EP0887440B1 - Bain aqueux d'électrodéposition à base de chlorures pour la préparation d'un revêtement à base de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc - Google Patents
Bain aqueux d'électrodéposition à base de chlorures pour la préparation d'un revêtement à base de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0887440B1 EP0887440B1 EP98401533A EP98401533A EP0887440B1 EP 0887440 B1 EP0887440 B1 EP 0887440B1 EP 98401533 A EP98401533 A EP 98401533A EP 98401533 A EP98401533 A EP 98401533A EP 0887440 B1 EP0887440 B1 EP 0887440B1
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- Prior art keywords
- bath
- coating
- zinc
- polymer
- concentration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/565—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of zinc
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electro-zinc bath based on chlorides, a process of electrodeposition in this bath of a coating of corrosion protection based on zinc or zinc alloy on a metallic surface, in particular on a steel sheet, as well as a substrate, especially in steel, protected against corrosion by a coating made of from this process.
- the invention seeks to simultaneously solve two problems: decrease the roughness of the coated sheets while improving their resistance to corrosion.
- the first problem therefore relates to roughness: indeed, after a electrolytic coating of zinc or zinc alloy on a substrate metallic, especially on a steel sheet, we see that the roughness of the coating may be different from the initial roughness of the substrate.
- the roughness of a surface can be evaluated in the following conventional manner: several profilometric (or "profile") readings of the surface are made, each profile being filtered during recording, by means of an electronic high-pass filter. reducing the amplitude of the undulations exceeding a predetermined filtering threshold for example to 75% of its value in the profile after filtering (the filtering threshold is for example 0.8 mm); the vertical spread of this profile is then represented, that is to say the distribution of the depth recorded with respect to a given reference line (Ox); according to French standardization (AFNOR EO5.015 / 017/052), this reference line (Ox) is the straight line run parallel to the general direction of the profile and passing through its upper points; on the ordinate axis (Oz), drawn perpendicularly to Ox, the depths of the profile are plotted; the deviation of the roughness profile from the reference line Ox can be considered as a random variable and the set of deviations or depths then forms a statistical distribution from which the position of the mean line of the profile is calculated
- the roughness measurements R a generally reveal that the roughness of the coating is greater than that of the initial substrate, in particular when electrolysis baths based on chlorides are used and in particular when the coating is carried out under current densities " high ”.
- high current density means a current density greater than 0.25 x J lim .
- J lim is the limit current density, which corresponds to the level of current density on the "intensity-potential" curve characteristic of an electrogalvanizing bath for a given relative speed of the bath with respect to the surface to be electrogalvanized.
- J lim also corresponds to the current density for which the local concentration of zinc ions in the bath becomes zero in the immediate vicinity of the sheet to be coated.
- J lim also corresponds to the current density from which electrochemical phenomena other than the reduction of zinc ions take place on the surface to be electrogalvanized, in particular the evolution of hydrogen.
- J lim therefore also corresponds to the current density from which the electrochemical (or faradic) yield of zinc deposition drops appreciably.
- a current density greater than 50 A / dm2 is considered as "high" for a conventional electrogalvanizing bath based on chlorides containing more than 1 mole / liter of Zn2 + ions used under conditions classic hydrodynamics.
- the concentration of CI- ions can exceed 5 moles / liter.
- the increase in roughness obtained after electrodeposition may for example be of the order of 0.5 ⁇ m for an initial roughness of the substrate R a of the order of 1.3 .mu.m.
- a “leveled” or “glossy” electrodeposited coating has generally a fine grain structure; but, conversely, a coating electrodeposited whose structure is “refined” is not “brilliant” nor “leveled”.
- a “leveling agent” or a “brightening agent” is therefore generally also a “refining agent”.
- a “brightening agent” is not necessarily “leveling” nor necessarily “Wetting”.
- a “leveling agent” is not necessarily “brightener” nor necessarily “Wetting”.
- document US 4 229 268 describes electrogalvanizing baths, based on chlorides, usable on a wide range of current density values.
- baths contain leveling and brightening agents, corresponding to the general formula RS- (R'-O) n H or S [(R'O) n H] 2 .
- brightening agents chosen for example from acetophenones, can also enhance the leveling effect.
- the properties of the coating obtained can be further improved by adding polyoxyalkylated naphthols to the bath.
- the document FR 2 597 118 describes electroplating baths of zinc alloy coatings (Zn-Ni), based on chlorides or sulphates, usable under current densities up to 215 A / dm2.
- These brighteners therefore have a structural refining effect on the coating; they are used in baths at fairly low concentrations generally between 0.02 and 5 g / l; no leveling effect is described.
- Electrodeposition baths generally sulphate-based, for coating zinc alloys (Zn-Cr) which also contain polyoxyalkylenated compounds; these additives are here "incorporation agents" intended to promote homogeneous incorporation chromium (between 5 and 40%) in the coating and to improve the appearance "Color” of the coating, so as to avoid gray-black or gray-white colors.
- document EP 0 342 585 also describes baths zinc alloy coating (Zn-Cr) plating, based on sulfates, which contain polymers on the grounds of which are grafted "quaternary amines" functions with the primary aim of promoting the incorporation of chromium (between 5 and 30%) in the coating.
- Zn-Cr zinc alloy coating
- cationic polymers are dissolved in the bath at weight concentrations of between 0.005 and 5%.
- the content of cationic polymer in the coating obtained can thus reach 5%.
- baths contain polyglycol wetting agents at concentrations between 3 and 5 g / l.
- electroplating baths in particular electrogalvanizing, can use as "wetting agents” or “surfactants” polymers polyethylene glycol unsubstituted or substituted at one end.
- the polyethylene glycol used here as wetting agents or brighteners have a high number of ethylene oxide per molecule, at less than 10, generally greater than 20.
