EP0870371A1 - Determination des perturbations dans un processus de selection d'antennes en diversite - Google Patents

Determination des perturbations dans un processus de selection d'antennes en diversite

Info

Publication number
EP0870371A1
EP0870371A1 EP97910181A EP97910181A EP0870371A1 EP 0870371 A1 EP0870371 A1 EP 0870371A1 EP 97910181 A EP97910181 A EP 97910181A EP 97910181 A EP97910181 A EP 97910181A EP 0870371 A1 EP0870371 A1 EP 0870371A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
rssi
receiver
selecting
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97910181A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Ross Todd
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nortel Networks Ltd
Original Assignee
Northern Telecom Ltd
Nortel Networks Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CA2188845A external-priority patent/CA2188845A1/fr
Application filed by Northern Telecom Ltd, Nortel Networks Corp filed Critical Northern Telecom Ltd
Publication of EP0870371A1 publication Critical patent/EP0870371A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0805—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching
    • H04B7/0808—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching comparing all antennas before reception
    • H04B7/0811—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching comparing all antennas before reception during preamble or gap period
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0805—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching
    • H04B7/0808—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching comparing all antennas before reception
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0825—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with main and with auxiliary or diversity antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed generally to wireless telecommunications, and in particular, it is directed to the technology of antenna diversity, with particular relevance to diversity reception of digital signals used in fixed wireless access applications.
  • multi-path fading is a known cause of fluctuation in received signal levels and therefore a known cause of deterioration in communication.
  • Diversity reception has been widely performed, as a method of reducing this fading. For example if two antennas are separated at predetermined distances from each other, there is a significantly reduced probability that the signals from both antennas are simultaneously attenuated to the same extent, hence achieving a higher reliability. For example, signal to Interference margins can be increased by as much as 10 dB when two antennas are used rather than one.
  • Various kinds of diversity reception methods are known.
  • RSSI received signal strength indication
  • Some prior art solutions teach diversity receivers which use two or more antennas and one receiver circuit.
  • An antenna selection circuit switches between antennas in response to received signal strength indication generated by the receiver.
  • the unused antenna must be sampled periodically, resulting in bit hits (lost or corrupted bits) or frame hits (lost or corrupted frames) in the received data whenever the "tested" antenna has a poor RSSI.
  • the problem of multi-path fading presents more of a problem to a fixed wireless access terminal than to a mobile terminal because the subscriber terminal is stationary and therefore the terminal is unlikely to be moved by the user in response to poor reception as a result of a deep fade.
  • CCI co-channel interference
  • One aspect of the invention provides a diversity selection process, and also a terminal for carrying out the process, while also providing for mobile assisted hand-off (MAHO) measurements.
  • MAHO mobile assisted hand-off
  • the inventor has identified this as being particularly advantageous for fixed wireless access (FWA) terminals, which do not move in and out of cells and therefore have not previously been set up for hand off.
  • FWA fixed wireless access
  • a terminal can improve service by switching antennas for relatively short term problems, or the terminal allows for switching to another basestation (if available) for persistent problems.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a process and apparatus for performing antenna diversity which first evaluates the nature of an impairment causing poor reception and then switches antennas accordingly.
  • Such a system is of particular suitability for fixed wireless access terminals using digital radio communications.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a wireless access terminal incorporating a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating the diversity selection process steps carried out by the baseband microcontroller of Fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a timing reference chart illustrating further aspects of the process of Fig. 2 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a series of flow charts illustrating the diversity selection process steps carried out by the baseband microcontroller according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the conceptual steps according to one embodiment of the invention, for which Fig. 4 represents a specific implementation.
  • the terminal also called subscriber unit
  • the terminal comprises a radio block 10, a baseband block 60 and a voice frequency block 110.
  • the baseband block 60 There are two interfaces between the baseband block 60, and the voice frequency block 110.
