EP0873385A1 - Vegetable oil-based lubricants for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Vegetable oil-based lubricants for internal combustion engines

Info

Publication number
EP0873385A1
EP0873385A1 EP96919881A EP96919881A EP0873385A1 EP 0873385 A1 EP0873385 A1 EP 0873385A1 EP 96919881 A EP96919881 A EP 96919881A EP 96919881 A EP96919881 A EP 96919881A EP 0873385 A1 EP0873385 A1 EP 0873385A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant
dispersant
internal combustion
antioxidant
vegetable oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96919881A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0873385B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Luc Sagnes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PARTINTER
Original Assignee
Technologique De Lubrifiants Ste
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technologique De Lubrifiants Ste filed Critical Technologique De Lubrifiants Ste
Publication of EP0873385A1 publication Critical patent/EP0873385A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0873385B1 publication Critical patent/EP0873385B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
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    • C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
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    • C10M2205/026—Butene
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    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
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    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
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    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
    • C10M2207/4045—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species used as base material
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
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    • C10M2215/066—Arylene diamines
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    • C10M2215/067—Polyaryl amine alkanes
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    • C10M2215/068—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having amino groups bound to polycyclic aromatic ring systems, i.e. systems with three or more condensed rings
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    • C10M2215/086—Imides
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    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
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    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28—Rotary engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to lubricants for internal combustion engines.
  • the known lubricants used conventionally in internal combustion engines are based on mineral or synthetic oils, and do not contain vegetable oil.
  • Natural vegetable oils have an oleic acid content of around 60% at most, and a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids which resist very poorly at the high operating temperatures of an internal combustion engine and which oxidize rapidly. , resulting in thermal shock and stirring as a considerable increase in viscosity, which can go as far as hardening of the oil. These vegetable oils are therefore not suitable for sustainable use in internal combustion engines.
  • a vegetable oil with a high oleic acid content for example a sunflower oil obtained from the crushing of oleic sunflower seeds, has an excellent resistance to oxidation at temperatures of the order of those of the operation of combustion engines. internally due to oleic acid or monounsaturated fatty acid.
  • vegetable oleic oils still contain a quantity of non-oleic polyunsaturated fatty acids, of the order of 20% currently, which do not withstand high temperatures. Therefore, these oils are not directly usable as a lubricant in internal combustion engines.
  • the invention relates to a lubricant based on vegetable oil for internal combustion engine, capable of fulfilling functions similar to that of a conventional lubricant based on mineral or synthetic oil for internal combustion engine.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant based on vegetable oil for an internal combustion engine of a low cost compatible with the market of industrial lubricants.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant of higher quality than that of conventional synthetic lubricants, at a lower cost price.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a lubricant which can be burned, after use as a lubricant in the combustion chamber (s) of an engine.
  • the invention consists of a lubricant for an internal combustion engine characterized in that it comprises a vegetable oil whose oleic acid content is greater than 77%, at least one first antioxidant consisting of an alkylselenium , a first dispersant, a pour point improver, and a detergent.
  • said vegetable oil is a sunflower oil.
  • the lubricant according to the invention comprises a second antioxidant different from said first antioxidant.
  • the second antioxidant consists, according to another advantageous characteristic, of alkylated diphenyla ine.
  • the addition of a second antioxidant different from the first makes it possible to create a synergistic effect with the first antioxidant.
  • the addition of an alkylated diphenylamine advantageously makes it possible to reduce the cost price of the antioxidant.
  • said first dispersant is a polymethacrylate.
  • the polymethacrylate also advantageously makes it possible to improve the viscosity when hot and to perform the function of improving the pour point of the lubricant according to the invention.
  • the lubricant according to the invention comprises a polybutene in order to allow said lubricant, once used, to be burned in the combustion chamber or chambers of an engine.
  • Polybutene advantageously makes it possible to burn the used lubricant, after draining, in the fuel of the vehicle, for example.
  • certain polymethacrylates, the molecular weight of which is relatively large are generators of varnish on the pistons of an internal combustion engine, could not therefore allow the use of the used lubricant in the fuel of a vehicle. ⁇ to be burned in the combustion chambers.
  • the lubricant according to the present alternative once used, that is to say after having served for example in a vehicle for 10,000 to 15,000 km as engine lubricant, can advantageously be introduced into the vehicle's fuel tank and be burned in the engine combustion chamber with fuel.
  • the lubricant according to the invention comprises a second dispersant different from said first dispersant. This characteristic makes it possible to obtain a synergistic effect of the two dispersants in order to improve the dispersing effect.
  • the lubricant according to the invention comprises a non-polar base.