- These polymers can also be used in baths Zn-Cr alloy plating to facilitate the incorporation of chromium in the deposit.
- the molar concentration of zinc or zinc alloy ions is such that: 1 ⁇ (
- the function of polyethylene glycol is to improve the wettability of the surface to be coated; the choice of molecular weight is determinant: below 400, there are burning problems on the edges - beyond 800, the incorporation of nickel drops significantly in the Zn-Ni deposit.
- the invention therefore aims to provide a leveling agent for bath electrogalvanizing does not have these drawbacks.
- the second problem that the invention seeks to solve therefore concerns improving the corrosion resistance of steel sheets: it is classic to apply to them for this purpose, a metallic coating electrodeposited with protection, in particular a coating based on zinc or zinc alloy.
- the efficiency of protection is generally proportional to the thickness of the coating.
- the polymeric compound preferably has a molecular weight high, greater than 1000, to avoid formatting problems; the weight molecular must nevertheless remain below 1,000,000 to allow a sufficient solubilization of the compound in the electrogalvanizing bath.
- This “composite” coating offers good formability and especially when painting (adhesion and effectiveness of the protection of the layer of paint) but does not have any specific protection effectiveness remarkable.
- aqueous baths are used electrogalvanizing with a pH below 4.
- this organic compound in solution in the bath of electrodeposition is that it allows to control the localization of the current due to the roughness of the substrate surface and can thus contribute to the preparation of coatings with a smooth and uniform surface, or even with a surface uniformly shiny.
- This organic compound should not however be too high in the bath, to avoid excessively increasing the viscosity; the increase in viscosity would prevent creating the conditions hydrodynamics allowing the use of high current densities.
- the carbon content in the coating that is obtained varies for example as follows: 0.2 g / l, 7 g / l and 10 g / l in the bath give respectively 0.01%, 0.6% and 0.7-0.8% carbon in the coating.
- the bath should contain strong concentrations of soluble salts (KCl, ZnCl2, ...) and that, in such baths, the acrylic or metacrylic polymer compounds are no longer sufficient soluble so that they can be incorporated into the coating in progress electrodeposition.
- Comparative Example 1 below clearly shows that the addition, in the electroplating bath, of a polyethylene glycol mass polymer molecular weight on the order of 600 has no significant effect on the specific effectiveness of the protection provided by the coating (here, zinc pure), even in the absence of "compound having an electronic doublet free ”.
- the object of the invention is to provide a leveling agent for baths. electrogalvanizing based on chlorides, making it possible to obtain, with a good faradic efficiency and under high current densities, coatings with specific protection against significantly improved corrosion.
- the bath does not contain "compound having a free electronic doublet "as soon as the measured concentration is less than 0.001 g / l.
- the invention also relates to a steel sheet coated with a layer corrosion protection based on zinc or prepared zinc alloy by the method according to the invention, characterized in that said layer contains more than 0.1%, preferably more than 0.65%, by weight (expressed as carbon) of an organic compound.
- the carbon content is greater than or equal to 0.5% in weight.
- Carbon content can be measured by discharge spectroscopy luminescent so as to obtain a “C” curve of evolution of the content carbon in the thickness of said layer, as illustrated in FIG. 4 which relates to Example 6; we call “carbon content in the thickness of the layer outside the steel-layer interface area “carbon content measured on this curve "C” without taking into account the interface peak "Ci" described in Example 6.
- the plating installation is known per se and will not be described here in detail; it includes a succession of electrolysis cells.
- Each electrolysis cell includes a tank, a conductive roller tape support and soluble anodes of zinc or zinc alloy facing said roller.
- a electroplating bath containing zinc ions in solution For the purpose of coating the steel strip, a electroplating bath containing zinc ions in solution.
- the electroplating bath is a conventional bath based on chlorides, known in itself, allowing high-yield plating under high current densities, especially above 50 A / dm2, say for example with a pH greater than 4 and an ion concentration Zn2 + greater than 1 mole / liter.
- the bath does not contain organic compounds sulfur like those described as leveling agents and brighteners in document US 4,229,268.
- the temperature of the electrolysis bath is maintained between 55 ° C and 65 ° C.
- the molar concentration of polyethylene glycol dissolved in the bath must be suitable for obtaining, under the conditions of use of the bath, a coating based on zinc or zinc alloy incorporating an organic compound into a content greater than 0.1% (expressed as carbon); the examples illustrate the adaptation of this concentration in the bath.
- the molar concentration of polyethylene glycol dissolved in the bath is between 10 -4 and 10 -1 mole / liter.
- the value m concerning the substitution groups of the polyethylene glycol must be low enough for the polymer to be soluble in sufficient concentrations.
- J lim. is the previously defined current limit density which depends on the nature of the electrogalvanizing bath but also on the circulation speed of the bath in the vicinity of the strip.
- the value of J lim. is generally close to 140-150 A / dm2.
- the electric current density must be greater than 35 A / dm2; in practice it is generally between 50 A / dm 2 and 140 A / dm 2 .
- Electrodeposition conditions for example the running speed of the steel strip in the installation, to obtain a sufficient coating thickness for effective tape protection against corrosion; this thickness is generally between 3 and 15 micrometers.
- a steel strip is thus obtained coated with a protective layer to zinc base containing an organic compound of the same nature or derived from polyethylene glycol contained in the bath according to the invention.
- the electrodeposition bath according to the invention makes it possible to obtain coatings of very good quality, that is to say in particular both little rough and highly resistant to corrosion.
- the coating according to the invention has a roughness less than that that a coating produced under the same conditions would have on the same substrate, but with a conventional electroplating bath not containing not of this polymer product.
- the leveling effect provided by the polymer product under conditions of high current density is accompanied by a refining effect providing particularly homogeneous coating texture.
