Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/56—Supporting or fastening means
  • A61F13/5605—Supporting or fastening means specially adapted for sanitary napkins or the like
  • A61F13/5616—Supporting or fastening means specially adapted for sanitary napkins or the like using flaps, e.g. adhesive, for attachment to the undergarment
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
  • A61F13/47—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins
  • A61F13/476—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins characterised by encircling the crotch region of the undergarment
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/56—Supporting or fastening means
  • A61F13/5605—Supporting or fastening means specially adapted for sanitary napkins or the like
  • A61F13/5611—Supporting or fastening means specially adapted for sanitary napkins or the like using fastening strips, e.g. adhesive, on the undergarment-facing side
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/56—Supporting or fastening means
  • A61F13/66—Garments, holders or supports not integral with absorbent pads
  • A61F13/82—Garments, holders or supports not integral with absorbent pads with means for attaching to the body

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of disposable absorbent articles adapted to be secured to a portion of a wearer's body and utilized for the absorption and containment of body fluids, such as, menstrual fluid, urine and other body exudates.
• Disposable absorbent articles for the abso ⁇ tion and containment of urine, menses and other body exudates are generally known in the art. Such disposable articles have found particular utility in the fields of infant, child, feminine and adult incontinence hygiene. In the area of feminine care, such disposable absorbent articles have been commercialized in two basic types; tampons and sanitary napkins.
• sanitary napkins include thin absorbent devices such as panty liners and an interiabial devices. Sanitary napkins may have an absorbency ranging from just a few grams to the much larger maxi and overnight pads which are designed for absorbing a much greater quantity of body fluids.
• sanitary napkins typically, is comprised of a liquid-permeable cover, a liquid-impermeable garment-facing baffle and an absorbent positioned between the cover and the baffle.
• the sanitary napkin may also include an adhesive or other means disposed on the garment-facing surface of the baffle to secure the sanitary napkin in the crotch region of the wearer's undergarment. While such prior products have performed well, remaining in place and providing the user with ease of placement and removal, these products have suffered from certain drawbacks. For example, the inner crotch surface of the undergarment to which the products are adhered is constantly being distorted, twisted and stretched due to the movements of the wearer. As a result, frequently, the garment adhesive detaches with the undesirable result of the sanitary napkin moving out of position. In an extreme case, detachment of the adhesive may also result in the adhesive folding over on itself and then becoming unavailable for reattachment.
• Sanitary napkins may also include in their construction flaps which, in use, are generally folded around the crotch portion of the undergarment and affixed to the outer crotch portion. Although such flaps have been partially successful in protecting certain regions of the wearer's undergarment, such sanitary napkins are still subject to the forces which cause the sanitary napkin to be distorted, twisted or stretched.
• a sanitary napkin disclosed in the U.S. patent application having U.S. Serial No. 08/167,597 filed on December 14, 1993, the entire disclosure of which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference, uses an adhesive affixed to the bodyfacing surface to secure the sanitary napkin to the wearer's body.
• This provides a sanitary napkin having intimate contact with the wearer without subjecting the sanitary napkin to the twisting and bunching forces normally exerted on a sanitary napkin secured to the undergarment.
• the proper placement of such a sanitary napkin for maximum absorbent efficiency and comfort may test even the most perspicacious person. It has known in the disposable absorbent article art that placement of the sanitary napkin relative to the point of discharge will greatly effect the efficacy of the sanitary napkin in intercepting and absorbing body fluids contacting the bodyfacing surface.
• a sanitary napkin that fits close to the body, but which may be initially placed in a wearer's undergarment in a conventional manner so that the sanitary napkin when worn can be properly positioned for intercepting and absorbing body fluids.
• the present invention relates to an absorbent article adapted to be secured to the wearer's body.
• the absorbent article includes a liquid-permeable cover having a first major surface that is adapted to be positioned adjacent to the wearer's body, a liquid- impermeable baffle having a second major surface that is disposed distally from the first major surface and an absorbent with longitudinal sides positioned between the cover and the baffle.