  • Oleic vegetable oil is highly polar, which allows excellent fixation of the oil molecules on the metal parts of the engine and a reduction in the wear of these.
  • the non-polar base for example a synthetic base, in particular a polyalphaolephine, makes it possible to slightly reduce this effect in order to improve the action of the additives, and in particular of the dispersant additive (s).
  • the first general example of a lubricant according to the invention adopts the following volume composition, with an oleic sunflower oil as vegetable oil: oleic sunflower oil: 40% to 85 %, alkylselenium: 0.1% to 0.5%, alkylated diphenylamine: 0.2% to 3%, polymethacrylate: 3% to 15%, non-polar base: 5% to 20%, conventional additive mixture: 5 % to 25%.
  • oleic sunflower oil 40% to 85 %
  • alkylselenium 0.1% to 0.5%
  • alkylated diphenylamine 0.2% to 3%
  • polymethacrylate 3% to 15%
  • non-polar base 5% to 20%
  • conventional additive mixture 5 % to 25%.
  • the lubricant composition according to the invention can be mixed with a basic mineral oil or the like used in conventional lubricants for internal combustion engines, this with the essential aim of lowering the cost price lubricant depending on the use of the lubricant.
  • the mixture of conventional additives will be detailed below using specific examples.
  • polymethacrylate exercises in the above composition the main function of dispersant, and secondary of hot viscosity improver and pour point improver allowing a pour point greater than -30 ° C. . It will be understood that the content of polymethacrylate will essentially depend on the viscosity desired for the lubricating composition.
  • the first particular example is a lubricant of viscosity S AE 5W40 more particularly suitable for use in internal combustion engines running on petrol;
  • the lubricant comprises 68.4% by volume of oleic sunflower oil, the oleic acid content of which is greater than 77% by volume, 0.3% by volume of alkylselenium, for example Oloa® 250, as the first anti oxidant, 0.5% by volume of alkylated diphenylamine, for example Oloa® 4860, as a second antioxidant, 9% by volume of a relatively large molecular weight polymethacrylate, for example Viscoplex® 6.050 , as the first dispersant, 12% by volume of a polyalphaolefin with a cine ⁇ matic viscosity of 4 centistokes at 100 ° C as a non-polar base, 9.8% of a mixture of additives available in the commercial, for example Oloa® 4155, usually used as a mixture of additives to mineral or synthetic oils
  • the mixture of additives Oloa® 4155 is known to the manufacturer of conventional lubricants. base of mineral or synthetic oil for internal combustion engine, and will therefore not be described in more detail here. It should be noted that the dispersant of the Oloa® 4155 mixture is advantageously different from the first dispersant.
  • the second particular example is a lubricant of viscosity SAE 10W40 more particularly suitable for use in diesel engines;
  • the lubricant comprises 59.7% by volume of oleic sunflower oil whose oleic acid content is greater than 77% by volume, 0.3% by volume of alkylselenium, for example Oloa® 250, as the first anti -oxidant, 0.5% by volume of alkylated diphenylamine, for example Oloa® 4860, as second antioxidant, 5% by volume of a relatively large molecular weight polymethacrylate, for example Viscoplex® 6.050 , as the first dispersant, 15% by volume of a polyalphaolefin with a cine ⁇ matic viscosity of 4 centistokes at 100 ° C as a non-polar base, 19.5% of a mixture of additives available commercially, for example Oloa® 8900, usually used as a mixture of additives to mineral or synthetic oils for the manufacture of conventional lubricants for
  • the mixture of additives Oloa® 8900 is known to the manufacturer of conventional lubricants based on mineral or synthetic oil for diesel engines, and will therefore not be described in more detail here. It should be noted that the dispersant of the Oloa® 8900 mixture is advantageously different from the first dispersant.
  • the second general example of a lubricant according to the invention adopts the following volume composition, with an oleic sunflower oil as vegetable oil: oleic sunflower oil: 40% to 85 %, alkylselenium: 0.1% to 0.5%, alkylated diphenylamine: 0.2% to 3%, polybutene: 4% to 15%, succinide: 0.1% to 3%, polymethacrylate: 0.1% 0.8%, non-polar base: 5% to 20%, conventional additive mixture: 5% to 25%.
  • the polybutene performs the function of improving viscosity, and allows the lubricating composition, once used, to be burned in the combustion chamber or chambers of an engine.
