EP0872218A2 - Méthode de fabrication d'une prothèse dentaire - Google Patents

Méthode de fabrication d'une prothèse dentaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0872218A2
EP0872218A2 EP98250132A EP98250132A EP0872218A2 EP 0872218 A2 EP0872218 A2 EP 0872218A2 EP 98250132 A EP98250132 A EP 98250132A EP 98250132 A EP98250132 A EP 98250132A EP 0872218 A2 EP0872218 A2 EP 0872218A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
reinforced
weight
mould
anyone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98250132A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0872218B1 (fr
EP0872218A3 (fr
Inventor
Volker Dr. Rheinberger
Gerhard Zanghellini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ivoclar Vivadent AG
Original Assignee
Ivoclar AG
Ivoclar Vivadent AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ivoclar AG, Ivoclar Vivadent AG filed Critical Ivoclar AG
Publication of EP0872218A2 publication Critical patent/EP0872218A2/fr
Publication of EP0872218A3 publication Critical patent/EP0872218A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0872218B1 publication Critical patent/EP0872218B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/20—Methods or devices for soldering, casting, moulding or melting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
    • A61C19/003—Apparatus for curing resins by radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
    • A61K6/884—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising natural or synthetic resins
    • A61K6/887—Compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

  • US-A-4,894,012 and WO 89/04640 disclose a two-step procedure for producing fiber-reinforced dental appliances.
  • a fiber-reinforced composite material is produced having the requisite stiffness and strength characteristics and thereafter a dental device is formed therefrom.
  • the composite material comprises essentially a polymeric matrix and a fiber component embedded within the matrix.
  • the materials employed are preferably fully polymerized thermoplastic materials.
  • Restorations such as e.g. bridges are prepared by heating the fiber-reinforced composite material with a heat gun until soft and then forming the material using a dental cast.
  • acrylic teeth are fixed thereto.
  • US-A-5,098,304 discloses a method for reinforcing composite resin systems for restoring or splinting teeth which utilizes glass fiber material. Bridges are formed by first preparing the teeth which are adjacent to the missing tooth by grinding and then fixing a mesh or rope of fiber glass to the teeth. Thereafter a replacement tooth is formed on the fiber glass material.
  • US-A-5,176,951 and WO 91/11153 disclose a method of reinforcing a resin portion of a dental structure, which comprises the steps or applying one or more layers of a light weight woven fabric made up of polyaramide or polyethylene fibers to a resin portion of a dental structure and covering the woven fabric with more of the resin.
  • the fiber material and the resin have to be combined by the user when preparing the dental restoration. This is inconvenient and bears the risk of forming air pockets which cause destabilization of the restoration.
  • WO 95/08300 relates to a method for manufacturing a dental prostheses wherein a preimpregnated fabric part is placed on a shaping model and formed on the model by compression. Then the organic matrix of the preimpregnated fabric part is cross-linked to obtain a rigid support shell and successive layers of organic resin are applied onto the support shell to form an external finishing coating.
  • the support shell comprises between 20 to 60 % by volume of fibers and other inorganic charges.
  • This method is characterized in that the mould is designed in a way which allows excess organic material to escape from the cavity during pressing.
  • the mould is provided with one or more grooves connecting the inside of the cavity with the outside of the mould.
  • the grooves are cut into the mould from top to the bottom and allow matrix monomer to flow out of the mould after pressure has been applied.
  • the volume fraction of fibers is increased remarkably and the strength of the composite is increased.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic view of a mould provided with a plurality of grooves is shown in Figure 1.
  • the grooves are preferably 0.05 to 1.5 mm wide, more preferably 0.05 to 1.0 mm, most preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mm.
  • FIG. 2 A schematic view of a mould provided with two drainages is shown in Figure 2.
  • the drainages preferably have a inner diameter of from 0.05 to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.05 to 1.0 mm, most preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mm.
  • a further way to increase the volume fraction of fibers is to provide the mould with void space able to take up excess matrix material.
  • a preferred way of providing void space is to make a bevelled cavity as is schematically shown in Figure 3.
  • FIG. 4 A suitable machine is schematicly shown in Figure 4.
  • This machine comprises a sealed enclosure 14, a plate 15 receiving a shaping model 11 in the enclosure 14, a flexible fluid-proof membrane 9, notably air-tight, separating the enclosure 14 into two chambers 14a, 14b, means 16, 25, 26 for creating a lower fluid pressure in the chamber 14b, and means 17, 18, 19, 32 for cross-linking the parts 7 placed on the shaping model 11 in the chamber 14a.