  • the first interface called the PCM interface 175 comprises the digitized voice frequency pulse code modulation (PCM) transmit and receive signals, while the second interface is a bi-directional serial communications interface 178.
  • the radio block 10, and the baseband block 60 provide the conversion between the radio frequency and digitized voice frequency signals.
  • the baseband block 60 is also responsible for handling the protocols associated with the RF link under the control of the voice frequency block 110.
  • the voice frequency block 110 includes a primary user interface which includes a display 120, a keypad 130, an alerter 150 which produces an audio alert (e.g., ringing) and an indicator which provides visual alerts (e.g., a light indicator indicating, for example, that an extension is off-hook or that an incoming call has been received), and a primary handset 140.
  • the voice frequency block 110 also includes a secondary user interface including RJ-11 jack 230 which acts as an extension jack for a standard analog telephony devices. Note that an additional data jack can be supported.
  • a suitable DC power source can comprise a battery, or a suitable AC power adapter, or preferably a combination of the two where ordinarily power is provided from an AC main with battery power as a backup.
  • the radio block 10 is shown to include a main antenna 20 connected to a radio frequency duplexer 30 which is in turn connected to a transmitter block 40 and a RF switch 35.
  • RF switch 35 is connected to a receiver block 50 and selects between an input "a" from RF duplexer 30 or from an input "b” from a bandpass filter 27 which is in turn connected to a diversity antenna 25.
  • An example of the antenna arrangement is described in commonly assigned Great Britain Patent Application GB9616174.0 naming Kitchener as inventor, entitled “An Antenna Arrangement" the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the actual antenna arrangement is not crucial to the invention.
  • two or more antennas can be used, which can be spatially separated, or as an alternative, the signals received can have different polarizations.
  • a combination of space and polarization diversity can be used.
  • Both the receiver 50 and transmitter 40 of the radio block 10 are connected to the RF modulator/ demodulator and baseband interface block 70 of the baseband block 60.
  • the baseband block 60 also includes a suitable baseband Digital Signal Processor (DSP) 80 and a suitable baseband microcontroller 90 which is in turn connected to a TIA port 100.
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • the TIA (test interface adapter) port is used to communicate with a data terminal (e.g., a personal computer) using a TIA unit in order to set the terminal into various states and carry out commands and /or procedures either for testing or verification.
  • the Texas Instruments TCM 4300 ARCTIC (Advanced RF Cellular Telephone Interface Circuit) chip is suitable for block 70 and the TI TDMA-3 DSP is suitable for the baseband DSP 80.
  • the baseband microcontroller 90 is a suitable air interface microprocessor which supports the call processing requirement of the IS-54B with extended protocol along with associated memory (e.g. RAM, ROM, EEPROM).
  • ANTSEL a control link, labelled ANTSEL allows the baseband microcontroller 90 to toggle the RF switch 35.
  • a communication signal is received at both the main antenna 20 and the diversity antenna 25, where the signal is suitably filtered either by the RF duplexer 30 or the band pass filter 27 respectively.
  • the RF switch 35 determines which of the signals, a or b, are downconverted by the receiver block 50 based on suitable diversity selection process, as discussed below.
  • the selected signal is downconverted to a suitable IF signal by the receiver block 50.
  • the receiver block 50 also measures the received signal strength and sends a message to the RF demodulator and baseband interface block 70 as to the received signal strength indication (RSSI) as is known in the art.
  • RSSI received signal strength indication
  • the baseband DSP 80 also determines the bit error rate (BER) which is also forwarded to the baseband microcontroller.
  • the baseband microcontroller 90 is used to process layers 1 to 3 of the communication protocol stack, to manage the control of the RF radio block 10 and the baseband block 60, and also carries out user interface functions.
  • the invention is primarily concerned with how to use the RSSI and BER measurements in order to determine how to toggle RF switch 35 in order to select which antenna is to be used for reception.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the operations carried out by the base band microcontroller 90, according to this embodiment of the invention which is configured for an IS-54 B, TDMA-3 system which supports MAHO.