- the coating according to the invention provides resistance to the steel strip corrosion significantly improved compared to that which a coating of the same thickness in pure zinc or pure zinc alloy according to art anterior, prepared under the same conditions from a bath conventional plating not containing this polymer product.
- this reduction in thickness is accompanied by a reduced risk of cracking of the coating (in the event of deformation of prison).
- the coatings according to the invention had interesting tribological properties and offered, if painted, very strong adhesion to the paint layer.
- these coatings offer less grazing than identical coatings prepared using baths conventional electrogalvanizing.
- This advantage in terms of tribological properties allows in particular to facilitate shaping operations, in particular stamping, galvanized sheets.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the high level of protection against corrosion and the low degree of roughness obtained by using baths electrodepostion according to the invention containing non-polyethylene glycols substituted.
- the pH of the bath is 5 and its temperature maintained at approximately 63 ° C.
- This current density is maintained until the coating reaches a thickness of approximately 10 ⁇ m.
- the electrogalvanizing bath makes it possible to limit the roughness setting when the “PEG 300” concentration remains less than or equal to 10 -2 molar and that the coating obtained is more resistant to corrosion than the reference coating.
- the coating obtained according to the invention is in the form of grains very homogeneous in size, about 0.2 ⁇ m, and contains an organic compound of the same nature or derived from the polymer product introduced according to the invention in the electrogalvanizing bath.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the importance of the number n of “ethoxy” radicals of the polyethylene glycol which is used in the electrodeposition bath (according to the formula HO- (CH2-CH2-O) n -H) .
- Example 1 We proceed as in Example 1 except that we use a polyethylene glycol called "PEG 600", whose average molecular weight is close to 600 and for which n is worth approximately 14, i.e. a value greater than the limit provided by the invention.
- PEG 600 polyethylene glycol
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the high level of protection against corrosion and the low degree of roughness obtained by using baths of electrodepostion according to the invention containing polyethylene glycols substituted at both ends of the chain.
- the electrogalvanizing bath makes it possible to limit the roughness, at least for concentrations of “PEGbiCOOH 250” of between 1 and 5 10 -2 molar, and that the coating obtained resists better corrosion than the reference coating.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the high level of protection against corrosion and the low degree of roughness obtained by using baths of electrodepostion according to the invention containing polyethylene glycols substituted at both ends of the chain, but with a degree of polymerization higher than that of Example 2.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the level of incorporation of compound organic in the protective coatings according to the invention.
- the coating obtained is detached from its aluminum substrate, which allows the total carbon contained in the coating to be measured; thanks to pre-deposit, the polymer possibly contained in this is isolated from the substrate coating.
- the carbon contained in the coating is then metered using a conventional carbon metering device including an induction furnace (commercial reference LECO HF-100) coupled to an infrared analyzer.
- a conventional carbon metering device including an induction furnace (commercial reference LECO HF-100) coupled to an infrared analyzer.
- the coating obtained according to the invention therefore contains carbon - therefore an organic compound - in significant quantity, proportional to the concentration of polyethylene glycol polymer added to the bath electrogalvanizing according to the invention.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the importance of the conditions of use of the electrogalvanizing bath according to the invention on the properties of the coating, in terms of resistance to corrosion and increase in roughness ( ⁇ R a ).
- Example 2 Baths identical to those of Example 2 are prepared, containing, according to the invention, PEGbiCOOH 250 at different concentrations.
- the samples are thus coated with a zinc-based layer.
- the current density range 50 to 140 A / dm2 therefore corresponds well to an area where the roughness of the coating basically depends on the roughness of the substrate ("spike effect"), not the grain size.
- the resistance to cosmetic corrosion is evaluated, in addition to the resistance to perforating corrosion (T ps ) and the roughness setting ( ⁇ R a ) as previously.
- this painting includes, in a conventional manner, a phosphating treatment, applying a first coat of paint by cataphoresis, then a second layer called primer, finally a third coat of lacquer.
- a scratch is made on the coated and painted sheet metal, using a standardized device suitable for forming a scratch about 0.5 mm wide up to the level of the sheet metal.
- blister width the average width of degradation of the scratch
- This blistering width makes it possible to evaluate the corrosion resistance cosmetic: the narrower the width, the better the resistance to corrosion.
- Example 2 indicated that the roughness setting decreased at a concentration of 10 -2 molar, and above all decreased even more sharply (without however reaching 0.1 ⁇ m) at a higher concentration (5 10 -2 molar).
- the reference bath contains 5.3 moles / liter of potassium chloride (Kcl), 1.6 mole / liter of zinc chloride (ZnCI2) and 0.7 to 1 ml / liter of additive referenced USSP of the US Steel Company.
- This USSP additive contains mainly polyethylene glycol average molecular weight close to 600, sodium benzoate and boric acid.
- the electrogalvanizing baths used according to the invention are prepared by addition of polymer polyethylene glycol in this reference bath.
- the amount of polyethylene glycol provided by the USSP additive in these baths is very much lower than that which is added to baths according to the invention.
- the glow discharge spectroscopy then gives the evolution, in the depth of the sample from its coated surface, zinc content (signal "Zn”, decreasing at coating-substrate interface), iron content (“Fe” signal, increasing at level of the coating-substrate interface) and of the carbon content (signal "VS").
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the influence of the current density electrogalvanizing and polyethylene glycol concentration in baths according to the invention on the level and place of incorporation of compound organic in the zinc coatings obtained.
- Example 6 Samples are prepared under the same conditions as in Example 6 (electrogalvanizing baths additive with "PEGbiCOOH 600", thickness 10 ⁇ m) at different current densities (20 to 140 A / dm2) and assesses, as in Example 6, the level of carbon incorporated in the coatings obtained.