  • the lubricant comprises 57.7% by volume of oleic sunflower oil, the content of which oleic acid is greater than 77% by volume, 0.3% by volume of alkylselenium, for example Oloa® 250, as the first antioxidant, 0.5% by volume of alkylated diphenylamine, for example Oloa® 4860, as second antioxidant, 10% by volume of a po ⁇ lybutene, for example Oloa® 9350, 2% by volume of succinimide, for example Lubrizol® 6418, as first dispersant, 0.7% of a relatively low molecular weight polymethacrylate, for example Viscoplex® 1-200, as pour point improver, 10% by volume of a polyalphaolefin with a kinematic viscosity of 4 centistokes at 100 ° C as a non-polar base, 19.5% of a mixture of conventional additives
  • the lubricant described above can advantageously be burned in the combustion chambers of an engine, in the pure state or diluted in the fuel.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

An internal combustion engine lubricant contains a vegetable oil with an oleic acid content of more than 77 %, at least one first alkylselenium antioxidant, a first dispersant, a pour point depressant and a detergent, wherein said lubricant may advantageously contain polybutene, which allows the used lubricant to be burned in the combustion chamber(s) of the engine.

Description

LUBRIFIANTS A BASE D'HUILE VEGETALE, POUR MOTEURS A COMBUSTION INTERNE LUBRICANTS, BASED ON VEGETABLE OIL, FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
La présente invention se rapporte aux lubrifiants pour moteur à combustion interne. Les lubrifiants connues et utilisés de manière conventionnelle dans les moteurs à com¬ bustion interne sont à base d'huiles minérales ou synthétiques, et ne comportent pas d'huile végétale.The present invention relates to lubricants for internal combustion engines. The known lubricants used conventionally in internal combustion engines are based on mineral or synthetic oils, and do not contain vegetable oil.
Les intérêts d'un lubrifiant pour moteur à combustion interne à base d'huile végétale sont pourtant multiples et très importants : en effet, on retiendra pour les principaux que de tels lubrifiants permettraient une diminution notable de la pollution, notamment par leur ca¬ ractéristique de biodégradabilité, et par conséquent un respect de l'environnement, et une di¬ minution de l'usure des pièces mécaniques soumises à des frottements ou des roulements dans le moteur. On notera également un avantage économique, pour de tels lubrifiants, dans le domaine de l'agriculture pour lequel des terres en jachère pourraient être utilisées à la pro- duction des végétaux nécessaires à la fabrication du lubrifiant.The interests of a lubricant for internal combustion engine based on vegetable oil are however multiple and very important: indeed, it will be remembered for the main ones that such lubricants would allow a significant reduction in pollution, in particular by their characteristics biodegradability, and therefore respect for the environment, and a reduction in the wear of mechanical parts subjected to friction or bearings in the engine. An economic advantage will also be noted, for such lubricants, in the field of agriculture for which fallow land could be used for the production of the plants necessary for the manufacture of the lubricant.
Les huiles végétales naturelles possèdent une teneur en acide oléique de l'ordre de 60% au plus, et une forte teneur en acide gras polyinsaturés qui résistent très mal aux températures élevées de fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne et qui s'oxydent rapidement, entraînant au fur et à mesure des chocs thermiques et du brassage une augmentation considé- rable de la viscosité, pouvant aller jusqu'au durcissement de l'huile. Ces huiles végétales ne conviennent donc pas pour un usage durable dans les moteurs à combustion interne.Natural vegetable oils have an oleic acid content of around 60% at most, and a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids which resist very poorly at the high operating temperatures of an internal combustion engine and which oxidize rapidly. , resulting in thermal shock and stirring as a considerable increase in viscosity, which can go as far as hardening of the oil. These vegetable oils are therefore not suitable for sustainable use in internal combustion engines.
Une huile végétale à forte teneur en acide oléique, par exemple une huile de tournesol issue de la trituration des graines de tournesol oléique, possède une excellente résistance à l'oxydation à des températures de l'ordre de celles du fonctionnement des moteurs à combus- tion interne, en raison de l'acide oléique ou acide gras monoinsaturé. Toutefois, les huiles vé¬ gétales oléiques comportent encore une quantité d'acides gras polyinsaturés non oléique, de l'ordre de 20% actuellement, qui ne résistent pas aux températures élevées. De ce fait, ces huiles ne sont pas directement utilisables en tant que lubrifiant dans les moteurs à combustion interne. L'invention se rapporte à un lubrifiant à base d'huile végétale pour moteur à combustion interne, apte à remplir des fonctions similaires à celles d'un lubrifiant conventionnel à base d'huile minérale ou synthétique pour moteur à combustion interne.A vegetable oil with a high oleic acid content, for example a sunflower oil obtained from the crushing of oleic sunflower seeds, has an excellent resistance to oxidation at temperatures of the order of those of the operation of combustion engines. internally due to oleic acid or monounsaturated fatty acid. However, vegetable oleic oils still contain a quantity of non-oleic polyunsaturated fatty acids, of the order of 20% currently, which do not withstand high temperatures. Therefore, these oils are not directly usable as a lubricant in internal combustion engines. The invention relates to a lubricant based on vegetable oil for internal combustion engine, capable of fulfilling functions similar to that of a conventional lubricant based on mineral or synthetic oil for internal combustion engine.
