EP0878556A1 - Process for making alloys containing rhenium, and alloys produced by the process - Google Patents

Process for making alloys containing rhenium, and alloys produced by the process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0878556A1
EP0878556A1 EP98108055A EP98108055A EP0878556A1 EP 0878556 A1 EP0878556 A1 EP 0878556A1 EP 98108055 A EP98108055 A EP 98108055A EP 98108055 A EP98108055 A EP 98108055A EP 0878556 A1 EP0878556 A1 EP 0878556A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
rhenium
weight
alloy
nickel
alloys
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EP98108055A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0878556B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Koch
Wulf Dr. Kock
David Dr. Lupton
Friedhold Schölz
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WC Heraus GmbH and Co KG
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WC Heraus GmbH and Co KG
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Priority claimed from DE19811765A external-priority patent/DE19811765A1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F2009/0804—Dispersion in or on liquid, other than with sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing rhenium-containing alloys with melting of the constituents forming the alloys, casting and solidification and the rhenium-containing alloys produced by the process.
  • the invention particularly relates to a process for the preparation of rhenium-containing Alloys based on iron, cobalt, nickel or a mixture of at least two of these metals and those containing rhenium produced by the process Alloys based on iron, cobalt, nickel or a mixture of at least two of these metals.
  • rhenium-containing alloys based on iron, cobalt, nickel or one Mixtures of at least two of these metals are understood as alloys in the sense of the invention, the amount of iron, cobalt and / or nickel greater than that of rhenium and each which may also still be present in the alloys.
  • This type of alloy includes the so-called super alloys.
  • The are according to Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Stuttgart; New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1989 until 1992, 4393, extremely complex alloys for one application at very high temperatures.
  • the base of the alloy is iron, nickel or cobalt with additions of Metals (cobalt, nickel, iron, chrome, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, aluminum, titanium, Manganese, zirconium) and non-metals (carbon and boron).
  • Superalloy components are produced by forming, casting or sintering and acquire their special properties depending on the excretion or reaction kinetics of the elements involved of manufacturing process and application temperature.
  • Super alloys are used in Engine and engine construction, used in energy technology and in aerospace.
  • DE 25 30 245 C2 describes a high-temperature resistant, Corrosion and oxidation resistant superalloy proposed that at least Contains 50% by volume ⁇ '-phase and from 14.3% by weight chromium, 13.5% by weight cobalt, 2.1% by weight titanium, 1.8% by weight aluminum, 9.2% by weight platinum, the rest nickel can.
  • Super alloys for turbine engines may contain rhenium (Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Stuttgart; New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1989 - 1992, 3867).
  • Super alloys of this type consist for example of 10% cobalt, 8.7% tantalum, 5.9% tungsten, 5.7% aluminum, 5% chromium, 3% rhenium, 1.9% molybdenum, 0.1% hafnium, Balance nickel (EP 0 554 198 A1) or from 2% chromium, 3.7% cobalt, 32% molybdenum, 8.2% tantalum, 6.2% aluminum, 6.3% rhenium, 4% vanadium, 0.24% carbon, balance nickel (Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, 5th edition, Weinheim: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH 1985 to 1995, volume A13, 61).
  • rhenium and alloys containing iron, cobalt and / or nickel by melting together the constituent parts and then pouring them and solidification are usually initially carried out in a vacuum induction melting furnace Melting (premelting) generated from the main components and then the additives Melt added, the rhenium being in the form of rhenium powder by pressing and Sintering (vacuum or reducing atmosphere, mostly hydrogen) produced tablets used becomes.
  • Melting premelting
  • Sintering vacuum or reducing atmosphere, mostly hydrogen
  • rhenium heptoxide Since rhenium is easily oxidized to rhenium heptoxide, Re 2 O 7 , by atmospheric oxygen, rhenium heptoxide can still be formed in the melt, for example, despite thorough degassing or in the furnace atmosphere, which sublimes from 250 ° C., so that the melt undesirably depleted in rhenium and the alloys no longer meet the specifications.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a method for producing rhenium containing alloys based on iron, cobalt, nickel or a mixture of at least two of these metals by melting together the constituents forming the alloys, Pouring and solidification to find the disadvantages of the known method avoids.
  • the process should be easier to perform and good and to alloys consistent quality and constant composition. According to the procedure superalloys containing rhenium in particular, especially those based on Nickel.
  • the method representing the solution to the problem is characterized in that that when melting together the component rhenium in the form of a melt metallurgical Rhenium alloy obtained with a rhenium content of 30 - 70% by weight is used.
  • the rhenium alloy used for the method according to the invention is a so-called Master alloy.
  • Master alloys are according to Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Stuttgart; New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1989 - 1992, 2478, such alloys used in metallurgy Find use.
  • the process according to the invention has proven itself when a process obtained by melt metallurgy Alloy of 30-70% by weight rhenium and 30-70% by weight iron, cobalt and / or Nickel is used.
  • a rhenium-iron alloy of 30-70% by weight is particularly suitable for the process.
  • Rhenium and 30-70% by weight iron preferably 50% by weight rhenium and 50 %
  • iron, or a rhenium-cobalt alloy of 30-70% by weight rhenium and 30-70% by weight cobalt preferably made from 50% by weight rhenium and 50% by weight Cobalt.
  • the method according to the invention has proven to be particularly favorable if one Rhenium-nickel alloy obtained from 30 - 70% by weight rhenium by melt metallurgy and 30-70% by weight of nickel, preferably of 50% by weight of rhenium and 50% by weight Nickel is used.
  • the melt metallurgical extraction of the rhenium master alloy is done to avoid this oxidation in a vacuum or under protective gas.
  • Suitable materials for the crucibles are graphite, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium dioxide.
  • the rhenium-iron, rhenium-cobalt and rhenium-nickel master alloy is advantageous in the form of granules, which are obtained by pouring the melted master alloy into water Can be generated and are easy to handle and meter, used, As particularly suitable granules of around 1 to 3 millimeters have been found.
  • the method according to the invention is distinguished - compared to the known method - due to its easier feasibility.
  • the rhenium produced by the process Alloys containing are of very good quality and high purity.
  • the procedure is preferred for the production of rhenium based alloys used by nickel.
  • the rhenium alloy used as the master alloy in the process according to the invention melts in a temperature interval (solidus temperature in the range from approximately 1550 ° C. to 1750 ° C.) which is below the melting point of the rhenium. So it melts in the premelt, which has a temperature of about 1500 to 1600 ° C and a density of about 8 g / cm 3 , much more easily than the sintered rhenium used in the known method.
  • a temperature interval solidus temperature in the range from approximately 1550 ° C. to 1750 ° C.
  • the lower density of the rhenium master alloy favors its homogeneous distribution in the Melt; there is no fear of settling on the bottom of the crucible. Also owns the rhenium master alloy to oxygen does not make the sintered one more reactive Rhenium tablets, so that there is no risk of the formation of rhenium heptoxide and as a result of which there is a depletion of rhenium in the melt.
  • the rhenium-nickel alloy with a solidus temperature of 1620 ° C. which is preferably used as the master alloy for the process, can be melted by melting nickel and rhenium, which is obtained in a known manner from ammonium perrhenate by reduction in a stream of hydrogen, in vacuo or under argon. Produce carbon monoxide or hydrogen as protective gas.
  • Graphite, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium dioxide are suitable materials for the crucible.
  • aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide have proven particularly suitable as crucible material and argon or carbon monoxide as protective gas.
  • Rhenium can be obtained in a purity of more than 99.99% from ammonium perrhenate will.
  • Nickel is generally of commercial quality with a purity of 99.97% used. If super alloys are to be produced on the basis of nickel for the aviation, Production of the high-purity rhenium-nickel pre-alloy nickel, as for example by the carbonyl process, that is to say by thermal decomposition of nickel tetracarbonyl can be chosen.
  • a rhenium alloy can also be used for the process according to the invention can be used as a master alloy, in addition to rhenium and iron, cobalt or nickel still contains a proportion of elements provided in the alloys to be produced.
  • 500 g of rhenium powder and 500 nickel powder are placed in a silicon dioxide crucible and heated in an induction melting furnace (4000 Hz) under carbon monoxide. If that Nickel begins to melt (1455 ° C), the temperature is steadily increased until the entire Crucible contents have melted. For the purpose of homogenization, the melt becomes two more Maintained at this temperature for minutes and then slowly into a large bath of cold water poured, forming granules with a grain size of about 1.5 mm. The through Melt extraction certain oxygen content of the granules is 370 ppm.
  • rhenium powder and 600 g of nickel powder are placed in an aluminum oxide crucible and in an induction melting furnace (4000 Hz) under argon / hydrogen (95% by volume Argon and 5% by volume of hydrogen) melted according to Example 1 and granules shed.
  • the granules have an oxygen content of 230 ppm.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

