EP0878032B1 - Abzweigverbinder für erdkabel - Google Patents

Abzweigverbinder für erdkabel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0878032B1
EP0878032B1 EP97901683A EP97901683A EP0878032B1 EP 0878032 B1 EP0878032 B1 EP 0878032B1 EP 97901683 A EP97901683 A EP 97901683A EP 97901683 A EP97901683 A EP 97901683A EP 0878032 B1 EP0878032 B1 EP 0878032B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
branch
connector
cable
clamping
cables
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97901683A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0878032A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Francois
Eric Sauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Industrielle de Construction dAppareils et de Materiel Electriques SICAME SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Industrielle de Construction dAppareils et de Materiel Electriques SICAME SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe Industrielle de Construction dAppareils et de Materiel Electriques SICAME SAS filed Critical Societe Industrielle de Construction dAppareils et de Materiel Electriques SICAME SAS
Publication of EP0878032A1 publication Critical patent/EP0878032A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0878032B1 publication Critical patent/EP0878032B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
    • H01R4/2404—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having teeth, prongs, pins or needles penetrating the insulation
    • H01R4/2408—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having teeth, prongs, pins or needles penetrating the insulation actuated by clamping screws
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/38—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a clamping member acted on by screw or nut
    • H01R4/44—Clamping areas on both sides of screw

