EP0871348B1 - Ballast for independent parallel of low pressure gas discharge lamps - Google Patents

Ballast for independent parallel of low pressure gas discharge lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0871348B1
EP0871348B1 EP98106203A EP98106203A EP0871348B1 EP 0871348 B1 EP0871348 B1 EP 0871348B1 EP 98106203 A EP98106203 A EP 98106203A EP 98106203 A EP98106203 A EP 98106203A EP 0871348 B1 EP0871348 B1 EP 0871348B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ballast
circuit
gas discharge
voltage
switch
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EP98106203A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0871348A1 (en
Inventor
Gert Knobloch
Peter Haaf
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Vossloh Schwabe Elektronik GmbH
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Vossloh Schwabe Elektronik GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/282Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
    • H05B41/285Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2851Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2855Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against abnormal lamp operating conditions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic ballast with the features of the preamble of the claim 1.
  • the invention relates to an externally controlled Ballast with an inverter whose Frequency specified by a controlled oscillator is.
  • E.g. is a free-swinging from EP 0 239 793 B1 electronic ballast became known, that can supply two gas discharge lamps at the same time.
  • a free-swinging inverter the two Series resonance circuits connected in parallel feeds.
  • Each series resonance circuit has its own low-pressure gas discharge lamp assigned.
  • the secondary pages of the both transmitters are connected to a detector circuit, via a trigger circuit to the control electrode a thyristor is connected. This is grounded in the Failure to base the base of an inverter transistor to deactivate them and thus shut down the ballast.
  • the thyristor is connected via a resistor combination from the DC link voltage with a holding current supplies, and thus permanently blocks the ballast.
  • an extinguishing capacitor is provided for each lamp briefly the thyristor current when the lamp is inserted takes over and thus blocks it.
  • the free-swinging ballast is regarding its frequency is not stable, so that is expected must be that the individual lamp used a Power must be higher than in normal operation. Now, for example because only a single gas discharge lamp no second lamp is required, the gas discharge lamp is overloaded. However is it is sometimes wished to use a lamp as an alternative operate one or two (or more) gas discharge lamps to be able to design options regarding of brightness.
  • the electronic ballast according to the invention has at least one inverter half bridge that is externally controlled by a control circuit.
  • the control circuit specifies the working frequency so that undesirable effects from the lamp circle on the Working frequency can be reduced or excluded.
  • the fixed frequency creates in the individual lamp circles Ratios regardless of the number of lamp circuits connected to the inverter half bridge are. This is the electronic ballast suitable for this, if necessary different discharge lamp numbers to use. For example, on one for two Ballast provided for gas discharge lamps only if only one is connected, it can be operated without being overloaded and thus its lifespan sinks. This way you will otherwise end up the lifetime of the overloaded gas discharge lamp Avoided or reduced UV emissions.
  • the electronic ballast is equipped with a voltage monitoring device provided that the burning voltage monitors each individual gas discharge lamp. As soon as even just one of the existing gas discharge lamps Has a burning voltage that exceeds a maximum value, becomes the control circuit of the inverter half bridge deactivated and the inverter half bridge becomes complete blocked. The shutdown is done by a first Switch with breakdown characteristics switched on which is the supply voltage of the control circuit below a threshold UVLO (Undervoltagelockout) pulls below which the control circuit blocks the inverter half bridge.
  • the first switch A second switch is connected in parallel Reinstall at least one gas discharge lamp Supply voltage of the control circuit for a short time further lowered so that the first switch can lock.
  • connection with the ballast can be done very poorly. This enables the second controlled switch for only the control power must be applied. So that can his control provided components the one Connect to the gas discharge lamp, low be loaded components. Capacitors can be lower Dielectric strength and high impedance resistors are used become. Above all, this enables use of components with very small dimensions and in particular of SMD components (Surface Mounted Devices).
  • Which creates an essentially fixed potential offset Circuit can be a zener diode or a other component such as a resistor.
  • a kink characteristic (Z diode, light emitting diode or the like) is however advantageous.
  • the detector circuit is preferred connected to a connection of the gas discharge lamp, with the filament of the gas discharge lamp DC voltage applied circuit point connected is.
  • the DC voltage is usually that DC link voltage.
  • the separation of the occurring signals can be made easier Way made by a filter circuit that contains in particular a high pass. For suppression of low-frequency interference frequencies can be low-pass filters be provided so that there is ultimately a bandpass characteristic or another suitable filter characteristic results.
  • first switch can be a thyristor or a Transistor equivalent circuit can be used for this which contains a pnp transistor and an npn transistor, which are switched against each other with collectors and base are. The emitters form the ends of the switching path, with a base forming a control input.
  • the advantage of the transistor combination is that it is adjustable and preferably relatively low holding current, the with the ballast switched off from the DC link voltage must be removed, and thus a small one power loss occurring when the ballast is switched off has the consequence. If the holding current is very low, can the second switch can also be designed to be relatively high-resistance which can also be beneficial. Furthermore transistors are available as inexpensive SMD components.
  • the gas discharge lamps are individually one each Capacitor of a series resonance circuit connected in parallel, the series resonance circuits turn on in parallel connected the output of the inverter half bridge are. This leads to a decoupling of the gas discharge lamps from each other.
  • FIG. 1 In the single figure of the drawing is a block diagram of the ballast according to the invention, that in addition to a circuit for switching off Overvoltage on a connected gas discharge lamp another circuit component to enable one automatic restart contains.
  • an electronic ballast 1 shown in the schematic diagram, which is the operation of one or more low pressure gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b serves.
  • the electronic ballast 1 has one Mains rectifier and converter circuit 3, the one DC link voltage of approximately 400 volts to ground 4 delivers.
  • To generate the to operate the low pressure gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b required symmetrical AC voltage from the DC link voltage is used Inverter half bridge 6 in the present example is formed by two MOSFETs 7, 8. Their drain-source Lines are bridged by protective diodes.
  • the Inverter half bridge 6 is between the intermediate circuit voltage and ground 4 switched.
  • the Integrated circuit of the control circuit 11 is with an external circuit, not shown, which sets a certain working frequency. This means that on the output connections 12, 13 in push-pull Control signals for the MOSFETs 7, 8 with a given frequency so that the MOSFETs 7, 8 alternately however, do not open overlapping or conductive become.
  • the control circuit 11 has a supply voltage connection V CC , via which it is provided with operating voltage and at the same time with information as to whether it should control or block the MOSFETs 7, 8:
  • the control circuit 11 drives the MOSFETs 7, 8 alternately at and with a frequency which is predetermined by the external circuitry. If the supply voltage V CC falls below the threshold value UVLO, both MOSFETs 7, 8 are blocked.
  • a defined threshold value UVL undervoltage locking
  • the supply voltage is generated when the electronic ballast 1 is running, i.e. the connected Low-pressure gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b light up, from the one generated by the inverter half bridge 6 Square wave voltage.
  • the connection point 16 is by the connection of source and drain of the MOSFETs 7, 8 formed.
  • Via the capacitor C1 and C2 series connected diodes D1 and D2 are connected the inverter frequency of approximately 30 kHz charge packets to a smoothing connected to ground 4 or buffer capacitor C3, of which the Supply voltage to the corresponding supply voltage connection the control circuit 11 is performed.
  • An excess voltage is prevented by a Zener diode DZ1, which are connected to the anode of D1 and to their own anode is connected to ground.
  • a resistor R1 is provided, which has one end with the DC link voltage and with its other end is connected to the capacitor C3. About the resistance R1, capacitor C3 is charged with a low current, until the voltage on the capacitor C3 the Threshold voltage exceeds UVLI and the control circuit 11 starts.
  • Those to be operated by the electronic ballast Gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b are immediately above a respective resonance choke L1a, L1b and a respective one Coupling capacitor C4a, C4b to the connection point 16 connected to the output of the inverter half bridge 6 forms and with that of the control circuit 11th predetermined frequency between the intermediate circuit voltage and mass is switched back and forth.
  • the series connection of the resonance choke L1a and the coupling capacitor C4a is via a lamp holder, not shown connected to a terminal 21a of the gas discharge lamp 2a.
  • connection is made via a in the gas discharge lamp 2a lying coil 22a, to a connection 23a outside, which is connected to a resonance capacitor C5a further connection 24a of the gas discharge lamp 2a is connected to a coil 25a and over this to a connection 26a, which is connected to the intermediate circuit voltage lies.
  • the resonance inductor L1a and the resonance capacitor C5a form a series resonance circuit, which in undamped resonance case at the gas discharge lamp 2a a voltage drop that drops the intermediate circuit voltage can serve, the coupling capacitor C4a only the direct current separation of the gas discharge lamp 2 from the inverter half bridge 6, so that the lamp current contains no DC component.
  • An identically constructed, parallel connected Lamp branch contains the gas discharge lamp 2b and one Series resonance choke L1b a coupling capacitor C4b and a resonance capacitor C5b.
  • Voltage monitoring circuit 27 To monitor the on the gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b falling voltages is used Voltage monitoring circuit 27, the two circuit parts 27a, 27b, each containing the gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b are assigned. They are each one high-resistance resistor R2a, R2b with the lamp side End of the respective resonance choke L1a, L1b connected. Each circuit part 27a, 27b still contains on the input side an input resistor R3a, R3b with the respective Resistor R2a, R2b forms a voltage divider and the is connected to ground 4.
  • the input resistance R3a, R3b is one Downstream voltage doubler circuit 28a, 28b, the outputs a DC voltage signal with its output 29a, 29b, that of the lamp voltage of the respective Corresponds to gas discharge lamp 2a, 2b.
  • the outputs 29a, 29b of the subcircuits 27a, 27b are parallel to one another switched and with a control input 31 of a first controllable switch 32 connected to a End is connected to ground 4. Its other end is via a voltage offset circuit 33 with the supply voltage the control circuit 11 connected.
  • the switch 32 is turned on by an NPN transistor T1 and a pnp transistor T2 is formed.
  • the T1 emitter is connected to ground 4 and its collector is based on T2 connected.
  • the collector of T2 is at the base of T1 connected, which also has a resistor R4 and a capacitor C5 is connected to ground 4.
  • the base of T2 is through a resistor R5 and one Capacitor C6 connected to its emitter.
  • the transistors T1 and T2 form a bistable circuit which either assumes a non-conductive state in which the Distance from the emitter of T2 from the emitter of T1 is locked (locked state) or conducts (leading state).
  • the voltage offset circuit 33 which in the simplest case is formed by a Zener diode DZ2, has a voltage drop that is less than the threshold voltage UVLO.
  • the control circuit 11 is reactivated when the switch 32 conducts. If the voltage monitoring circuit 27 detects an excessively high voltage on the gas discharge lamp 2a or on the gas discharge lamp 2b, it switches the switch 32 to its conductive state, as a result of which the switch circuit 11 is blocked by lowering the supply voltage V CC under UVLO.
  • the supply voltage V CC is additionally connected via an optional resistor R7 to a controllable switch 34 which is connected to ground 4.
  • the switch 34 does not have to be a switch in the binary sense, but has a non-conductive state in which the current path from the resistor R7 to ground 4 is blocked, and a further state in which a certain current flow is permitted, which in the resistance of the Switch 34 can still have a relatively large value here.
  • the switch 34 is formed by a circuit the main part of which is an NPN transistor T3. His emitter is at ground 4 and its collector is connected to R7. Its basis is to avoid interference with a capacitor C10 connected to ground 4. Parallel to C10 a resistor R10 is provided, the T3 static holds in a non-conductive state. At the base of T3 are also two RC combinations 36a, 36b connected, belonging to tap circuits 37a, 37b, that of detection serve a lamp change. Any tap circuit 37a, 37b is a gas discharge lamp 2a, 2b assigned. On the output side, they are connected in parallel.
  • Each RC combination 36a, 36b has one on the input side Capacitor Clla, Cllb on, with one at each RC combination 36a, 36b leading resistor R11a, R11b forms a low pass.
  • the resistors form Rlla, R11b with input resistors R12a, R12b an ohmic voltage divider. Starting from this a capacitor C12a, C12b leads to the resistor R10 and forms a high pass with it.
  • further gas discharge lamps can also be provided be on the appropriate lamp branches with resonance choke and resonance capacitor and coupling capacitor connected and which other RC combinations 36 are assigned.
  • the inverter half bridge 6 provides an alternating voltage with which the low-pressure gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b are ignited and operated. Via the resistors R2a, R2b, the voltage monitoring circuit 27 detects a voltage that is less than a predetermined maximum value. Consequently, the voltage present at the control input 31 of the switch 32 does not exceed an ignition voltage which would be required to switch the switch 32 with a low resistance.
  • the low-pressure gas discharge lamp 2a and / or 2b shows an error which causes the operating voltage to rise inadmissibly, this is detected by the voltage monitoring circuit 27 and the switch 32 is ignited by a signal at its control input 31. It clamps the supply voltage V CC to a level below UVLO via the Zener diode DZ2. This completely blocks the inverter half bridge 6. This state is maintained by the switch 32 being held in place. A corresponding self-holding current is supplied from the DC link voltage via resistor R1.
  • the output capacitors of the subcircuits 27a, 27b can also be combined. It add up the capacitor the two subcircuits 27a, 27b Delivered loads what a switching off the half bridge 6 causes when both lamps 2a, 2b out of their sockets are removed. This serves to protect the half-bridge 6.
  • An electronic ballast 1 for the alternative Operation of one or more gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b points to the control of its inverter half bridge 6 a drive circuit 11 on the inverter frequency pretends.
  • the drive circuit 11 is in a locked state brought in by the inverter half bridge 6 locks. This is done using a thyristor-like Circuit that the supply voltage of the control circuit 11 decreased below a UVLO value.
  • a detector circuit provided the insertion of a new one Gas discharge lamp 2a, 2b recorded in their respective version. This is done by targeting a steep strong voltage rise at a connection of the gas discharge lamp accomplished that over the filament of the gas discharge lamp connected to the DC link voltage becomes.
  • the detector circuit contains a filter that the Filters out voltage rise and evaluates and interference voltages suppresses the otherwise faulty re-ignition processes could lead.