• a body adhesive is affixed to the first major surface for securing the sanitary napkin in intimate contact with the wearer during use.
• the absorbent article includes an attachment device for securing the absorbent article to the inner crotch portion of a wearer's undergarment to facilitate proper positioning of the absorbent article prior to use.
• the attachment device includes a pressure sensitive adhesive secured to the second major surface for adhering the absorbent article to the inner crotch portion of the undergarment.
• the attachment device includes at least one and preferably a pair of panels extending transversely relative to the longitudinal sides of the absorbent. The attachment panels are configured so that a free portion folds over the leg edges and preferably, around the crotch portion of the wearer's undergarment prior to use. The free portion is provided with a securement device for securement when each of the panels are positioned around an edge of the crotch portion of the undergarment.
• Fig. 1 is a top or bodyside view of an absorbent article depicted as a sanitary napkin, showing the first major surface.
• Fig. 2 is a bottom or garment-side view of the sanitary napkin illustrating the second major surface having one embodiment of the attachment device secured thereto.
• Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 taken along line 3—3.
• Fig. 4 is a top view of an alternate embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 5 is a bottom view of a sanitary napkin showing an alternate embodiment of the attachment device.
• Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 4 taken along line 6-6.
• Fig. 7 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 8 is a bottom view of a sanitary napkin illustrating an alternate embodiment of the attachment device.
• Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 8 taken along line 9-9.
• Fig. 10 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 10 taken along line 10-10.
• the present invention relates generally to disposable absorbent articles which are secured to a wearer's body by a pressure-sensitive body adhesive.
• a catamenial device i.e. a sanitary napkin but is not limited thereto. It is to be understood that the invention may be adapted for use in other absorbent articles such as diapers, incontinent devices and the like.
• the same numeral designates a similar part in the different views and embodiments.
• a sanitary napkin 10 is shown.
• the construction of the sanitary napkin 10 is generally conventional and will only be described briefly.
• the sanitary napkin 10 is provided with a cover 12 having a first major surface 14 which is generally disposed toward and adapted to be positioned adjacent to the wearer's body and a baffle 16 positioned distally from the cover 12 and having a second major surface 18 which is adapted to be positioned adjacent to the undergarment of the wearer.
• the cover 12 and the baffle 16 which extends beyond the absorbent longitudinal sides 22 and 23 to enclose the absorbent 20.
• the sanitary napkin 10 includes a body adhesive 24 secured to the first major surface 14 for adhering the sanitary napkin 10 to the wearer's body during use. Overlying the body adhesive 24 can be a peel strip, not shown, to prevent the body adhesive 24 from becoming contaminated and/or prematurely adhering to an unintended surface. Suitable materials for use as a peel strip are well known in the art and are commercially available. To aid in keeping the sanitary napkin 10 in the inner crotch portion of the wearer's undergarment prior to use an attachment device 26 is affixed to the second major surface 18.
• the sanitary napkin 10 has a race track shape but it is not intended to be limited thereto. It can also be hourglass, oval or any other configuration that will allow the first major surface 14 to come into intimate contact with the wearer.
• the term "sanitary napkin” refers to an article which is worn by females adjacent to the pudendal region and which is intended to absorb and contain various exudates which are discharged from a body such as, blood, menses and urine. The sanitary napkin is intended to be discarded when soiled and not laundered or reused. Interiabial devices which reside partially within and partially external of the female wearer's vestibule are also within the scope of this invention.
• the cover 12 is designed to contact the body of the wearer and therefore should be liquid-permeable and easily penetrated by body fluids, non-irritating to the wearer's skin and preferably does not absorb an appreciable amount of fluid.
• the cover 12 can be constructed of a woven or nonwoven, natural or synthetic material. Suitable materials include bonded carded webs of polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, or other heat-bondable fibers. Other polyolefins, such as copolymers of polypropylene and polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, finely- perforated film webs and net material, also work well. Particularly preferred are composite materials of a polymer and a nonwoven fabric material.
• Still another cover material is a spunbond web of polypropylene.
• the web can contain about 1% to about 6% titanium dioxide pigment to give it a clean, white appearance.
