EP0869093B1 - Device for automatically controlling the tension of a web in a printing machine - Google Patents
Device for automatically controlling the tension of a web in a printing machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0869093B1 EP0869093B1 EP19980400746 EP98400746A EP0869093B1 EP 0869093 B1 EP0869093 B1 EP 0869093B1 EP 19980400746 EP19980400746 EP 19980400746 EP 98400746 A EP98400746 A EP 98400746A EP 0869093 B1 EP0869093 B1 EP 0869093B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- printing
- control system
- web
- pid control
- cylinder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H23/00—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs
- B65H23/04—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally
- B65H23/18—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by controlling or regulating the web-advancing mechanism, e.g. mechanism acting on the running web
- B65H23/188—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by controlling or regulating the web-advancing mechanism, e.g. mechanism acting on the running web in connection with running-web
- B65H23/1888—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by controlling or regulating the web-advancing mechanism, e.g. mechanism acting on the running web in connection with running-web and controlling web tension
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
- B41F13/02—Conveying or guiding webs through presses or machines
- B41F13/025—Registering devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
- B65H2301/30—Orientation, displacement, position of the handled material
- B65H2301/31—Features of transport path
- B65H2301/311—Features of transport path for transport path in plane of handled material, e.g. geometry
- B65H2301/31122—Omega-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2511/00—Dimensions; Position; Numbers; Identification; Occurrences
- B65H2511/10—Size; Dimensions
- B65H2511/11—Length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2553/00—Sensing or detecting means
- B65H2553/51—Encoders, e.g. linear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2557/00—Means for control not provided for in groups B65H2551/00 - B65H2555/00
- B65H2557/30—Control systems architecture or components, e.g. electronic or pneumatic modules; Details thereof
- B65H2557/31—Control systems architecture or components, e.g. electronic or pneumatic modules; Details thereof for converting, e.g. A/D converters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2557/00—Means for control not provided for in groups B65H2551/00 - B65H2555/00
- B65H2557/30—Control systems architecture or components, e.g. electronic or pneumatic modules; Details thereof
- B65H2557/34—Control systems architecture or components, e.g. electronic or pneumatic modules; Details thereof for analog control, e.g. proportional, integral or differentiated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an automatic device for controlling the tension of a strip of material.
- Printing machines are generally equipped with flow devices the input and the output which are said to be at constant voltage.
- the materials used for the strip all have, more or less, characteristics of hysteresis and are not perfectly elastic bodies.
- the constraints thermal generally due to drying between units have the effect of either lengthening or shrinking the strip in the case of thermoplastic materials, or to shrink the strip in the case of materials with vegetable fibers which have lost an amount of moisture under the effect of heat. It is obvious that, for the latter, the amount of moisture contained in the origin has an importance on the final behavior of the material.
- the voltage set at the machine output must take into account the resulting from the different elongations and narrowing of the strip during of its passage through the machine.
- the image printed by the first printing unit arrives at the last unit with a length corresponding exactly to the development of the cylinder of this last unit.
- the invention thus relates to a servomechanism making it possible to reach the above result.
- the automatic belt tension control device printed in a printing machine known from US - A - 4,264,957 includes a cyclic pulse transmitter, a pulse transmitter incremental, a converter connected to an actuator, and a PID regulator, the cyclic pulse transmitter can be considered to be driven by the engraved or cliché cylinder of the last unit printing machine printing, the incremental pulse transmitter being driven by the printed web, and the output of the two transmitters being connected to an input of the PID regulator.
- the other input of the PID regulator is connected to a electro-pneumatic converter itself connected to a pneumatic actuator acting on the tension dancer cylinder of the output tape, so that a constant printing pitch is maintained for the printing machine.
- Fig. 1 schematically represents the last printing unit a printing machine.
- Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the regulation loop of FIG. 1.
- the last printing unit designated as a whole by the reference A presents its engraved or cliché cylinder 1 which is pressed by a matching cylinder 2.
- Printed strip 3 scrolls from right to left and wraps around a dancing cylinder of known type 4.
- the dancing cylinder 4 is ballasted pneumatically by a pneumatic actuator 5.
- the engraved cylinder 1 drives a cyclic pulse emitter on its axis 6.