Abstract

The electronic bias device (1) is used for parallel operation of at least two gas discharge lamps (2a,2b), supplied from a DC source via a half bridge voltage converter (6), with a control stage (11) for operation of the voltage converter when the supply voltage is above a threshold value. A controlled switch (32) is controlled by a monitoring stage (27) for detecting failure of one of the gas discharge lamps for reducing the supply voltage (Vcc) to below the threshold value required by the control stage, a second controlled switch (34) operated when replacement of the lamp is detected.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 1. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung ein fremdgesteuertes Vorschaltgerät mit einem Wechselrichter, dessen Frequenz von einem gesteuerten Oszillator vorgegeben ist. The invention relates to an electronic ballast with the features of the preamble of the claim 1. In particular, the invention relates to an externally controlled Ballast with an inverter whose Frequency specified by a controlled oscillator is.

Zum Betrieb von Niederdruck-Gasentladungslampen werden zunehmend Vorschaltgeräte eingesetzt, die die betreffende Gasentladungslampe nicht nur zünden und mit der erforderlichen Spannung und dem gewünschten Strom beliefern, sondern darüberhinaus den Betrieb der Lampe überwachen. Bei praktisch aufgebauten Leuchten sind häufig mehrere Lampen zusammengefasst, die dann jeweils gesondert mit Strom und Spannung versorgt werden müssen. Dazu sind Vorschaltgeräte bekannt geworden, die den gleichzeitigen Parallelbetrieb von zwei Niederdruck-Gasentladungslampen gestatten. Auch hier ist eine Überwachung des Betriebs jeder einzelnen Lampe erforderlich.For the operation of low pressure gas discharge lamps ballasts increasingly used that the concerned Do not just ignite and discharge the gas discharge lamp supply the required voltage and current, but also monitor the operation of the lamp. With practically constructed lights are common several lamps grouped together, each separately must be supplied with current and voltage. To ballasts have become known that the simultaneous Parallel operation of two low pressure gas discharge lamps allow. Here too is a monitoring of the operation every single lamp required.