• a uniform spunbond material is desirable because it has sufficient strength in the longitudinal direction, even after being perforated, to resist being torn or pulled apart during use.
• the most preferred polypropylene webs have a weight of between about 18 and 40 grams per square meter. An optimum weight is between about 30 and 40 grams per square meter.
• the cover 12 can also be treated with a surfactant to improve its hydrophilic characteristics.
• the surfactant can include topically applied materials like polysiloxanes.
• the baffle 16 acts as a barrier between the absorbed body fluids contained in the absorbent 20 and the person wearing the sanitary napkin 10. Accordingly, the baffle 16 is nonabsorbent and preferably liquid-impervious.
• the baffle 16 should be soft and compliant since a portion of the baffle 16 may reside adjacent the thigh region of the wearer.
• the term "compliant" refers to materials which will readily conform to the general external shape and contours of the human anatomy.
• the baffle 16 may permit the passage of air or vapor out of the sanitary napkin 10 while blocking the passage of liquids from the absorbent 20.
• a good baffle material is a microembossed, polymeric film, such as polyethylene or polypropylene. Bicomponent films can also be used as well as woven and nonwoven fabrics which have been treated to render them liquid-impermeable.
• the baffle 16 may also be made from a polyethylene film having a thickness in the range of from about 0.012 mm to about 1.0 mm.
• the absorbent 20 is positioned between the cover 12 and the baffle 16.
• the cover 12 and the baffle 16 can have a length and a width dimension greater than the length and width of the absorbent 20, extending beyond the absorbent sides 22 and 23 encasing the absorbent 20 and defining longitudinal side edges 28 and 29 of the sanitary napkin 10.
• the cover 12 and the baffle 16 may be sealed together using any suitable means that will not leave a hard, uncomfortable residue that may be annoying to the wearer.
• the term "sealed” encompasses configurations whereby the cover 12 is directly joined to the baffle 16 and configurations whereby the cover 12 is indirectly joined to the baffle 16 by affixing the cover 12 to an intermediate member, which are in turn affixed to the baffle 16.
• Methods for attaching the cover 12 and baffle 16 are well known to those skilled in the art and include the use of hot melt adhesives, pressure- sensitive adhesives, double-sided tape, sonic bonding and heat sealing.
• the materials used in the absorbent 20 are designed to absorb body exudates, including menstrual fluids, blood and urine. Suitable materials include wood pulp fluff, rayon, cotton and meltblown polymer, such as polyester, polypropylene or coform cellulose sponge, hydrophilic synthetic sponge, such as polyurethane, and combinations thereof. A preferred material is wood fluff, for it is low in cost, relatively easy to form and has good absorbency. Coform is an air-formed combination of meltblown polymers, such as polypropylene, and absorbent staple fibers, such as cellulose. The capacity of the absorbent 20 may be varied depending upon the intended usage of the final product.
• the sanitary napkin 10 may also include other layers, such as a wicking layer, one or more tissue layers and may contain superabsorbent in combination with one or more other absorbent materials described above, none of which are shown in the Figures.
• layers and materials are commercially available from several sources and are well known to those skilled in the construction of disposable absorbent articles, such as sanitary napkins, diapers or incontinent devices.
• the body adhesive 24 is positioned on the first major surface 14 to contact the wearer and support the sanitary napkin 10 during use.
• the adhesive 24 can overlie from about 5 percent to about 95 percent of the first major surface 14.
• the adhesive 24 overlies from about 5 percent to about 75 percent of the first major surface 14.
• the adhesive 24 overiies from about 5 percent to about 75 percent of the first major surface 14, more preferably, from about 5 percent to about 35 percent and most preferred, from about 5 percent to about 20 percent of the first major surface 14.
• Suitable adhesive materials are disclosed in the commonly assigned patent application having U.S. Serial Number 08/331 ,072 filed on October 28, 1994, the entire disclosure of which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference and made a part hereof.
• the sanitary napkin 10 includes an attachment device 26 for securing the sanitary napkin 10 to the inner crotch region of a wearer's undergarment for proper placement of the sanitary napkin 10 against the wearer's body.