Un autre objet de la présente invention est de fournir un lubrifiant à base d'huile végétale pour moteur à combustion interne d'un faible coût compatible avec le marché des lubrifiants industriels.Another object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant based on vegetable oil for an internal combustion engine of a low cost compatible with the market of industrial lubricants.
Un autre objet de la présente invention est de proposer un lubrifiant de qualité supérieure à celle des lubrifiants de synthèse conventionnels, à un coût de revient moindre.Another object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant of higher quality than that of conventional synthetic lubricants, at a lower cost price.
Un autre objet de l'invention est de proposer un lubrifiant pouvant être brûlé, après usage en tant que lubrifiant, dans la ou les chambres de combustion d'un moteur.Another object of the invention is to provide a lubricant which can be burned, after use as a lubricant in the combustion chamber (s) of an engine.
Plus précisément, l'invention consiste en un lubrifiant pour moteur à combustion interne caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une huile végétale dont la teneur en acide oléique est supé¬ rieure à 77%, au moins un premier anti-oxydant constitué par un alkylselenium, un premier dispersant, un améliorant de point d'écoulement, et un détergent.More specifically, the invention consists of a lubricant for an internal combustion engine characterized in that it comprises a vegetable oil whose oleic acid content is greater than 77%, at least one first antioxidant consisting of an alkylselenium , a first dispersant, a pour point improver, and a detergent.
Selon une caractéristique avantageuse, ladite huile végétale est une huile de tournesol. Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse, le lubrifiant suivant l'invention comprend un deuxième anti-oxydant différent dudit premier anti-oxydant. Le deuxième anti-oxydant est constitué, selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse, par du diphényla ine alkylé. L'adjonction d'un deuxième anti-oxydant différent du premier permet de créer un effet de sy¬ nergie avec le premier anti-oxydant. De plus, l'adjonction d'un diphénylamine alkylé permet avantageusement de diminuer le coût de revient de l' anti-oxydant.According to an advantageous characteristic, said vegetable oil is a sunflower oil. According to another advantageous characteristic, the lubricant according to the invention comprises a second antioxidant different from said first antioxidant. The second antioxidant consists, according to another advantageous characteristic, of alkylated diphenyla ine. The addition of a second antioxidant different from the first makes it possible to create a synergistic effect with the first antioxidant. In addition, the addition of an alkylated diphenylamine advantageously makes it possible to reduce the cost price of the antioxidant.
Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse, ledit premier dispersant est un polymétha- crylate. Le polyméthacrylate permet en outre avantageusement d'améliorer la viscosité à chaud et d'assurer la fonction d'améliorant de point d'écoulement du lubrifiant selon l'inven¬ tion.According to another advantageous characteristic, said first dispersant is a polymethacrylate. The polymethacrylate also advantageously makes it possible to improve the viscosity when hot and to perform the function of improving the pour point of the lubricant according to the invention.
Selon une caractéristique avantageuse et une alternative à la caractéristique ci-dessus, le lubrifiant suivant l'invention comprend un polybutene afin de permettre au dit lubrifiant, une fois usagé, d'être brûlé dans la ou les chambres de combustion d'un moteur. Le polybutene permet avantageusement de brûler le lubrifiant usagé, après vidange, dans le carburant du vé¬ hicule par exemple. En effet, certains polyméthacrylates, dont le poids moléculaire est relati¬ vement important, sont générateurs de vernis sur les pistons d'un moteur à combustion inter¬ ne, ne pourraient donc permettre l'utilisation du lubrifiant usagé dans le carburant d'un véhi¬ cule pour être brûlé dans les chambres de combustion. Le lubrifiant selon la présente alterna- tive, une fois usagé, c'est à dire après avoir par exemple servi dans un véhicule pendant 10000 à 15000 Km en tant que lubrifiant moteur, peut avantageusement être introduit dans le réservoir de carburant du véhicule et être brûlé dans la chambre de combustion du moteur avec le carburant.According to an advantageous characteristic and an alternative to the above characteristic, the lubricant according to the invention comprises a polybutene in order to allow said lubricant, once used, to be burned in the combustion chamber or chambers of an engine. Polybutene advantageously makes it possible to burn the used lubricant, after draining, in the fuel of the vehicle, for example. In fact, certain polymethacrylates, the molecular weight of which is relatively large, are generators of varnish on the pistons of an internal combustion engine, could not therefore allow the use of the used lubricant in the fuel of a vehicle. ¬ to be burned in the combustion chambers. The lubricant according to the present alternative, once used, that is to say after having served for example in a vehicle for 10,000 to 15,000 km as engine lubricant, can advantageously be introduced into the vehicle's fuel tank and be burned in the engine combustion chamber with fuel.
Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse, le lubrifiant selon l'invention comprend un deuxième dispersant différent dudit premier dispersant. Cette caractéristique permet d'obtenir un effet de synergie des deux dispersants afin d'améliorer l'effet dispersant.According to another advantageous characteristic, the lubricant according to the invention comprises a second dispersant different from said first dispersant. This characteristic makes it possible to obtain a synergistic effect of the two dispersants in order to improve the dispersing effect.
Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse, le lubrifiant selon l'invention comprend une base non polaire. L'huile végétale oléique est fortement polaire se qui permet une excellente fixation des molécules d'huile sur les parties métalliques du moteur et une diminution de l'u- sure de celles-ci. La base non polaire, par exemple une base synthétique, notamment un po- lyalphaoléphine, permet de diminuer légèrement cet effet afin d'améliorer l'action des addi¬ tifs, et notamment du ou des additifs dispersant.According to another advantageous characteristic, the lubricant according to the invention comprises a non-polar base. Oleic vegetable oil is highly polar, which allows excellent fixation of the oil molecules on the metal parts of the engine and a reduction in the wear of these. The non-polar base, for example a synthetic base, in particular a polyalphaolephine, makes it possible to slightly reduce this effect in order to improve the action of the additives, and in particular of the dispersant additive (s).
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui suit de deux exemples généraux comprenant trois exemples particuliers de composition lubrifiante selon l'invention, exemples donnés à titre d'illustration et sans qu'aucune interprétation restrictive de l'invention ne puisse en être tiré.The invention will be better understood, and other characteristics and advantages will become apparent. reading the description which follows of two general examples comprising three particular examples of lubricant composition according to the invention, examples given by way of illustration and without any restrictive interpretation of the invention being able to be drawn therefrom.
Le premier exemple général d'un lubrifiant selon l'invention, dont deux exemples parti- culiers suivent, adopte la composition en volume suivante, avec une huile de tournesol oléique en tant qu'huile végétale : huile de tournesol oléique : 40% à 85%, alkylselenium : 0,1% à 0,5%, diphénylamine alkylé : 0,2% à 3%, polyméthacrylate : 3% à 15%, base non polaire : 5% à 20%, mélange d'additifs conventionnel : 5% à 25%.The first general example of a lubricant according to the invention, two particular examples of which follow, adopts the following volume composition, with an oleic sunflower oil as vegetable oil: oleic sunflower oil: 40% to 85 %, alkylselenium: 0.1% to 0.5%, alkylated diphenylamine: 0.2% to 3%, polymethacrylate: 3% to 15%, non-polar base: 5% to 20%, conventional additive mixture: 5 % to 25%.
La composition lubrifiante selon l'invention, et notamment celle indiquée ci-dessus, peut être mélangée avec une huile minérale de base ou analogue utilisée dans les lubrifiants conventionnels pour moteurs à combustion interne, ceci dans le but essentiel d'abaisser le coût de revient du lubrifiant en fonction de l'usage de celui-ci. Le mélange d'additifs conven¬ tionnel sera détaillé ci-dessous à l'aide des exemples particuliers.The lubricant composition according to the invention, and in particular that indicated above, can be mixed with a basic mineral oil or the like used in conventional lubricants for internal combustion engines, this with the essential aim of lowering the cost price lubricant depending on the use of the lubricant. The mixture of conventional additives will be detailed below using specific examples.
Il est à noter que le polyméthacrylate exerce dans la composition ci-dessus la fonction principale de dispersant, et secondaire d'améliorant de viscosité à chaud et d'améliorant de point d'écoulement permettant un point d'écoulement supérieur à -30°C. On comprendra que la teneur en polyméthacrylate dépendra essentiellement de la viscosité désirée pour la compo¬ sition lubrifiante.It should be noted that the polymethacrylate exercises in the above composition the main function of dispersant, and secondary of hot viscosity improver and pour point improver allowing a pour point greater than -30 ° C. . It will be understood that the content of polymethacrylate will essentially depend on the viscosity desired for the lubricating composition.