  • the cross-linking means 17, 18, 19 are preferably light-curing means comprising at least one light source 17 located in the chamber 14b opposite the one 14a containing the shaping model 11.
  • the flexible separating membrane 9 is then translucent or transparent, i.e. it lets light pass.
  • the cross-linking means 17, 18, 19 comprise at least one light conveying duct 18 giving out onto the receiving plate 15 to light from the inside the shaping model 11 itself made of translucent or transparent material. In this way, lighting from the inside is achieved and the efficiency of the cross-linking is improved.
  • the cross-linking means 17, 18, 19 can comprise a peripheral mirror 19 surrounding the shaping model 11 to improve the light diffusion.
  • the machine of the invention can comprise chemical and/or cross-linking means 32.
  • the enclosure 14 is formed by the lower plate 15 receiving the shaping model 11, a similar parallel upper plate 20 forming a cover, and a cylinder 21 placed between these tow plates 15, 20 in a fluid-proof manner.
  • the cylinder 21 can be transparent in order to visually monitor the execution of the manufacturing process.
  • the upper plate 20 supports a plurality of small columns 22 with compression springs 23 located at regular intervals on its circumference and designed to press against the peripheral edge of the membrane 9 to wedge it against a cylindrical protuberance 24 of the lower plate 15.
  • the small columns 22, springs 23 and protuberance 24 thus form removable securing means of the membrane 9 separating the two chambers 14a, 14b.
  • the membrane can thus easily be changed as required each time the machine is disassembled, i.e.
  • the lower plate 15 is rigidly associated, in a tight but disassembled manner, to the cylinder 21 in order to enable changing of the membrane 9 and/or preparation of the shaping model 11 and of the parts 7 to be polymerized.
  • the light source 17 can be simply formed by an electrical light bulb.
  • the pressure difference between the two chambers 14a, 14b can be achieved by inlet of a compressed fluid such as air or a liquid into the chamber 14b via the orifice and/or by suction of a fluid form the chamber 14a containing the shaping model 11 via a suction orifice 26.
  • the suction orifice 26 and the inlet orifice 25 can be connected to one another by means of fluid pump 16.
  • the flexible membrane 9 is pressed against the shaping model 11 and thus presses the preimpregnated fabric part 7 against this shaping model 11.
  • the lighting means 17, 18 are then switched on causing photopolymerisation of the organic matrix of the preimpregnated fabric part 7 and formation of the support shell 2.
  • the membrane typically is formed by an elastic synthetic material such as a copolymer or rubber.
  • the method of the present invention allows the manufacturing and forming of fiber reinforced composites having a final fiber content of up to 60 % by volume by use of a pressure of not more than 1.5 to 2.5 bar, preferably about 2 bar.
  • the fiber-reinforced composite may be further processed by application of one or more layers of an organic resin as disclosed in WO 95/08300, i.e. applying at least one layer of an organic resin to the composite and cross-linking the same.
  • the preparation of the mould is well known in the art (see for example K.H. Körber, DentalLite Labor 3/96; J. Langner, Quintessenz Zahntechnik 23, 5, 1997, pages 631-646).
  • a silicon material such as condensation or addition silicon is used for forming the mould.
  • the method of the present invention is especially suitable for producing fiber-reinforced composites such as dental prostheses, such as crowns, bridges, inlay bridges, implanted prostheses, implant superstructures, removable appliances, removable dentures or structural components of dental restorations such as a support shell.
  • a mould for, e.g. preparing a bridge or a structural component of a bridge is preferably prepared by
  • the fiber-reinforced polymerizable material used for manufacturing the fiber-reinforced composites comprises an organic matrix and a fiber component embedded within the matrix.
  • the fiber component is preferably a uniform mesh, a random mesh, or a rope or threat type material.
  • the fibers may also take the form of long continuous filaments or may be woven in a leno weave as disclosed in US-A-5,176,951. Most preferably a fiber-meshed fabric is used.
  • the fibers are preferably made from glass, ceramic, silica or organic materials such as aramid, polyethylene, carbon and boron. Fibers of ceramic, silica and especially glass are most preferred.
  • a bis-GMA-base resin can be used modified by copolymerization with composites of lower molecular weight, notably as non-restrictive examples bisphenol glycidyl-dimethacrylates (BIS-MA), bisphenol ethyl-methacrylates (BIS-EMA), bisphenol propyl-methacrylates (BIS-PMA), ethylene glycol-dimethacrylates (EGDMA), diethylene glycol-dimethacrylates (DEGDMA), triethylene glycol-dimethacrylates (TEGDMA), triethylene glycol-methacrylates (TEGMA), methyl-methacrylates (MMA), and polyurethane fluor-methacrylates (PFUMA).