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a branch connector for underground cable which makes the electrical connection and mechanical of a main cable, or passing cable, of circular section or non-circular section called "sectoral” and a secondary cable, or cable derivative, of circular or sectoral section, as defined by the preamble of claim 1 (see for example FR-A-2 601 516).
  • Figure 9 shows a commonly used connection device currently in the field of underground networks and which consists essentially of metal parts, with a body 5 surmounted by a self-locking cap 6, ensuring via a pressing member 7 a mechanical and electrical connection between the cables to be interconnected, and of which the implementation is obtained by mechanical tightening, for example at by means of a screw 8, or by crimping. It follows that, to place such an underground connector, it is necessary to proceed first stripping both the branch cable and the passing cable, and then a once the connection has been made, report insulation either by insulating cover or by flexible insulating sheet.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks aforementioned by providing a branch connector requiring no stripping of the cables to be interconnected, and no insulation after the mounting.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a connector for derivation whose implementation is fast, quality and totally reassuring for the fitter. Another essential goal is to be able to guarantee perfect dielectric strength of the branch connector, like a natural positioning of the main cable without intervention inside the bundle of conductors which it may possibly contain.
  • a cable branch connector underground for electrically connecting a main cable and to the minus a branch cable, each of these cables being formed of a core metal surrounded by an insulating sheath, comprising a lower body and an upper body arranged in opposition and close together mutually by clamping, each body comprising a contact element, at least partly metallic, located in a plane transverse to an axial direction of the cables and respectively penetrating the cable insulation main and the insulator of the branch cable to come into contact with the core of these cables when the upper and lower bodies are brought together by at least one clamping means, characterized in that it further comprises a member non-conductive separation mobile located in the mediator plane of the connector and intended to allow contactless mounting between them of two derivative cables.
  • connection is made quickly without stripping cables and without requiring any positioning of the cables to be interconnected.
  • the presence of a separation at the level of the passage of the cables leads to guarantee a perfect electrical and mechanical connection of these cables while facilitating the mounting.
  • the contact element comprises on either side of its mediator plan on the one hand a group of points comprising at least two teeth oriented in a tightening direction and on the other hand two edges sharp and conductive turned obliquely towards each other so to show between them a re-entrant angle.
  • this contact element is formed of a blade of single thickness on which is mounted integrally, for example by crimping, a metal U-shaped profile, so that the workpiece obtained, due to its greater base width, has characteristics improved mechanical and thermal.
  • the non-sharp and non-perforating parts of the contact element are covered with an insulating material forming an electrical insulation joint. In this way, it is possible to guarantee very good dielectric strength of the connection which is thus perfectly isolated at the end of the merger bodies by the clamping means.
  • At least one sleeve is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the direction clamp to receive the branch cable.
  • the fitter no longer holding the derivative cable (s) when installing the connector on the main cable, which considerably simplifies the handling it must perform when connecting these cables.
  • the clamping means has a screw that goes through one of the bodies to go and screw into the other body and is provided with insulation means to cover each of the ends of this screw, so that this screw can be operated out of any active potential. Thanks to this protection, the addition of insulation after the connection is made and the no one to carry out the interconnection is no longer obliged to carry the search dressing previously essential in the event of intervention under voltage. The safety of this person (the fitter) is therefore greatly facilitated.
  • the clamping means includes a torque limiting means to ensure tightening to predetermined torque independently of the torque of tightening exerted.
  • This branch connector according to the invention further comprises a medium opening fuse which keeps the connector open during mounting and is broken during tightening.
  • This means of opening fuse is by example formed by a tab having a weakened zone intended to be broken during tightening, this tongue being integral with one of the two bodies and extending towards the other body in a cavity intended to receive it.
  • Figure 1 shows a connection made with a connector branch 1 according to the invention between a main cable 2 and a cable secondary 3.
  • the main cable also called passing cable, is of the type multifilar, with for example four bundles of wires (three phases and one neutral), each of these bundles being insulated, either by a dry insulator synthetic like poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) or polyethylene chemically crosslinked (XLPE), either with oil-impregnated paper. Blade conductor of these bundles is generally made of stranded aluminum or solid, even copper.
  • the secondary cable, also called branch cable can also be of the isolated multi-wire type.
  • Figures 2 and 3 are general views of an exemplary embodiment a branch connector according to the invention.
  • the connector shown has a lower body 10 and a body upper 12 which can be brought together, in a direction clamping, by a clamping means comprising at least one clamping screw 14 crossing, at the mediator plane P of the connector, one of these body to go and screw into the other.
  • Each upper and lower body which is preferably made of an insulating material, such as a crystalline thermoplastic loaded with glass fibers or a plastic material, is equipped with a contact element 16, 18 intended, when the connector is installed, to ensure electrical contact between the two cables to interconnect and which is covered in a central part 20, 22 and end parts 19, 21, corresponding to non-perforating or non-perforating zones sharp of these elements, of a thermoplastic elastomeric material (by rubber example) forming an electrical insulation joint.
  • this insulating material By use of this insulating material, it is possible to guarantee very good resistance dielectric of the connection which is thus perfectly isolated.
  • sleeves 24, 26 for receiving the branch cable advantageously made in a transparent plastic material, are available on both sides upper or lower bodies, in a direction perpendicular to the tightening direction, and are integral with one of them, for example the upper body 12.
  • the unused sleeve can be closed with a plug 28, 30.