In the production of rhenium-containing alloys by melting the alloy constituents, the rhenium is added in the form of an alloy of 30-70 wt.% Re content obtained by melting. Preferably, the added alloy consists of 30-70 (especially 50) wt.% Re and 30-70 (especially 50) wt.% Fe, Co and/or Ni. Also claimed is a Re-containing Fe, Co and/or preferably Ni base alloy produced by the above method.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rhenium enthaltenden Legierungen unter Zusammenschmelzen der die Legierungen bildenden Bestandteile, Gießen und Erstarrenlassen und die nach dem Verfahren hergestellten Rhenium enthaltenden Legierungen.The invention relates to a method for producing rhenium-containing alloys with melting of the constituents forming the alloys, casting and solidification and the rhenium-containing alloys produced by the process.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich besonders auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rhenium enthaltenden Legierungen auf der Basis von Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel oder einer Mischung aus mindestens zwei dieser Metalle und auf die nach dem Verfahren hergestellten Rhenium enthaltenden Legierungen auf der Basis von Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel oder einer Mischung aus mindestens zwei dieser Metalle.The invention particularly relates to a process for the preparation of rhenium-containing Alloys based on iron, cobalt, nickel or a mixture of at least two of these metals and those containing rhenium produced by the process Alloys based on iron, cobalt, nickel or a mixture of at least two of these metals.