• the attachment device 26 can include a pressure-sensitive garment adhesive 30 positioned on the second major surface 18 of the sanitary napkin 10.
• the configuration of the adhesive 30 is not critical and may be selected from stripes, bands, patches or the like.
• the garment adhesive 30 may include a protective strip 32 to prevent the adhesive 30 from drying out and to prevent it from adhering to extraneous surfaces prior to use.
• the protectant strip can be constructed from a silicone coated Kraft paper, film or the like.
• FIG. 4-6 another embodiment of a sanitary napkin 100 is shown.
• the sanitary napkin 100 is similar to that described above for Figs. 1-3 except the attachment device 26 includes an attachment panel 102, and preferably, a pair of attachment panels 102 and 104 secured to the sanitary napkin 100.
• the attachment panels 102 and 104 secure the sanitary napkin 100 to the inner crotch portion of the wearer's undergarment for proper placement, supplanting the use of a garment adhesive 30 (seen in Figs. 1-3).
• the panels 102 and 104 can be used in combination with the pressure-sensitive garment adhesive 30.
• the attachment panels 102 and 104 extend transversely relative to the longitudinal sides 22 and 23 of the absorbent 20 and are intended to be folded around the crotch portion of the wearer's undergarment and can protect the leg edges from soiling during use.
• the attachment panels 102 and 104 are identical except for an anchoring device, described in greater detail below, on each panel and therefore, only one will be described.
• the attachment panel 102 consists generally of separate sheet of material having a fixed portion 106 and an unaffixed, free portion 108.
• the fixed portion 106 is secured to the second major surface 18 at a location that generally coincides with or is inward from the longitudinal side edge 28 of the sanitary napkin 100.
• the attachment panel 102 can be secured to the second major surface 18 in any manner which results in a sufficiently strong and flexible juncture between the two materials. Accordingly, the choice of materials may dictate the choice of method for affixing the panel 102 to the second major surface 18. Suitable methods utilized can include adhesives, heat bonding, ultrasonics and the like.
• the free portion 108 of the panel 102 extends from the fixed portion 106 and is directed generally inward relative to the longitudinal side edge 28 of the sanitary napkin 100.
• the free portion 108 of at least one and preferably both attachment panels 102 and 104 are provided with a securement device 110 for securement when the attachment panels 102 and 104 are folded over the respective leg edge of the undergarment crotch portion.
• the attachment panels 102 and 104 are configured to encircle the crotch portion of the wearer's undergarments during use.
• the attachment device 110 is positioned on the free portion 108 so that at least a portion of the attachment panel 102 and 104 may be secured together under the outer crotch portion of the undergarment.
• the attachment device 110 can be a pressure-sensitive adhesive, cohesives or mechanical fasteners, such as, hook-and-loop materials, snaps, buttons and the like.
• FIGs. 7-9 another embodiment of a sanitary napkin 200 is shown.
• the sanitary napkin 200 is similar to that described above for Figs. 4-6.
• the attachment panels 102 and 104 are secured to the second major surface 18 at a location that generally coincides with or is inward from the longitudinal side edge 28 and 29.
• a point or location of securement of the fixed portion 106 of the panels 102 and 104 being generally coincident to or inward from the longitudinal side edge 28 or 29 of the sanitary napkin 100 and 200, it is meant the point of affixation closest to the longitudinal edge 28 or 29.
• the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 7-9 differs from the embodiments of Figs.
• the free portion 108 of the attachment panels 102 and 104 extends outward relative to the longitudinal edge 28 or 29.
• the free portion 108 of at least one and preferably both attachment panels 102 and 104 are provided with an attachment device 110 for securement of each attachment panel 102 and 104 when they are folded over the respective leg edge of the undergarment crotch portion.
• the attachment panels 102 and 104 are configured to encircle the crotch portion of the wearer's undergarments during use.
• the securement device 110 is positioned on the free portion 108 so that at least a portion of the attachment panel 102 and 104 may be secured together under the outer crotch portion of the undergarment.