  • this connector can also be used in the in case of simultaneous use of two branch cables, subject add a movable central separation plate to this connector conductive 70 (see Figure 8 which shows in perspective a connector fitted with such a plate).
  • this initially raised plate does not can be lowered into the passage of the branch cable only if these are suitably inserted into their respective sleeves.
  • a device for holding the branched cable in position, of the needle screw type 32 (which can also be made of synthetic material), can be fixed on each of these sleeves to ensure better centering and better cable holding.
  • Insulation accessories 34, 36 can also be provided at each end of the clamping screw 14, in each of these two bodies, to prevent any direct contact (in particular by the fitter) with this clamping screw.
  • a torque limiter 38 placed at the head of the clamping screw to guarantee tightening at predetermined torque, regardless of the torque tightening exerted (the retaining screws can also be of the rupture type predetermined), and an opening fuse block, formed for example of a tongue 40 fixed to one of the bodies, extending in the tightening direction in a cavity intended to receive it, and having a zone weakening 42 which is broken during tightening, to define a minimum opening distance between the two connector bodies and thus keep it open during assembly operations prior to this tightening.
  • a preferred embodiment of the contact element is shown in more detail in FIGS. 4,5 and 6. It is in the form of a single blade 50 of metal (at least in its sharp and perforating parts) , for example copper of the tinned CuA1 type, possibly having undergone a surface treatment, situated in a transverse plane with respect to the axial direction of the cables to be connected, preferably perpendicular to this direction, and comprising on either side of its mediating plane on the one hand a group of points 52 oriented in the clamping direction and on the other hand two cutting and conducting edges 54, 56 turned one towards the other obliquely, so as to make an angle appear between them returning a.
  • a single blade 50 of metal for example copper of the tinned CuA1 type, possibly having undergone a surface treatment, situated in a transverse plane with respect to the axial direction of the cables to be connected, preferably perpendicular to this direction, and comprising on either side of its mediating plane on the one hand a group of points 52 oriented in the
  • Each assembly, spikes or edges, is intended with the identical assembly opposite to ensure contact with the cables to be interconnected, the edges allowing the entry of a main cable of the “sectoral” type.
  • the points which are at least two in number (in the example illustrated the group of points comprises five points) preferably have their ends arranged in a reentrant arc of a circle to allow a better grip of a derived circular cable.
  • the number of teeth is chosen according to both the intensity of the current which must pass through the connector and the diameter of the cable to be connected.
  • edges are preferably curved along a convex path, for example in circular sectors (as in FIG. 4) over approximately 90 °, and they are placed so that the spacing between the centers C 1 , C 2 of these sectors in 1/4 of a circle is equal to or slightly greater than twice their radius.
  • Each edge is formed by the intersection of two faces 58a, 58b forming an angle of about 90 ° between them. Note, however, that these edges could just as easily be formed of straight sectors.
  • the parts of the contact element 60, 62, 64 arranged between and outside its two perforating 52 and cutting 54, 56 parts are covered with the insulating material to form an electrical insulation joint once the connection has been established.
  • a more conventional structure with two groups of points or blade is also possible.
  • the blade 50 which is advantageously produced by cutting a standard metal strip, according to classic and inexpensive techniques, can be fitted with a profile metallic U-shaped 66 (see Figures 7a and 7b) crimped 68 on this blade.
  • This blade-profile association which has the effect of providing a base for this blade (a blade foot) very wide without resorting to a significantly more manufacturing complex of a single piece in the shape of an inverted T, allows an outfit improved mechanics and increased heat dissipation capacity.
  • the installation of the connector in the case of a connection with a single cable is as follows. First the connector being in position loosening, the branched cable is introduced into a sleeve 26 of the connector, after having previously removed the plug 30, until its appearance in abutment in the opposite sleeve 28 and holding this cable in position by its needle retaining screw 32 (the rupture of this screw will mean that the cable is correctly immobilized). The remaining connector open due to the presence of the fuse block, it can therefore be easily positioned on the main cable then tightened by means of screw 14. In addition, the particular configuration of the sectors allows, by self-centering, natural positioning of the connector on the main cable.
  • the tightening will first cause the rupture of the fuse block 40 then the perforation simultaneous main cable and secondary branch cable, until contact with the conductive core of these cables, without any stripping being to be carried out and without the fitter being in contact with any metal parts (the clamping screw is notably protected by the insulation accessories 34, 36). Failure of the clamping screw 14 will signal to this fitter that the connector became operational.
  • the connector In the case of a connection with two branched cables, the connector also being initially in the release position, after removing the two plugs 28 and 30, the first branch cable is introduced until it crosses the connector completely and therefore appear through the sleeves 24 and 26. Then, the second branch cable is in turn introduced into the connector on the opposite side, pushing the previous one until presenting a comparable insertion length in the connector. This is verified by the action on the movable plate 70 which cannot be suitably pressed only if it fits perfectly between the two ends opposite of the two branch cables. These cables can then be maintained fixedly without contact between them by the needle screws 32.
  • the advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that during this connection operation no active potential (in case of work under tension) or even floating (ie likely to come into contact with active potential) is not directly accessible to the fitter.
  • the fuse block opening also significantly facilitates assembly because, in now constantly open the connector, it saves the fitter from having to simultaneously perform this holding and positioning on the cable main.
  • the torque limiter makes it possible to guarantee a torque of constant tightening regardless of who performed the interconnection.
  • the connector thus ensures the electrical, mechanical connection and insulation of the electrical connection both by its own insulating nature and by the intermediary of the rubber parts covering the non-sharp parts or perforating contact blades.

