EP0879105B1 - Method for making a wheel for a land motor vehicle - Google Patents

Method for making a wheel for a land motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0879105B1
EP0879105B1 EP97903421A EP97903421A EP0879105B1 EP 0879105 B1 EP0879105 B1 EP 0879105B1 EP 97903421 A EP97903421 A EP 97903421A EP 97903421 A EP97903421 A EP 97903421A EP 0879105 B1 EP0879105 B1 EP 0879105B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel
stress
rim
disc
impact
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EP97903421A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0879105A1 (en
Inventor
Guy Marron
Luc Moinier
Pascal Patou
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Sollac SA
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Sollac SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a wheel for a motor vehicle comprising a wheel wall and a rim substantially cylindrical, the wheel disc being made up of a part substantially flat central unit with a bearing which serves to center and to fix the wheel on the hub of the vehicle axle, a climb substantially conical interior, another inverted conical part defining, with the internal rise, a shapely nose which presents a large radius of curvature, the inverted conical part, rear part of the shapely nose, ending in a fallen edge intended for the connection of the veil with the rim according to the preamble of claim 1 (see for example FR-A-2 561 144).
  • the wheel disc and the rim are generally obtained by stamping and / or flow forming from a homogeneous sheet blank.
  • the operations of forming a wheel disc from a blank single homogeneous sheet have the major drawback of not distributing in particular, the thicknesses as desired. It is not possible to have physical and mechanical characteristics defined in areas for example, the most requested or to have thinning in areas of less mechanical stress. When we mechanically analyze the wheel, it appears that operation, the most stressed area of the wheel disc is the nose of curve and the least stressed area of said veil is the fallen edge. For ensure in certain places a minimum admissible thickness, the sheet is oversized in thickness because it is necessary to take into account localized thinning generated by the blank forming operation sheet metal. As a result, the wheel is overweight due to its design. The critical zone of fatigue of the wheel disc is the concave part of the nose of curve. This area tends to crack when the wheel is subject to fatigue. It is known that a compressive stress is favorable to fatigue resistance.
  • US 4,448,053 discusses a method for generating a compressive stress on a rim of a vehicle wheel.
  • the constraint is generated by a compression of the sheet by means of a wheel.
  • Compression type by work hardening causes superficial plastic deformations which are detrimental to the visual appearance and fatigue resistance. Indeed, work hardening can lead to breaking points.
  • the stresses induced by this method are localized in extreme skin of the rim, which considerably limits their effect in the case in particular tensile-compression stresses encountered on wheels in service.
  • type processing by recommended work hardening must be carried out before painting treatment of the surface of the wheel.
  • a subsequent paint treatment associated with heat treatment of paint baking has the effect of relaxing partially the stresses induced by the wheel and thereby reduce the effectiveness of the method.
  • the stress field resulting from the forming operation in the critical area of the curve nose has a "Z" characteristic.
  • the lower skin of the shapely nose, or the concave part of the curve nose is subjected to compression, the so-called upper skin, or even, the convex part of the shapely nose, is subjected to traction.
  • type fatigue rotary bending is locally assimilated to a bending of the plane bending type alternating at the level of the shapely nose. That is to say that the loading of the wheel subjects the lower skin of the contour nose sometimes to an effort in traction sometimes at a compression force, the behavior being reversed with respect to the upper skin of the shapely nose.
  • the profile of the service constraints of the wheel is the superposition of the two stress profiles from one part of the forming of the wheel disc and on the other hand of the wheel load in service.
  • the object of the invention is to provide lightening of the wheel by locally improving the mechanical characteristics of said wheel, and this, by modifying the internal stress profile resulting from forming in parts of the wheel.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a land vehicle wheel with motor having the different parts of said wheel.
  • Figure 2 is an explanatory sketch of the physical phenomenon generated by the impact of LASER radiation.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of a vehicle wheel according to the invention subject to the impact of LASER radiation.
  • the invention relates to a method of producing a wheel 1 for motor vehicle comprising, as shown in FIG. 1, a wall 2 of wheel and a substantially cylindrical rim 3, wall 2 of wheel being made up of a substantially flat central part 4 having a bearing 5 which is used to center and fix the wheel 1 on a hub of an axle, a substantially conical inner climb 6, a other inverted conical part 7 defining, with the internal rise 6 a curved nose 8 which has a large radius of curvature, the part inverted conical 7, rear part of the curve nose 8, ending in a dropped edge 9, intended for the connection of the web 2 with the rim 3.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a wheel wall in which :
  • the main dimensional parameters of the wheels are: the thickness of the starting blank and the steel grade used. Considering of the choice of steel grade, we choose the thickness of the starting blank by calculation of the stress value at the level of the critical zone by example of the shapely nose.
