving space (16) when a cover (20) on a face side of the container (18) is open.
    EP98110125A 1997-06-28 1998-06-03 Drying apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0887606B2 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE29711315U 1997-06-28
    DE29711315U DE29711315U1 (en) 1997-06-28 1997-06-28 Drying device

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    EP0887606A1 EP0887606A1 (en) 1998-12-30
    EP0887606B1 true EP0887606B1 (en) 2002-03-06
    EP0887606B2 EP0887606B2 (en) 2008-01-30

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    DE (2) DE29711315U1 (en)

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    EP1748268A3 (en) * 2005-07-29 2011-11-02 Josef Walderdorff Process for drying goods.
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    CN102019361B (en) * 2009-09-15 2012-12-05 蔡欲期 Ceramic shell rapid drying method and ceramic shell
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    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    CN110455068A (en) * 2019-08-28 2019-11-15 浙江大学 A kind of solar heat pump removal moisture drying system
    CN110455068B (en) * 2019-08-28 2020-07-24 浙江大学 Solar heat pump dehumidification drying system

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    DE29711315U1 (en) 1997-08-28
    EP0887606A1 (en) 1998-12-30
    ATE214149T1 (en) 2002-03-15
    DE59803248D1 (en) 2002-04-11
    EP0887606B2 (en) 2008-01-30

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