  • BIOS-MA bisphenol glycidyl-dimethacrylates
  • BIOS-EMA bisphenol ethyl-methacrylates
  • BIOS-PMA bisphenol propyl-methacrylates
  • EGDMA ethylene glycol-dimethacrylates
  • DEGDMA
  • the known peroxides such as dibenzoylperoxide, dilauroylperoxide, tert-butylperoctoate or tert-butylperbenzoate can be used as initiators for hot polymerization.
  • 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitril (AIBN), benzpinacol and 2,2'-dialkylbenzpinacols are also suitable.
  • the fiber reinforced polymerizable material contains a photoinitiator such as diketones, preferably diacetyl and/or quinones such as camphor quinone and acenaphthene quinone.
  • a photoinitiator such as diketones, preferably diacetyl and/or quinones such as camphor quinone and acenaphthene quinone.
  • the photoinitiators may also be combined with an accelerator such as an amine.
  • the concentration of initiators and accelerators preferably lies in the range of 0.01 to 3.0 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 1.0 wt.%, relative to the quantity of monomers used in the dental material.
  • the total amount of catalysts and stabilizers is typically in the range of 0.3 to 0.5 % by weight, based on the total composition.
  • the fiber-reinforced polymerizable materials are preferably used in form of a fabric part preimpregnated with an organic matrix.
  • the fiber-reinforced polymerizable materials may be applied in successive layers which can be cured before applying the next layer. Fiber-reinforced polymerizable materials having different fiber contents may be combined for producing one fiber-reinforced composite.
  • For preparing a dental bridge or a structural component of a bridge it is preferred to combine one or more preimpregnated fabric parts in form of a flat sheet or a disc and a joining element such as a bar like element.
  • the fiber reinforced polymerizable material can be of any shape such as a flat sheet, a disc, a bar, or a wire. Before placing the fiber-reinforced polymerizable material in the cavity of the mould the material may be cut according to necessity.
  • the external finishing coating can be formed by a filled cosmetic resin, notably of the type formed by bis-phenol-A-derivatives such as bis-GMA and the other resins mentioned above, charged in such a way that it has a high rigidity, a great resistance to abrasion and a colour shade close to that of the natural tooth. Charged cosmetic resins of this kind are known as such.
  • Compositions of most preferred fiber-reinforced polymerizable materials Composition Composition No.1 (% by weight) Composition No. 2 (% by weight) Composition No.
  • the fiber content of a fiber-reinforced composite could be increased for instance from 43.3 vol.% to 47.7 vol.% if the material is compressed in a mould according to the present invention using a pressure of about 2 bar (Table 2). This is an increase of the fiber content more than 10 %.
  • the increase of fiber content resulted in an increase of flexible strength and modulus of elasticity of about 15 %.
  • the fiber content of the fiber-reinforced composites comprising inorganic fibers is determined via loss of ignition (LOI).
  • LOI loss of ignition
  • the organic matrix material of the fiber-reinforced composite is burned at 850 °C for 1.5 hours and the inorganic reminder (ash or loss of ignition, LOI) determined gravimetrically.
  • LOI loss of ignition
  • Figure 5 The relation between LOI and the volume fraction of fibers for Compositions No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 is shown in Figure 5.
  • LOI and volume fraction of fibers are linearly correlated.
  • vol.% 1.064 x LOI - 23.4
  • the fiber content of fiber-reinforced composites comprising organic fibers can be determined by scanning electron mircroscopy.
  • the fiber-reinforced composite is prepared by
  • the shoulder of the die is preferably formed as discussed above.
  • a silicon mould with a cavity of 3 x 3 x 36 mm was made.
  • the cavity was filed with material No. 2 (see Table 1 above) and covered with an elastic membrane.
  • the membrane was pressed onto the mould with a pressure of approximately 2 bar in a machine as shown in Figure 4 (VECTRIS® VS1, Ivoclar). 2 minutes after pressure application the light source was switched on and the material cured within 7 minutes.
  • the cavity of the mould was underfilled, in a second series overfilled. This procedure was repeated with moulds provided with a 3 grooves having a width of 1 mm or 2 drainages having a inner diameter of 1 mm on each side.
  • bevelled and non-bevelled moulds were used.
  • the flexural strength and the modulus of elasticity of the bodies prepared was tested according to ISO 10477. The results are shown in Table 2.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (AREA)
  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
EP98250132A 1997-04-18 1998-04-16 Méthode de fabrication d'une prothèse dentaire Expired - Lifetime EP0872218B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US4464997P 1997-04-18 1997-04-18
US44649P 1997-04-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0872218A2 true EP0872218A2 (fr) 1998-10-21
EP0872218A3 EP0872218A3 (fr) 2001-03-28
EP0872218B1 EP0872218B1 (fr) 2006-08-16

