EP0887125A2 - Inlet for the chain of a drawing machine - Google Patents

Inlet for the chain of a drawing machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0887125A2
EP0887125A2 EP98250204A EP98250204A EP0887125A2 EP 0887125 A2 EP0887125 A2 EP 0887125A2 EP 98250204 A EP98250204 A EP 98250204A EP 98250204 A EP98250204 A EP 98250204A EP 0887125 A2 EP0887125 A2 EP 0887125A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chain
curve
workpiece
drive
continuous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98250204A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0887125A3 (en
Inventor
Hermann-Josef Dr.-Ing. Klingen
Ralf Dipl.-Ing. Bonsels
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMS Siemag AG
Original Assignee
Mannesmann AG
SMS Demag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mannesmann AG, SMS Demag AG filed Critical Mannesmann AG
Publication of EP0887125A2 publication Critical patent/EP0887125A2/en
Publication of EP0887125A3 publication Critical patent/EP0887125A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes
    • B21C1/27—Carriages; Drives
    • B21C1/30—Drives, e.g. carriage-traversing mechanisms; Driving elements, e.g. drawing chains; Controlling the drive

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a continuous pulling device for pulling straight Tubes or rods with two opposite, driven by Sprockets endlessly revolving in a common vertical plane Drive chain pairs on which the workpiece grips the outer circumference Drawing tools are arranged that continuously through one of the workpiece Pull the pulling device upstream of the pulling ring.
  • Continuous drawing devices also chain drawing machines or Crawler pullers are mentioned, for example, from the European patent 0 433 767 B1 known. These machines are suitable for pipes or rods in one continued drawing process - without alternating with the slide drawing machines gripping pulling tools inevitable intermittent movements to pull the pulling tool. The grab and transport them to the circumferential drive chain pairs arranged on the pipe or Rod diameter matched semicircular drawing tools the workpiece on opposite circumferential sides.
  • a design disadvantage of these machines is that the over Sprockets endless rotating chain pairs on the one hand Sprocket drives are subject to the known polygon effect.
  • the polygon effect of the sprockets is the speed of the drive chains during the rotation non-uniform around the sprocket.
  • Another disadvantage is that the high Radial accelerations of the drive chain and thus the drawing tools in the Deflection area of the chain wheels or in the area of impact of the drawing tools on the Workpiece, especially with sensitive materials such as copper or brass Cause damage to the workpiece surface.
  • the non-uniformity of the movement sequence affects the drawing process has a negative impact; because the product quality or that of the product surface becomes adversely affect. So far this could only be remedied by the fact that the pulling speed was reduced accordingly in order to reduce the To minimize radial acceleration of the drive chain and thus the drawing tools.
  • Low pulling speed means a reduction in the output of the System and thus a restriction of economy.
  • the object of the present invention is based on the prior art known chain drawing machines, which are there due to the radial acceleration of the Drive chain elements in the deflection area to the problems described avoid and improve product quality without affecting the performance of the plant Reduce.
  • each drive chain is guided at least on the inlet side on a continuous deflection path, the Curve radius to reduce the radial acceleration of the chain links in the Attachment area of the drawing tools arranged on the drive chain onto the Workpiece is greater than half the distance between the two drive chains.
  • the invention is based on the basic idea that a reduction in Radial acceleration of the drive chains in the deflection area can be achieved if the Deflection radius of the chain is increased. But since the turning radius through the Diameter of the chain wheel around which the chain is deflected is determined proposed to run the chain on a non-circular path that so is designed so that the radius of this path in the critical area, namely where the chain that leads the drawing tools to the workpiece surface is enlarged. As a result, the chain is placed more gently on the material, which is particularly important for copper and / or brass pipes means a clear protection of the surface. The invention nevertheless ensures that compared to a constant radius more clearly the reduction of radial acceleration the drive chain in one intended target path remains.
  • the The course of the curve can be described by a cycloid function.
  • the cycloid function has the property of a particularly smooth transition and a smooth one Radii increase and is also easy to manufacture.
  • Another way to display the curve is to use it to describe a multi-part basket arch, i.e. there will be different merging radii used, with the apex of the deflection the smallest radius and at the transition of the chain into the straight course several larger radii that merge into one another are used.
  • the invention is characterized in that it accomplishes the task with simple Means triggers.
  • the effect of the disadvantageously high radial acceleration of the known chains deflected around sprockets can be significantly reduced; this significantly improves the quality of the product surface because, due to the increased radius of the chain in the mounting area gently on the pulling tools Surface of the workpiece.
  • the reduction achieved thereby the radial acceleration also enables faster chain rotation, so that by the invention, the drawing speed of the system and thus its Productivity can be increased.
  • the inlet area is one Chain pulling machine according to the invention shown.
  • the inlet direction of the Drawn goods are indicated at 1.
  • the two opposite drive chains are at 2 (upper drive chain) and 3 (lower drive chain) are indicated.
  • the individual chain links roll on rollers 4 on the guideways 5 in the area where the Dreams of the drive chains 2 and 3 run parallel to each other, at the same time the Support the clamping forces of the drawing tools.
  • the drawing tools are at 6 hinted at; one half of the drawing tool encloses approximately half of the drawing goods.
  • the drawing tools are articulated on the drive chains 2 and 3 and are included this led endlessly.
  • the drive chains 2 and 3 are in the Deflection area guided on curved tracks 7, which - deviating from the circular shape - in Attachment area 8 of the drawing units 6 run in a larger radius, which is continuous merges into the guideway 5.
  • the curve follows, like represented a cycloid function.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The drawing tools are fastened to the drive chains, and each drive chain (2,3) is guided at least on the approach side on a constant deflection track (7). To reduce radial acceleration of the chain links in the contact area (8) of the drawing tools (6) on the workpieces, the curve radius of the track is larger than half the distance between the drive chains. The track curve is described by a cycloid function or by a multi- sectional three-centre curve.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine kontinuierliche Ziehvorrichtung zum Geradeausziehen von Rohren oder Stangen mit zwei sich gegenüberliegenden, um angetriebene Kettenräder in einer gemeinsamen senkrechten Ebene endlos umlaufenden Treibkettenpaaren, an denen die das Werkstück am äußeren Umfang greifenden Ziehwerkzeuge angeordnet sind, die das Werkstück kontinuierlich durch einen der Ziehvorrichtung vorgeordneten Ziehring ziehen.The invention relates to a continuous pulling device for pulling straight Tubes or rods with two opposite, driven by Sprockets endlessly revolving in a common vertical plane Drive chain pairs on which the workpiece grips the outer circumference Drawing tools are arranged that continuously through one of the workpiece Pull the pulling device upstream of the pulling ring.