- the printed strip 3 drives, before arriving at the last printing unit A, a roller 7 and a transmitter of incremental pulses 8.
- the number of pulses from transmitter 8 recorded by the counter 9 at the time of recycling corresponds to the printing step arriving at the last printing unit A.
- the reference pitch corresponding to the average length delivered by the engraved cylinder 1 only is supplied in a known manner by a 9 'unit, and the measurement of the printing step is compared to the reference step, in a PID 10 regulator, which acts by means of an electro-pneumatic converter 11, on the belt tension via the pneumatic actuator 5.
- the deviation detector 12 compares the measurement of the no print out of counter 9 at the reference of the print step displayed from unit 9 '.
- the step deviation ep which results from this comparison is processed in the PID regulator 10, comprising a digital / analog converter 13, which transforms this step deviation ep into the deviation signal se and an amplifier 14, which delivers the signal correction sc.
- the correction signal sc leaving the PID regulator 10 acts on the electro-pneumatic converter 11, which develops, as a function of this correction signal, a pneumatic pressure pe on the pneumatic actuator 5 (See fig. 1).
- the tension t which results from the pressure of the pneumatic actuator 5 on the strip 3, has the effect of lengthening more or less the pitch of the printing which arrives at the cylinder 1 of the printing unit A.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
- Controlling Rewinding, Feeding, Winding, Or Abnormalities Of Webs (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de contrôle automatique de la tension d'une bande de matériau.The present invention relates to an automatic device for controlling the tension of a strip of material.
Dans une machine à imprimer à partir d'une bobine de papier ou de carton, ou de tout autre matériau, dont les caractéristiques physiques peuvent varier au cours de la transformation, il est essentiel de maítriser la tension de la bande au cours de son défilement dans la machine.In a printing machine from a roll of paper or cardboard, or any other material, the physical characteristics of which may vary during the transformation, it is essential to control the tension of the strip as it scrolls through the machine.
Les machines à imprimer sont généralement équipées de dispositifs de débit à l'entrée et à la sortie qui sont dits à tension constante.Printing machines are generally equipped with flow devices the input and the output which are said to be at constant voltage.
Si le système de débit à l'entrée de la machine peut être facilement réglé à une valeur constante de la tension correspondant au bon déroulement du matériau utilisé, il est beaucoup plus difficile de fixer la valeur de la tension constante en sortie de machine.If the flow system at the inlet of the machine can be easily adjusted to a constant value of the tension corresponding to the good progress of the material used it is much more difficult to set the value of the constant voltage in out of machine.
En effet, le matériau subit au cours de sa transformation dans la machine un certain nombre de contraintes mécaniques et thermiques.Indeed, the material undergoes during its transformation in the machine a certain number of mechanical and thermal constraints.
Les contraintes mécaniques, telles que la pression nécessaire au transfert de l'image à l'impression et la tension nécessaire à la bonne tenue de la bande dans la machine, ont pour effet d'allonger les fibres.Mechanical stresses, such as the pressure required to transfer the image at printing and the tension necessary for the good performance of the tape in the machine, have the effect of lengthening the fibers.
Les matériaux utilisés pour la bande possèdent tous, plus ou moins, des caractéristiques d'hystérésis et ne sont pas des corps parfaitement élastiques.The materials used for the strip all have, more or less, characteristics of hysteresis and are not perfectly elastic bodies.
Il en résulte que pendant un certain temps, généralement plus long que le temps mis par le matériau pour traverser la machine, les allongements ne sont pas proportionnels aux contraintes. As a result, for a period of time, generally longer than the time taken by the material to pass through the machine, the elongations are only not proportional to the constraints.
Selon que les matériaux utilisés pour la bande sont des matériaux thermoplastiques ou des matériaux à fibres végétales, les contraintes thermiques, dues généralement aux séchages effectués entre les unités d'impression, ont pour effet, soit d'allonger ou rétrécir la bande dans le cas des matériaux thermoplastiques, soit de rétrécir la bande dans le cas des matériaux à fibres végétales qui ont perdu une quantité d'humidité sous l'effet de la chaleur. Il est évident que, pour ces derniers, la quantité d'humidité contenue à l'origine a une importance sur le comportement final du matériau.Depending on whether the materials used for the strip are materials thermoplastics or vegetable fiber materials, the constraints thermal, generally due to drying between units have the effect of either lengthening or shrinking the strip in the case of thermoplastic materials, or to shrink the strip in the case of materials with vegetable fibers which have lost an amount of moisture under the effect of heat. It is obvious that, for the latter, the amount of moisture contained in the origin has an importance on the final behavior of the material.