Unter Rhenium enthaltenden Legierungen auf der Basis von Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel oder einer Mischung aus mindestens zwei dieser Metalle werden im Sinne der Erfindung Legierungen verstanden, deren Menge an Eisen, Kobalt und/oder Nickel größer als die an Rhenium und jedem der möglicherweise in den Legierungen außerdem noch vorhandenen Bestandteile ist.Among rhenium-containing alloys based on iron, cobalt, nickel or one Mixtures of at least two of these metals are understood as alloys in the sense of the invention, the amount of iron, cobalt and / or nickel greater than that of rhenium and each which may also still be present in the alloys.

Zu dieser Art von Legierungen gehören unter anderem die sogenannten Superlegierungen. Das sind nach Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9. Auflage, Stuttgart; New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1989 bis 1992, 4393, außerordentlich komplex zusammengesetzte Legierungen für eine Anwendung bei sehr hohen Temperaturen. Legierungsbasis ist Eisen, Nickel oder Kobalt mit Zusätzen von Metallen (Kobalt, Nickel, Eisen, Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram, Tantal, Niob, Aluminium, Titan, Mangan, Zirkonium) und Nichtmetallen (Kohlenstoff und Bor). Bauteile aus Superlegierungen werden durch Umformen, Gießen oder Sintern hergestellt und beziehen ihre besonderen Eigenschaften aus der Ausscheidungs- oder Reaktionskinetik der beteiligten Elemente in Abhängigkeit von Herstellungsverfahren und Anwendungstemperatur. Superlegierungen werden im Motoren- und Triebwerksbau, in der Energietechnik und in der Luft- und Raumfahrt eingesetzt.This type of alloy includes the so-called super alloys. The are according to Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Stuttgart; New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1989 until 1992, 4393, extremely complex alloys for one application at very high temperatures. The base of the alloy is iron, nickel or cobalt with additions of Metals (cobalt, nickel, iron, chrome, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, aluminum, titanium, Manganese, zirconium) and non-metals (carbon and boron). Superalloy components are produced by forming, casting or sintering and acquire their special properties depending on the excretion or reaction kinetics of the elements involved of manufacturing process and application temperature. Super alloys are used in Engine and engine construction, used in energy technology and in aerospace.

Die Auswahl der Zusätze richtet sich nach den Beanspruchungen, denen die Superlegierungen im Betrieb ausgesetzt sind. So wird zum Beispiel in DE 25 30 245 C2 eine hochtemperaturfeste, korrosions- und oxidationsbeständige Superlegierung vorgeschlagen, die mindestens 50 Volumen-% γ'-Phase enthält und aus 14,3 Gewichts-% Chrom, 13,5 Gewichts-% Kobalt, 2,1 Gewichts-% Titan, 1,8 Gewichts-% Aluminium, 9,2 Gewichts-% Platin, Rest Nickel bestehen kann.The choice of additives depends on the stresses that the superalloys experience exposed during operation. For example, DE 25 30 245 C2 describes a high-temperature resistant, Corrosion and oxidation resistant superalloy proposed that at least Contains 50% by volume γ'-phase and from 14.3% by weight chromium, 13.5% by weight cobalt, 2.1% by weight titanium, 1.8% by weight aluminum, 9.2% by weight platinum, the rest nickel can.