- Table XII shows that the current density and the concentration of polyethylene glycol polymer in the bath affect the amount of organic compound incorporated into the coating.
- the coating incorporates little organic compound.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the impact of the polymer additive introduced into the electroplating baths according to the invention and the incorporation of this polymer into the electrodeposited coating from this bath, on the tribological properties of the coating.
- Tribological tests are carried out in a suitable conventional tribometer to measure the "plane-plane" type coefficient of friction of a sample against a "standard” surface by gradually increasing the pressure of clamping of this sample against this surface.
- Example 7 All the samples are coated as in Example 7 under a current density of 80 A / dm2.
- the samples are all oiled with the same using an oil referenced 4107S from the company FUCHS which is not not considered as an oil specially adapted for stamping.
- This advantage is particularly valuable for shaping, in particular by stamping, electro-galvanized sheets.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the exceptional characteristics adhesion to paints offered by zinc-based coatings or zinc alloys produced according to the invention, in particular in the case of paints applied by electrophoresis.
- the coating conditions are identical in the two modes: in particular uses the same cataphoresis bath referenced PPG 742 (Company PPG).
- the purpose of this example is to show that the introduction of certain additives in electroplating baths, in addition to polyethylene glycol according to the invention has the effect of annihilating or appreciably limiting the effects of the invention, in particular at the level of the incorporation of organic compound in coating and improving the specific protection efficiency of this coating.
- S rate The sulfur incorporation rate (“S rate”) in the coating was also evaluated by glow discharge spectroscopy, using the same measurement method as for carbon (“C rate”), in arbitrary units (“ ua ”). Impact of other additives on the coating and its properties. Bath Protection T. ps (H / ⁇ m) Rate of C (in ua) Rate of S (in ua) Coating morphology # 1 10.5 ⁇ 0,5 0.2 homogeneous and refined # 2 13.5 2.0 0.2 homogeneous and very refined (glitter) # 3 11.4 ⁇ 0,5 3.0 heterogeneous: refined areas and unrefined areas.
- bath No. 3 incorporates a sulfur compound in place of the organic compound according to the invention.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the use of electroplating baths according to the invention for depositing a zinc alloy, in this case a zinc alloy and nickel.
- All the coatings obtained have the same nickel content (13% at 14% by weight), which shows that the polymer added to the bath in accordance with the invention (in this case, "PEGbiCOOH 600") has no influence on the content of alloying element (in this case, nickel) in the coating.
- the coatings obtained have very good adhesion to the substrate (for the adhesion test, fold the coated sheet 180 °, apply a tape Scotch® adhesive on the folded edge then tear off the tape, and check that the coating driven by tearing).
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Description
- n # 20 à 24, de masse moléculaire moyenne comprise entre 950 et 1050 g ;
- n # 68 à 85, de masse moléculaire moyenne comprise entre 3000 et 3700 g.
- soit R1 = CH3-(CH2)x-CH3 et R2 = H - avec x compris entre 9 et 15,
- soit R1 = H-(CH2)x-Ar- et R2 = -CH2-CH2-OH - avec x compris entre 6 et 15, Ar désignant un noyau benzénique.
- du polyéthylène glycol en tant qu'agent tensio-actif non-ionique (donc agent mouillant), possédant un poids moléculaire plus faible que précédemment, ici compris entre 400 et 800 g/Mole, en une quantité comprise entre 0,01 et 1 g/l ;
- au moins un composé possédant un doublet électronique libre choisi dans le groupe comprenant l'acide nicotinique, l'urée, la thio-urée, la nicotinamide, l'acide thioglycolique, le thiosulfate de sodium, en une quantité comprise entre 0,001 et 1 g/l.
- l'apparition, sur la surface revêtue, de taches de forme aciculaire résultant d'hétérogénéités d'écoulement du bain sur la surface de la tôle,
- le brûlage sur les bords de la tôle revêtue.
- sels de zinc (10 à 30 g/l),
- sels conducteurs : NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NH4BF4, KCl, H3BO3 (20 à 350 g/l),
- agents de lissage : polyethylèneoxydiacide de formule générale HOOC-CH2-(CH2CH2O-)n-CH2COOH et/ou polyéthylèneoxydiamine, avec n compris entre 1 et 1000, (0,01 à 30 g/l) , et des additifs optionnels tels que
- agents de freinage de polymérisation : acide benzoïque, acide phtalique, acide salycilique (0,1 à 20 g/l)
- agents de brillance : cétone ou aldéhyde aromatique (0,01 à 3 g/l) Naphtalènesulfonate de sodium ou urée phényléthylique (0,1 à 20 g/l)
- dont le pH est supérieur à 4,
- dont la concentration molaire en ions de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc est supérieure à 1 mole/litre,
- ne contenant pas de « composé possédant un doublet électronique libre » choisi dans le groupe comprenant le thiosulfate de sodium, l'acide nicotinique, l'urée, la thio-urée, la nicotinamide et l'acide thioglycolique,
- contenant en solution au moins un polymère polyéthylène-glycol répondant à la formule générale R1-O-(CH2-CH2-O)n-R2,
- en premier lieu, n ≤ 13,
- en deuxième lieu, la concentration dudit polymère dans le bain est adaptée pour incorporer dans ledit revêtement un composé organique à une teneur pondérale supérieure à 0,1%, exprimée en poids de carbone par rapport au poids dudit revêtement,
- en troisième lieu :
- soit R1 et/ou R2 sont des atomes d'hydrogène et ledit polymère présente une masse moléculaire moyenne M inférieure à 500 g/mole,
- soit R1 et R2 sont des groupements substituants d'extrémité de chaíne, différents ou identiques, choisis parmi :
- - des groupements non substitués, alkyls (-CmH2m+1) ,alkènes (-CmH2m-1), ou alkynes (-CmH2m-3).