Bspw. ist aus der EP 0 239 793 B1 ein freischwingendes elektronisches Vorschaltgerät bekannt geworden, das zwei Gasentladungslampen gleichzeitig versorgen kann. Dazu dient ein freischwingender Wechselrichter, der zwei miteinander parallel geschaltete Serienresonazkreise speist. Jedem Serienresonanzkreis ist eine eigene Niederdruck-Gasentladungslampe zugeordnet. Zur Überwachung des Spannungsabfalls an den Gasentladungslampen ist die jeweilige vorgeschaltete Resonanzinduktivität als Übertrager ausgebildet, dessen Spannungsabfall bei steigender Lampenspannung ebenfalls steigt. Die Sekundärseiten der beiden Übertrager sind mit einer Detektorschaltung verbunden, die über eine Triggerschaltung an die Steuerelektrode eines Thyristors angeschlossen ist. Dieser erdet im Fehlerfall die Basis eines Wechselrichtertransistors, um diese zu inaktivieren und somit das Vorschaltgerät stillzusetzen. Über eine Widerstandskombination wird der Thyristor aus der Zwischenkreisspannung mit einem Haltestrom versorgt, und sperrt somit das Vorschaltgerät dauerhaft. Um einen Lampenwechsel nach Wiederanlauf zu ermöglichen, ist für jede Lampe ein Löschkondensator vorgesehen, der beim Einsetzen der Lampe den Thyristorstrom kurzzeitig übernimmt und diesen somit sperrt. E.g. is a free-swinging from EP 0 239 793 B1 electronic ballast became known, that can supply two gas discharge lamps at the same time. A free-swinging inverter, the two Series resonance circuits connected in parallel feeds. Each series resonance circuit has its own low-pressure gas discharge lamp assigned. To monitor the The voltage drop across the gas discharge lamps is the respective one upstream resonance inductance as a transformer trained, the voltage drop with increasing Lamp voltage also rises. The secondary pages of the both transmitters are connected to a detector circuit, via a trigger circuit to the control electrode a thyristor is connected. This is grounded in the Failure to base the base of an inverter transistor to deactivate them and thus shut down the ballast. The thyristor is connected via a resistor combination from the DC link voltage with a holding current supplies, and thus permanently blocks the ballast. To enable lamp replacement after restart, an extinguishing capacitor is provided for each lamp briefly the thyristor current when the lamp is inserted takes over and thus blocks it.

Werden in einem Fehlerfall, bei dem die Gasentladungslampen verloschen, sind beide herausgenommen und zunächst eine intake Lampe wieder eingesetzt, gibt diese das Vorschaltgerät frei und zündet.In the event of an error in which the Gas discharge lamps extinguished, both have been removed and first put an intake lamp back in there this releases the ballast and ignites.

Das freischwingende Vorschaltgerät ist hinsichtlich seiner Frequenz nicht stabil, so dass damit gerechnet werden muss, dass die einzelne eingesetzte Lampe eine Leistung aufnehmen muss, die höher ist als bei Normalbetrieb. Wird nun, bspw. weil lediglich eine einzige Gasentladungslampe gewünscht wird, keine zweite Lampe eingesetzt, wird die Gasentladungslampe überlastet. Jedoch ist es gelegentlich zu wünschen, eine Leuchte alternativ mit ein- oder zwei (oder mehreren) Gasentladungslampen betreiben zu können, um Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten hinsichtlich der Helligkeit zu haben.The free-swinging ballast is regarding its frequency is not stable, so that is expected must be that the individual lamp used a Power must be higher than in normal operation. Now, for example because only a single gas discharge lamp no second lamp is required, the gas discharge lamp is overloaded. However is it is sometimes wished to use a lamp as an alternative operate one or two (or more) gas discharge lamps to be able to design options regarding of brightness.

Um den Thyristor bei der bekannten obengenannten Schaltung bei Wiedereinsetzen der Lampe löschen zu lassen, ist ein Löschkondensator erforderlich der eine Mindestladung aufnehmen muss. Dieser im Abschaltfalle nach herausnehmen der Lampe auf Zwischenkreisspannung aufgeladene Kondensator muss nicht nur eine Mindestkapazität, sondern darüber hinaus eine Spannungsfestigkeit aufweisen die der Zwischenkreisspannung entspricht. Darüberhinaus muss er schaltfest sein. Es ergibt sich somit eine erhebliche Bauelementegröße. Für jede Gasentladungslampe ist jeweils ein Kondensator erforderlich, womit sich deren Größen summieren. Dies steht einer Verkleinerung des Vorschaltgeräts im Wege.To the thyristor in the known above To have the circuit deleted when the lamp is replaced, an extinguishing capacitor is required with a minimum charge must record. This after switching off take out the lamp charged to intermediate circuit voltage Capacitor not only has a minimum capacitance, but also have a dielectric strength which corresponds to the DC link voltage. Furthermore it must be switch-proof. The result is a considerable one Component size. For every gas discharge lamp one capacitor is required, which makes them Sum sizes. This represents a downsizing of the ballast in the way.

Schließlich muss bei der Konzeption des elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts auch noch beachtet werden, dass es bei einem erfassten Fehlerfall sicher abschaltet und in diesem Zustand verbleibt, bis der Fehler behoben ist. Ein Wiederanlauf bei noch bestehendem Fehler ist zu vermeiden. Finally, when designing the electronic Ballast should also be noted that it in the event of a detected fault, it switches off safely and this state remains until the error is corrected. On Avoid restarting if there is still an error.

Daraus ergibt sich die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät zu schaffen, das alternativ den Betrieb einer- oder mehrerer Gasentladungslampen gestatten, und nach Abschaltung infolge eines unzulässigen Betriebszustandes beim Einsetzen einer Lampe wieder anläuft, ohne vom Netz getrennt werden zu müssen.This results in the one on which the invention is based Task of creating an electronic ballast, alternatively the operation of one or more gas discharge lamps allow, and after shutdown as a result an impermissible operating state when inserting a Lamp starts again without being disconnected from the mains have to.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Vorschaltgerät mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This task is performed by a ballast with the Features of claim 1 solved.

Das erfindungsgemäße elektronische Vorschaltgerät weist wenigstens eine Wechselrichterhalbbrücke auf, die von einer Ansteuerschaltung fremdgesteuert ist. Die Ansteuerschaltung gibt die Arbeitsfrequenz vor, so dass unerwünschte Rückwirkungen aus dem Lampenkreis auf die Arbeitfrequenz vermindert oder ausgeschlossen werden können. Die feste Frequenz schafft in den einzelnen Lampenkreisen Verhältnisse, die unabhängig von der Anzahl der an die Wechselrichterhalbbrücke angeschlossenen Lampenkreise sind. Damit ist das elektronische Vorschaltgerät dazu geeingnet, bedarfsweise unterschiedliche Entladungslampenzahlen zu bedienen. Wird bspw. an einem für zwei Gasentladungslampen vorgesehenes Vorschaltgerät lediglich eine einzige angeschlossen, kann diese betrieben werden ohne dass sie überlastet wird und ihre Lebensdauer somit sinkt. Aus diese Weise werden auch ansonsten gegen Ende der Lebensdauer der überlasteten Gasentladungslampe auftretende UV-Emissionen vermieden oder vermindert.The electronic ballast according to the invention has at least one inverter half bridge that is externally controlled by a control circuit. The control circuit specifies the working frequency so that undesirable effects from the lamp circle on the Working frequency can be reduced or excluded. The fixed frequency creates in the individual lamp circles Ratios regardless of the number of lamp circuits connected to the inverter half bridge are. This is the electronic ballast suitable for this, if necessary different discharge lamp numbers to use. For example, on one for two Ballast provided for gas discharge lamps only if only one is connected, it can be operated without being overloaded and thus its lifespan sinks. This way you will otherwise end up the lifetime of the overloaded gas discharge lamp Avoided or reduced UV emissions.