  • a critical stress zone is generated of the wheel in service an internal stress field opposing the stress field induced by the shaping of the veil and / or the rim and the service load of said wheel.
  • - at least one critical zone of wheel stress is subjected to a inducing impact in the area, compressive stresses by wave of choc.
  • At least one a critical zone of constraint of the wheel at the impact of a water jet In another example of application of the invention, at least one a critical zone of stress of the wheel at the impact of radiation LASER.
  • the method of the invention in no way changes the visual appearance of the critical area.
  • the impact does not produce a gross defect in surface, which avoids any induced erasure.
  • the impact based on the principle of a shock wave, generates induced stresses in depth, which can influence 8 mm in depth under critical area, the process is therefore well suited for the loading of a sheet.
  • the method of the invention can be used on a wheel having already been coated with a paint and subjected to a temperature of cooking.
  • the critical area is exposed to a powerful 10 LASER beam for a very short time.
  • Zone 11 focused is transformed into plasma and the high pressure generated is transmitted to the metal surface 12 via a very strong shock wave.
  • a coating 13 absorbing the radiation of the 10 LASER beam.
  • a transparent layer 14 at LASER radiation can be deposited on the coating 13.
  • the residual stress value generated by the shock can reach 300 MPa at the surface, 100 MPa at 0.5 mm depth and towards 1 mm, the stress level is practically zero.
  • the pressure of the jet is more than 4000 Kg / cm 2 for a flow rate of 6 liters / min.
  • two modes can be viewed from the point of view of impact distribution.
  • the wheel In a first mode, the wheel is fixed.
  • the impact for example LASER radiation can be generated by a localized beam 10 deflected by a conical prism, a fixed annular mirror directing the beam, for example, on the inner part 12 of the curve nose.
  • the impact can be punctual, the beam 10 directed on a mirror 16 turning for scanning for example the inner part of the nose curve 8.
  • the wheel In a second mode, the wheel is in rotation.
  • the impact by example of LASER radiation is generated by a fixed beam continuous or pulsed whose target is a point on a generator of the veil of the wheel, generator belonging for example to the curved nose.
  • Modifying the internal stress profile locally by the method according to the invention and according to the modes described above, allows you to define the choice of a steel sheet thickness at the start oversized. The weight gain is therefore noticeable.
  • impact means as a LASER radiation and a water jet.
  • the LASER impact under a film of water notably improves the compression effect.
  • the level of stress in service in the critical area of a sail wheel thickness requires a sheet blank thickness of 4.4 mm when the method according to the invention is not implemented.
  • a reduction in the thickness of the sheet blank in the order of 1.4 mm can be accepted by placing compression of the critical area of the curve nose of approximately 160 MPa.
  • the weight gain is then 1.5 kg, for a wheel which, according to the invention will weigh approximately 3.5 kg, which generates a gain of 30%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A method for making a wheel for a land motor vehicle, comprising a wheel disc and a substantially cylindrical wheel rim. The wheel disc consists of a substantially planar central portion with a bearing for centring and fixing the wheel on an axle hub, a substantially tapered inner connecting portion, and a further oppositely tapered portion defining a bulge with said inner connecting portion. The bulge has a large radius of curvature and the oppositely tapered portion behind the bulge ends in a flange for joining the disc to the rim. The method comprises selecting, for a given grade of steel, a sheet metal blank with a thickness defined by calculating the stress value in the critical stress areas of the wheel in use; shaping and assembling the wheel disc and rim; and generating an internal stress field in the critical stress areas of the wheel in use, which field counters the stress field induced during the shaping step and by the working load on the wheel, in order to compensate for the induced stress arising from the wheel disc or rim forming step, and so that the working stress does not exceed the maximum allowable stress.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de réalisation d'une roue pour véhicule à moteur comportant un voile de roue et une jante sensiblement cylindrique, le voile de roue étant constitué, d'une partie centrale sensiblement plane comportant une portée qui sert à centrer et à fixer la roue sur le moyeu de l'essieu du véhicule, une montée intérieure sensiblement conique, une autre partie conique inversée définissant, avec la montée intérieure, un nez de galbe qui présente un rayon de courbure important, la partie conique inversée, partie arrière du nez de galbe, se terminant par un bord tombé destiné à la liaison du voile avec la jante selon le préambule de la revendication 1 (voir par exemple FR-A-2 561 144).The present invention relates to a method for producing a wheel for a motor vehicle comprising a wheel wall and a rim substantially cylindrical, the wheel disc being made up of a part substantially flat central unit with a bearing which serves to center and to fix the wheel on the hub of the vehicle axle, a climb substantially conical interior, another inverted conical part defining, with the internal rise, a shapely nose which presents a large radius of curvature, the inverted conical part, rear part of the shapely nose, ending in a fallen edge intended for the connection of the veil with the rim according to the preamble of claim 1 (see for example FR-A-2 561 144).