In Superlegierungen für Turbinentriebwerke kann ein Zusatz von Rhenium enthalten sein (Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9. Auflage, Stuttgart; New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1989 - 1992, 3867). Superlegierungen dieser Art bestehen beispielsweise aus 10 % Kobalt, 8,7 % Tantal, 5,9 % Wolfram, 5,7 % Aluminium, 5 % Chrom, 3 % Rhenium, 1,9 % Molybdän, 0,1 % Hafnium, Rest Nickel (EP 0 554 198 A1) oder aus 2 % Chrom, 3,7 % Kobalt, 32 % Molybdän, 8,2 % Tantal, 6,2 % Aluminium, 6,3 % Rhenium, 4 % Vanadin, 0,24 % Kohlenstoff, Rest Nickel (Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, 5. Auflage, Weinheim: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH 1985 bis 1995, Band A13, 61).Super alloys for turbine engines may contain rhenium (Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Stuttgart; New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1989 - 1992, 3867). Super alloys of this type consist for example of 10% cobalt, 8.7% tantalum, 5.9% tungsten, 5.7% aluminum, 5% chromium, 3% rhenium, 1.9% molybdenum, 0.1% hafnium, Balance nickel (EP 0 554 198 A1) or from 2% chromium, 3.7% cobalt, 32% molybdenum, 8.2% tantalum, 6.2% aluminum, 6.3% rhenium, 4% vanadium, 0.24% carbon, balance nickel (Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, 5th edition, Weinheim: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH 1985 to 1995, volume A13, 61).

Zur Herstellung von Rhenium und als Basis Eisen, Kobalt und/oder Nickel enthaltenden Legierungen durch Zusammenschmelzen der sie bildenden Bestandteile und anschließendes Gießen und Erstarrenlassen werden üblicherweise in einem Vakuuminduktionsschmelzofen zunächst Schmelzen (Vorschmelzen) aus den Hauptbestandteilen erzeugt und dann die Zusätze den Schmelzen beigefügt, wobei das Rhenium in Form von aus Rhenium-Pulver durch Pressen und Sintern (Vakuum oder reduzierende Atmosphäre, meist Wasserstoff) erzeugten Tabletten eingesetzt wird.For the production of rhenium and alloys containing iron, cobalt and / or nickel by melting together the constituent parts and then pouring them and solidification are usually initially carried out in a vacuum induction melting furnace Melting (premelting) generated from the main components and then the additives Melt added, the rhenium being in the form of rhenium powder by pressing and Sintering (vacuum or reducing atmosphere, mostly hydrogen) produced tablets used becomes.

Dieses Herstellungsverfahren ist aufgrund einiger typischer Eigenschaften des Rheniums aufwendig und mit Schwierigkeiten verbunden, die die Qualität der Legierungen beeinträchtigen können. This manufacturing process is complex due to some typical properties of rhenium and associated with difficulties that affect the quality of the alloys can.

Der um etwa 1700°C über dem der Schmelze liegende hohe Schmelzpunkt des Rheniums (3180 °C) und seine hohe Dichte (21,0 g/cm3; Schmelze: etwa 8 g/cm3) erschweren das Schmelzen und die homogene Verteilung des Rheniums in der Schmelze.The high melting point of rhenium (3180 ° C) and the high density (21.0 g / cm 3 ; melt: about 8 g / cm 3 ) make the melting and the homogeneous distribution of the Rheniums in the melt.

Da Rhenium durch Luftsauerstoff leicht zu Rheniumheptoxid, Re2O7, oxidiert wird, kann sich durch zum Beispiel in der Schmelze trotz gründlichen Entgasens oder in der Schmelzofen-Atmosphäre noch vorhandenen Sauerstoff Rheniumheptoxid bilden, das ab 250°C sublimiert, so daß die Schmelze in unerwünschter Weise an Rhenium verarmt und die Legierungen die Spezifikationen nicht mehr erfüllen.Since rhenium is easily oxidized to rhenium heptoxide, Re 2 O 7 , by atmospheric oxygen, rhenium heptoxide can still be formed in the melt, for example, despite thorough degassing or in the furnace atmosphere, which sublimes from 250 ° C., so that the melt undesirably depleted in rhenium and the alloys no longer meet the specifications.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rhenium enthaltenden Legierungen auf der Basis von Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel oder einer Mischung aus mindestens zwei dieser Metalle unter Zusammenschmelzen der die Legierungen bildenden Bestandteile, Gießen und Erstarrenlassen zu finden, das die Nachteile des bekannten Verfahrens vermeidet. Das Verfahren soll einfacher durchzuführen sein und zu Legierungen guter und gleichbleibender Qualität und konstanter Zusammensetzung führen. Nach dem Verfahren sollen sich besonders Rhenium enthaltende Superlegierungen, speziell solche auf der Basis von Nickel, herstellen lassen.The invention is therefore based on the object of a method for producing rhenium containing alloys based on iron, cobalt, nickel or a mixture of at least two of these metals by melting together the constituents forming the alloys, Pouring and solidification to find the disadvantages of the known method avoids. The process should be easier to perform and good and to alloys consistent quality and constant composition. According to the procedure superalloys containing rhenium in particular, especially those based on Nickel.