Kontinuierliche Ziehvorrichtungen, auch Kettenziehmaschinen oder Raupenziehmaschinen genannt, sind beispielsweise aus dem europäischen Patent 0 433 767 B1 bekannt. Diese Maschinen sind geeignet, Rohre oder Stangen in einem fortgesetzten Ziehprozeß -ohne die bei Schlittenziehmaschinen mit abwechselnd greifenden Ziehwerkzeugen unvermeidlichen intermittierenden Bewegungsvorgängedurch das Ziehwerkzeug zu ziehen. Dabei greifen und transportieren die an den umlaufenden Treibkettenpaaren angeordneten, auf den Rohr- bzw. Stangendurchmesser abgestimmten halbkreisförmigen Ziehwerkzeuge das Werkstück an gegenüberliegenden Umfangsseiten.Continuous drawing devices, also chain drawing machines or Crawler pullers are mentioned, for example, from the European patent 0 433 767 B1 known. These machines are suitable for pipes or rods in one continued drawing process - without alternating with the slide drawing machines gripping pulling tools inevitable intermittent movements to pull the pulling tool. The grab and transport them to the circumferential drive chain pairs arranged on the pipe or Rod diameter matched semicircular drawing tools the workpiece on opposite circumferential sides.

Ein konstruktionsbedingter Nachteil dieser Maschinen besteht dann, daß die über Kettenräder endlos umlaufenden Treibkettenpaare einerseits dem bei Kettenradtrieben bekannten Polygoneffekt unterliegen. Verursacht durch den Polygoneffekt der Kettenräder ist die Geschwindigkeit der Treibketten beim Umlauf um das Kettenrad ungleichförmig. Ein anderer Nachteil besteht darin, daß die hohen Radialbeschleunigungen der Treibkette und damit der Ziehwerkzeuge im Umlenkbereich der Kettenräder bzw. im Auftreffbereich der Ziehwerkzeuge auf dem Werkstück, insbesondere bei empfindlichen Werkstoffen wie Kupfer oder Messing, zu Beschädigungen der Werkstückoberfläche führen. Zusammengefaßt ist festzuhalten, daß die Ungleichförmigkeit des Bewegungsablaufes sich auf den Ziehvorgang negativ auswirkt; denn die Produktqualität bzw. die der Produktoberfläche wird negativ beeinträchtigen. Dem konnte bisher nur dadurch abgeholfen werden, daß man die Ziehgeschwindigkeit entsprechend herabsetzte, um damit die Radialbeschleunigung der Treibkette und damit der Ziehwerkzeuge zu minimieren. Niedrige Ziehgeschwindigkeit bedeutet aber eine Verminderung der Ausbringung der Anlage und damit eine Einschränkung der Wirtschaftlichkeit.A design disadvantage of these machines is that the over Sprockets endless rotating chain pairs on the one hand Sprocket drives are subject to the known polygon effect. Caused by the The polygon effect of the sprockets is the speed of the drive chains during the rotation non-uniform around the sprocket. Another disadvantage is that the high Radial accelerations of the drive chain and thus the drawing tools in the Deflection area of the chain wheels or in the area of impact of the drawing tools on the Workpiece, especially with sensitive materials such as copper or brass Cause damage to the workpiece surface. In summary it should be noted that the non-uniformity of the movement sequence affects the drawing process has a negative impact; because the product quality or that of the product surface becomes adversely affect. So far this could only be remedied by the fact that the pulling speed was reduced accordingly in order to reduce the To minimize radial acceleration of the drive chain and thus the drawing tools. Low pulling speed means a reduction in the output of the System and thus a restriction of economy.