  • Fig. 2 represents the steps carried out according to software programs stored in an associated memory (not shown) of the microcontroller. It should be noted that this example is described for a TDMA-3 system wherein each frame has 6 timeslots and each frame is divided into two half frames with each half frame having one receive timeslot of interest per user. In the example illustrated in Fig. 3, there are 6 timeslots per frame (3 timeslots for each half frame), wherein timeslots 1 and 4 are of interest to the terminal.
  • Fig. 2 can best be understood with reference to the following definitions:
  • BEST is a variable that defines which antenna is selected as the best antenna for the next half frame
  • RSSI_A the RSSI value measured on antenna A
  • RSSI_B the RSSI value measured on antenna B.
  • step 250 represents an initialization step wherein the RF switch 35 is set to receive from the main antenna (A) 20 via RF duplexer 30. Furthermore, this system sets as a default the main antenna A as the best antenna for the next half frame. The system will then receive data, which can be either control information or voice or data from a traffic channel. After reception during the appropriate time slot, for example, time slot 1, is completed there is a period of time before the system transmits data. In this embodiment, which is suitable for IS 54B which is a TDMA/FDD system, this period of time is approximately 3.7 milliseconds (labelled as idle A at 320 in Fig. 3). During this period, as shown at step 252 in Fig.
  • the synthesiser of the receiver 50 is tuned to an another frequency in order to make RRSI (receive signal strength indication) measurements for mobile assisted hand off (MAHO) according to IS-54 B requirements.
  • RRSI transmit signal strength indication
  • MAHO mobile assisted hand off
  • the system then retunes the synthesiser to the receive channel frequency and the RF switch is toggled to receive from the main antenna A if it is not already as shown at step 253.
  • the next step as shown at 256 involves a measurement of the RSSI as received at antenna A.
  • this step allows for the measurement of the RSSI of the received channel while the unit is also transmitting data on the transmit channel as can be seen at 345 in Figure 3.
  • the diversity measurements can be made during transmission because any leakage typically affects both RSSI measurements equally.
  • the diversity selection process is able to use relative measurements of the two antenna RSSI's, rather than the absolute measurements generally required for MAHO.
  • measurements are not made during the transmit slot turn-on period 343 due to the transient affect on one of the RSSI measurements.
  • the RF switch In order to compare the RSSI between antennas the RF switch is toggled to select the signal originating from the diversity antenna as shown at step 260. The RSSI value from this signal is then measured at 263. If necessary, the RF switch is reset back to the value associated with the BEST variable at step 266 for reception. In other words, the RSSI measurements are made on both antennas and then the last selected BEST antenna is again selected for the next receive time slot where data is then demodulated at step 268.
  • both values are compared against a threshold value as shown at step 270. If both RSSI_A and RSSI_B are above the threshold value thrOl then both antennas are receiving a sufficiently strong signal. In this case, the value of BEST is unchanged and the system continues to receive with the current antenna. However, if either RSSI_A or RSSI_B are below the threshold value thrOl then the system compares the signal strengths received from each antenna as shown at step 280. If RSSI_A is greater than or equal to RSSI_B then, as shown at step 285, the BEST antenna is set to A.
  • the RSSI_A value is sent to the DSP to adjust internal DSP automatic gain control (AGC) in order to avoid bit hits which result when the maximum input level of the baseband demodulator is exceeded.
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • the cycle then continues in the next frame.
  • the RSSI_B was greater than RSSI_A, then correspondingly, as shown at steps 290 and 295, the BEST antenna is set for the diversity antenna B and the RSSI received at antenna B is sent to the DSP, prior to the cycle continuing in the next frame.
  • the measurements of the RSSI at antenna A and at antenna B occur during the transmission time slot.
  • the selection process determines which antenna should be used for the next receive slot.