Das die Lösung der Aufgabe darstellende Verfahren ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichet, daß beim Zusammenschmelzen der Bestandteil Rhenium in Form einer schmelzmetallurgisch gewonnenen Rhenium-Legierung mit einem Rhenium-Gehalt von 30 - 70 Gewichts-% eingesetzt wird.According to the invention, the method representing the solution to the problem is characterized in that that when melting together the component rhenium in the form of a melt metallurgical Rhenium alloy obtained with a rhenium content of 30 - 70% by weight is used.

Die für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren benutzte Rhenium-Legierung stellt eine sogenannte Vorlegierung dar. "Vorlegierungen" sind nach Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9. Auflage, Stuttgart; New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1989 - 1992, 2478, solche Legierungen, die in der Metallurgie Verwendung finden.The rhenium alloy used for the method according to the invention is a so-called Master alloy. "Master alloys" are according to Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Stuttgart; New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1989 - 1992, 2478, such alloys used in metallurgy Find use.

Bewährt hat sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, wenn eine schmelzmetallurgisch gewonnene Legierung aus 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Eisen, Kobalt und/oder Nickel eingesetzt wird.The process according to the invention has proven itself when a process obtained by melt metallurgy Alloy of 30-70% by weight rhenium and 30-70% by weight iron, cobalt and / or Nickel is used.

Für das Verfahren eignet sich besonders eine Rhenium-Eisen-Legierung aus 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Eisen, vorzugsweise aus 50 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 50 Gewichts-% Eisen, oder eine Rhenium-Kobalt-Legierung aus 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Kobalt, vorzugsweise aus 50 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 50 Gewichts-% Kobalt.A rhenium-iron alloy of 30-70% by weight is particularly suitable for the process. Rhenium and 30-70% by weight iron, preferably 50% by weight rhenium and 50 % By weight iron, or a rhenium-cobalt alloy of 30-70% by weight rhenium and 30-70% by weight cobalt, preferably made from 50% by weight rhenium and 50% by weight Cobalt.

Als ganz besonders günstig hat sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erwiesen, wenn eine schmelzmetallurgisch gewonnene Rhenium-Nickel-Legierung aus 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Nickel, vorzugsweise aus 50 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 50 Gewichts-% Nickel, eingesetzt wird.The method according to the invention has proven to be particularly favorable if one Rhenium-nickel alloy obtained from 30 - 70% by weight rhenium by melt metallurgy and 30-70% by weight of nickel, preferably of 50% by weight of rhenium and 50% by weight Nickel is used.

Die schmelzmetallurgische Gewinnung der Rhenium-Vorlegierung geschieht zur Vermeidung einer Oxidation im Vakuum oder unter Schutzgas. Geeignete Materialien für die Schmelztiegel sind Graphit, Aluminiumoxid, Siliciumdioxid und Zirkoniumdioxid.The melt metallurgical extraction of the rhenium master alloy is done to avoid this oxidation in a vacuum or under protective gas. Suitable materials for the crucibles are graphite, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium dioxide.

Die Rhenium-Eisen-, Rhenium-Kobalt- und Rhenium-Nickel-Vorlegierung wird vorteilhafterweise in Form von Granalien, die sich durch Eingießen der erschmolzenen Vorlegierung in Wasser erzeugen lassen und gut zu handhaben und zu dosieren sind, eingesetzt, Als besonders geeignet haben sich dabei etwa 1 - 3 Millimeter große Granalien erwiesen.The rhenium-iron, rhenium-cobalt and rhenium-nickel master alloy is advantageous in the form of granules, which are obtained by pouring the melted master alloy into water Can be generated and are easy to handle and meter, used, As particularly suitable granules of around 1 to 3 millimeters have been found.