Il est par ailleurs évident que les effets des contraintes mécaniques et thermiques sur le comportement des matériaux sont fonction de la vitesse car les phénomènes d'hystérésis et d'évaporation ne sont pas instantanés.It is also evident that the effects of mechanical stresses and thermal behavior of materials are a function of speed because the phenomena of hysteresis and evaporation are not instantaneous.
Il faut donc que la tension réglée en sortie de machine tienne compte de la résultante des différents allongements et rétrécissements de la bande au cours de son passage dans la machine.Therefore, the voltage set at the machine output must take into account the resulting from the different elongations and narrowing of the strip during of its passage through the machine.
Ceci n'est généralement pas le cas car ces phénomènes dépendent de paramètres mal connus et souvent variables d'une bobine à l'autre, et même au sein d'une même bobine. La tension est alors réglée à la même valeur qu'en entrée, puis réajustée par tâtonnements jusqu'à obtenir un bon équilibre du repérage sur les dernières couleurs. Ces tâtonnements devront être refaits à chaque variation des paramètres de base du matériau ou de la vitesse de la machine.This is generally not the case because these phenomena depend on parameters that are not well known and often vary from coil to coil, and even within a single coil. The voltage is then set to the same value as in input, then readjusted by trial and error until a good balance is obtained tracking on the latest colors. These trial and error should be redone each variation of the basic parameters of the material or the speed of the machine.
Ceci explique le côté aléatoire et imprécis de la maítrise de la tension de la bande des systèmes classiques.This explains the random and imprecise side of the control of the tension of the strip of conventional systems.
De plus, pendant les tâtonnements, le repérage des couleurs n'est pas parfait et la production est gâchée.In addition, during trial and error, the color identification is not perfect and production is wasted.
Il est absolument essentiel, pour le bon équilibre du repérage des couleurs, que l'image imprimée par la première unité d'impression arrive à la dernière unité avec une longueur correspondant exactement au développe-ment du cylindre de cette dernière unité.It is absolutely essential, for the correct balance of color identification, the image printed by the first printing unit arrives at the last unit with a length corresponding exactly to the development of the cylinder of this last unit.
Dans la présente invention, on mesure la longueur moyenne débitée, d'une
part, par le dernier cylindre d'impression seul et, d'autre part, par le même
cylindre en cours d'impression complète de la machine, pour en déduire :
Les corrections apportées à la tension de sortie peuvent être automatisées.Corrections to the output voltage can be automated.
Il suffira d'afficher en référence le pas d'impression mesuré la première fois, puis de maintenir ce pas constant lors du processus d'impression à l'aide d'un régulateur du type à dérivé intégrale proportionnelle appelé dans la technique régulateur PID et qui agit sur la tension de sortie, et ceci sans se préoccuper de la valeur réelle de la tension.It will suffice to display as a reference the printing pitch measured the first time, then keep this step constant during the printing process using a proportional integral derivative type regulator known in the art PID regulator and which acts on the output voltage, and this without worrying of the actual value of the voltage.
L'invention est ainsi relative à un servomécanisme permettant d'atteindre le résultat ci-dessus. The invention thus relates to a servomechanism making it possible to reach the above result.
A cet effet, le dispositif de contrôle automatique de la tension d'une bande imprimée dans une machine à imprimer connue de US - A - 4 264 957, considéré comme décrivant l'art antérieur le plus proche de l'invention, comprend un émetteur d'impulsions cycliques, un émetteur d'impulsions incrémentales, un convertisseur relié à un actionneur, et un régulateur PID, l'émetteur d'impulsions cycliques pouvant être considéré comme entraíné par le cylindre gravé ou cliché de la dernière unité d'impression de la machine à imprimer, l'émetteur d'impulsions incrémentales étant entraíné par la bande imprimée, et la sortie des deux émetteurs étant reliée à une entrée du régulateur PID.To this end, the automatic belt tension control device printed in a printing machine known from US - A - 4,264,957, considered to describe the closest prior art to the invention, includes a cyclic pulse transmitter, a pulse transmitter incremental, a converter connected to an actuator, and a PID regulator, the cyclic pulse transmitter can be considered to be driven by the engraved or cliché cylinder of the last unit printing machine printing, the incremental pulse transmitter being driven by the printed web, and the output of the two transmitters being connected to an input of the PID regulator.