- - des groupements substitués en position terminale alkyl (CmH2m-R3), alkènes (CmH2m-2-R3), ou alkynes (CmH2m-4-R3),
où R4, R5 est choisi parmi H, un groupement alkyl (-CmH2m+1), alkène (-CmH2m-1), ou alkyne (-CmH2m-3),
la valeur de m étant suffisamment faible pour que ledit polymère soit soluble à ladite concentration dans le bain.
- la masse moléculaire moyenne M dudit polymère est supérieure à 150 g/mole.
- la concentration dudit polymère dans le bain est comprise entre 10-4 et 10-1 mole/litre.
- R1 et R2 sont des atomes d'hydrogène.
- R1 = R2 = -CH2-COOH.
- on fait défiler ladite bande dans un bain d'électrodéposition selon l'invention,
- et on fait passer un courant électrique d'électrodéposition entre ladite bande servant de cathode et au moins une anode disposée dans ledit bain face à ladite bande,
- - aux figures 1 à 3 qui concernent l'exemple 8 et représentent en ordonnée le coefficient de frottement plan-plan d'échantillons de tôle électrozinguées (figures 2 et 3 : selon l'invention) sur une échelle croissante de 0 à 0,27 par incréments de 0,03 et en abscisse la pression de serrage au niveau du frottement sur une échelle croissante de 0 à 800 105 Pa par incréments de 100.105 Pa.
- à la figure 4 qui concerne l'exemple 6 et représente un spectre « SDL » (Spectroscopie de Décharge Luminescente) d'un échantillon d'acier revêtu de zinc selon l'invention, les courbes Zn, C, Fe représentant respectivement la teneur (ordonnée) en Zn, C, Fe dans la profondeur du revêtement (abscisse).
- aux figures 5 à 15 qui concernent l'exemple 7 et représentent des spectres « SDL » d'échantillons d'acier revêtus de zinc, chaque spectre comprenant trois courbes comme à la figure 4.
- soit R1 et/ou R2 sont des atomes d'hydrogène et ledit polymère présente une masse moléculaire moyenne M inférieure à 500 g/mole,
- soit R1 et R2 sont des groupements substituants d'extrémité de chaíne, différents ou identiques, choisis parmi :
- des groupements non substitués, alkyls (-CmH2m+1) ,alkènes (-CmH2m-1), ou alkynes (-CmH2m-3).
- des groupements substitués en position terminale alkyl (CmH2m-R3), alkènes (CmH2m-2-R3), ou alkynes (CmH2m-4-R3),
où R4, R5 est choisi parmi H, un groupement alkyl (-CmH2m+1), alkène (-CmH2m-1), ou alkyne (-CmH2m-3).
- Zn 2+ (sous forme ZnCl2) : 1,6 moles/litre
- KCI : 5,3 moles/litre
- Polyéthylène-Glycol dit "PEG 300" : concentration c variable.
- l'efficacité spécifique de protection contre la corrosion que le revêtement apporte à la tôle ; cette efficacité est évaluée ici par le terme Tps tel que défini précédemment; on considère que la précision de mesure de Tps est de l'ordre de ± 0,5 Heure/µm.
- la prise de rugosité ΔRa telle que définie précédemment ; on considère que la précision de mesure de ΔRa est de l'ordre de ± 0,01 µm.
bains contenant du PEG 300 | |||
Bain d'électrolyse | Concentration c (Mole/litre) | Temps protection Tps (Heure/µm) | Prise de rugosité ΔRa (µm) |
Référence (USSP) | - | 10 | 0,13 |
PEG 300 | 10-3 | 14 | 0,06 |
PEG 300 | 10-2 | 14 | 0,10 |
PEG 300 | 3.10-2 | 15 | |
PEG 300 | 5.10-2 | 15 |
bains contenant du PEGbiCOOH 250 | |||
Bain d'électrolyse | Concentration c (Mole/litre) | Temps protection Tps (Heure/µm) | Prise de rugosité ΔRa (µm) |
Référence (USSP) | - | 10 | 0,13 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 10-2 | 13 | 0,08 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 5.10-2 | 15 | 0,06 |
bains contenant du PEGbiCOOH 600 | |||
Bain d'électrolyse | Concentration c (Mole/litre) | Temps protection Tps (Heure/µm) | Prise de rugosité ΔRa (µm) |
Référence (USSP) | - | 10 | 0,13 |
PEGbiCOOH 600 | 0,5.10-3 | 12,5 | - 0,15 |
PEGbiCOOH 600 | 10-3 | 12,5 | - 0,05 |
bains PEGbiCOOH 600 - taux de carbone dans le revêtement. | ||
Bain d'électrolyse | Concentration c (Mole/litre) | Taux pondéral de C dans le revêtement en %. |
Référence (USSP) | - | - |
PEGbiCOOH 600 | 0,5.10-3 | de 0,1 à 0,4 % |
PEGbiCOOH 600 | 10-3 | de 0,5 à 1 % |
- 24 heures sous brouillard salin en enceinte climatique (selon la norme NF 41 002), puis rinçage à l'eau bi-permutée et essuyage,
- 4 jours en chambre climatique décomposés comme suit :
- de 9 H à 17 H : 40°C et 95 à 100% d'humidité relative,
- de 17 H à 9 H : 20°C et 70 à 75 % d'humidité relative,
- 2 jours en chambre de séchage : 20°C et 60 à 65% d'humidité.