Landscapes

  • Connections By Means Of Piercing Elements, Nuts, Or Screws (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Abzweigverbinder für ein Erdkabel, der es ermöglicht, ein Hauptkabel (2) elektrisch mit mindestens einem Abzweigkabel (3) zu verbinden, wobei jedes dieser Kabel aus einer von einer Isolierhülle umgebenen Metallseele gebildet wird, der einen unteren Körper (10) und einen oberen Körper (12) aufweist, die einander gegenüber angeordnet sind und durch Zusammenziehen einander angenähert werden, wobei jeder Körper ein zumindest teilweise metallisches Kontaktelement (16, 18; 50) aufweist, das sich in Bezug auf eine axiale Richtung der Kabel in einer Querebene befindet und die Isolierung des Hauptkabels bzw. die Isolierung des Abzweigkabels durchdringt, um mit der Seele dieser Kabel in Kontakt zu gelangen, wenn der obere und der untere Körper durch mindestens ein Anziehmittel (14) einander angenähert werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er außerdem ein nicht-leitendes, bewegliches Trennorgan (70) aufweist, das sich in der Mittelebene des Verbinders befindet und eine Montage zweier Abzweigkabeln ohne Kontakt miteinander ermöglicht.
  2. Abzweigverbinder für ein Erdkabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kontaktelement von einem Messer (50) mit einer einzigen Stärke gebildet wird, auf das zum Beispiel durch Aufquetschen fest mit ihm verbunden ein U-förmiges, metallisches Profilteil (66) montiert ist, so daß das so erhaltene Bauteil aufgrund seiner größeren Basisbreite verbesserte mechanische und thermische Eigenschaften aufweist.
  3. Abzweigverbinder für ein Erdkabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kontaktelement zu beiden Seiten seiner Mittelebene einerseits eine Gruppe von Zacken (52), die mindestens zwei Zähne aufweisen, welche in einer Anziehrichtung ausgerichtet sind, und andererseits zwei schneidende und leitende Kanten (54, 56) aufweist, die schräg zueinander angeordnet sind, um zwischen sich einen einspringenden Winkel zu bilden.
  4. Abzweigverbinder für ein Erdkabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er außerdem mindestens eine Manschette (26, 28) aufweist, vorteilhafterweise aus einem durchsichtigen Material, die in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Anziehrichtung angeordnet ist, um das Abzweigkabel (3) aufzunehmen und zu halten.
  5. Abzweigverbinder für ein Erdkabel nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er weiter Halteschrauben (32), vorzugsweise Stellschrauben, für das oder die Abzweigkabel aufweist, die an jeder Manschette (26, 28) befestigt sind.
  6. Abzweigverbinder für ein Erdkabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der nicht-schneidende und der nichtdurchbohrende Bereich (60, 62, 64) des Kontaktelements mit einem isolierenden Material (19-22) bedeckt sind, das eine elektrisch isolierende Dichtung bildet.
  7. Abzweigverbinder für ein Erdkabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Anziehmittel eine Schraube (14) aufweist, die einen der Körper (12) durchquert, um sich in den anderen Körper (10) einzuschrauben, und die mit Isolierungsmitteln (34, 36) versehen ist, um jedes der Enden dieser Schraube (14) zu bedecken, so daß diese Schraube (14) außerhalb jedes aktiven Potentials betätigt werden kann.
  8. Abzweigverbinder für ein Erdkabel nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Anziehmittel einen Drehmomentbegrenzer (38) aufweist, um ein Anziehen mit vorbestimmtem Drehmoment unabhängig vom ausgeübten Anzieh-Drehmoment zu gewährleisten.
  9. Abzweigverbinder für ein Erdkabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er außerdem eine Öffnungssicherung (40, 42) aufweist, die den Verbinder während der Montage offen hält und beim Anziehen zerbrochen wird.
  10. Abzweigverbinder für ein Erdkabel nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnungssicherung von einer Zunge (40) gebildet wird, die eine schwächere Zone (42) aufweist, welche beim Anziehen zerbrochen wird, wobei diese Zunge fest mit einem der beiden Körper verbunden ist und sich in Richtung des anderen Körpers in einen für sie bestimmten Hohlraum erstreckt.
EP97901683A 1996-01-29 1997-01-28 Abzweigverbinder für erdkabel Expired - Lifetime EP0878032B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9600980 1996-01-29
FR9600980A FR2744289B1 (fr) 1996-01-29 1996-01-29 Connecteur de derivation pour cable souterrain
PCT/FR1997/000162 WO1997028578A1 (fr) 1996-01-29 1997-01-28 Connecteur de derivation pour cable souterrain

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0878032A1 EP0878032A1 (de) 1998-11-18
EP0878032B1 true EP0878032B1 (de) 1999-09-08

Family

ID=9488546

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97901683A Expired - Lifetime EP0878032B1 (de) 1996-01-29 1997-01-28 Abzweigverbinder für erdkabel

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US6086406A (de)
EP (1) EP0878032B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE184427T1 (de)
AU (1) AU716555B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2242379C (de)
DE (1) DE69700498T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2137047T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2744289B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3031740T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1997028578A1 (de)