Conformément à l'invention, l'autre entrée du régulateur PID est reliée à un convertisseur électro-pneumatique lui-même relié à un actionneur pneumatique agissant sur le cylindre danseur de tension de la bande en sortie, de sorte qu'est maintenu un pas d'impression constant pour la machine à imprimer.According to the invention, the other input of the PID regulator is connected to a electro-pneumatic converter itself connected to a pneumatic actuator acting on the tension dancer cylinder of the output tape, so that a constant printing pitch is maintained for the printing machine.
Diverses autres caractéristiques de l'invention ressortent d'ailleurs de la description détaillée qui suit.Various other characteristics of the invention also emerge from the detailed description which follows.
Une forme de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention est représentée à titre d'exemple non limitatif aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :An embodiment of the object of the invention is shown as non-limiting example of the appended drawings, in which:
La fig. 1 représente de manière schématique la dernière unité d'impression d'une machine à imprimer.Fig. 1 schematically represents the last printing unit a printing machine.
La fig. 2 est un schéma synoptique de la boucle de régulation de la fig. 1.Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the regulation loop of FIG. 1.
A la fig. 1, la dernière unité d'impression désignée dans son ensemble par la référence A présente son cylindre gravé ou cliché 1 qui est pressé par un cylindre de contrepartie 2.In fig. 1, the last printing unit designated as a whole by the reference A presents its engraved or cliché cylinder 1 which is pressed by a matching cylinder 2.
La bande imprimée 3 défile de la droite vers la gauche et s'enroule autour d'un
cylindre danseur de type connu 4. Le cylindre danseur 4 est lesté
pneumatiquement par un actionneur pneumatique 5. Le cylindre gravé 1
entraíne sur son axe un émetteur d'impulsions cycliques 6. La bande imprimée
3 entraíne, avant d'arriver à la dernière unité d'impression A, un galet 7 et un
émetteur d'impulsions incrémentales 8. Les deux trains d'impulsions, en
provenance respectivement des émetteurs 6 et 8, arrivent dans une unité de
mesure du pas d'impression, matérialisé par un compteur 9 recyclé à chaque
impulsion de l'émetteur 6.Printed strip 3 scrolls from right to left and wraps around a
dancing cylinder of known type 4. The dancing cylinder 4 is ballasted
pneumatically by a
Le nombre d'impulsions en provenance de l'émetteur 8 enregistrées par le
compteur 9 au moment du recyclage correspond au pas de l'impression
arrivant à la dernière unité d'impression A. The number of pulses from transmitter 8 recorded by the
Le pas de référence correspondant à la longueur moyenne débité par le
cylindre gravé 1 seul est fourni de manière connue par une unité 9', et la
mesure du pas d'impression est comparée au pas de référence, dans un
régulateur PID 10, qui agit, au moyen d'un convertisseur électro-pneumatique
11, sur la tension de la bande par l'intermédiaire de l'actionneur pneumatique
5.The reference pitch corresponding to the average length delivered by the
engraved cylinder 1 only is supplied in a known manner by a 9 'unit, and the
measurement of the printing step is compared to the reference step, in a
A la fig. 2 qui représente la boucle de régulation du dispositif de contrôle
automatique selon l'invention, le détecteur d'écart 12 compare la mesure du
pas d'impression sortant du compteur 9 à la référence du pas d'impression
affichée en provenance de l'unité 9'.In fig. 2 which represents the regulation loop of the control device
automatic according to the invention, the
L'écart de pas ep qui résulte de cette comparaison est traité dans le régulateur
PID 10, comportant un convertisseur numérique/analogique 13, qui transforme
cet écart de pas ep en signal d'écart se et un amplificateur 14, qui délivre le
signal de correction sc. The step deviation ep which results from this comparison is processed in the
Le signal de correction sc sortant du régulateur PID 10 agit sur le convertisseur
électro-pneumatique 11, qui élabore, en fonction de ce signal de correction,
une pression pneumatique pe sur l'actionneur pneumatique 5 (Voir fig. 1).The correction signal sc leaving the
La tension t, qui résulte de la pression de l'actionneur pneumatique 5 sur la
bande 3, a pour effet d'allonger plus ou moins le pas de l'impression qui arrive
au cylindre 1 de l'unité d'impression A.The tension t , which results from the pressure of the
Le problème mentionné en introduction est ainsi résolu, l'ensemble du dispositif agissant de façon à maintenir un pas d'impression constant.The problem mentioned in the introduction is thus resolved, the whole of the device acting so as to maintain a constant printing pitch.