bains contenant du PEGbiCOOH 250 - J = 50 A/dm2 | ||||
Bain d'électrolyse | Concentration (Mole/litre) | Protection Tps (H/µm) | Cloquage largeur (mm) | Prise rugosité ΔRa (µm) |
Référence (USSP) | - | 10,2 | 1,5 | 0,10 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 10-2 | 12,4 | 1,5 | 0,00 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 5.10-2 | 14,5 | 1 | 0,10 |
bains contenant du PEGbiCOOH 250 - J = 80 A/dm2 | ||||
Bain d'électrolyse | Concentration (Mole/litre) | Protection Tps (H/µm) | Cloquage largeur (mm) | Prise rugosité ΔRa (µm) |
Référence (USSP) | - | 10,5 | 1,5 | 0,18 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 10-2 | 12,4 | 1,75 | 0,08 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 5.10-2 | 14,0 | 1,25 | 0,18 |
bains contenant du PEGbiCOOH 250 - J = 110 A/dm2 | ||||
Bain d'électrolyse | Concentration (Mole/litre) | Protection Tps (H/µm) | Cloquage largeur (mm) | Prise rugosité ΔRa (µm) |
Référence (USSP) | - | 10,6 | 1,5 | 0,27 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 10-2 | 12,0 | 1,75 | 0,15 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 5.10-2 | 13,0 | 1,0 | 0,27 |
bains contenant du PEGbiCOOH 250 - J = 140 A/dm2 | ||||
Bain d'électrolyse | Concentration (Mole/litre) | Protection Tps (H/µm) | Cloquage largeur (mm) | Prise rugosité ΔRa (µm) |
Référence (USSP) | - | 10,7 | 1,5 | 0,28 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 10-2 | 12,4 | 1,75 | 0,20 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 5.10-2 | 13,0 | 0,75 | 0,28 |
- dans les conditions d'utilisation du bain de cet exemple, l'efficacité spécifique de protection contre la corrosion perforante des revêtements (Tps) dépend peu des densités de courant sous lesquelles ils ont été réalisés (à condition de rester dans le domaine J > 0,25 x Jlim.), mais essentiellement de la concentration en polymère dans le bain d'électrozingage, qui est liée à la concentration en composé organique incorporé dans le revêtement lui-même (selon les exemples 4 et 6).
- la résistance à la corrosion cosmétique (inversement proportionnelle à la largeur de cloquage) est identique ou se dégrade par rapport à celle de la référence pour une concentration de 10-2 molaire de « PEGbiCOOH 250 » dans le bain, mais s'améliore significativement pour une concentration supérieure (5 10-2 molaire) ; le résultat de ce test étant également significatif de l'aptitude à la mise en peinture des échantillons revêtus par cataphorèse (cf. tests d'adhérence : exemple 9), il reste difficile d'en tirer des conclusions spécifiques sur la résistance à la corrosion.
- température du bain : environ 63°C.
- vitesse d'écoulement de l'électrolyte contre la tôle à revêtir : 100 m/min.
- densité de courant : 80 A/dm2.
- épaisseur des dépôts : 8 à 10 µm.
Bains PEGbiCOOH - revêtements 10 µm | ||||
Bain d'électrolyse | Concentr. c (Mole/litre) | Taux de C (en %) | T. protection Tps (H/µm) | P. rugosité ΔRa (µm) |
Référence (USSP) | - | 0,05% | 11 | 0,28 |
PEGbiCOOH 600 | 0,5 10-3 | 0,5 % | 11 | 0,10 |
PEGbiCOOH 600 | 1,5 10-3 | 0,65 % | 11,5 | 0,04 |
PEGbiCOOH 600 | 2,0 10-3 | 0,8 % | 13 | 0,02 |
PEGbiCOOH 600 | 3,0 10-3 | 1 % | 13,5 | 0,08 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 5.10-2 | 0,3 % | 14 | 0,16 |
Bains PEGbiCOOH - revêtements 8 µm | ||||
Bain d'électrolyse | Concentr. c (Mole/litre) | Taux de C (en %) | T. protection Tps (H/µm) | P. rugosité ΔRa (µm) |
Référence (USSP) | - | - | 9 | 0,23 |
PEGbiCOOH 600 | 0,5 10-3 | - | 11,8 | 0,12 |
PEGbiCOOH 600 | 2,0 10-3 | - | - | 0,08 |
PEGbiCOOH 600 | 3,0 10-3 | - | 13,0 | 0,11 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 5.10-2 | - | 13,8 | 0,13 |
- que les résultats concernant le « PEGbiCOOH 250 » diffèrent de ceux de l'exemple 5 ; cette différence pourrait être attribuée à l'additif commercial USSP présent dans les bains de l'exemple 6 mais absent dans les bains de l'exemple 5.
- que les résultats concernant le « PEGbiCOOH 600 » comparés à ceux de l'exemple 3, montrent que - comme pour le « PEGbiCOOH 250 » : cf. conclusions de l'exemple 5 - il existe un « optimum » de concentration de polymère dans le bain (« effet seuil ») et que la valeur de cet optimum dépend ici non seulement de ses conditions d'utilisation mais aussi des autres constituants du bain (additif USSP par exemple).
- aux figures 5, 6, 7 pour le bain de référence à, respectivement, 20, 80 et 140 A/dm2.
- aux figures 8 à 12 pour des bains contenant 1 10-3 mole/litre de « PEGbiCOOH 600 » à, respectivement, 20, 50, 80, 110 et 140 A/dm2.
- aux figures 13 à 15 pour des bains contenant 2 10-3 mole/litre de « PEGbiCOOH 600 » à, respectivement, 20, 50 et 80 A/dm2.