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EP98250132A Expired - Lifetime EP0872218B1 (fr) 1997-04-18 1998-04-16 Méthode de fabrication d'une prothèse dentaire

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6287490B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP0872218B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2977526B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE336205T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2235220A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69835554T2 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1106163A2 (fr) * 1999-12-09 2001-06-13 Heraeus Kulzer GmbH & Co.KG Materiau pour le moulage dentaire
FR2804315A1 (fr) * 2000-02-02 2001-08-03 Coste Bruno Clunet Procede de fabrication d'une armature de prothese dentaire en ceramique, et piece de prothese obtenu selon le procede
EP1138272A1 (fr) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-04 Helmut Purner Procédé de fabrication d'une prothèse dentaire
EP1181923A2 (fr) * 2000-08-21 2002-02-27 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Matériau dentaire contenant un matériau pouvant être arraché
EP1181922A2 (fr) 2000-08-21 2002-02-27 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Matériau dentaire contenant un composant thermorétractable
US6635691B2 (en) 2000-08-21 2003-10-21 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Dental material containing a component which contracts during thermal treatment
US6648645B1 (en) 1999-09-02 2003-11-18 Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Method for manufacturing dental restorations
WO2019058019A1 (fr) * 2017-09-19 2019-03-28 Stick Tech Oy Matériau dentaire contenant de la cellulose nanocristalline

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US20040241614A1 (en) * 1998-04-13 2004-12-02 Goldberg A. Jon Prefabricated components for dental appliances
US6605651B1 (en) * 1998-09-09 2003-08-12 Biomat Sciences, Inc. Curing methods and material compositions having dental and other applications
WO2000018191A1 (fr) * 1998-09-18 2000-03-30 Marc Seghatol Systeme de polarisation par micro-ondes en dentisterie
US6599125B1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2003-07-29 University Of Connecticut Prefabricated components for dental appliances
US6915178B2 (en) 2000-09-06 2005-07-05 O'brien Dental Lab, Inc. Dental prosthesis manufacturing process, dental prosthesis pattern & dental prosthesis made thereby
US6753067B2 (en) * 2001-04-23 2004-06-22 Sipix Imaging, Inc. Microcup compositions having improved flexure resistance and release properties
US7156637B1 (en) 2001-06-19 2007-01-02 Kutsch V Kim Apparatus for producing dental prostheses
US7186108B2 (en) * 2002-04-11 2007-03-06 Pentron Laboratory Technologies, Llc Curing unit for dental materials
US6733288B2 (en) 2002-04-29 2004-05-11 Stick Tech Oy Orthodontic appliance
US20040032063A1 (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-02-19 Peter Walther Process for shaping plate-shaped materials and an arrangement for carrying out the process
US20040213869A1 (en) * 2002-10-21 2004-10-28 Whitaker Ward Crisp Mold for composite milling blanks
DE10313691A1 (de) * 2003-03-26 2004-10-07 3M Espe Ag CAD-System für Dentalprothesen
US20040224285A1 (en) * 2003-05-09 2004-11-11 Bisco, Inc. Reinforced composites for use in dental restorations
US7819662B2 (en) * 2004-11-30 2010-10-26 Geodigm Corporation Multi-component dental appliances and a method for constructing the same
EP2117750A2 (fr) * 2006-11-07 2009-11-18 Geodigm Corporation Dispositifs de formage de descente de coulée
CA2567936C (fr) 2006-11-14 2016-01-05 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Dispositif et methode de replication de couche superficielle
EP2109414A2 (fr) * 2007-01-11 2009-10-21 Geodigm Corporation Conception d'appareils dentaires
US20090148816A1 (en) * 2007-01-11 2009-06-11 Geodigm Corporation Design of dental appliances
CN104173196B (zh) * 2013-05-28 2018-01-12 南方医科大学南方医院 齿科义齿基托用纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法
DE112015000144B4 (de) * 2014-07-24 2017-11-09 John Fung Pressformen eines Zahnersatzes aufweisend Keramik, wie Zirkoniumdioxid, mit einer aufgerauten Oberfläche
CN107537061B (zh) * 2016-06-23 2019-11-22 辽宁爱尔创生物材料有限公司 一种牙科用复合树脂材料的制备方法及其制备的产品