Legierungen des Rheniums mit Eisen, Kobalt bzw. Nickel sind an sich bekannt. So wird in der deutschen Patentschrift 729 862 ein Werkstoff zur Herstellung von korrosionsfesten, naturharten und abriebfesten Gegenständen aus Rhenium oder einer hochrheniumhaltigen Legierung, die Zusätze an Platinmetallen, Wolfram, Chrom, Molybdän, Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel, einzeln oder zu mehreren, in einer Menge von 0,1 - 50 % enthält, und in JP 52-52106 A (Derwent-Abstract) eine galvanisch abgeschiedene Legierung aus Rhenium und Kobalt oder Nickel für elektrische Kontakte beschrieben.Alloys of rhenium with iron, cobalt or nickel are known per se. So in the German patent 729 862 a material for the production of corrosion-resistant, naturally hard and abrasion-resistant objects made of rhenium or a high-rhenium alloy, the additions of platinum metals, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, nickel, individually or contains several, in an amount of 0.1 - 50%, and in JP 52-52106 A (Derwent abstract) a galvanically deposited alloy of rhenium and cobalt or nickel for electrical Contacts described.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich - verglichen mit dem bekannten Verfahren - durch seine einfachere Durchführbarkeit aus. Die nach dem Verfahren hergestellten Rhenium enthaltenden Legierungen weisen eine sehr gute Qualität und eine hohe Reinheit auf. Das Verfahren wird bevorzugt zur Herstellung von Rhenium enthaltenden Legierungen auf der Basis von Nickel eingesetzt.The method according to the invention is distinguished - compared to the known method - due to its easier feasibility. The rhenium produced by the process Alloys containing are of very good quality and high purity. The procedure is preferred for the production of rhenium based alloys used by nickel.

Die bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren als Vorlegierung eingesetzte Rhenium-Legierung schmilzt in einem Temperaturintervall (Solidustemperatur im Bereich von etwa 1550 °C bis 1750 °C), das unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Rheniums liegt. So schmilzt sie in der Vorschmelze, die eine Temperatur von etwa 1500 bis 1600 °C und eine Dichte von etwa 8 g/cm3 besitzt, sehr viel leichter als das in dem bekannten Verfahren benutzte gesinterte Rhenium. The rhenium alloy used as the master alloy in the process according to the invention melts in a temperature interval (solidus temperature in the range from approximately 1550 ° C. to 1750 ° C.) which is below the melting point of the rhenium. So it melts in the premelt, which has a temperature of about 1500 to 1600 ° C and a density of about 8 g / cm 3 , much more easily than the sintered rhenium used in the known method.

Die geringere Dichte der Rhenium-Vorlegierung begünstigt ihre homogene Verteilung in der Schmelze; ein Absetzen am Boden des Schmelztiegels ist nicht zu befürchten. Außerdem besitzt die Rhenium-Vorlegierung gegenüber Sauerstoff nicht die Reaktionsfreudigkeit der gesinterten Rhenium-Tabletten, so daß keine Gefahr der Bildung von Rheniumheptoxid und als Folge davon einer Verarmung der Schmelze an Rhenium besteht.The lower density of the rhenium master alloy favors its homogeneous distribution in the Melt; there is no fear of settling on the bottom of the crucible. Also owns the rhenium master alloy to oxygen does not make the sintered one more reactive Rhenium tablets, so that there is no risk of the formation of rhenium heptoxide and as a result of which there is a depletion of rhenium in the melt.

Die für das Verfahren bevorzugt als Vorlegierung eingesetzte Rhenium-Nickel-Legierung mit einer Solidustemperatur von 1620 °C läßt sich durch Erschmelzen von Nickel und Rhenium, das in bekannter Weise aus Ammoniumperrhenat durch Reduktion im Wasserstoff-Strom gewonnen wird, im Vakuum oder unter Argon, Kohlenmonoxid oder Wasserstoff als Schutzgas herstellen. Als Material für den Schmelztiegel eignen sich Graphit, Aluminiumoxid, Siliciumdioxid und Zirkoniumdioxid. Zum Erschmelzen der Legierung aus 50 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 50 Gewichts-% Nickel, die eine Dichte von etwa 15 g/cm3 aufweist, haben sich Aluminiumoxid oder Siliciumdioxid als Tiegelmaterial und Argon oder Kohlenmonoxid als Schutzgas besonders bewährt.The rhenium-nickel alloy with a solidus temperature of 1620 ° C., which is preferably used as the master alloy for the process, can be melted by melting nickel and rhenium, which is obtained in a known manner from ammonium perrhenate by reduction in a stream of hydrogen, in vacuo or under argon. Produce carbon monoxide or hydrogen as protective gas. Graphite, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium dioxide are suitable materials for the crucible. To melt the alloy of 50% by weight rhenium and 50% by weight nickel, which has a density of about 15 g / cm 3 , aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide have proven particularly suitable as crucible material and argon or carbon monoxide as protective gas.