Das elektronische Vorschaltgerät ist mit einer Spannungsüberwachungseinrichtung versehen, die die Brennspannung jeder einzelnen Gasentladungslampe überwacht. Sobald auch nur eine der vorhandenen Gasentladungslampen eine Brennspannung aufweist, die einen Maximalwert übersteigt, wird die Ansteuerschaltung der Wechselrichterhalbbrücke inaktiviert und die Wechselrichterhalbbrücke wird vollständig gesperrt. Die Abschaltung erfolgt, indem ein erster Schalter mit Durchbruchcharateristik eingeschaltet wird, der die Versorgungsspannung der Ansteuerschaltung unter einem Schwellwert UVLO (Undervoltagelockout) zieht, unterhalb dessen die Ansteuerschaltung die Wechselrichterhalbbrücke sperrt. Dem ersten Schalter parallel ist ein zweiter Schalter geschaltet, der bei Wiedereinsetzen wenigstens eine Gasentladungslampe die Versorgungsspannung der Ansteuerschaltung kurzzeitig noch weiter absenkt, so dass der erste Schalter sperren kann. Die Erfassung des Einsetzes der Gasentladungslampe in ihre Fassung, d.h. des Verbindes mit dem Vorschaltgerät kann sehr leistungsarm erfolgen. Dies ermöglicht der zweite gesteuerte Schalter für den lediglich die Steuerleistung aufgebracht werden muss. Damit können die zu seiner Ansteuerung vorgesehenen Bauelementen die eine Verbindung zu der Gasentladungslampe herstellen, niedrig belastete Bauelemente sein. Es können Kondensatoren niedriger Spannungsfestigkeit und hochohmige Widerstände verwendet werden. Die ermöglicht vor allem die Verwendung von Bauelementen mit sehr kleinen Abmessungen und insbesondere von SMD-Bauelementen (Surface Mounted Devices).The electronic ballast is equipped with a voltage monitoring device provided that the burning voltage monitors each individual gas discharge lamp. As soon as even just one of the existing gas discharge lamps Has a burning voltage that exceeds a maximum value, becomes the control circuit of the inverter half bridge deactivated and the inverter half bridge becomes complete blocked. The shutdown is done by a first Switch with breakdown characteristics switched on which is the supply voltage of the control circuit below a threshold UVLO (Undervoltagelockout) pulls below which the control circuit blocks the inverter half bridge. The first switch A second switch is connected in parallel Reinstall at least one gas discharge lamp Supply voltage of the control circuit for a short time further lowered so that the first switch can lock. The detection of the insertion of the gas discharge lamp in their version, i.e. the connection with the ballast can be done very poorly. This enables the second controlled switch for only the control power must be applied. So that can his control provided components the one Connect to the gas discharge lamp, low be loaded components. Capacitors can be lower Dielectric strength and high impedance resistors are used become. Above all, this enables use of components with very small dimensions and in particular of SMD components (Surface Mounted Devices).

Dies wird auch dadurch ermöglicht, dass die Versorgungsspannung der Ansteuerschaltung lediglich auf einen relativ großen von Null verschiedenen Wert abgesenkt wird, der aber unter der Schwellspannung UVLO zu inaktivierung der Ansteuerschaltung liegt. Dadurch kann der selbsthaltende erste Schalter ganz gesperrt werden, ohne dass der zweite gesteuerte Schalter ganz durchgeschaltet (sehr niederohmig gemacht) werden muss. Es genügt, wenn dieser das Potential lediglich etwas weiter absenkt, was es ebenfalls ermöglicht, die entsprechende Überwachungsschaltung hochohmig auszulegen.This is also made possible by the supply voltage the control circuit only to one relatively large non-zero value will inactivate but under the threshold voltage UVLO the control circuit. This allows the self-locking first switches can be locked entirely without that the second controlled switch is turned on completely (made very low impedance). It is enough if this just lowers the potential a little more, what it also enables the appropriate monitoring circuit high impedance.

Die einen im Wesentlichen festen Potentialversatzerzeugende Schaltung kann eine Z-Diode oder ein anderweitiges Bauelement wie bspw. ein Widerstand sein. Eine Knick-Kennlinie (Z-Diode, Leuchtdiode oder dgl.) ist jedoch vorteilhaft. Die Detektorschaltung ist vorzugsweise an einen Anschluss der Gasentladungslampe angeschlossen, der über die Wendel der Gasentladungslampe mit Gleichspannung beaufschlagten Schaltungspunkt angeschlossen ist. Die Gleichspannung ist in der Regel die Zwischenkreisspannung. Zwar liegen bei Lampenbetrieb auch an diesem Schaltungspunkt Wechselspannungen unterschiedlicher Frequenz an, die dann über der Wendel abfallen, jedoch sind diese Wechselspannungen eindeutig von Spannungsspitzen unterscheidbar, die auftreten, wenn dieser Anschluss beim Einsetzen der Lampe von nahezu Massepotential sprungartig auf Zwischenkreisspannung gebracht wird. Die Trennung der auftretenden Signale kann in einfacher Weise von einer Filterschaltung vorgenommen werden, die insbesondere einen Hochpass enthält. Zur Unterdrückung von Störfrequenzen niederfrequenter Art könnnen Tiefpässe vorgesehen werden, so dass sich letzlich eine Bandpasscharakteristik oder eine anderweitige geeignete Filtercharakteristik ergibt.Which creates an essentially fixed potential offset Circuit can be a zener diode or a other component such as a resistor. A kink characteristic (Z diode, light emitting diode or the like) is however advantageous. The detector circuit is preferred connected to a connection of the gas discharge lamp, with the filament of the gas discharge lamp DC voltage applied circuit point connected is. The DC voltage is usually that DC link voltage. There are also lamp operation at this circuit point alternating voltages different Frequency, which then drop above the helix, however, these AC voltages are clearly of voltage peaks distinguishable that occur when this Connection when inserting the lamp of almost ground potential is suddenly brought to intermediate circuit voltage. The separation of the occurring signals can be made easier Way made by a filter circuit that contains in particular a high pass. For suppression of low-frequency interference frequencies can be low-pass filters be provided so that there is ultimately a bandpass characteristic or another suitable filter characteristic results.

Als gesteuerter Schalter zur Abschaltung bei Lampenfehlern (erster Schalter) kann ein Thyristor oder einen Transistor-Ersatzschaltung für diesen verwendet werden, die einen pnp-Transistor und einen npn-Transistor enthält, die mit Kollektoren und Basis gegeneinander geschaltet sind. Die Emitter bilden die Enden der Schaltstrecke, wobei eine Basis einen Steuereingang bildet. Der Vorteil der Transistorkombination liegt in dem einstellbaren und vorzugsweisen relativ geringen Haltestrom, der bei abgeschaltetem Vorschaltgerät aus der Zwischenkreisspannung entnommen werden muss, und somit eine geringe bei abgeschalteten Vorschaltgerät auftretende Verlustleistung zur Folge hat. Ist der Haltestrom sehr gering, kann auch der zweite Schalter relativ hochohmig ausgelegt werden was ebenfalls vorteilhaft sein kann. Darüber hinaus sind Transistoren als kostengünstige SMD-Bauelemente verfügbar. As a controlled switch for switching off lamp errors (first switch) can be a thyristor or a Transistor equivalent circuit can be used for this which contains a pnp transistor and an npn transistor, which are switched against each other with collectors and base are. The emitters form the ends of the switching path, with a base forming a control input. The The advantage of the transistor combination is that it is adjustable and preferably relatively low holding current, the with the ballast switched off from the DC link voltage must be removed, and thus a small one power loss occurring when the ballast is switched off has the consequence. If the holding current is very low, can the second switch can also be designed to be relatively high-resistance which can also be beneficial. Furthermore transistors are available as inexpensive SMD components.

Die Gasentladungslampen sind jeweils einzeln einem Kondensator eines Reihenresonanzkreises parallel geschaltet, wobei die Reihenresonanzkreise wiederum parallel an den Ausgang der Wechselrichterhalbbrücke angeschlossen sind. Dies führt zu einer Entkopplung der Gasentladungslampen voneinander.The gas discharge lamps are individually one each Capacitor of a series resonance circuit connected in parallel, the series resonance circuits turn on in parallel connected the output of the inverter half bridge are. This leads to a decoupling of the gas discharge lamps from each other.

Weitere Einzelheiten vorteilhafter Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus Unteransprüchen der Beschreibung und der dazugehörigen Zeichnungen.Further details of advantageous embodiments result from subclaims of the description and the associated drawings.

In der einzigen Figur der Zeichnung ist ein Prinzipschaltbild des erfindungsgemäßen Vorschaltgeräts veranschaulicht, das neben einer Schaltung zur Abschaltung bei Überspannung an einer angeschlossenen Gasentladungslampe eine weitere Schaltungskomponete zum Ermöglichen eines automatischen Wiederanlaufs enthält. In the single figure of the drawing is a block diagram of the ballast according to the invention, that in addition to a circuit for switching off Overvoltage on a connected gas discharge lamp another circuit component to enable one automatic restart contains.