Le voile de roue et la jante sont généralement obtenus par emboutissage et/ou fluotournage à partir d'un flan de tôle homogène.The wheel disc and the rim are generally obtained by stamping and / or flow forming from a homogeneous sheet blank.

Les différentes opérations de formage donnent en final, un profil du voile de roue généralement constitué de cinq zones circulaires concentriques, qui sont :

  • la partie centrale qui sert à fixer la roue sur le moyeu de l'essieu du véhicule,
  • la montée intérieure conique reliant la partie centrale et le sommet de la roue appelé nez de galbe,
  • le nez de galbe qui présente un rayon de courbure important,
  • la partie arrière du nez de galbe sur laquelle se situe des ajourages d'allégement,
  • le bord tombé de la partie arrière par lequel est généralement réalisée la liaison du voile de roue avec la jante.
The different forming operations ultimately give a profile of the wheel disc generally consisting of five concentric circular zones, which are:
  • the central part which is used to fix the wheel on the hub of the vehicle axle,
  • the conical internal rise connecting the central part and the top of the wheel called the curve nose,
  • the shapely nose which has a large radius of curvature,
  • the rear part of the shapely nose on which there are relief openings,
  • the fallen edge of the rear part by which is generally made the connection of the wheel disc with the rim.

Les opérations de formage d'un voile de roue à partir d'un flan de tôle unique homogène, ont pour inconvénient majeur de ne pas distribuer notamment, les épaisseurs comme on le désirerait. Il n'est pas possible d'avoir des caractéristiques physiques et mécaniques définies dans des zones par exemple, les plus sollicitées ou encore, d'avoir des amincissements dans des zones de moindres contraintes mécaniques. Lorsqu'on analyse mécaniquement la roue, il apparaít qu'en fonctionnement, la zone la plus sollicitée du voile de roue est le nez de galbe et la zone la moins sollicitée dudit voile est le bord tombé. Pour assurer en certains endroits une épaisseur minimale admissible, la tôle est sur-dimensionnée en épaisseur car il faut tenir compte des amincissements localisés généré par l'opération de formage du flan de tôle. De ce fait la roue présente un excès de poids de par sa conception. La zone critique en fatigue du voile de roue est la partie concave du nez de galbe. Cette zone a tendance à se fissurer lorsque la roue est soumise à fatigue. Il est connu qu'une contrainte en compression est favorable à la tenue en fatigue.The operations of forming a wheel disc from a blank single homogeneous sheet, have the major drawback of not distributing in particular, the thicknesses as desired. It is not possible to have physical and mechanical characteristics defined in areas for example, the most requested or to have thinning in areas of less mechanical stress. When we mechanically analyze the wheel, it appears that operation, the most stressed area of the wheel disc is the nose of curve and the least stressed area of said veil is the fallen edge. For ensure in certain places a minimum admissible thickness, the sheet is oversized in thickness because it is necessary to take into account localized thinning generated by the blank forming operation sheet metal. As a result, the wheel is overweight due to its design. The critical zone of fatigue of the wheel disc is the concave part of the nose of curve. This area tends to crack when the wheel is subject to fatigue. It is known that a compressive stress is favorable to fatigue resistance.