  • the process can determine the antenna to be used for reception during the current half frame. For example, referring to Fig. 3, the terminal receives once every half frame (i.e., every 3 time slots, e.g., timeslot 1, 4, 1, etc.) for a TDMA-3 system. It is preferable, assuming there is sufficient time during Idle B, to select the BEST antenna prior to the start of timeslot 4. However, unless there are very rapid fades, it has been found sufficient to revert to the current antenna for timeslot 4, so that any change in the BEST antenna occurs for the next timeslot (i.e., timeslot 1 in the next frame).
  • duplexer 30 must have sufficient filtering to prevent the transceiver's own transmissions from interfering with its diversity antenna RSSI measurements. However, for systems with sufficient processing capabilities, it is possible to conduct the RSSI measurements during the idle times between the transmit and receive bursts.
  • an advantage of the above diversity selection process involves making the diversity measurements as to the BEST antenna to be used, in conjunction with the MAHO measurements, between the end of one receive slot (i.e., a timeslot of interest) and the beginning of the next receive slot.
  • all of the data in the receive slot is received using the same antenna.
  • bit hits due to RSSI measurements or resulting from switching antennas during a receive slot are avoided.
  • both RSSI_A and RSSI_B represent the average RSSI power levels during the time periods that the measurements are made.
  • a running average of the RSSI power level over more than one half frame can be used.
  • M can take on the values of 1, 2,... 255.
  • the terminal can switch antennas, even if the currently selected antenna has a higher average RSSI, in order to improve poor reception caused by co-channel interference (CCI).
  • CCI co-channel interference
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart of the steps carried out by the baseband microcontroller, according to software programs stored in an associated memory (not shown) of the microcontroller, according to an embodiment of the invention which uses both RSSI and BER to determine the antenna selection.
  • the diversity selection process selects which antenna is used based on testing whether co-channel interference is present, as well as testing for signal level.
  • the bit error ratio (BER) is used as a part of the test for CCI performance.
  • the system can measure the Coded Digital Verification Colour Code (CDVCC) parity check and confirm that it has been correctly decoded.
  • CDCC Coded Digital Verification Colour Code
  • Fig. 4 can best be understood with reference to the following definitions:
  • A antenna A (main antenna);
  • BEST is a variable that defines which antenna is selected as the best antenna for the next half frame
  • RSSI_A the RSSI value measured on antenna A
  • RSSI_B the RSSI value measured on antenna B.
  • CURRENT is a variable that defines the current antenna, A or B.
  • OTHER is a variable that defines the other antenna not in use, either B or A.
  • thr20 a BER threshold parameter set to identify whether or not the BER is OK
  • Hysteresis Cnt is a variable used as a counter
  • CI Hold Cnt is a variable used as a counter
  • DF is a flag used to disable one portion of the code (testing purposes)
  • thr21 -90 dBm (value above which RSSI is considered OK, range is -120 ⁇ thr21 ⁇ -40 )
  • Z is a parameter that defines the length of the CCI hold interval in half- frame increments
  • steps 402, 404, 406, 408 represent initialization steps wherein the RF switch 35 is set to receive from the main antenna (A) 20 via RF duplexer 30. Furthermore, this system sets as a default the main antenna A as the best antenna for the next half frame. The system will then receive data, which can be either control information or voice or data from a traffic channel. After reception during the appropriate time slot, for example, time slot 1, is completed there is a period of time before the system transmits data. In this embodiment, which is suitable for IS-54B which is a TDMA/FDD system, this period of time is approximately 3.7 milliseconds (labelled as idle A at 320 in Fig. 3). MAHO measurements, if desired, are preferably made during this idle period. The system then retunes the synthesiser to the receive channel frequency and the RF switch is toggled to receive from the main antenna A if it is not already as shown at step 420.
  • the next step as shown at 423 involves a measurement of the RSSI as received at antenna A.
  • the RF switch is toggled to select the signal originating from the diversity antenna as shown at step 426.