Beschreibungdescription

In der Figur ist ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät 1 im Prinzipschaltbild dargestellt, das dem Betrieb von einer oder mehreren Niederdruckgasentladungslampen 2a, 2b dient. Das elektronische Vorschaltgerät 1 weist eine Netzgleichrichter- und Wandlerschaltung 3 auf, die eine Zwischenkreisspannung von ungefähr 400 Volt gegen Masse 4 abgibt. Zur Erzeugung der zum Betrieb der Niederdruckgasentladungslampen 2a, 2b erforderlichen symmetrischen Wechselspannung aus der Zwischenkreisspannung dient eine Wechselrichterhalbbrücke 6 die im vorliegenden Beispiel durch zwei MOSFETs 7, 8 gebildet ist. Deren Drain-Source Strecken sind jeweils von Schutzdioden überbrückt. Die Wechselrichterhalbbrücke 6 ist zwischen die Zwischenkreisspannung und Masse 4 geschaltet.In the figure there is an electronic ballast 1 shown in the schematic diagram, which is the operation of one or more low pressure gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b serves. The electronic ballast 1 has one Mains rectifier and converter circuit 3, the one DC link voltage of approximately 400 volts to ground 4 delivers. To generate the to operate the low pressure gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b required symmetrical AC voltage from the DC link voltage is used Inverter half bridge 6 in the present example is formed by two MOSFETs 7, 8. Their drain-source Lines are bridged by protective diodes. The Inverter half bridge 6 is between the intermediate circuit voltage and ground 4 switched.

Zur Ansteuerung der Wechelrichterhalbbrücke 6 dient eine vorzugsweise einen integrierten Schaltkreis wie bspw. den L 6569 von SGS-Thomson enthaltende Ansteuerschaltung 11, die zwei mit den Gates der MOSFETs 7, 8 verbundene Ausgangsanschlüsse 12, 13 aufweist. Die integrierte Schaltung der Ansteuerschaltung 11 ist mit einer nicht weiter dargestellten Außenbeschaltung versehen, die eine bestimmte Arbeitsfrequenz einstellt. Dies bedeutet, dass an den Ausgangsanschlüssen 12, 13 im Gegentakt Ansteuersignale für die MOSFETs 7, 8 mit einer gegebenen Frequenz so anliegen, dass die MOSFETs 7, 8 abwechselnd jedoch nicht überlappend öffnen oder leitend werden.Serves to control the inverter half bridge 6 a preferably an integrated circuit like For example, the drive circuit containing the L 6569 from SGS-Thomson 11, the two with the gates of the MOSFETs 7, 8 connected output terminals 12, 13. The Integrated circuit of the control circuit 11 is with an external circuit, not shown, which sets a certain working frequency. This means that on the output connections 12, 13 in push-pull Control signals for the MOSFETs 7, 8 with a given frequency so that the MOSFETs 7, 8 alternately however, do not open overlapping or conductive become.

Die Ansteuerschaltung 11 weist einen Versorgungsspannungsanschluss VCC auf, über den sie mit Betriebsspannung und gleichzeitig mit Informationen darüber versehen wird, ob sie die MOSFETs 7, 8 ansteuern oder sperren soll: The control circuit 11 has a supply voltage connection V CC , via which it is provided with operating voltage and at the same time with information as to whether it should control or block the MOSFETs 7, 8:

Überschreitet die Versorgungsspannung VCC einen festgelegten Schwellwert UVL (Undervoltage locking) steuert die Ansteuerschaltung 11 die MOSFETs 7, 8 alternierend mit einer Frequenz auf und zu, die durch die Außenbeschaltungvorgegeben ist. Unterschreitet die Versorgungsspannung VCC den Schwellwert UVLO, werden beide MOSFETs 7, 8 gesperrt.If the supply voltage V CC exceeds a defined threshold value UVL (undervoltage locking), the control circuit 11 drives the MOSFETs 7, 8 alternately at and with a frequency which is predetermined by the external circuitry. If the supply voltage V CC falls below the threshold value UVLO, both MOSFETs 7, 8 are blocked.

Die Erzeugung der Versorgungsspannung erfolgt, wenn das elektronische Vorschaltgerät 1 läuft, d.h. die angeschlossenen Niederdruckgasentladungslampen 2a, 2b leuchten, aus der von der Wechselrichterhalbbrücke 6 erzeugten Rechteckspannung. Dazu dienen zwei Kondensatoren C1 und C2, die beide mit jeweils einem Anschluss mit einem Verbindungspunkt 16 verbunden sind, der den Ausgang der Wechselrichterhalbbrücke 6 bildet. Der Verbindungspunkt 16 ist durch die Verbindung von Source and Drain von den MOSFETs 7, 8 gebildet. Über den mit den Kondensatoren C1 und C2 in Reihe geschaltete Dioden D1 und D2 werden mit der Wechselrichterfrequenz von ungefähr 30 kHz Ladungspakete auf einen gegen Masse 4 geschalteten Glättungs- oder Pufferkondensator C3 gepumpt, von dem die Versorgungsspannung zu dem entsprechenden Versorgungsspannungsanschluss der Ansteuerschaltung 11 geführt ist. Eine Spannungsüberhöhung wird durch eine Z-Diode DZ1 verhindert, die mit der Anode von D1 verbunden und mit ihrer eigenen Anode gegen Masse geschaltet ist.The supply voltage is generated when the electronic ballast 1 is running, i.e. the connected Low-pressure gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b light up, from the one generated by the inverter half bridge 6 Square wave voltage. Two capacitors C1 and C2, both with one connection each with a connection point 16 connected to the output of the Inverter half bridge 6 forms. The connection point 16 is by the connection of source and drain of the MOSFETs 7, 8 formed. Via the capacitor C1 and C2 series connected diodes D1 and D2 are connected the inverter frequency of approximately 30 kHz charge packets to a smoothing connected to ground 4 or buffer capacitor C3, of which the Supply voltage to the corresponding supply voltage connection the control circuit 11 is performed. An excess voltage is prevented by a Zener diode DZ1, which are connected to the anode of D1 and to their own anode is connected to ground.

Um die Erzeugung der Versorgungsspannung für die Ansteuerschaltung 11 zu ermöglichen, noch bevor die Wechselrichterhalbbrücke 6 angesteuert ist und wechselrichtet, ist ein Widerstand R1 vorgesehen, der mit einem Ende mit der Zwischenkreisspannung und mit seinem anderen Ende mit dem Kondensator C3 verbunden ist. Über den Widerstand R1 wird der Kondensator C3 mit einem geringen Strom geladen, bis die Spannung an dem Kondensator C3 die Schwellspannung UVLI überschreitet und die Ansteuerschaltung 11 anläuft. To generate the supply voltage for the Enable control circuit 11 even before the inverter half bridge 6 is controlled and inverts, a resistor R1 is provided, which has one end with the DC link voltage and with its other end is connected to the capacitor C3. About the resistance R1, capacitor C3 is charged with a low current, until the voltage on the capacitor C3 the Threshold voltage exceeds UVLI and the control circuit 11 starts.

Die von dem elektronischen Vorschaltgerät zu betreibenden Gasentladungslampen 2a, 2b sind unmittelbar über eine jeweilige Resonanzdrossel L1a, L1b und einen jeweiligen Koppelkondensator C4a, C4b an den Verbindungspunkt 16 angeschlossen, der den Ausgang der Wechselricherhalbbrücke 6 bildet und mit der von der Ansteuerschaltung 11 vorgegebenen Frequenz zwischen der Zwischenkreisspannung und Masse hin- und her geschaltet wird. Die Reihenschaltung der Resonanzdrossel L1a und des Koppelkondensators C4a ist über eine nicht weiter dargestellte Lampenfassung mit einem Anschluss 21a der Gasentladungslampe 2a verbunden. Der Anschluss führt über eine in der Gasentladungslampe 2a liegende Wendel 22a, zu einem Anschluss 23a nach außen, der über einen Resonanzkondensator C5a an einem weiteren Anschluss 24a der Gasentladungslampe 2a angeschlossen ist, der zu einer Wendel 25a und über diese zu einem Anschluss 26a geführt ist, der an der Zwischenkreisspannung liegt.Those to be operated by the electronic ballast Gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b are immediately above a respective resonance choke L1a, L1b and a respective one Coupling capacitor C4a, C4b to the connection point 16 connected to the output of the inverter half bridge 6 forms and with that of the control circuit 11th predetermined frequency between the intermediate circuit voltage and mass is switched back and forth. The series connection of the resonance choke L1a and the coupling capacitor C4a is via a lamp holder, not shown connected to a terminal 21a of the gas discharge lamp 2a. The connection is made via a in the gas discharge lamp 2a lying coil 22a, to a connection 23a outside, which is connected to a resonance capacitor C5a further connection 24a of the gas discharge lamp 2a is connected to a coil 25a and over this to a connection 26a, which is connected to the intermediate circuit voltage lies.