Le document US 4 448 053 traite d'une méthode pour générer une contrainte de compression sur une jante d'une roue de véhicule.US 4,448,053 discusses a method for generating a compressive stress on a rim of a vehicle wheel.

Dans cette méthode, la contrainte est générée par une compression de la tôle au moyen d'une molette. La compression de type par écrouissage entraíne des déformations plastiques superficielles qui sont préjudiciables à l'aspect visuel et à la tenue en fatigue. En effet, l'écrouissage peut entraíner des amorces de rupture. De plus, les contraintes induites par cette méthode sont localisées en extrême peau de la jante, ce qui limite de façon conséquente leur effet dans le cas notamment des sollicitations en traction-compression rencontrées sur les roues en service. Dans un autre domaine, le traitement de type par écrouissage préconisé doit être effectué avant traitement en peinture de la surface de la roue. Un traitement de peinture ultérieur associé au traitement thermique de cuisson de la peinture a pour effet de relaxer partiellement les contraintes induites par la molette et réduire de ce fait l'efficacité de la méthode.In this method, the constraint is generated by a compression of the sheet by means of a wheel. Compression type by work hardening causes superficial plastic deformations which are detrimental to the visual appearance and fatigue resistance. Indeed, work hardening can lead to breaking points. Moreover, the stresses induced by this method are localized in extreme skin of the rim, which considerably limits their effect in the case in particular tensile-compression stresses encountered on wheels in service. In another area, type processing by recommended work hardening must be carried out before painting treatment of the surface of the wheel. A subsequent paint treatment associated with heat treatment of paint baking has the effect of relaxing partially the stresses induced by the wheel and thereby reduce the effectiveness of the method.

Le champ de contrainte issu de l'opération de formage dans la zone critique du nez de galbe a une caractéristique en "Z". Au point mort bas de l'opération de formage la peau inférieure du nez de galbe, ou encore, la partie concave du nez de galbe, est soumise à compression, la peau dite supérieure, ou encore, la partie convexe du nez de galbe, est soumise à traction. On remarque que la fatigue de type flexion rotative s'assimile localement à une flexion de type flexion plane alternée au niveau du nez de galbe. C'est à dire que le chargement de la roue soumet la peau inférieure du nez de galbe tantôt à un effort en traction tantôt à un effort en compression, le comportement étant inversé en ce qui concerne la peau supérieure du nez de galbe. En d'autres termes, le profil des contraintes en service de la roue est la superposition des deux profils de contrainte issus d'une part du formage du voile de roue et d'autre part de la charge de la roue en service.The stress field resulting from the forming operation in the critical area of the curve nose has a "Z" characteristic. On point bottom death of the shaping operation the lower skin of the shapely nose, or the concave part of the curve nose is subjected to compression, the so-called upper skin, or even, the convex part of the shapely nose, is subjected to traction. We notice that type fatigue rotary bending is locally assimilated to a bending of the plane bending type alternating at the level of the shapely nose. That is to say that the loading of the wheel subjects the lower skin of the contour nose sometimes to an effort in traction sometimes at a compression force, the behavior being reversed with respect to the upper skin of the shapely nose. In in other words, the profile of the service constraints of the wheel is the superposition of the two stress profiles from one part of the forming of the wheel disc and on the other hand of the wheel load in service.