Durch Eingießen der erschmolzenen Rhenium-Nickel-Legierung in Wasser lassen sich Granalien erzeugen, deren mechanische Festigkeit und gute Dosier- und Handhabbarkeit von Vorteil sind.Pouring the molten rhenium-nickel alloy into water removes granules generate, their mechanical strength and good dosing and handling an advantage are.

Aus Ammoniumperrhenat kann Rhenium in einer Reinheit von mehr als 99,99 % gewonnen werden. Nickel wird im allgemeinen in handelsüblicher Qualität mit einer Reinheit von 99,97 % benutzt. Sollen Superlegierungen auf Nickel-Basis für die Luftfahrt hergestellt werden, wird zur Erzeugung der Rhenium-Nickel-Vorlegierung Nickel hoher Reinheit, wie es zum Beispiel durch den Carbonyl-Prozeß, das heißt durch thermische Zersetzung von Nickeltetracarbonyl, erhalten werden kann, gewählt.Rhenium can be obtained in a purity of more than 99.99% from ammonium perrhenate will. Nickel is generally of commercial quality with a purity of 99.97% used. If super alloys are to be produced on the basis of nickel for the aviation, Production of the high-purity rhenium-nickel pre-alloy nickel, as for example by the carbonyl process, that is to say by thermal decomposition of nickel tetracarbonyl can be chosen.

Gegebenenfalls kann für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch eine solche Rhenium-Legierung als Vorlegierung eingesetzt werden, die außer Rhenium und Eisen, Kobalt bzw. Nickel noch einen Anteil an in den herzustellenden Legierungen vorgesehenen Elementen enthält.If necessary, such a rhenium alloy can also be used for the process according to the invention can be used as a master alloy, in addition to rhenium and iron, cobalt or nickel still contains a proportion of elements provided in the alloys to be produced.

Zur näheren Erläuterung wird in den folgenden Beispielen 1 und 2 die Herstellung von Rhenium-Vorlegierungen für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beschrieben. In den Beispielen wird aus Ammoniumperrhenat durch Reduktion in einem Wasserstoff-Strom bei 950 °C gewonnenes und eine Reinheit von annähernd 99,995 % aufweisendes Rhenium-Pulver und nach dem Carbonyl-Verfahren gewonnenes Nickel-Pulver mit für die Herstellung von Legierungen auf Nickel-Basis für Turbinentriebwerke üblicher Reinheit benutzt.For a more detailed explanation in the following Examples 1 and 2, the preparation of rhenium master alloys described for the method according to the invention. In the examples obtained from ammonium perrhenate by reduction in a hydrogen stream at 950 ° C and a purity of approximately 99.995% rhenium powder and after Carbonyl-obtained nickel powder for the production of nickel-based alloys used for turbine engines of normal purity.

Beispiel 1example 1 Herstellung einer Vorlegierung aus 50 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 50 Gewichts-% NickelProduction of a master alloy from 50% by weight rhenium and 50% by weight nickel

500 g Rhenium-Pulver und 500 Nickel-Pulver werden in einen Tiegel aus Siliciumdioxid gegeben und in einem Induktionsschmelzofen (4000 Hz) unter Kohlenmonoxid erhitzt. Wenn das Nickel zu schmelzen beginnt (1455 °C), wird die Temperatur stetig erhöht, bis der gesamte Tiegelinhalt geschmolzen ist. Zum Zwecke des Homogenisierens wird die Schmelze noch zwei Minuten lang bei dieser Temperatur gehalten und dann langsam in ein großes Bad kalten Wassers gegossen, wobei sich Granalien mit einer Korngröße von etwa 1,5 mm bilden. Der durch Schmelzextraktion bestimmte Sauerstoff-Gehalt der Granalien beträgt 370 ppm.500 g of rhenium powder and 500 nickel powder are placed in a silicon dioxide crucible and heated in an induction melting furnace (4000 Hz) under carbon monoxide. If that Nickel begins to melt (1455 ° C), the temperature is steadily increased until the entire Crucible contents have melted. For the purpose of homogenization, the melt becomes two more Maintained at this temperature for minutes and then slowly into a large bath of cold water poured, forming granules with a grain size of about 1.5 mm. The through Melt extraction certain oxygen content of the granules is 370 ppm.