Während die Resonanzdrossel L1a und der Resonanzkondensator C5a einen Reihenresonanzkreis bilden, der im ungedämpften Resonanzfall an der Gasentladungslampe 2a eine Spannung abfallen lässt, die die Zwischenkreisspannung überschreiten kann, dient der Koppelkondensator C4a lediglich der gleichstrommäßigen Trennung der Gasentladungslampe 2 von der Wechselrichterhalbbrücke 6, so dass der Lampenstrom keinen Gleichanteil enthält.While the resonance inductor L1a and the resonance capacitor C5a form a series resonance circuit, which in undamped resonance case at the gas discharge lamp 2a a voltage drop that drops the intermediate circuit voltage can serve, the coupling capacitor C4a only the direct current separation of the gas discharge lamp 2 from the inverter half bridge 6, so that the lamp current contains no DC component.

Ein identisch aufgebauter, parallel geschalteter Lampenzweig enthält die Gasentladungslampe 2b, sowie eine Reihenresonanzdrossel L1b einen Koppelkondensator C4b sowie einen Resonanzkondensator C5b.An identically constructed, parallel connected Lamp branch contains the gas discharge lamp 2b and one Series resonance choke L1b a coupling capacitor C4b and a resonance capacitor C5b.

Zur Überwachung der an den Gasentladungslampen 2a, 2b abfallenden Spannungen dient eine Spannungsüberwachungsschaltung 27, die zwei Schaltungsteile 27a, 27b enthält, die jeweils den Gasentladungslampen 2a, 2b zugeordnet sind. Sie sind jeweils über einen hochohmigen Widerstand R2a, R2b mit dem lampenseitigen Ende der jeweiligen Resonanzdrossel L1a, L1b verbunden. Jeder Schaltungsteil 27a, 27b enthält eingangsseitig noch einen Eingangswiderstand R3a, R3b der mit dem jeweiligen Widerstand R2a, R2b einen Spannungsteiler bildet und der gegen Masse 4 geschaltet ist.To monitor the on the gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b falling voltages is used Voltage monitoring circuit 27, the two circuit parts 27a, 27b, each containing the gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b are assigned. They are each one high-resistance resistor R2a, R2b with the lamp side End of the respective resonance choke L1a, L1b connected. Each circuit part 27a, 27b still contains on the input side an input resistor R3a, R3b with the respective Resistor R2a, R2b forms a voltage divider and the is connected to ground 4.

Dem Eingangswiderstand R3a, R3b ist jeweils eine Spannungsverdopplerschaltung 28a, 28b nachgeschaltet, die mit ihrem Ausgang 29a, 29b ein Gleichspannungssignal abgibt, das der Lampenspannung der jeweiligen Gasentladungslampe 2a, 2b entspricht. Die Ausgänge 29a, 29b der Teilschaltungen 27a, 27b sind miteinander parallel geschaltet und mit einem Steuereingang 31 eines ersten steuerbaren Schalters 32 verbunden, der mit einem Ende gegen Masse 4 geschaltet ist. Sein anderes Ende ist über eine Spannungsversatzschaltung 33 mit der Versorgungsspannung der Ansteuerschaltung 11 verbunden.The input resistance R3a, R3b is one Downstream voltage doubler circuit 28a, 28b, the outputs a DC voltage signal with its output 29a, 29b, that of the lamp voltage of the respective Corresponds to gas discharge lamp 2a, 2b. The outputs 29a, 29b of the subcircuits 27a, 27b are parallel to one another switched and with a control input 31 of a first controllable switch 32 connected to a End is connected to ground 4. Its other end is via a voltage offset circuit 33 with the supply voltage the control circuit 11 connected.

Der Schalter 32 wird durch einen npn-Transistor T1 und einen pnp-Transistor T2 gebildet. Der Emitter von T1 liegt an Masse 4 und sein Kollektor ist mit der Basis von T2 verbunden. Der Kollektor von T2 ist an die Basis von T1 angeschlossen, die außerdem über einen Widerstand R4 und einen Kondensator C5 gegen Masse 4 geschaltet ist. Die Basis von T2 ist über einen Widerstand R5 und einen Kondensator C6 mit seinem Emitter verbunden. Die Transistoren T1 und T2 bilden eine bistabile Schaltung die entweder einen nichtleitenden Zustand einnimmt, bei dem die Strecke von dem Emitter von T2 von dem Emitter von T1 gesperrt ist (Sperrzustand) oder leitet (Leitzustand). Durch ein Spannungssignal an dem Steuereingang 31 wird der Schalter 32 über eine Z-Diode DZ3 von seinem Sperrzustand in seinen Leitzustand überführt, der so lange aufrecht erhalten wird, bis ein durch den Widerstand R5 einstellbarer geringer Haltestrom unterschritten ist. Im Leitzustand liegt der Emitter von T2 nahezu auf Masse 4. The switch 32 is turned on by an NPN transistor T1 and a pnp transistor T2 is formed. The T1 emitter is connected to ground 4 and its collector is based on T2 connected. The collector of T2 is at the base of T1 connected, which also has a resistor R4 and a capacitor C5 is connected to ground 4. The base of T2 is through a resistor R5 and one Capacitor C6 connected to its emitter. The transistors T1 and T2 form a bistable circuit which either assumes a non-conductive state in which the Distance from the emitter of T2 from the emitter of T1 is locked (locked state) or conducts (leading state). By a voltage signal at the control input 31 the switch 32 via a Zener diode DZ3 from its blocking state transferred to its leading state, which lasted so long is maintained until a through resistor R5 adjustable holding current is not reached. in the In the leading state, the emitter of T2 is almost at ground 4.

Die Spannungsversatzschaltung 33, die im einfachsten Fall durch eine Z-Diode DZ2 gebildet wird, weist einen Spannungsabfall auf der geringer ist als die Schwellspannung UVLO. Damit wird die Ansteuerschaltung 11 reaktiviert, wenn der Schalter 32 leitet. Stellt die Spannungsüberwachungsschaltung 27 eine zu hohe Spannung an der Gasentleitungslampe 2a oder an der Gasentleitungslampe 2b fest, schaltet sie den Schalter 32 in seinen leitenden Zustand, wodurch dieser die Ansteuerschaltung 11 durch Absenken der Versorgungsspannung VCC unter UVLO sperrt.The voltage offset circuit 33, which in the simplest case is formed by a Zener diode DZ2, has a voltage drop that is less than the threshold voltage UVLO. Thus, the control circuit 11 is reactivated when the switch 32 conducts. If the voltage monitoring circuit 27 detects an excessively high voltage on the gas discharge lamp 2a or on the gas discharge lamp 2b, it switches the switch 32 to its conductive state, as a result of which the switch circuit 11 is blocked by lowering the supply voltage V CC under UVLO.

Um einen Wiederanlauf nach Lampenwechsel zu ermöglichen, ist die Versorgungsspannung VCC zusätzlich über einen optionalen Widerstand R7 mit einem steuerbaren Schalter 34 verbunden, der gegen Masse 4 geschaltet ist. Der Schalter 34 muss kein Schalter im binären Sinne sein, sondern weist einen nichtleitenden Zustand auf, in dem der Strompfad von dem Widerstand R7 zu Masse 4 gesperrt ist, sowie einen weiteren Zustand in dem ein gewisser Stromfluss zugelassen wird, wobei der in den Widerstand des Schalters 34 hier durchaus noch einen relativ großen Wert haben kann.In order to enable a restart after changing the lamp, the supply voltage V CC is additionally connected via an optional resistor R7 to a controllable switch 34 which is connected to ground 4. The switch 34 does not have to be a switch in the binary sense, but has a non-conductive state in which the current path from the resistor R7 to ground 4 is blocked, and a further state in which a certain current flow is permitted, which in the resistance of the Switch 34 can still have a relatively large value here.