- la teneur en carbone dans l'épaisseur de la couche, en dehors de la zone d'interface acier-zinc (zone du pic « Ci »), croit avec la densité de courant puis reste à peu près constante au delà d'une densité de courant située 80 et 110 A/dm2 (« effet de seuil ») ;
- la teneur en carbone à l'interface acier-zinc (hauteur du pic « Ci ») croít régulièrement avec la densité de courant, sans effet de seuil.
propriétés tribologiques du revêtement. | |||||
Bain d'électrozingage | cf. | Coefficient de frottement | |||
Additif | Conc. c M/l | Figure | mini | moyen | maxi |
Référence | - | 1 | 0,05 | 0,14 | 0,23 |
PEGbiCOOH 600 | 2 10-3 | 2 | 0,06 | 0,13 | 0,18 |
PEGbiCOOH 250 | 5 10-2 | 3 | 0,09 | 0,14 | 0,20 |
- des échantillons dits de référence (USSP seulement comme additif dans le bain d'électrozingage),
- des échantillons selon l'invention dans un bain additivé de 1 10-3 mole/litre de « PEGbiCOOH 600 ».
- mode 1 : phosphatation (épaisseur 3 µm) puis enduction ;
- mode 2 : enduction directe, sans phosphatation préalable.
- on plonge les échantillons peints dans l'eau bipermutée à 50°C pendant 10 jours ;
- puis, après séchage, à l'aide d'un outil coupant de type « cutter » (en langue anglaise), on effectue sur la couche de peinture des rayures suffisamment profondes pour atteindre le métal sous la peinture ; on réalise en fait un quadrillage de rayures sur une surface de 1 cm2 d'échantillon, les lignes de rayures étant équidistantes de 1 mm environ les unes des autres.
- on déforme ensuite l'échantillon au niveau de la surface quadrillée de la manière suivante : comme pour un test dit « Erichsen », on appuie un poinçon hémisphérique (diamètre : 20 mm) à tête polie sur la face opposée à la surface quadrillée et on l'enfonce sur 8 mm de profondeur, l'échantillon étant bloqué dans une matrice annulaire (serre-flan).
- on applique un ruban plastique auto-adhésif par pression (de type « Scotch ») sur le quadrillage à l'endroit de la déformation ;
- on arrache ensuite le ruban et on mesure, à l'endroit du quadrillage, la proportion de la surface qui n'est plus couverte par la couche de peinture.
tests d'adhérence de peinture. | ||
Bain d'électrodéposition | Modalité d'application de la peinture : | % de surface découverte après test d'adhérence. |
Référence (USSP) | mode 1 | 90 à 100% |
id. | mode 2 | 100% |
PEGbiCOOH à 1.10-3 M/l | mode 1 | 0% |
id. | mode 2 | 40% |
- bain n°1 : bain de référence identique à celui de l'exemple 6,
- bain n°2 conforme à l'invention, préparé à partir du bain n°1 auquel on a ajouté 2.10-3 Mole/litre de « PEGbiCOOH 600 »,
- bain n°3, conforme au document US 5 575 899 déjà cité, préparé à partir du bain n°2 auquel on a ajouté 1 g/l de thiosulfate de sodium à titre de « composé possédant un doublet électronique libre ».
Incidence d'autres additifs sur le revêtement et ses propriétés. | ||||
Bain | T.protection Tps (H/µm) | Taux de C (en u.a.) | Taux de S (en u.a.) | Morphologie du revêtement |
n°1 | 10,5 | ≤0,5 | 0,2 | homogène et affiné |
n°2 | 13,5 | 2,0 | 0,2 | homogène et très affiné (paillettes) |
n°3 | 11,4 | ≤0,5 | 3,0 | hétérogène : zones affinées et zones non affinées. |
- chlorure de zinc (ZnCl2) : 2,8 Moles/litre - chlorure de nickel : 0,35 M/I.
- chlorure de potassium (Kcl) : 4,36 M/I.
- n°2 : 0,5 g/l de « PEGbiCOOH 600 »,
- n°3 : 1,0 g/l de « PEGbiCOOH 600 ».
- densité de courant : 2 modalités : 50 et 70 A/dm2,
- vitesse d'écoulement de l'électrolyte par rapport à la tôle : 2 modalités : 100 m/min. et 150 m/min.
Claims (6)
- Bain aqueux d'électrodéposition à base de chlorures pour la préparation d'un revêtement à base de zinc,dont le pH est supérieur à 4,dont la concentration molaire en ions de zinc est supérieure à 1 mole/litre,ne contenant pas de « composé possédant un doublet électronique libre » choisi dans le groupe comprenant le thiosulfate de sodium, l'acide nicotinique, l'urée, la thio-urée, la nicotinamide et l'acide thioglycolique en considérant que le bain ne contient pas de «composé possédant un doublet électronique libre», dès lors que la concentration mesurée est inférieure à 0,001 g/l,contenant en solution au moins un polymère polyéthylène-glycol répondant à la formule générale R1-O-(CH2-CH2-O)n-R2,- 1 ) en premier lieu, n ≤ 13,- 2) en deuxième lieu, la concentration dudit polymère dans le bain est comprise entre 10-4 et 10-1 mole/litre, et- 3) en troisième lieu :
soit R1 et R2 sont des groupements substituants d'extrémité de chaíne, différents ou identiques, choisis dans le groupe comprenant :des groupements non substitués, alkyls (-CmH2m+1) ,alkènes (-CmH2m-1), ou alkynes (-CmH2m-3).des groupements substitués en position terminale alkyl (CmH2m-R3), alkènes (CmH2m-2-R3), ou alkynes (CmH2m-4-R3),
où R4, R5 sont choisis dans le groupe comprenant H, un groupement alkyl (-CmH2m+1), alkène (-CmH2m-1), ou alkyne (-CmH2m-3), la valeur de m étant suffisamment faible pour que ledit polymère soit soluble à ladite concentration dans le bain. - Bain d'électrozingage selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la masse moléculaire moyenne M dudit polymère est supérieure à 150 g/mole.