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ausgehend von dem Stand der Technik bekannter Kettenziehmaschinen, die dort infolge der Radialbeschleunigung der Treibkettenelemente im Umlenkbereich auftretenden geschilderten Probleme zu vermeiden und die Produktqualität zu verbessern, ohne die Leistung der Anlage zu vermindern.The object of the present invention is based on the prior art known chain drawing machines, which are there due to the radial acceleration of the Drive chain elements in the deflection area to the problems described avoid and improve product quality without affecting the performance of the plant Reduce.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß jede Treibkette mindestens einlaufseitig auf einer stetigen Umlenkbahn geführt ist, deren Kurvenradius zur Reduzierung der Radialbeschleunigung der Kettenglieder im Aufsetzbereich der an der Treibkette angeordneten Ziehwerkzeuge auf das Werkstück größer als der halbe Abstand zwischen den beiden Treibketten ist.To solve the problem, the invention provides that each drive chain is guided at least on the inlet side on a continuous deflection path, the Curve radius to reduce the radial acceleration of the chain links in the Attachment area of the drawing tools arranged on the drive chain onto the Workpiece is greater than half the distance between the two drive chains.

Der Erfindung liegt der Grundgedanke zugrunde, daß eine Reduktion der Radialbeschleunigung der Treibketten im Umlenkbereich erreichbar ist, wenn der Umlenkradius der Kette vergrößert wird. Da aber der Umlenkradius durch den Durchmesser des Kettenrades, um den die Kette umgelenkt wird, bestimmt ist, wird vorgeschlagen, die Kette auf einer nicht kreisförmigen Bahn zu führen, die so gestaltet ist, daß der Radius dieser Bahn in dem kritischen Bereich, nämlich dort, wo die Kette die Ziehwerkzeuge an die Werkstückoberfläche führt, vergrößert ist. Dadurch setzt die Kette sanfter auf das Material auf, was insbesondere bei Kupfer- und/oder Messingrohren eine deutliche Schonung der Oberfläche bedeutet. Die Erfindung stellt trotzdem sicher, daß bei im Vergleich zu einem konstanten Radius deutlicher der Reduzierung der Radialbeschleunigung die Treibkette in einer vorgesehenen Sollbahn bleibt.The invention is based on the basic idea that a reduction in Radial acceleration of the drive chains in the deflection area can be achieved if the Deflection radius of the chain is increased. But since the turning radius through the Diameter of the chain wheel around which the chain is deflected is determined proposed to run the chain on a non-circular path that so is designed so that the radius of this path in the critical area, namely where the chain that leads the drawing tools to the workpiece surface is enlarged. As a result, the chain is placed more gently on the material, which is particularly important for copper and / or brass pipes means a clear protection of the surface. The The invention nevertheless ensures that compared to a constant radius more clearly the reduction of radial acceleration the drive chain in one intended target path remains.

Nach einem besonderen Merkmal der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Kurvenverlauf durch eine Zykloidenfunktion beschreibbar ist. Die Zykloidenfunktion hat die Eigenschaft eines besonders sanften Überganges und einen gleichmäßigen Anstieg der Radien und ist darüber hinaus einfach zu fertigen. According to a special feature of the invention it is provided that the The course of the curve can be described by a cycloid function. The cycloid function has the property of a particularly smooth transition and a smooth one Radii increase and is also easy to manufacture.