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US4894012A (en) 1987-11-16 1990-01-16 The University Of Connecticut Passive dental appliances of fiber-reinforced composites
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WO1995008300A1 (fr) 1993-09-24 1995-03-30 Gilles Billet Prothese dentaire a coque de support composite et revetement, piece de tissu preimpregne, procede et machine de fabrication

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6648645B1 (en) 1999-09-02 2003-11-18 Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Method for manufacturing dental restorations
EP1106163A2 (fr) * 1999-12-09 2001-06-13 Heraeus Kulzer GmbH & Co.KG Materiau pour le moulage dentaire
JP2001187707A (ja) * 1999-12-09 2001-07-10 Heraeus Kulzer Gmbh 透明歯科用埋没材、デンタルキット、義歯の製法、埋没材の使用、義歯、埋没材用のフラスコ及び歯科用外壁材
EP1106163A3 (fr) * 1999-12-09 2004-01-07 Heraeus Kulzer GmbH & Co.KG Materiau pour le moulage dentaire
FR2804315A1 (fr) * 2000-02-02 2001-08-03 Coste Bruno Clunet Procede de fabrication d'une armature de prothese dentaire en ceramique, et piece de prothese obtenu selon le procede
WO2001056496A1 (fr) * 2000-02-02 2001-08-09 Clunet Coste Bruno Procede de fabrication d'une armature de prothese dentaire en ceramique, et piece de prothese obtenue selon le procede
EP1138272A1 (fr) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-04 Helmut Purner Procédé de fabrication d'une prothèse dentaire
EP1426018A1 (fr) * 2000-03-30 2004-06-09 Helmut Purner Procédé de fabrication d'une prothèse dentaire
US6635691B2 (en) 2000-08-21 2003-10-21 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Dental material containing a component which contracts during thermal treatment
DE10040772A1 (de) * 2000-08-21 2002-03-28 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Dentalmaterial enthaltend eine sich bei Wärmeanwendung zusammenziehende Komponente
EP1181922A2 (fr) 2000-08-21 2002-02-27 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Matériau dentaire contenant un composant thermorétractable
EP1181923A3 (fr) * 2000-08-21 2004-02-04 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Matériau dentaire contenant un matériau pouvant être arraché
EP1181922A3 (fr) * 2000-08-21 2004-02-18 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Matériau dentaire contenant un composant thermorétractable
EP1181923A2 (fr) * 2000-08-21 2002-02-27 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Matériau dentaire contenant un matériau pouvant être arraché
DE10040772B4 (de) * 2000-08-21 2007-10-31 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Dentalmaterial enthaltend ein sich bei Wärmebehandlung zusammenziehendes Schrumpfmaterial
US11554082B2 (en) 2017-09-17 2023-01-17 Stick Tech Oy Nanocrystalline cellulose containing dental material
WO2019058019A1 (fr) * 2017-09-19 2019-03-28 Stick Tech Oy Matériau dentaire contenant de la cellulose nanocristalline
CN111107829A (zh) * 2017-09-19 2020-05-05 斯蒂克技术公司 含有纳米晶体纤维素的牙科材料

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EP0872218B1 (fr) 2006-08-16
CA2235220A1 (fr) 1998-10-18
EP0872218A3 (fr) 2001-03-28
JPH10305045A (ja) 1998-11-17
JP2977526B2 (ja) 1999-11-15
DE69835554D1 (de) 2006-09-28
ATE336205T1 (de) 2006-09-15
DE69835554T2 (de) 2007-08-09
US6287490B2 (en) 2001-09-11
US20010001510A1 (en) 2001-05-24

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