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EP0954887A1 (de) * 1997-01-22 1999-11-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Anschlussvorrichtung für mindestens eine nicht abisolierte leitung
FR2790873B1 (fr) * 1999-03-08 2001-04-20 Michaud Sa Connecteur pour cables electriques a perforation d'isolant
FR2794902B1 (fr) * 1999-06-03 2001-07-20 Framatome Connectors Int Connecteur de derivation compact d'au moins un cable de derivation de neutre sur un cable principal de neutre et mise a la terre simultanee
FR2794901B1 (fr) 1999-06-03 2001-07-20 Framatome Connectors Int Connecteur de derivation compact d'au moins un cable de derivation sur un cable principal
US7131856B2 (en) * 2005-03-04 2006-11-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Intermeshing insulation-piercing elements for an insulation-piercing connector
US7997943B2 (en) * 2006-05-18 2011-08-16 Tyco Electronics Corporation Transverse wedge connector
US7677933B2 (en) * 2006-05-18 2010-03-16 Tyco Electronics Corporation Stirrup-type power utility electrical connector assemblies
US7387546B2 (en) * 2006-05-18 2008-06-17 Tyco Electronics Corporation Combination wedge tap connector having a visual alignment indicator
US7309263B2 (en) * 2006-05-18 2007-12-18 Tyco Electronics Corporation Combination wedge tap connector
US7862390B2 (en) * 2007-05-16 2011-01-04 Tyco Electronics Corporation Power utility connector with a plurality of conductor receiving channels
US7494385B2 (en) * 2007-05-16 2009-02-24 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electrical connector with a wedge and lubricant
US7819706B2 (en) * 2007-08-29 2010-10-26 Tyco Electronics Corporation Wedge tap connector
US7736203B2 (en) * 2007-08-29 2010-06-15 Tyco Electronics Corporation Wedge connector assembly
US8025521B2 (en) * 2008-07-01 2011-09-27 Hubbell Incorporated Electrical connector
WO2010044111A1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2010-04-22 Mat S.P.A. Clamp for a male terminal
FR2977384B1 (fr) * 2011-06-28 2013-08-02 App Mat Elect Const Connecteur pour relier l'un a l'autre deux cables electriques
FR2998424B1 (fr) * 2012-11-22 2015-01-02 App Mat Elect Const Connecteur a perforation d'isolant pour relier l'un a l'autre un premier et un deuxieme cable electrique, gamme de plusieurs tels connecteurs et procede la mettant en œuvre
US9331401B2 (en) 2014-02-12 2016-05-03 Hubbell Incorporated Multi-tap piercing connector
US9742350B2 (en) * 2014-03-28 2017-08-22 Sunrun South Llc Solar panel grounding lug assemblies and systems
WO2017023969A1 (en) * 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 Electric Motion Company, Inc. Locatable duct tracer wire bonding connector

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US3118715A (en) * 1962-06-19 1964-01-21 Lumidor Products Corp Connector for bridging insulated wires
US3688246A (en) * 1968-06-06 1972-08-29 John A Toedtman Electrical connector with insulation-piercing contact pins
FR2566191B1 (fr) * 1984-06-15 1986-11-14 Sicame Sa Connecteur de derivation isole pour cables electriques
FR2601516B2 (fr) * 1984-06-15 1988-08-05 Sicame Sa Connecteur de derivation isole pour cables electriques
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FR2631491B1 (fr) * 1988-05-13 1991-12-06 Sicame Sa Cale pour connecteur electrique de derivation, et connecteur electrique de derivation comportant une telle cale
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JP3113132B2 (ja) * 1993-10-20 2000-11-27 ミネソタ マイニング アンド マニュファクチャリング カンパニー 接続子
FI93596C (fi) * 1993-11-30 1995-04-25 Sekko Ab Oy Päällystetyn avojohdon tiivis pääte

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2242379C (en) 2006-01-03
FR2744289A1 (fr) 1997-08-01
US6086406A (en) 2000-07-11
ATE184427T1 (de) 1999-09-15
CA2242379A1 (en) 1997-08-07
EP0878032A1 (de) 1998-11-18
DE69700498D1 (de) 1999-10-14
DE69700498T2 (de) 2000-01-13
ES2137047T3 (es) 1999-12-01
GR3031740T3 (en) 2000-02-29
AU716555B2 (en) 2000-03-02
FR2744289B1 (fr) 1998-04-30
WO1997028578A1 (fr) 1997-08-07
AU1549997A (en) 1997-08-22

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