Le but de l'invention est d'assurer un allégement de la roue en améliorant localement, les caractéristiques mécaniques de ladite roue, et cela, en modifiant le profil de contrainte interne issu du formage dans certaines parties de la roue. The object of the invention is to provide lightening of the wheel by locally improving the mechanical characteristics of said wheel, and this, by modifying the internal stress profile resulting from forming in parts of the wheel.

Selon l'invention, ce but est atteint par un procédé de réalisation d'une roue pour véhicule à moteur selon la revendication 1. D'autres caractéristiques préférées de l'invention sont:

  • on soumet au moins une zone critique de contraintes de la roue à l'impact d'un jet d'eau,
  • on soumet au moins une zone critique de contraintes de la roue à l'impact d'un rayonnement LASER,
  • on soumet la partie concave du nez de galbe du voile de roue à l'impact induisant dans cette partie, des contraintes de compression par impact et onde de choc,
  • on dépose sur la zone un revêtement qui absorbe une partie de l'énergie du rayonnement LASER,
  • on dépose sur le revêtement une couche transparente au rayonnement LASER.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method of producing a wheel for a motor vehicle according to claim 1. Other preferred characteristics of the invention are:
  • at least one critical zone of wheel stresses is subjected to the impact of a water jet,
  • at least one critical zone of wheel stresses is subjected to the impact of LASER radiation,
  • the concave part of the curve of the wheel disc is subjected to the impact inducing in this part, compressive stresses by impact and shock wave,
  • a coating is deposited on the area which absorbs part of the energy of the LASER radiation,
  • a layer transparent to LASER radiation is deposited on the coating.

La description qui suit et les figures annexées, le tout donné à titre d'exemple fera bien comprendre l'invention.The following description and the attached figures, all given to As an example, the invention will be clearly understood.

La figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'une roue de véhicule terrestre à moteur présentant les différentes parties de ladite roue.Figure 1 is a sectional view of a land vehicle wheel with motor having the different parts of said wheel.

La figure 2 est un croquis explicatif du phénomène physique généré par l'impact d'un rayonnement LASER.Figure 2 is an explanatory sketch of the physical phenomenon generated by the impact of LASER radiation.

La figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'une roue de véhicule selon l'invention soumise à l'impact d'un rayonnement LASER.Figure 3 is a sectional view of a vehicle wheel according to the invention subject to the impact of LASER radiation.

L'invention traite d'un procédé de réalisation d'une roue 1 pour véhicule à moteur comportant, comme représenté sur la figure 1, un voile 2 de roue et une jante 3 sensiblement cylindrique, le voile 2 de roue étant constitué, d'une partie centrale 4 sensiblement plane comportant une portée 5 qui sert à centrer et à fixer la roue 1 sur un moyeu d'un essieu, une montée 6 intérieure sensiblement conique, une autre partie conique inversée 7 définissant, avec la montée 6 intérieure un nez de galbe 8 qui présente un rayon de courbure important, la partie conique inversée 7, partie arrière du nez de galbe 8, se terminant par un bord tombé 9, destiné à la liaison du voile 2 avec la jante 3.The invention relates to a method of producing a wheel 1 for motor vehicle comprising, as shown in FIG. 1, a wall 2 of wheel and a substantially cylindrical rim 3, wall 2 of wheel being made up of a substantially flat central part 4 having a bearing 5 which is used to center and fix the wheel 1 on a hub of an axle, a substantially conical inner climb 6, a other inverted conical part 7 defining, with the internal rise 6 a curved nose 8 which has a large radius of curvature, the part inverted conical 7, rear part of the curve nose 8, ending in a dropped edge 9, intended for the connection of the web 2 with the rim 3.