Eine andere Möglichkeit, den Kurvenverlauf darzustellen, besteht darin, ihn durch einen mehrteiligen Korbbogen zu beschreiben, d.h. es werden unterschiedliche, ineinander übergehende Radien verwendet, wobei im Scheitelpunkt der Umlenkung der kleinste Radius und beim Übergang der Kette in den gestreckten Verlauf ein oder mehrere ineinander übergehende größere Radien zur Anwendung kommen.Another way to display the curve is to use it to describe a multi-part basket arch, i.e. there will be different merging radii used, with the apex of the deflection the smallest radius and at the transition of the chain into the straight course several larger radii that merge into one another are used.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß sie die gestellte Aufgabe mit einfachen Mitteln löst. Die Auswirkung der nachteilig hohen Radialbeschleunigung der bekannten, um Kettenräder umgelenkten Ketten läßt sich deutlich reduzieren; dadurch wird die Qualität der Produktoberfläche erheblich verbessert, weil infolge des vergrößerten Radius der Kette im Aufsetzbereich die Ziehwerkzeuge sanft auf die Oberfläche des Werkstückes aufgesetzt werden. Die dadurch erreichte Reduzierung der Radialbeschleunigung ermöglicht aber auch einen schnelleren Umlauf der Ketten, so daß durch die Erfindung auch die Ziehgeschwindigkeit der Anlage und damit deren Produktivität erhöht werden kann.The invention is characterized in that it accomplishes the task with simple Means triggers. The effect of the disadvantageously high radial acceleration of the known chains deflected around sprockets can be significantly reduced; this significantly improves the quality of the product surface because, due to the increased radius of the chain in the mounting area gently on the pulling tools Surface of the workpiece. The reduction achieved thereby the radial acceleration also enables faster chain rotation, so that by the invention, the drawing speed of the system and thus its Productivity can be increased.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird nachfolgend beschrieben:An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and will described below:

In der einzigen Zeichnungsfigur ist -grob schematisch- der Einlaufbereich einer erfindungsgemäßen Kettenziehmaschine dargestellt. Die Einlaufrichtung des Ziehgutes ist bei 1 bezeichnet. Die beiden gegenüberliegenden Treibketten sind bei 2 (obere Treibkette) und 3 (untere Treibkette) angedeutet. Die einzelnen Kettenglieder rollen auf Laufrollen 4 auf den Führungsbahnen 5 ab, die in dem Bereich, in dem die Trume der Treibketten 2 und 3 parallel zueinander laufen, gleichzeitig die Klemmkräfte der Ziehwerkzeuge abstützen. Die Ziehwerkzeuge sind bei 6 angedeutet; je eine Ziehwerkzeughälfte umschließt etwa den halben Ziehgutumfang. Die Ziehwerkzeuge sind an den Treibketten 2 bzw. 3 angelenkt und werden mit diesen endlos geführt.In the only drawing figure, roughly schematically, the inlet area is one Chain pulling machine according to the invention shown. The inlet direction of the Drawn goods are indicated at 1. The two opposite drive chains are at 2 (upper drive chain) and 3 (lower drive chain) are indicated. The individual chain links roll on rollers 4 on the guideways 5 in the area where the Dreams of the drive chains 2 and 3 run parallel to each other, at the same time the Support the clamping forces of the drawing tools. The drawing tools are at 6 hinted at; one half of the drawing tool encloses approximately half of the drawing goods. The drawing tools are articulated on the drive chains 2 and 3 and are included this led endlessly.

Wie in der Zeichnungsfigur erkennbar ist, sind die Treibketten 2 und 3 im Umlenkbereich auf Kurvenbahnen 7 geführt, die -von der Kreisform abweichend- im Aufsetzbereich 8 der Ziehaggregate 6 in einem größeren Radius verlaufen, der stetig in die Führungsbahn 5 übergeht. Vorzugsweise folgt der Kurvenverlauf, wie dargestellt einer Zykloidenfunktion. Beim Umlauf in Pfeilrichtung 9 rollen die Treibketten 2 und 3 mit ihren Tragrollen 4 auf den Umlenkbahnen 7 sowie den Führungsbahnen 5 ab, so daß sie über den gesamten Umfang geführt werden.As can be seen in the drawing figure, the drive chains 2 and 3 are in the Deflection area guided on curved tracks 7, which - deviating from the circular shape - in Attachment area 8 of the drawing units 6 run in a larger radius, which is continuous merges into the guideway 5. Preferably the curve follows, like represented a cycloid function. When rotating in the direction of arrow 9 roll Drive chains 2 and 3 with their support rollers 4 on the deflection tracks 7 and Guideways 5 from so that they are guided over the entire circumference.