Le premier exemple particulier va maintenant être décrit : il s'agit d'un lubrifiant de vis¬ cosité S AE 5W40 plus particulièrement approprié pour un usage dans les moteurs à combus- tion interne fonctionnant à l'essence ; le lubrifiant comprend 68,4% en volume d'huile de tournesol oléique dont la teneur en acide oléique est supérieure à 77% en volume, 0,3% en volume d' alkylselenium, par exemple Oloa® 250, en tant que premier anti-oxydant, 0,5% en volume de diphénylamine al¬ kylé, par exemple Oloa® 4860, en tant que deuxième anti-oxydant, 9% en volume d'un po- lyméthacrylate à poids moléculaire relativement important, par exemple Viscoplex® 6.050, en tant que premier dispersant, 12% en volume d'un polyalphaoléfine d'une viscosité ciné¬ matique de 4 centistokes à 100°C en tant que base non polaire, 9,8% d'un mélange d'additifs disponible dans le commerce, par exemple Oloa® 4155, habituellement utilisé en tant que mélange d'additifs aux huiles minérales ou synthétiques pour la fabrication de lubrifiants conventionnels pour moteur à combustion interne, et comprenant au moins un détergent, un dispersant (deuxième dispersant), un anti-usure. Le mélange d'additifs peut comporter égale¬ ment un anti-oxydant (troisième anti-oxydant).The first particular example will now be described: it is a lubricant of viscosity S AE 5W40 more particularly suitable for use in internal combustion engines running on petrol; the lubricant comprises 68.4% by volume of oleic sunflower oil, the oleic acid content of which is greater than 77% by volume, 0.3% by volume of alkylselenium, for example Oloa® 250, as the first anti oxidant, 0.5% by volume of alkylated diphenylamine, for example Oloa® 4860, as a second antioxidant, 9% by volume of a relatively large molecular weight polymethacrylate, for example Viscoplex® 6.050 , as the first dispersant, 12% by volume of a polyalphaolefin with a cine¬ matic viscosity of 4 centistokes at 100 ° C as a non-polar base, 9.8% of a mixture of additives available in the commercial, for example Oloa® 4155, usually used as a mixture of additives to mineral or synthetic oils for the manufacture of conventional lubricants for internal combustion engine, and comprising at least one detergent, one dispersant (second dispersant), one anti -wear. The mixture of additives may also include an antioxidant (third antioxidant).
Le mélange d'additifs Oloa® 4155 est connu du fabricant de lubrifiants conventionnels à base d'huile minérale ou synthétique pour moteur à combustion interne, et ne sera donc pas décrit plus en détail ici. H est à noter que le dispersant du mélange Oloa® 4155 est avantageu¬ sement différent du premier dispersant.The mixture of additives Oloa® 4155 is known to the manufacturer of conventional lubricants. base of mineral or synthetic oil for internal combustion engine, and will therefore not be described in more detail here. It should be noted that the dispersant of the Oloa® 4155 mixture is advantageously different from the first dispersant.
Le deuxième exemple particulier va maintenant être décrit : il s'agit d'un lubrifiant de viscosité SAE 10W40 plus particuherement approprié pour un usage dans les moteurs Diesel; le lubrifiant comprend 59,7% en volume d'huile de tournesol oléique dont la teneur en acide oléique est supérieure à 77% en volume, 0,3% en volume d' alkylselenium, par exemple Oloa® 250, en tant que premier anti-oxydant, 0,5% en volume de diphénylamine al¬ kylé, par exemple Oloa® 4860, en tant que deuxième anti-oxydant, 5% en volume d'un po- lyméthacrylate à poids moléculaire relativement important, par exemple Viscoplex® 6.050, en tant que premier dispersant, 15% en volume d'un polyalphaoléfine d'une viscosité ciné¬ matique de 4 centistokes à 100°C en tant que base non polaire, 19,5% d'un mélange d'addi¬ tifs disponible dans le commerce, par exemple Oloa® 8900, habituellement utilisé en tant que mélange d'additifs aux huiles minérales ou synthétiques pour la fabrication de lubrifiants conventionnels pour moteur à combustion interne Diesel, et comprenant au moins un déter¬ gent, un dispersant (deuxième dispersant), un anti-usure. Le mélange d'additifs peut com¬ porter également un anti-oxydant (troisième anti-oxydant).The second particular example will now be described: it is a lubricant of viscosity SAE 10W40 more particularly suitable for use in diesel engines; the lubricant comprises 59.7% by volume of oleic sunflower oil whose oleic acid content is greater than 77% by volume, 0.3% by volume of alkylselenium, for example Oloa® 250, as the first anti -oxidant, 0.5% by volume of alkylated diphenylamine, for example Oloa® 4860, as second antioxidant, 5% by volume of a relatively large molecular weight polymethacrylate, for example Viscoplex® 6.050 , as the first dispersant, 15% by volume of a polyalphaolefin with a cine¬ matic viscosity of 4 centistokes at 100 ° C as a non-polar base, 19.5% of a mixture of additives available commercially, for example Oloa® 8900, usually used as a mixture of additives to mineral or synthetic oils for the manufacture of conventional lubricants for an internal combustion diesel engine, and comprising at least one deter¬ gent, a dispersant (second dispersant), anti-wear. The mixture of additives can also carry an antioxidant (third antioxidant).