L'invention traite d'un procédé de réalisation d'un voile de roue dans lequel :The invention relates to a method for producing a wheel wall in which :

Le paramètres dimensionnels principaux des roues sont : l'épaisseur du flan de départ et la nuance d'acier utilisée. Compte tenu du choix de la nuance d'acier, on choisit l'épaisseur du flan de départ par calcul de la valeur de contrainte au niveau de la zone critique par exemple du nez de galbe.The main dimensional parameters of the wheels are: the thickness of the starting blank and the steel grade used. Considering of the choice of steel grade, we choose the thickness of the starting blank by calculation of the stress value at the level of the critical zone by example of the shapely nose.

Selon l'invention, on génère dans une zone critique de contrainte de la roue en service un champ de contrainte interne s'opposant au champ de contrainte induit par la mise en forme du voile et/ou de la jante et la charge en service de ladite roue. Selon l'invention, - on soumet au moins une zone critique de contrainte de la roue à un impact induisant dans la zone, des contraintes de compression par onde de choc.According to the invention, a critical stress zone is generated of the wheel in service an internal stress field opposing the stress field induced by the shaping of the veil and / or the rim and the service load of said wheel. According to the invention, - at least one critical zone of wheel stress is subjected to a inducing impact in the area, compressive stresses by wave of choc.

Dans un exemple d'application de l'invention, on soumet au moins une zone critique de contrainte de la roue à l'impact d'un jet d'eau. Dans un autre exemple d'application de l'invention, on soumet au moins une zone critique de contrainte de la roue à l'impact d'un rayonnement LASER.In an example of application of the invention, at least one a critical zone of constraint of the wheel at the impact of a water jet. In another example of application of the invention, at least one a critical zone of stress of the wheel at the impact of radiation LASER.

Le procédé de l'invention ne modifie en rien l'aspect visuel de la zone critique. L'impact ne produit pas de défaut macroscopique de surface, ce qui évite toute amorce de rature induite. L'impact, basé sur le principe d'une onde de choc, génère des contraintes induites en profondeur, pouvant influer sur 8 mm en profondeur sous zone critique, le procédé est donc bien adapté pour la sollicitation d'une tôle.The method of the invention in no way changes the visual appearance of the critical area. The impact does not produce a gross defect in surface, which avoids any induced erasure. The impact, based on the principle of a shock wave, generates induced stresses in depth, which can influence 8 mm in depth under critical area, the process is therefore well suited for the loading of a sheet.

De plus, le procédé de l'invention peut être utilisé sur une roue ayant déjà été revêtue d'une peinture et soumise à température de cuisson.In addition, the method of the invention can be used on a wheel having already been coated with a paint and subjected to a temperature of cooking.

Comme représenté sur la figure 2, la zone critique est exposée à un puissant faisceau 10 LASER pendant un temps très court. La zone 11 focalisée est transformée en plasma et la forte pression engendrée est transmise à la surface 12 métallique via une très forte onde de choc. Pour augmenter l'efficacité du choc, on peut déposer sur la surface 12 soumise à l'impact un revêtement 13 absorbant le rayonnement du faisceau 10 LASER.As shown in Figure 2, the critical area is exposed to a powerful 10 LASER beam for a very short time. Zone 11 focused is transformed into plasma and the high pressure generated is transmitted to the metal surface 12 via a very strong shock wave. To increase the effectiveness of the impact, one can deposit on the surface 12 subjected to impact a coating 13 absorbing the radiation of the 10 LASER beam.

Pour confiner le choc, une couche transparente 14 au rayonnement du LASER peut être déposé sur le revêtement 13.To contain the shock, a transparent layer 14 at LASER radiation can be deposited on the coating 13.

La valeur de contrainte résiduelle engendrée par le choc peut atteindre 300 MPa en surface, 100 MPa à 0,5 mm de profondeur et vers 1 mm, le niveau de contrainte est pratiquement nul.The residual stress value generated by the shock can reach 300 MPa at the surface, 100 MPa at 0.5 mm depth and towards 1 mm, the stress level is practically zero.