  • the RSSI value from this signal is then measured at 429. If necessary, the RF switch is reset back to the value associated with the BEST variable at step 432 for data reception. In other words, the RSSI measurements are made on both antennas and then the last selected BEST antenna is selected for the receive time slot where data is then demodulated at step 435. This RSSI information is saved for use at steps 452 and 465.
  • next steps 439 to 449 inclusive determine whether or not the BER is OK.
  • "BER is OK" is a state which is defined based on parameters set and the current BER as demodulated in step 435. If BER is OK the selection process uses the faster RSSI based switching, initiated at step 465 to combat multipath fading. If BER is not OK, then a slower switching process based on signal quality measurements over a number of frames is initiated in step 452 to determine if CCI exists.
  • Steps 439 to 449 test for determining if BER is OK. After the half frame boundary at step 439, the measured BER from the previous demodulation, step 435, is compared to a threshold value thr20 at step 440. If the BER is less than thr20 then "Hysteresis Cnt" is reset to zero in step 443. If it is not less than thr20 then Hysteresis Cnt is incremented by 1. In step 449 the value of Hysteresis Cnt is then compared to M to decide if BER is OK.
  • steps 439 to 449 inclusive implement a hysteresis function such that the BER needs to be greater than or equal to thr20 for "M" consecutive half frames before selection process determines that BER is not OK. This prevents incorrect decisions from being made due to burst errors by testing only for non-transient poor BER conditions.
  • Figure 4c illustrates the steps for implementing the portion of the selection process that makes use of RSSI information and BER information to decide if CCI exists. If so, then antenna switching is driven based on BER such that an alternate antenna, which may have a better SIR due to a different multipath combination of signal and interferer, can be selected.
  • the current antenna RSSI is compared to thrOl in order to determine if RSSI is OK. If the RSSI is OK (i.e., RRSI_Current greater than thr21) then CCI is assumed to exist since the signal strength is good but the BER is not OK, recognizing that RSSI measurements measure signal plus interference power.
  • Step 486 compares the OTHER RSSI to thrOl to decide if it is OK. If OTHER RSSI is OK then the algorithm branches to step 492 and then switches to the OTHER antenna in step 495.
  • the hysteresis counter CCI Hold in step 492 prevents excessive toggling between antennas from occurring by maintaining the selected antenna for Z half frames. This holding on the selected antenna is implemented in conjunction with steps 455, 458 and 470.
  • step 486 if the outcome is that OTHER RSSI is not OK, then the algorithm assumes that there is no advantage to switch. Therefore the current antenna remains the best antenna (step 498), thus eliminating unnecessary switching to the other antenna. Excessive or unnecessary toggling between antennas is known to contribute to performance degradation in typical "blind switching" or "switch and stay” algorithms.
  • step 480 if CURRENT RSSI is not OK, the poor BER, determined in step 449 is likely caused by low signal strength of the received signal.
  • the selection process then proceeds to step 483 where the OTHER RSSI is tested. If the RSSI of the other antenna is also not OK (i.e., below thr21) then in step 498, the current antenna remains the best antenna. If the OTHER RSSI is OK then a switch to the other antenna is initiated in step 495.
  • Step 455 a hold check is performed at step 455 to determine whether the current antenna should be maintained due to a recent CCI based switch to it. (This duration is controlled by parameter Z). Step 458 decrements this counter each half frame for which a "hold" condition still exists.
  • optional step 461 allows for a disable flag DF to be set in order to disable the RSSI based switching, for example, in order to allow testing of the BER based switching only.
  • the multipath fading based switching process is initiated and the selection process proceeds as shown in Figure 4D.
  • RSSI measurements from both antennas are compared against a threshold value as shown at step 500. If both are RSSI_A and RSSI_B are above the threshold variable thrOl then this implies that both antennas are receiving a sufficiently strong signal, therefore no switching of the antenna is required. In this case, the value of BEST is unchanged and the system continues to receive with the current antenna. However, if either RSSI_A or RSSI_B are below the threshold variable thrOl then the system compares the signal strengths received from each antenna as shown at step 505. If RSSI_Current is greater than or equal to RSSI_Other then, as shown at steps 510 and 515, the BEST antenna is set to the current antenna.