• the securement device 110 can be a pressure-sensitive adhesive, cohesives or mechanical fasteners, such as, hook-and-loop materials, snaps, buttons and the like.
• the sanitary napkin 300 has a cover 302 with a first major surface 304, a baffle 306 with a second major surface 308 and an absorbent 310 located between the cover 302 and the baffle 306.
• the cover 302, baffle 306, first and second major surfaces 304 and 308 are similar to that described above for Figs. 1-9.
• the sanitary napkin 300 includes a body adhesive 312 secured to the first major surface 304 for adhering the sanitary napkin 300 to the wearer's body during use similar to that described above for Figs. 1-9.
• the cover 302 and baffle 306 extend beyond the longitudinal sides 314 and 315 of the absorbent 310 to define laterally extending panels 316 and 318.
• the cover 302 forms one surface of the panels 316 and 318 while the baffle 306 forms the other surface.
• the panels 316 and 318 do not require a cover 302 to enable them to function properly, but the use of a cover 302 is preferred.
• the panels 316 and 318 permit the sanitary napkin 300 to be positioned in the crotch area of a wearer's undergarment for proper positioning of the sanitary napkin 300 against the wearer's body during use.
• the panels 316 and 318 are integrally formed by the extension of the cover and the baffle beyond the longitudinal sides 314 and 315 of the absorbent.
• the panels 316 and 318 have a fixed portion 320 and 321 positioned adjacent to the longitudinal sides 314 and 315 and a free portion 322 and 323 extending from the fixed portions 320 and 321.
• the cover 302 and baffle 306 can be secured together by any means commonly used in the art for this pu ⁇ ose, such as adhesive, ultrasonic bonding, heat bonding, crimping, or the like.
• the free portion 322 and 323 of panels 316 and 318 are sufficiently flexible to allow each panel 316 and 318 to be positioned around a leg edge of the crotch portion of a wearer's undergarment without appreciably altering the natural path of the leg edge.
• the precise shape of each panel 316 and 318, as well as the overall shape of the sanitary napkin 300, is not critical to the invention to the extent that it does not interfere with the body adhesive 312 in securing the sanitary napkin 300 to the wearer. Accordingly, depending upon the intended usage of the sanitary napkin 300, the shape of the sanitary napkin 300 and the panels 316 and 318 can be readily selected by those skilled in the art without undue experimentation.
• the panels 316 and 318 can be asymmetrically positioned along the longitudinal axis of the sanitary napkin, but preferably, the panels 316 and 318 are symmetrically disposed so that the panels 316 and 318 are mirror images of each other.
• the attachment panels 316 and 318 include a securement device 324 to assist in maintaining at least one panel 316 and preferably both panels 316 and 318 in position after the panels are wrapped around the crotch portion of the undergarment.
• the attachment device 324 can include an adhesive, coadhesives and mechanical fasteners such as hook-and-loop materials, snaps, buttons and equivalents thereof.
• the attachment device 324 is preferably positioned on the panels 316 and 318 in a manner that will permit at least one of the panels 316 or 318 to be secured to least a portion of the opposing panel.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
• Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
• Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26682207

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (12)

Families Citing this family (12)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 1997
  • 1997-01-31 AR ARP970100397A patent/AR005669A1/es unknown
  • 1997-02-04 EP EP97904181A patent/EP0879040A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1997-02-04 CZ CZ982456A patent/CZ245698A3/cs unknown
  • 1997-02-04 AU AU18539/97A patent/AU709473B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1997-02-04 KR KR1019980706080A patent/KR19990082350A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-02-04 BR BR9710944-4A patent/BR9710944A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-02-04 CN CN97192101.6A patent/CN1210457A/zh active Pending
  • 1997-02-04 IL IL12533997A patent/IL125339A0/xx unknown
  • 1997-02-04 JP JP52859997A patent/JP2002515776A/ja active Pending
  • 1997-02-04 WO PCT/US1997/001659 patent/WO1997028773A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-02-04 CA CA002242601A patent/CA2242601A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 1998
  • 1998-07-15 MX MX9805697A patent/MX9805697A/es unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events