Dans le cas de l'utilisation d'un impact par jet d'eau, la pression du jet est de plus de 4000 Kg/cm2 pour un débit de 6 litres/mn. L'utilisation d'une buse appropriée couplée à des paramètres spécifiques de l'installation permet de générer des chocs sur la tôle d'acier dont est formée la roue sans avoir d'arrachement de matière.In the case of the use of a water jet impact, the pressure of the jet is more than 4000 Kg / cm 2 for a flow rate of 6 liters / min. The use of an appropriate nozzle coupled to specific parameters of the installation makes it possible to generate shocks on the steel sheet of which the wheel is formed without having material tearing.

On peut définir par calcul l'épaisseur minimale en chaque point par exemple du voile de roue pour qu'il soit correctement dimensionné en contrainte. Il suffit donc de modifier le profil de contraintes internes issu du formage dans la zone critique du nez de galbe pour que finalement le niveau de contraintes en service soit homogène dans tout le voile. Par conséquent, l'épaisseur de la zone critique ne nécessite plus un sur dimentionnement lors du choix de l'épaisseur de la tôle à l'origine.We can define by calculation the minimum thickness at each point by example of the wheel disc so that it is correctly sized in constraint. It is therefore enough to modify the internal stress profile resulting forming in the critical area of the contour nose so that ultimately the level of constraints in service is uniform throughout the veil. Through therefore, the thickness of the critical area no longer requires an over dimensioning when choosing the thickness of the sheet at the origin.

Dans le principe de la mise en oeuvre du procédé, deux modes peuvent être envisagés du point de vue de la distribution de l'impact.In the principle of the implementation of the method, two modes can be viewed from the point of view of impact distribution.

Dans un premier mode, la roue est fixe. L'impact par exemple d'un rayonnement LASER peut être généré par un faisceau 10 localisé dévié par un prisme conique, un miroir annulaire fixe dirigeant le faisceau, par exemple, sur la partie 12 intérieure du nez de galbe .In a first mode, the wheel is fixed. The impact for example LASER radiation can be generated by a localized beam 10 deflected by a conical prism, a fixed annular mirror directing the beam, for example, on the inner part 12 of the curve nose.

L'impact peut être ponctuel, le faisceau 10 dirigé sur un miroir 16 tournant pour le balayage par exemple de la partie 15 intérieure du nez de galbe 8.The impact can be punctual, the beam 10 directed on a mirror 16 turning for scanning for example the inner part of the nose curve 8.

Dans un second mode, la roue est en rotation. L'impact par exemple d'un rayonnement LASER est généré par un faisceau fixe continu ou pulsé dont la cible est un point d'une génératrice du voile de la roue, génératrice appartenant par exemple au nez de galbe.In a second mode, the wheel is in rotation. The impact by example of LASER radiation is generated by a fixed beam continuous or pulsed whose target is a point on a generator of the veil of the wheel, generator belonging for example to the curved nose.

Le fait de modifier localement le profil de contraintes internes par le procédé selon l'invention et suivant les modes exposés ci dessus, permet de définir le choix d'une épaisseur de tôle d'acier au départ non surdimenssionnée. Le gain de poids est de ce fait notable.Modifying the internal stress profile locally by the method according to the invention and according to the modes described above, allows you to define the choice of a steel sheet thickness at the start oversized. The weight gain is therefore noticeable.

Il est possible de cumuler les moyens d'impact comme un rayonnement LASER et un jet d'eau. Par exemple, l'impact LASER sous une pélicule d'eau améliore notamment l'effet de compression.It is possible to combine impact means as a LASER radiation and a water jet. For example, the LASER impact under a film of water notably improves the compression effect.

Le niveau de contrainte en service dans la zone critique d'un voile de roue nécessite une épaisseur de flan de tôle de 4,4 mm lorsque le procédé selon l'invention n'est pas mis en oeuvre.The level of stress in service in the critical area of a sail wheel thickness requires a sheet blank thickness of 4.4 mm when the method according to the invention is not implemented.