  • the RSSI_Current value is sent to the DSP to adjust internal DSP automatic gain control (AGC) in order to avoid bit hits which result when the maximum input level of the baseband demodulator is exceeded.
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • the cycle then continues in the next frame. However, if the RSSI_Other was greater than RSSI_Current, then correspondingly, as shown at steps 520 and 525, the BEST antenna is set for the other antenna and, optionally, the RSSI received at the other antenna is sent to the DSP. As shown at step 530 the Hysteresis Cnt variable is reset to zero prior to the cycle continuing in the next frame as a switch to the other antenna has been selected.
  • RSSI and BER based switching are combined RSSI and BER based switching.
  • the preferred embodiment of the design which uses a main antenna and diversity antenna based on polarization diversity effectively provides microscopic diversity.
  • the BER based algorithm relies on the likelihood that the multipath fading on the interferer is different on the alternate antenna. (Note the mean signal and interferer levels will be approximately the same over a duration of a few minutes in the fixed access case).
  • An alternative embodiment of this invention is to use a remote main antenna whereby the distance separating the main and diversity antenna are larger and hence the mean signal and interferer levels are likely to be different due to shadowing and hence the BER based algorithm can combat longer term poor SIR at the subscriber terminal.
  • the selection process determines which antenna should be used for the next receive timeslot. Depending on the frame structure and processing time of the system, this can be either the timeslot of interest in the current (half) frame or the timeslot of interest in a subsequent (half) frame.
  • Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the conceptual steps according to one embodiment of the invention, for which Fig. 4 represents a specific implementation.
  • steps 483 and 486 determine whether or not RSSI_Other is OK as a rough estimate of whether the other antenna signal quality is OK.
  • this test makes use of the fact RSSI_Other is known.
  • other tests for example testing BER may be preferable in some circumstances especially if additional DSP processing is available.
  • Step 600 represents the beginning of each frame.
  • the first step 610 involves evaluating whether a quality indication of the signal received on the current antenna has satisfied a particular condition. Preferably this is determined by evaluating the bit error rate (BER), CDVCC, or both, during each frame and determining whether the quality has satisfied a threshold over M frames. Checking the quality over M frames has the advantage of avoiding excessive switching due to a transient drop in quality. If the test at 610 is not satisfied, the system evaluates whether it is beneficial to select the other antenna due to poor quality on the current antenna. As shown at step 620 an evaluation as to whether the signal received on the other antenna satisfies a second condition is made. The determination of 620 can be made by evaluating the RSSI of the other antenna against an established threshold.
  • BER bit error rate
  • a determination of both the quality and strength of the other antenna can be made. In any event, if the other antenna fails to satisfy the criteria there is no advantage in switching and the selection of the current antenna is maintained as shown at step 660. However, if the evaluation of step 620 indicates that the other antenna does satisfy the condition, it is beneficial to select the other antenna for reception. Therefore, the other antenna is selected as the best antenna at step 630. A determination is then made as to whether the poor quality results from a weak signal, for example due to a fade condition, or alternatively whether the poor quality results from co- channel interference. This determination is made at step 640 by evaluating whether the RSSI satisfied a third condition, for example whether the RSSI exceeded a minimum threshold during the current frame. If the current RSSI failed to satisfy the condition, this is evidence that the quality was poor due to co-channel interference rather than a poor signal strength. Therefore, a hold condition is established at step 650 preventing subsequent switching of the selected antenna for a specified number of frames.
  • a determination as to whether a hold condition exists is made to prevent switching back to an antenna that was previously deemed to have poor SIR.
  • the evaluation as to whether the hold is set is made at step 670.
  • this hold evaluation could alternatively be made prior to step 610.