Der Schalter 34 wird durch eine Schaltung gebildet, deren Hauptteil ein npn-Transistor T3 ist. Sein Emitter liegt auf Masse 4 und sein Kollektor ist mit R7 verbunden. Seine Basis ist zur Vermeidung von Störungen mit einem Kondensator C10 gegen Masse 4 geschaltet. Parallel zu C10 ist ein Widerstand R10 vorgesehen, der T3 statisch in nicht leitendem Zustand hält. An die Basis von T3 sind außerdem zwei RC-Kombinationen 36a, 36b angeschlossen, die zu Abgriffschaltungen 37a, 37b gehören, die der Erfassung eines Lampenwechsels dienen. Jede Abgriff Schaltung 37a, 37b ist jeweils einer Gasentladungslampe 2a, 2b zugeordnet. Ausgangsseitig sind sie parallel geschaltet. Jede RC-Kombination 36a, 36b weist eingangsseitig einen Kondensator Clla, Cllb auf, der mit einem zu der jeweiligen RC-Kombination 36a, 36b führenden Widerstand R11a, R11b einen Tiefpass bildet. Zugleich bilden die Widerstände Rlla, R11b mit Eingangswiderständen R12a, R12b einen ohmschen Spannungsteiler. Von diesem ausgehend führt jeweils ein Kondensator C12a, C12b zu dem Widerstand R10 und bildet mit diesem einen Hochpass.The switch 34 is formed by a circuit the main part of which is an NPN transistor T3. His emitter is at ground 4 and its collector is connected to R7. Its basis is to avoid interference with a capacitor C10 connected to ground 4. Parallel to C10 a resistor R10 is provided, the T3 static holds in a non-conductive state. At the base of T3 are also two RC combinations 36a, 36b connected, belonging to tap circuits 37a, 37b, that of detection serve a lamp change. Any tap circuit 37a, 37b is a gas discharge lamp 2a, 2b assigned. On the output side, they are connected in parallel. Each RC combination 36a, 36b has one on the input side Capacitor Clla, Cllb on, with one at each RC combination 36a, 36b leading resistor R11a, R11b forms a low pass. At the same time, the resistors form Rlla, R11b with input resistors R12a, R12b an ohmic voltage divider. Starting from this a capacitor C12a, C12b leads to the resistor R10 and forms a high pass with it.

Anstelle der zwei Niederdruck-Gasentladungslampen 2a, 2b können auch weitere Gasentladungslampen vorgesehen sein, die dann an entsprechenden Lampenzweigen mit Resonanzdrossel und Resonazkondensator sowie Koppelkondensator angeschlossen sind und denen weitere RC-Kombinationen 36 zugeordnet sind.Instead of the two low pressure gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b, further gas discharge lamps can also be provided be on the appropriate lamp branches with resonance choke and resonance capacitor and coupling capacitor connected and which other RC combinations 36 are assigned.

Die insoweit beschriebene Schaltung arbeitet wie folgt:The circuit described so far works like follows:

Bei ordnungsgemäßem Betrieb der Gasentladungslampen 2a, 2b steht als Versorgungsspannung VCC für die Ansteuerschaltung 11 eine Spannung zur Verfügung, die den Schwellwert UVLO überschreitet. Die Wechselrichterhalbbrücke 6 stellt eine Wechselspannung bereit, mit der die Niederdruck-Gasentladungslampen 2a, 2b gezündet und betrieben werden. Über die Widerstände R2a, R2b erfasst die Spannungsüberwachungsschaltung 27 eine Spannung, die geringer ist als ein vorgegebener Maximalwert. Folglich übersteigt die an dem Steuereingang 31 des Schalters 32 anliegende Spannung eine Zündspannung nicht, die erforderlich wäre, um den Schalter 32 niederohmig zu schalten.When the gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b are operating properly, a voltage which exceeds the threshold value UVLO is available as the supply voltage V CC for the control circuit 11. The inverter half bridge 6 provides an alternating voltage with which the low-pressure gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b are ignited and operated. Via the resistors R2a, R2b, the voltage monitoring circuit 27 detects a voltage that is less than a predetermined maximum value. Consequently, the voltage present at the control input 31 of the switch 32 does not exceed an ignition voltage which would be required to switch the switch 32 with a low resistance.

Zeigt die Niederdruck-Gasentladungslampe 2a und/oder 2b jedoch einen Fehler, der die Brennspannung unzulässig ansteigen lässt, wird dies von der Spannungsüberwachungsschaltung 27 erfasst und der Schalter 32 wird durch ein Signal an seinem Steuereingang 31 gezündet. Er klemmt damit über die Z-Diode DZ2 die Versorgungsspannung VCC auf ein Maß unter UVLO. Damit sperrt die Wechselrichterhalbbrücke 6 vollständig. Dieser Zustand bleibt durch die Selbsthaltung des Schalters 32 erhalten. Ein entsprechender Selbsthaltestrom wird über den Widerstand R1 aus der Zwischenkreisspannung geliefert.However, if the low-pressure gas discharge lamp 2a and / or 2b shows an error which causes the operating voltage to rise inadmissibly, this is detected by the voltage monitoring circuit 27 and the switch 32 is ignited by a signal at its control input 31. It clamps the supply voltage V CC to a level below UVLO via the Zener diode DZ2. This completely blocks the inverter half bridge 6. This state is maintained by the switch 32 being held in place. A corresponding self-holding current is supplied from the DC link voltage via resistor R1.

Dieser Zustand bleibt auch noch erhalten, wenn die defekte oder beide Gasentladungslampen 2a, 2b aus der jeweiligen Fassung entnommen werden. Das an dem jeweiligen Anschluss 24a, 24b anliegende Ende des Widerstands Rlla, Rllb wird somit von der Zwischenkeisspannung getrennt und sinkt auf ein niedriges Potential oder Massepotential ab. Der Transistor T3 erhält auf keinem Wege Basisstrom und bleibt nach wie vor gesperrt. Sobald jedoch eine Gasentladungslampe 2a oder 2b in ihre jeweilige Fassung eingesetzt wird, wird der betreffende Anschluss 24a oder 24b mit der Zwischenkreisspannung verbunden. Der augenblickliche steile Spannungsanstieg erzeugt über dem jeweiligen Hochpasskondensator C12a oder C12b einen positivem Impuls an der Basis von T3, der dadurch kurzzeitig leitend wird. Mit seinem Kollektor zieht er über R7 die Spannung unter die von dem Schalter 32 und der Z-Diode DZ2 eingestellten Wert und übernimmt somit auch kurzzeitig den von R1 gelieferten Strom. Der Schalter 32 sperrt dadurch, so dass die Versorgungsspannung VCC, wenn der Transistor T3 kurzzeitig darauf folgend wieder sperrt, ihren zum Betrieb der Ansteuerschaltung 11 erforderlichen Wert annehmen kann.This state is also retained if the defective or both gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b are removed from the respective version. The end of the resistor Rlla, Rllb applied to the respective connection 24a, 24b is thus separated from the intermediate circuit voltage and drops to a low potential or ground potential. The transistor T3 receives no base current in any way and remains blocked. However, as soon as a gas discharge lamp 2a or 2b is inserted in its respective socket, the connection 24a or 24b in question is connected to the intermediate circuit voltage. The instantaneous steep voltage rise generates a positive pulse at the base of T3 across the respective high-pass capacitor C12a or C12b, which thereby becomes briefly conductive. With its collector, it pulls the voltage below R7 below the value set by the switch 32 and the Zener diode DZ2 and thus also temporarily takes over the current supplied by R1. The switch 32 thereby blocks, so that the supply voltage V CC , if the transistor T3 blocks again shortly thereafter, can assume its value required for the operation of the control circuit 11.

Die Ausgangskondensatoren der Teilschaltungen 27a, 27b können auch zusammengefasst sein. Es addieren sich an dem Kondensator die von beiden Teilschaltungen 27a, 27b gelieferten Ladungen was ein Abschalten der Halbbrücke 6 bewirkt, wenn beide Lampen 2a, 2b aus ihren Fassungen herausgenommen sind. Dies dient dem Schutz der Halbbrücke 6.The output capacitors of the subcircuits 27a, 27b can also be combined. It add up the capacitor the two subcircuits 27a, 27b Delivered loads what a switching off the half bridge 6 causes when both lamps 2a, 2b out of their sockets are removed. This serves to protect the half-bridge 6.

Ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät 1 zum alternativen Betrieb einer oder mehrerer Gasentladungslampen 2a, 2b weist zur Ansteuerung seiner Wechselrichterhalbbrücke 6 eine Ansteuerschaltung 11 auf, die die Wechselrichterfrequenz vorgibt. Bei Überspannung an einer der Gasentladungslampen wird die Ansteuerschaltung 11 in einen Verriegelungszustand gebracht, in dem sie die Wechselrichterhalbbrücke 6 sperrt. Dies erfolgt über eine thyristorähnliche Schaltung, die die Versorgungsspannung der Ansteuerschaltung 11 unter einen Wert UVLO vermindert. Zur Entriegelung und zur Wiederinbetriebnahme ist eine Detektorschaltung vorgesehen, die das Einsetzen einer neuen Gasentladungslampe 2a, 2b in ihre jeweilige Fassung erfasst. Dies wird durch gezielte Erfassung eines steilen starken Spannungsanstiegs an einem Anschluss der Gasentladungslampe bewerkstelligt, der über die Wendel der Gasentladungslampe mit der Zwischenkreisspannung verbunden wird. Die Detektorschaltung enthält ein Filter, das den Spannungsanstieg ausfiltert und auswertet und Störspannungen unterdrückt, die ansonsten zu fehlerhaften Wiederzündvorgängen führen könnten.An electronic ballast 1 for the alternative Operation of one or more gas discharge lamps 2a, 2b points to the control of its inverter half bridge 6 a drive circuit 11 on the inverter frequency pretends. In the event of overvoltage on one of the gas discharge lamps the drive circuit 11 is in a locked state brought in by the inverter half bridge 6 locks. This is done using a thyristor-like Circuit that the supply voltage of the control circuit 11 decreased below a UVLO value. For Unlocking and recommissioning is a detector circuit provided the insertion of a new one Gas discharge lamp 2a, 2b recorded in their respective version. This is done by targeting a steep strong voltage rise at a connection of the gas discharge lamp accomplished that over the filament of the gas discharge lamp connected to the DC link voltage becomes. The detector circuit contains a filter that the Filters out voltage rise and evaluates and interference voltages suppresses the otherwise faulty re-ignition processes could lead.

Claims (20)

  1. Electronic ballast (1), particularly for parallel operation of at least two low-pressure gas discharge lamps (2a, 2b),
    with a direct current voltage source (3) which serves for current supply to at least the gas discharge lamps (2) which each have two coils (22, 25) as electrodes,
    with at least one half-bridge (6) which is connected to the direct current voltage source (3) and delivers an alternating current voltage at an output terminal (16), its output terminal (16) being connected by way of coupling means (L1, C4) to the gas discharge lamps (2),
    with a control circuit (11) which is provided for the half-bridge (6), is connected by way of control terminals (12, 13) to the half-bridge (6) and controls the latter with a determinable frequency and has a supply voltage input connected to a supply voltage (Vcc),
    wherein when the supply voltage exceeds a threshold value (UVLI) the control circuit (11) goes into an active mode in which it controls the half-bridge (6) with a given frequency, and
    wherein when the supply voltage (Vcc) falls below the threshold value (UVLO) the control circuit (11) goes into a passive mode in which the half-bridge (6) locks,
    with a first controlled switch (32) with self-holding characteristic which is connected to the supply voltage (Vcc) towards earth (4) in order to reduce the supply voltage below the threshold value (UVLO) when it is closed,
    characterised in that
    the first controlled switch (32) is connected in series to a circuit (33) which when the switch (32) is closed produces a potential displacement and is alternatively controlled by a monitoring circuit (27) for the gas discharge lamps (2a, 2b) in such a way that the switch is closed when the monitoring circuit (27) detects an inadmissible state on at least one of the gas discharge lamps (2a, 2b), so that the supply voltage (Vcc) is lowered below the threshold value (UVLO) but not to zero, and
    that a second controlled switch (34) is provided which can alternatively assume a non-conductive state and a state in which it offers at least limited conductivity and in which it switches the first switch (32) so that it is non-conductive, the control input of the said switch being connected to a detector circuit (36) which is associated with the respective gas discharge lamp (2a, 2b) and detects the connection of a gas discharge lamp (2a, 2b) to the ballast (1).
  2. Ballast as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the circuit (33) which produces a substantially fixed potential displacement is a Z-diode (DZ2).
  3. Ballast as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the Z-diode (DZ1) has a breakdown voltage which is only slightly lower than the threshold value (UVLO).
  4. Ballast as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the circuit (33) which produces a substantially fixed potential displacement is a resistor (R).
  5. Ballast as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the detector circuit (35) is connected in each case to a terminal (24a, 24b) of the gas discharge lamp (2a, 2b), which terminal is connected by way of the coil (25a, 25b) to a point in the circuit (intermediate circuit voltage) which is supplied with direct current voltage.
  6. Ballast as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the detector circuit (35) in each case contains a filter circuit (36).
  7. Ballast as claimed in Claim 6, characterised in that the filter circuit (36) has a high-pass characteristic in a predetermined frequency range.
  8. Ballast as claimed in Claim 6, characterised in that the filter circuit (36) has a low-pass characteristic in a predetermined frequency range.
  9. Ballast as claimed in Claim 1, characterise din that the second switch (34) is connected to the supply voltage (Vcc) towards earth (4) and that the switch (34) lowers the supply voltage (Vcc)of the control circuit (11) further than the first switch (32) when at least the detector circuit (35) connected before it emits a signal.
  10. Ballast as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the first controlled switch (32) is formed by a p-n-p transistor (T2) and a n-p-n transistor (Tl), of which the base and collector are connected to one another alternately and the emitters form the outer terminals of the switching path of the switch (32), wherein a base forms a control input (31).
  11. Ballast as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the first controlled switch (32) is a thyristor.
  12. Ballast as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the second controlled switch (34) is a transistor (T3).
  13. Ballast as claimed in Claim 12, characterised in that the second controlled switch (34) is a n-p-n transistor (T3) which is operated in an emitter circuit, the collector thereof being connected to the supply voltage (Vcc) as required by way of a resistor and the emitter thereof being connected to earth (4).
  14. Ballast as claimed in Claim 13, characterised in that the base of the transistor (T3) is connected to a high-resistance resistor (R8) towards earth (4).
  15. Ballast as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that for detection of the use of at least one gas discharge lamp (2a, 2b) the monitoring circuits (35a, 35b) are formed by an arrangement one behind the other of a voltage divider with low-pass characteristic, a high-pass and a low-pass.
  16. Ballast as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the gas discharge lamps (2a, 2b) are each individually connected to a voltage-magnifying series-resonant circuit (L1a, C5a; L1b, C5b) in each case.
  17. Ballast as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the coupling element for connection of the gas discharge lamps to the half-bridge (6) is a coupling capacitor (C4) for suppression of direct current components.
  18. Ballast as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that for monitoring the voltage on the gas discharge lamp (2) the first monitoring circuit (27) has a high-resistance current path (R2a, R2b) which, starting from one end of a resonant choke (L1a, L1b) connected with its other end to the half-bridge (6), leads in each case to a resistor (R3a, R3b) connected towards earth (4) and forms a voltage divider (R2a, R3a; R2b, R3b) therewith.
  19. Ballast as claimed in Claim 18, characterised in that a rectifying circuit (28) is connected to the voltage divider (R2a, R3a; R2b, R3b).
  20. Ballast as claimed in Claim 19, characterised in that the rectifying circuit (28a, 28b) has an output (29a, 29b) which is connected to the control terminal (31) of the first controllable switch (32).
EP98106203A 1997-04-12 1998-04-04 Ballast for independent parallel of low pressure gas discharge lamps Expired - Lifetime EP0871348B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19715342A DE19715342C1 (en) 1997-04-12 1997-04-12 Ballast for independent parallel operation of low pressure gas discharge lamps
DE19715342 1997-04-12

Publications (2)

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EP0871348A1 EP0871348A1 (en) 1998-10-14
EP0871348B1 true EP0871348B1 (en) 2000-06-07

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US (1) US6011358A (en)
EP (1) EP0871348B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE193798T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19715342C1 (en)
DK (1) DK0871348T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2147037T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3033853T3 (en)
PT (1) PT871348E (en)

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DE10349548A1 (en) * 2003-10-22 2005-05-25 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Operating circuit for dielectrically impeded discharge lamp with overvoltage protection circuit
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PT871348E (en) 2000-11-30
DE59800169D1 (en) 2000-07-13
DK0871348T3 (en) 2000-08-28
DE19715342C1 (en) 1998-12-17
EP0871348A1 (en) 1998-10-14
ES2147037T3 (en) 2000-08-16
GR3033853T3 (en) 2000-10-31
US6011358A (en) 2000-01-04
ATE193798T1 (en) 2000-06-15

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