Beispiel 2Example 2 Herstellung einer Vorlegierung aus 40 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 60 Gewichts-% NickelProduction of a master alloy from 40% by weight rhenium and 60% by weight nickel

400 g Rhenium-Pulver und 600 g Nickel-Pulver werden in einen Tiegel aus Aluminiumoxid gegeben und in einem Induktionsschmelzofen (4000 Hz) unter Argon/Wasserstoff (95 Volumen-% Argon und 5 Volumen-% Wasserstoff) entsprechend Beispiel 1 geschmolzen und zu Granalien vergossen. Die Granalien weisen einen Sauerstoff-Gehalt von 230 ppm auf.400 g of rhenium powder and 600 g of nickel powder are placed in an aluminum oxide crucible and in an induction melting furnace (4000 Hz) under argon / hydrogen (95% by volume Argon and 5% by volume of hydrogen) melted according to Example 1 and granules shed. The granules have an oxygen content of 230 ppm.

Claims (15)

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rhenium enthaltenden Legierungen unter Zusammenschmelzen der die Legierungen bildenden Bestandteile, Gießen und Erstarrenlassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Zusammenschmelzen der Bestandteil Rhenium in Form einer schmelzmetallurgisch gewonnenen Rhenium-Legierung mit einem Rhenium-Gehalt von 30 - 70 Gewichts-% eingesetzt wird.Process for the production of alloys containing rhenium by melting together the components forming the alloys, casting and solidification, characterized in that when the rhenium component is melted in Form of a rhenium alloy obtained by melting metallurgy with a rhenium content from 30 to 70% by weight is used. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Legierung aus 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Eisen, Kobalt und/oder Nickel eingesetzt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that an alloy of 30-70th % By weight of rhenium and 30-70% by weight of iron, cobalt and / or nickel are used becomes. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Rhenium-Eisen-Legierung aus 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Eisen eingesetzt wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a rhenium-iron alloy from 30 - 70% by weight rhenium and 30 - 70% by weight iron becomes. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Rhenium-Eisen-Legierung aus 50 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 50 Gewichts-% Eisen eingesetzt wird. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that a rhenium-iron alloy from 50% by weight rhenium and 50% by weight iron is used. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Rhenium-Kobalt-Legierung aus 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Kobalt eingesetzt wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a rhenium-cobalt alloy from 30 - 70% by weight rhenium and 30 - 70% by weight cobalt becomes. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Rhenium-Kobalt-Legierung aus 50 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 50 Gewichts-% Kobalt eingesetzt wird.A method according to claim 5, characterized in that a rhenium-cobalt alloy from 50% by weight rhenium and 50% by weight cobalt is used. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Rhenium-Nickel-Legierung aus 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 30 - 70 Gewichts-% Nickel eingesetzt wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a rhenium-nickel alloy made of 30 - 70% by weight rhenium and 30 - 70% by weight nickel becomes. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Rhenium-Nickel-Legierung aus 50 Gewichts-% Rhenium und 50 Gewichts-% Nickel eingesetzt wird.A method according to claim 7, characterized in that a rhenium-nickel alloy from 50% by weight rhenium and 50% by weight nickel is used. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rhenium-Legierung in Form von Granalien eingesetzt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the rhenium alloy is used in the form of granules. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rhenium-Legierung in Form von 1 - 3 Millimeter großen Granalien eingesetzt wird.A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the rhenium alloy in Form of 1 - 3 millimeter large granules is used. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine durch Erschmelzen im Vakuum erzeugte Rhenium-Legierung eingesetzt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a through Melting in vacuum created rhenium alloy is used. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine durch Erschmelzen unter Schutzgas erzeugte Rhenium-Legierung eingesetzt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a through Melting under protective gas generated rhenium alloy is used. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine in einem Tiegel aus Graphit, Aluminiumoxid, Siliciumdioxid oder Zirkoniumdioxid erschmolzene Rhenium-Legierung eingesetzt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that an in a crucible made of graphite, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide or zirconium dioxide Rhenium alloy is used. Rhenium enthaltende Legierungen auf der Basis von Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel oder einer Mischung aus mindestens zwei dieser Metalle, hergestellt durch das Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13.Alloys containing rhenium based on iron, cobalt, nickel or a mixture from at least two of these metals, produced by the process according to one of claims 1 to 13. Rhenium enthaltende Legierungen nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Legierungen auf der Basis von Nickel sind.Alloys containing rhenium according to Claim 14, characterized in that it Alloys are based on nickel.
EP98108055A 1997-05-12 1998-05-04 Process for making alloys containing rhenium Expired - Lifetime EP0878556B1 (en)

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