L'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple de réalisation représenté et décrit en détail, car diverses modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir de son cadre.The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown and described in detail, because various modifications can be made without leaving its frame.
Claims (5)
- Device for automatically controlling the tension of a printed web in a printing machine, comprising a periodic pulse transmitter (6) driven by the engraved cylinder or plate (1) of the last printing unit (A) of the printing machine, an incremental pulse transmitter (8) driven by the printed web (3) and a dancing cylinder (4) for tensioning the web (3) at exit side, these two transmitters being connected to one input of a PID control system (10), characterized in that the other input of the PID control system (10) is connected to a printing path reference unit (9') while the output of the PID control system (10) is connected to an electro-pneumatic converter (11), itself connected to a pneumatic actuator (5) acting on the dancing cylinder for tensioning the web (3) at exit side, whereby a constant printing path is maintained for the printing machine.
- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the data issued from the two pulse transmitters (6, 8) are received by a printing path measuring unit (9) the output of which is connected to the PID control system (10).
- Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the printing path measuring unit (9) is made by a counter that is recycled for each pulse of the periodic pulse transmitter (6).
- Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a path deviation sensor (12) is connected between the printing path measuring unit (9) and the printing path reference unit (9).
- Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the PID control system (10) comprises a digital-analog converter (13) providing the printing path deviation signal and which is connected to an amplifier (14) outputing the correction signal to the electro-pneumatic converter (11).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9704007 | 1997-04-02 | ||
FR9704007A FR2761673B1 (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1997-04-02 | DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLING THE TENSION OF A WEB OF MATERIALS IN A PRINTING MACHINE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0869093A1 EP0869093A1 (en) | 1998-10-07 |
EP0869093B1 true EP0869093B1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
Family
ID=9505434
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980400746 Expired - Lifetime EP0869093B1 (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1998-03-30 | Device for automatically controlling the tension of a web in a printing machine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0869093B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69800372D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2761673B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6752013B2 (en) | 2000-11-29 | 2004-06-22 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Device and method for web tension measurement |
FI20021852A (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-04-18 | Metso Paper Inc | Track voltage control |
CN104355160A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-18 | 黄山富田精工制造有限公司 | Tension control device |
CN106927295A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-07-07 | 山东新巨丰科技包装股份有限公司 | A kind of tension control system and apply its extrusion compounding machine |
CN108845490A (en) * | 2018-06-23 | 2018-11-20 | 广东希望高科数字技术有限公司 | A kind of identical tension of Tension Adjustable, which synchronizes, unreels control system |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4271379A (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1981-06-02 | Harris Corporation | Web fed printing press motor control |
US4264957A (en) * | 1979-05-23 | 1981-04-28 | Zerand Corporation | Apparatus and method for register control in web processing apparatus |
JPS6042048A (en) * | 1983-08-18 | 1985-03-06 | Rengo Co Ltd | Phase matching apparatus for multicolor printing press |
DD235620A1 (en) * | 1985-03-28 | 1986-05-14 | Polygraph Leipzig | METHOD FOR GENERATING A SCANNING IMPULSE SEQUENCE AND SCALING CONTROLLER |
US5483893A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-01-16 | Isaac; Ragy | Control system and method for automatically identifying webs in a printing press |
-
1997
- 1997-04-02 FR FR9704007A patent/FR2761673B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-03-30 EP EP19980400746 patent/EP0869093B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-30 DE DE69800372T patent/DE69800372D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2761673B1 (en) | 1999-06-18 |
FR2761673A1 (en) | 1998-10-09 |
DE69800372D1 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
EP0869093A1 (en) | 1998-10-07 |
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