Le mélange d'additifs Oloa® 8900 est connu du fabricant de lubrifiants conventionnels à base d'huile minérale ou synthétique pour moteur Diesel, et ne sera donc pas décrit plus en détail ici. Il est à noter que le dispersant du mélange Oloa® 8900 est avantageusement diffé¬ rent du premier dispersant.The mixture of additives Oloa® 8900 is known to the manufacturer of conventional lubricants based on mineral or synthetic oil for diesel engines, and will therefore not be described in more detail here. It should be noted that the dispersant of the Oloa® 8900 mixture is advantageously different from the first dispersant.
Le deuxième exemple général d'un lubrifiant selon l'invention, dont un exemple particu¬ lier suit, adopte la composition en volume suivante, avec une huile de tournesol oléique en tant qu'huile végétale : huile de tournesol oléique : 40% à 85%, alkylselenium : 0, 1 % à 0,5 % , diphénylamine alkylé : 0,2% à 3%, polybutene : 4% à 15%, succini ide : 0,1% à 3%, polyméthacrylate : 0,1% à 0,8%, base non polaire : 5% à 20%, mélange d'additifs conventionnel : 5% à 25%.The second general example of a lubricant according to the invention, a particular example of which follows, adopts the following volume composition, with an oleic sunflower oil as vegetable oil: oleic sunflower oil: 40% to 85 %, alkylselenium: 0.1% to 0.5%, alkylated diphenylamine: 0.2% to 3%, polybutene: 4% to 15%, succinide: 0.1% to 3%, polymethacrylate: 0.1% 0.8%, non-polar base: 5% to 20%, conventional additive mixture: 5% to 25%.
Il est à noter que le polybutene assure la fonction d'améliorant de viscosité, et permet à la composition lubrifiante, une fois usagée, d'être brûlée dans la ou les chambres de combus- tion d'un moteur.It should be noted that the polybutene performs the function of improving viscosity, and allows the lubricating composition, once used, to be burned in the combustion chamber or chambers of an engine.
Le troisième exemple particulier va maintenant être décrit : il s'agit d'un lubrifiant com¬ bustible plus particulièrement approprié pour un usage dans les moteurs Diesel ; le lubrifiant comprend 57,7% en volume d'huile de tournesol oléique dont la teneur en acide oléique est supérieure à 77% en volume, 0,3% en volume d' alkylselenium, par exemple Oloa® 250, en tant que premier anti-oxydant, 0,5% en volume de diphénylamine al¬ kylé, par exemple Oloa® 4860, en tant que deuxième anti-oxydant, 10% en volume d'un po¬ lybutene, par exemple Oloa® 9350, 2% en volume de succinimide, par exemple Lubrizol® 6418, en tant que premier dispersant, 0,7% d'un polyméthacrylate à poids moléculaire relati¬ vement faible, par exemple Viscoplex® 1-200, en tant qu'améliorant de point d'écoulement, 10% en volume d'un polyalphaoléfine d'une viscosité cinématique de 4 centistokes à 100°C en tant que base non polaire, 19,5% d'un mélange d'additifs conventionnel disponible dans le commerce, par exemple Oloa® 8900 tel que décrit plus haut. On notera que 1 ' additif Lubrizol® 6418 est habituellement utilisé en tant qu ' additif dis¬ persant dans les huiles conventionnelles pour moteur à combustion interne. Par conséquent, il ne sera pas décrit plus en détail ici.The third particular example will now be described: it is a combustible lubricant more particularly suitable for use in diesel engines; the lubricant comprises 57.7% by volume of oleic sunflower oil, the content of which oleic acid is greater than 77% by volume, 0.3% by volume of alkylselenium, for example Oloa® 250, as the first antioxidant, 0.5% by volume of alkylated diphenylamine, for example Oloa® 4860, as second antioxidant, 10% by volume of a po¬ lybutene, for example Oloa® 9350, 2% by volume of succinimide, for example Lubrizol® 6418, as first dispersant, 0.7% of a relatively low molecular weight polymethacrylate, for example Viscoplex® 1-200, as pour point improver, 10% by volume of a polyalphaolefin with a kinematic viscosity of 4 centistokes at 100 ° C as a non-polar base, 19.5% of a mixture of conventional additives commercially available, for example Oloa® 8900 as described above. It will be noted that the Lubrizol® 6418 additive is usually used as a persistent additive in conventional oils for internal combustion engines. Therefore, it will not be described in more detail here.