- Procédé d'électrodéposition d'un revêtement à base de zinc sur une bande de tôle d'acier dans lequel :on fait défiler ladite bande dans un bain d'électrodéposition selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2,la vitesse relative du bain au voisinage de la bande est supérieure à 30 m/min., eton fait passer un courant électrique d'électrodéposition entre ladite bande servant de cathode et au moins une anode disposée dans ledit bain face à ladite bande,
- Tôle d'acier revêtue d'une couche de protection contre la corrosion à base de zinc préparée par le procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que ladite couche contient plus de 0,1 % en poids (exprimé en carbone) d'un composé organique du type polyéthylène-glycol tel que défini dans la revendication 1.
- Tôle d'acier selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche contient plus de 0,65% en poids (exprimé en carbone) d'un composé organique.
- Tôle d'acier selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que, dans l'épaisseur de ladite couche et en dehors de la zone d'interface acier-couche, la teneur en carbone est supérieure ou égale à 0,5 % en poids.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9707985 | 1997-06-26 | ||
FR9707985A FR2765247B1 (fr) | 1997-06-26 | 1997-06-26 | Bain aqueux d'electrodeposition a base de chlorures pour la preparation d'un revetement a base de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0887440A1 EP0887440A1 (fr) | 1998-12-30 |
EP0887440B1 true EP0887440B1 (fr) | 2004-01-28 |
Family
ID=9508457
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP98401533A Expired - Lifetime EP0887440B1 (fr) | 1997-06-26 | 1998-06-23 | Bain aqueux d'électrodéposition à base de chlorures pour la préparation d'un revêtement à base de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6153079A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0887440B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE258611T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2242019A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69821288T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2213883T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2765247B1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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RU2749321C1 (ru) * | 2018-06-11 | 2021-06-08 | Атотех Дойчланд Гмбх | Кислотная гальваническая ванна электроосаждения цинка или цинк-никелевого сплава для нанесения слоя цинка или цинк-никелевого сплава |
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US20050133376A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-23 | Opaskar Vincent C. | Alkaline zinc-nickel alloy plating compositions, processes and articles therefrom |
DE112005002867B4 (de) * | 2004-11-24 | 2015-02-05 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Salzschmelzbad, Abscheidung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Metallabscheidung |
UA117592C2 (uk) * | 2013-08-01 | 2018-08-27 | Арселорміттал | Пофарбований оцинкований сталевий лист та спосіб його виготовлення |
US20160298252A1 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2016-10-13 | United Technologies Corporation | High purity aluminum coating with zinc sacrificial underlayer for aluminum alloy fan blade protection |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0472204A2 (fr) * | 1990-08-22 | 1992-02-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Matériaux traités superficiellement ayant une excellente adhésion à la peinture, une résistance à la corrosion après peinture, une aptitude à la déformation mécanique ainsi que leur procédé de fabrication |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3909373A (en) * | 1972-06-16 | 1975-09-30 | Oxy Metal Industries Corp | Non-cyanide zinc plating |
US4512856A (en) * | 1979-11-19 | 1985-04-23 | Enthone, Incorporated | Zinc plating solutions and method utilizing ethoxylated/propoxylated polyhydric alcohols |
US4384930A (en) * | 1981-08-21 | 1983-05-24 | Mcgean-Rohco, Inc. | Electroplating baths, additives therefor and methods for the electrodeposition of metals |
JPS58136793A (ja) * | 1982-02-10 | 1983-08-13 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | 酸性亜鉛めつき液 |
FR2682691B1 (fr) * | 1991-10-16 | 1994-01-14 | Sollac | Procede perfectionne de galvanoplastie d'une bande metallique. |
KR100276701B1 (ko) * | 1994-08-31 | 2001-01-15 | 에모토 간지 | 전기아연-니켈 합금 도금액 및 그 합금 도금액을 이용한 강판의 제조방법 |
US5525207A (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1996-06-11 | Mac Dermid, Incorporated | Polyalkylene glycol bis-phenyl-a-sulfopropyl diether compound and their salts, and process for their use |
FR2732365B1 (fr) * | 1995-03-29 | 1997-04-30 | Lorraine Laminage | Procede continu d'electrozingage de bande metallique dans un bain d'electrolyse a base de chlorures pour obtenir des revetements de faible rugosite sous des densites de courant elevees |
-
1997
- 1997-06-26 FR FR9707985A patent/FR2765247B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-06-23 DE DE69821288T patent/DE69821288T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-06-23 EP EP98401533A patent/EP0887440B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-23 ES ES98401533T patent/ES2213883T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-23 AT AT98401533T patent/ATE258611T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-06-25 CA CA002242019A patent/CA2242019A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1998-06-26 US US09/105,203 patent/US6153079A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0472204A2 (fr) * | 1990-08-22 | 1992-02-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Matériaux traités superficiellement ayant une excellente adhésion à la peinture, une résistance à la corrosion après peinture, une aptitude à la déformation mécanique ainsi que leur procédé de fabrication |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2749321C1 (ru) * | 2018-06-11 | 2021-06-08 | Атотех Дойчланд Гмбх | Кислотная гальваническая ванна электроосаждения цинка или цинк-никелевого сплава для нанесения слоя цинка или цинк-никелевого сплава |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2765247A1 (fr) | 1998-12-31 |
EP0887440A1 (fr) | 1998-12-30 |
DE69821288T2 (de) | 2004-11-25 |
ES2213883T3 (es) | 2004-09-01 |
DE69821288D1 (de) | 2004-03-11 |
CA2242019A1 (fr) | 1998-12-26 |
ATE258611T1 (de) | 2004-02-15 |
US6153079A (en) | 2000-11-28 |
FR2765247B1 (fr) | 1999-07-30 |
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