Bisher auftretende Radialbeschleunigungen, die beim Umlenken der Treibketten um Kettenräder auftreten, werden ebenso minimiert, wie der beim Umlenken um Kettenräder auftretende Polygoneffekt. Im Ergebnis sind eine bessere Oberflächenqualität und das Erreichen höherer Ziehgeschwindigkeiten zu erwarten.Radial accelerations that have occurred up to now when turning the drive chains around Sprockets occur are minimized, as is the case when turning around Sprocket polygon effect. The result is a better one Surface quality and the achievement of higher drawing speeds can be expected.

Claims (3)

Kontinuierliche Ziehvorrichtung zum Geradeausziehen von Rohren oder Stangen mit zwei sich gegenüberliegenden, um angetriebene Kettenräder in einer gemeinsamen senkrechten Ebene endlos umlaufenden Treibkettenpaaren, an denen die das Werkstück am äußeren Umfang greifenden Ziehwerkzeuge angeordnet sind, die das Werkstück kontinuierlich durch einen der Ziehvorrichtung vorgeordneten Ziehring ziehen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß jede Treibkette (2,3) mindestens einlaufseitig auf einer stetigen Umlenkbahn (7) geführt ist, deren Kurvenradius zur Reduzierung der Radialbeschleunigung der Kettenglieder im Aufsetzbereich (8) der an der Treibkette (2 oder 3) angeordneten Ziehwerkzeuge (6) auf das Werkstück größer als der halbe Abstand zwischen den beiden Treibketten (2,3) ist.Continuous drawing device for straight pulling of tubes or rods with two opposing pairs of drive chains running endlessly around driven sprockets in a common vertical plane, on which the drawing tools which grip the workpiece on the outer circumference are arranged and which continuously pull the workpiece through a drawing ring arranged upstream of the drawing device,
characterized,
that each drive chain (2,3) is guided at least on the inlet side on a continuous deflection path (7), the radius of the curve of which reduces the radial acceleration of the chain links in the mounting area (8) of the drawing tools (6) arranged on the drive chain (2 or 3) on the workpiece is greater than half the distance between the two drive chains (2, 3). Kontinuierliche Ziehvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Kurvenverlauf der Umlenkbahn (7) durch eine Zykloidenfunktion beschreibbar ist.Continuous drawing device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the curve of the deflection path (7) can be described by a cycloid function. Kontinuierliche Ziehvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Kurvenverlauf der Umlenkbahn (7) durch einen mehrteiligen Korbbogen beschreibbar ist.Continuous drawing device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the curve of the deflection path (7) can be described by a multi-part basket arch.
EP98250204A 1997-06-23 1998-06-11 Inlet for the chain of a drawing machine Withdrawn EP0887125A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19727699A DE19727699A1 (en) 1997-06-23 1997-06-23 Chain infeed on crawler belt drawing machines
DE19727699 1997-06-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0887125A2 true EP0887125A2 (en) 1998-12-30
EP0887125A3 EP0887125A3 (en) 2001-05-09

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EP98250204A Withdrawn EP0887125A3 (en) 1997-06-23 1998-06-11 Inlet for the chain of a drawing machine

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DE (1) DE19727699A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006013038A1 (en) * 2006-03-20 2007-09-27 Focke & Co.(Gmbh & Co. Kg) Device for deflecting a traction device, in particular for a production and / or packaging machine, for producing and / or packaging cigarettes

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2679924A (en) * 1950-04-22 1954-06-01 Western Electric Co Strand-advancing apparatus
US3103306A (en) * 1961-11-29 1963-09-10 Crompton & Knowles Corp Tractor-type stock feed
US3945547A (en) * 1970-04-03 1976-03-23 Wean United Inc. Tractive apparatus
EP0277358A2 (en) * 1982-01-15 1988-08-10 Westech Gear Corporation Draw-off and hold back cable tension machine

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1236458B (en) * 1989-12-19 1993-03-09 Danieli Off Mecc CONTINUOUS SHOOTING PROCEDURE FOR RECTILINEAR DRAWING AND DEVICE ADOPTING SUCH PROCEDURE.
IT1252904B (en) * 1991-12-24 1995-07-05 Danieli Off Mecc DRAWING GROUP FOR TRAFILA

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2679924A (en) * 1950-04-22 1954-06-01 Western Electric Co Strand-advancing apparatus
US3103306A (en) * 1961-11-29 1963-09-10 Crompton & Knowles Corp Tractor-type stock feed
US3945547A (en) * 1970-04-03 1976-03-23 Wean United Inc. Tractive apparatus
EP0277358A2 (en) * 1982-01-15 1988-08-10 Westech Gear Corporation Draw-off and hold back cable tension machine

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DE19727699A1 (en) 1998-12-24
EP0887125A3 (en) 2001-05-09

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