Le lubrifiant ci-dessus décrit peut avantageusement être brûlé dans les chambres de com¬ bustion d'un moteur, à l'état pur ou dilué dans le carburant. The lubricant described above can advantageously be burned in the combustion chambers of an engine, in the pure state or diluted in the fuel.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S
1 . Lubrifiant pour moteur à combustion interne, caractérisé en ce qu 'il comprend une huile végétale dont la teneur en acide oléique est supérieure à 77%, au moins un premier anti-oxydant constitué par un alkylselenium, un premier dispersant, un améliorant de point d'écoulement, et un détergent.1. Lubricant for internal combustion engine, characterized in that it comprises a vegetable oil whose oleic acid content is greater than 77%, at least one first antioxidant consisting of an alkylselenium, a first dispersant, a dye improver and a detergent.
2. Lubrifiant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite huile végétale est une huile de tournesol.2. Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that said vegetable oil is a sunflower oil.
3. Lubrifiant selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un deu- xième anti-oxydant différent dudit premier anti-oxydant.3. Lubricant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a second antioxidant different from said first antioxidant.
4 . Lubrifiant selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième anti-oxy¬ dant est du diphénylamine alkylé.4. Lubricant according to claim 3, characterized in that said second antioxidant is alkylated diphenylamine.
5 . Lubrifiant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit premier dispersant est un polyméthacrylate. 5. Lubricant according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the said first dispersant is a polymethacrylate.
6 . Lubrifiant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un polybutene afin de permettre au dit lubrifiant, une fois usagé, d'être brûlé dans la ou les chambres de combustion d'un moteur.6. Lubricant according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a polybutene in order to allow the said lubricant, once used, to be burned in the combustion chamber or chambers of an engine.
7 . Lubrifiant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un deuxième dispersant différent dudit premier dispersant. 7. Lubricant according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a second dispersant different from said first dispersant.
8 . Lubrifiant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une base non polaire.8. Lubricant according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a non-polar base.
9 . Lubrifiant selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ladite base non polaire est un polyalphaoléfine. 9. Lubricant according to claim 8, characterized in that said non-polar base is a polyalphaolefin.
EP96919881A 1995-05-09 1996-05-09 Vegetable oil-based lubricants for internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime EP0873385B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9505693A FR2733994B1 (en) 1995-05-09 1995-05-09 SUNFLOWER OIL ENGINE OIL
FR9505693 1995-05-09
PCT/FR1996/000694 WO1996035766A1 (en) 1995-05-09 1996-05-09 Vegetable oil-based lubricants for internal combustion engines

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0873385A1 true EP0873385A1 (en) 1998-10-28
EP0873385B1 EP0873385B1 (en) 2003-02-19

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EP (1) EP0873385B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE232900T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2220056A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69626314T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2733994B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996035766A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100236476B1 (en) * 1997-08-20 2000-01-15 정몽규 Composition of vegetable engine oil
DE19747854A1 (en) * 1997-10-30 1999-05-12 Fuchs Petrolub Ag Method and device for the lubrication and simultaneous fuel supply of a vegetable oil-compatible internal combustion engine
CN107573999A (en) * 2017-10-09 2018-01-12 广东哈弗石油能源股份有限公司 A kind of wear-resistant lasting motive force factor lubricating oil

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB927794A (en) * 1958-10-31 1963-06-06 Celanese Corp New or improved lubricants
CH476098A (en) * 1965-10-12 1969-07-31 Geigy Ag J R Mixture suitable as a lubricant
WO1993006198A1 (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-04-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Oil compositions
US5413725A (en) * 1992-12-18 1995-05-09 The Lubrizol Corporation Pour point depressants for high monounsaturated vegetable oils and for high monounsaturated vegetable oils/biodegradable base and fluid mixtures

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Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2220056A1 (en) 1996-11-14
WO1996035766A1 (en) 1996-11-14
DE69626314D1 (en) 2003-03-27
FR2733994B1 (en) 1997-08-08
FR2733994A1 (en) 1996-11-15
EP0873385B1 (en) 2003-02-19
DE69626314T2 (en) 2003-12-11
ATE232900T1 (en) 2003-03-15

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