  • a hold counter which counts the number of frames since the hold condition was set, is decreased 680 until the hold condition no longer exists 685. In this situation, the selection process continues the next frame with the current antenna selected as the best antenna. However, if no hold has been set, then at step 690, a determination is made as to which antenna is receiving the stronger signal and that antenna is selected for the next frame. The process then continues into the next frame.
  • the quality indication (e.g. BER) is tested over "M" consecutive frames.
  • a test for poor quality could alternatively be satisfied if x out of y consecutive timeslots fail to pass the threshold (e.g., poor quality if 3 out of 4 consecutive frames are poor).
  • a pair of optional remote diversity antennas which are selected by a separate RF switch according to an external communication link from the controller can be used.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de sélection en diversité effectuant des essais pour déterminer si une mauvaise réception est due à des interférences entre transmissions sur un même canal ou à un évanouissement dans une transmission sur canaux multiples. La perturbation se détermine en testant d'abord la qualité sur plusieurs trames. A moins que la qualité ne soit mauvaise sur toutes les trames le système teste l'évanouissement dans la transmission sur canaux multiples en choisissant l'antenne présentant le signal le plus fort, sous réserve qu'il n'existe pas d'état d'attente. Cependant si une mauvaise qualité affecte toutes les périodes des trames, le système sélectionne l'autre antenne si son indice de puissance de signal reçu (RSSI) est supérieur. Cependant le système teste également le RSSI reçu par l'antenne courante et détermine que les perturbations sont dues à des interférences entre transmissions sur un même canal en cas de signal de qualité suffisamment élevée. Si c'est le cas un certain nombre de trames sont placées à l'état d'attente pour éviter un excès de commutations.
EP97910181A 1996-10-25 1997-10-24 Determination des perturbations dans un processus de selection d'antennes en diversite Withdrawn EP0870371A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2188845 1996-10-25
CA2188845A CA2188845A1 (fr) 1996-10-25 1996-10-25 Sélection d'une antenne fonctionnant en diversité
US772669 1996-12-20
US08/772,669 US6118773A (en) 1996-10-25 1996-12-20 Impairment determination for a diversity antenna selection process
PCT/CA1997/000798 WO1998019401A1 (fr) 1996-10-25 1997-10-24 Determination des perturbations dans un processus de selection d'antennes en diversite

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EP0870371A1 true EP0870371A1 (fr) 1998-10-14

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EP97910181A Withdrawn EP0870371A1 (fr) 1996-10-25 1997-10-24 Determination des perturbations dans un processus de selection d'antennes en diversite

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EP (1) EP0870371A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1211359A (fr)
MX (1) MX9805134A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998019401A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI982763A (fi) 1998-12-21 2000-06-22 Nokia Networks Oy Tiedonsiirtomenetelmä ja radiojärjestelmä
JP2000196512A (ja) * 1998-12-25 2000-07-14 Nec Mobile Commun Ltd 移動体通信装置のダイバ―シチ制御回路およびダイバ―シチ制御方法
US7263147B2 (en) * 2003-10-14 2007-08-28 Intel Corporation Low bit error rate antenna switch for wireless communications
JP4462910B2 (ja) * 2003-12-04 2010-05-12 株式会社バッファロー 無線ｌａｎ送受信装置
CN104506221B (zh) * 2014-12-12 2018-11-09 福建星网锐捷网络有限公司 天线控制方法及天线

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2614157B1 (fr) * 1987-04-14 1994-04-08 Thomson Csf Procede de selection automatique d'une antenne de reception directive parmi une pluralite d'antennes de reception
DE69429274T2 (de) * 1993-09-30 2002-05-23 Conexant Systems Inc Basisstation für ein digitales schnurloses telefon mit mehrfachantennenanordnung
US5530926A (en) * 1993-10-04 1996-06-25 Motorola, Inc. Method for operating a switched diversity RF receiver

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Title
See references of WO9819401A1 *

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CN1211359A (zh) 1999-03-17
WO1998019401A1 (fr) 1998-05-07
MX9805134A (es) 1998-10-31

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