Selon le procédé de l'invention, une diminution de l'épaisseur du flan de tôle de l'ordre de 1,4 mm peut être acceptée par une mise en compression de la zone critique du nez de galbe d'environ 160 MPa . Le gain de poids est alors de 1,5 Kg, pour une roue qui, selon l'invention pèsera environ 3,5 Kg, ce qui génére un gain de 30%.According to the method of the invention, a reduction in the thickness of the sheet blank in the order of 1.4 mm can be accepted by placing compression of the critical area of the curve nose of approximately 160 MPa. The weight gain is then 1.5 kg, for a wheel which, according to the invention will weigh approximately 3.5 kg, which generates a gain of 30%.

Claims (6)

  1. Method for making a wheel for a motor vehicle, comprising a wheel disc (2) and an essentially cylindrical rim (3), the wheel disc (2) consisting of an essentially flat central part (4) comprising a bearing surface (5) which serves to centre and to fix the wheel (1) on a hub of the axle, an essentially conical interior upstand (6), another inverted conical part (7) defining, with the interior upstand (6), the tip of a curve (8) which has a large radius of curvature, the inverted conical part (7), which is the rear part of the tip of the curve (8) ending in a turned-down edge (9) intended to join the disc (2) to the rim (3), in which method:
    for a given grade of steel, a sheet metal blank whose thickness is defined by calculating the value of the stress in the region of the stress-critical zones of the wheel in service is chosen,
    the wheel disc and the flange are formed and assembled,
    characterized in that:
    a region of compressive stress is generated in the stress-critical zones of the wheel in service by impact and shock wave that oppose the stress region induced by the shaping and loading of the wheel in service in order to compensate for the induced stresses resulting from the shaping of the wheel disc and/or of the rim, so that the in-service stress in the wheel remains below or equal to the maximum permissible stress.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that,
    at least one stress-critical zone of the wheel is subjected to water jet impact.
  3. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that,
    at least one stress-critical zone of the wheel is subjected to laser radiation impact.
  4. Method according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that
    the concave part of the tip of the curve of the wheel disc is subjected to impact inducing compressive stresses in this part by shock wave so that the in-service stress in the wheel remains below or equal to the maximum permissible stress.
  5. Method according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that
    a coating which absorbs some of the laser radiation energy is deposited on the stress-critical zone.
  6. Method according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that
    a layer which is transparent to laser radiation is deposited on the coating.
EP97903421A 1996-02-08 1997-02-07 Method for making a wheel for a land motor vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0879105B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9601526 1996-02-08
FR9601526A FR2744657B1 (en) 1996-02-08 1996-02-08 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WHEEL FOR A MOTOR LAND VEHICLE
PCT/FR1997/000243 WO1997028914A1 (en) 1996-02-08 1997-02-07 Method for making a wheel for a land motor vehicle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0879105A1 EP0879105A1 (en) 1998-11-25
EP0879105B1 true EP0879105B1 (en) 2001-02-07

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97903421A Expired - Lifetime EP0879105B1 (en) 1996-02-08 1997-02-07 Method for making a wheel for a land motor vehicle

Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP0879105B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE199070T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69704052T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2154024T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2744657B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997028914A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2810922B1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-09-13 Usinor LIGHTWEIGHT AND WIDE BRAKE SPACE

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2561144A1 (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-09-20 Barras Provence Aluminium-alloy vehicle wheels and process and devices for manufacturing these

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4448053A (en) * 1982-05-18 1984-05-15 Rockwell International Corporation Method of stress rolling a metallic rim
IT1199204B (en) * 1984-02-22 1988-12-30 Odonnell & Ass PROCEDURE TO REDUCE RESIDUAL STRESSES IN WELDING METALS AND ADJACENT BASIC METALS

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2561144A1 (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-09-20 Barras Provence Aluminium-alloy vehicle wheels and process and devices for manufacturing these

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69704052T2 (en) 2001-08-23
FR2744657B1 (en) 1998-03-06
ES2154024T3 (en) 2001-03-16
DE69704052D1 (en) 2001-03-15
EP0879105A1 (en) 1998-11-25
ATE199070T1 (en) 2001-02-15
FR2744657A1 (en) 1997-08-14
WO1997028914A1 (en) 1997-08-14

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