EP0867661B1 - Flame monitoring device with flame rod - Google Patents
Flame monitoring device with flame rod Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0867661B1 EP0867661B1 EP19980105254 EP98105254A EP0867661B1 EP 0867661 B1 EP0867661 B1 EP 0867661B1 EP 19980105254 EP19980105254 EP 19980105254 EP 98105254 A EP98105254 A EP 98105254A EP 0867661 B1 EP0867661 B1 EP 0867661B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flame
- circuit
- voltage
- threshold
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
- F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
Definitions
- Figure 1 shows a conventional flame monitoring circuit of this type, which is known for example from GB 2 153 126 (A) with a Burner B, whose flame F is monitored with the help of a flame rod FR. He educates existing flame F together with this and with the burner at ground potential a rectifier DF indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 1.
- the flame rod FR is about a coupling capacitor C1 and a resistor R1 from a phase line L des AC network powered.
- the ground line N of the network i.e. whose star point is extremely low-resistance grounded, the inevitable earth resistance with RG is designated.
- FIG. 3 it generates from the two phase lines PH1 and PH2, for example with one Frequency of 50Hz fed rectifier bridge circuit D1 to D4 on your Load resistor RL a half-wave voltage of double frequency, e.g. 100Hz. which about the capacitor C1 and a resistor R1 as excitation voltage VE the flame rod FR is fed.
- Burner B is grounded as usual.
- the star point MP of the three-phase power supply via a non-negligible earth resistance RG is grounded.
- the lower input of the flame amplifier FA is here, not as in FIG. 1 Ground connected, but to one of the two phases PH2.
- the excitation voltage VE becomes not related to earth or earth, but to one of the phase potentials, here PH2.
- the use of one of the Mains AC voltage different frequency of the excitation voltage VE ensures at all possible potential states of the center point MP a certain minimum value of Excitation voltage VE related to earth.
- the 100Hz signal is without any special Isolating transformer derived directly from the three-phase network.
- FIG. 4 shows the 100 Hz half-wave voltage referred to earth in the event that the Potential of the star point MP just in the middle between the phase potentials PH1 and PH2 lies.
- the ripple VR of the 100 Hz signal represents the AC supply voltage for the Rectifier available, which generates the excitation voltage VE.
- This value of Excitation voltage VE is also the minimum value.
- FIG. 5 shows one to increase the effective excitation voltage or the excitation current Threshold circuit before, with the help of the excitation voltage VE practically on the double value can be increased.
- This threshold value switching as in FIG. 6 shown, a lowering of the instantaneous value of the excitation voltage VE to zero as soon as this falls below a threshold value VS in the course of the sinusoidal voltage change.
- a threshold circuit is connected to the output of the rectifier bridge circuit D1 to D4 connected, according to FIG. 5, an electronic switch Q1, for example has a transistor and a Zener diode Z as a threshold value determining elements.
- the transistor Q1 is on the one hand connected to the coupling capacitor C1 and on the other hand, via a high-resistance resistor R7 to the one bridge diagonal point D1 / D2 of the rectifier bridge connected. Its emitter is compared to one to resistor R7 low-resistance resistor R6 with the other bridge diagonal point D3 / D4 in connection.
- the control voltage at the base of transistor Q1 is at a Zener diode Z1 tapped, which in series with a resistor R4 to the two Bridge output points D1, D2 and D3 / D4 are connected.
- the resistors R5 and R6 form a voltage divider for generating the emitter voltage of transistor Q1.
- the switch Q1 is conductive below an instantaneous value of the voltage VE of, for example, 200V. This value is determined by the Zener diode Z1. This means that, as shown in FIG. 6, the excitation voltage VE is reduced to zero below this threshold voltage of 200V. Above the threshold voltage of, for example, 200V, however, it follows the sine curve of the mains voltage, because in this case the transistor Q1 is blocked. It should be noted that this threshold voltage of 200 V here is not the phase voltage of the network, but a threshold DC voltage specified by the Zener diode Z1.
- the circuit according to FIG. 5 replaces the one in FIG. 3 between the phase lines PH1 and PH2 on the one hand and the coupling capacitor C1 on the other hand Rectifier bridge circuit including load resistor.
- Other embodiments can also be used within the scope of the invention are used by frequency multiplier circuits as they are used as semiconductor components affordable prices and are much cheaper than a special isolating transformer.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
Description
Herkömmliche Flammenwächter verwenden vielfach einen aus dem Wechselspannungsnetz gespeisten Flammenstab, der zusammen mit dem normalerweise auf Erdpotential liegenden Brenner einen Gleichrichter bildet. Ist die Flamme vorhanden, so tließt aufgrund der Flammenionisation ein Flammengleichstrom, der in einem nachgeschalteten Flammenverstärker in ein das Vorhandensein der Flamme kennzeichnendes Ausgangssignal umgewandelt wird. Fehlt die Flamme, so findet keine Gleichrichtung statt und am Eingang des Flammenverstärkers steht die zugeführte Wechselspannung, welche am Verstärkerausgang das Flammensignal Null entstehen läßt.Conventional flame monitors often use one from the AC network fed flame rod, which together with the normally at earth potential Brenner forms a rectifier. If the flame is present, the Flame ionization is a direct current of flame that occurs in a downstream Flame amplifier in an output signal characterizing the presence of the flame is converted. If the flame is missing, there is no rectification and at the entrance of the flame amplifier is the supplied AC voltage, which on Amplifier output gives rise to the flame signal zero.
Figur 1 zeigt eine herkömmliche Flammenüberwachungsschaltung dieser Art, die beispielweise aus GB 2 153 126 (A) bekannt ist mit einem Brenner B, dessen Flamme F mit Hilfe eines Flammenstabs FR überwacht wird. Er bildet bei vorhandener Flamme F zusammen mit dieser und mit dem auf Erdpotential liegenden Brenner einen in Figur 1 punktiert angedeuteten Gleichrichter DF. Der Flammenstab FR wird über einen Koppelkondensator C1 und einen Widerstand R1 aus einer Phasenleitung L des Wechselspannungsnetzes gespeist. Die Masseleitung N des Netzes, d.h. dessen Sternpunkt, ist äußerst niederohmig geerdet, wobei der unvermeidbare Erdleitungswiderstand mit RG bezeichnet ist.Figure 1 shows a conventional flame monitoring circuit of this type, which is known for example from GB 2 153 126 (A) with a Burner B, whose flame F is monitored with the help of a flame rod FR. He educates existing flame F together with this and with the burner at ground potential a rectifier DF indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 1. The flame rod FR is about a coupling capacitor C1 and a resistor R1 from a phase line L des AC network powered. The ground line N of the network, i.e. whose star point is extremely low-resistance grounded, the inevitable earth resistance with RG is designated.
Fließt aufgrund einer vorhandenen Flamme F ein Flammengleichstrom If, so entsteht am Widerstand R3 eine Gleichspannung, die vom Flammenverstärker FA festgestellt und in ein Flammenausgangssignal FO umgewandelt wird. Die Verwendung der Netzspannung an der Netzleitung L unmittelbar als Erregerspannung für den Flammengleichrichter DF ist möglich, weil der Netzsternpunkt N praktisch auf Erdpotential liegt und folglich zwischen der Phasenleitung L und Erde eine vorgegebene Spannung existiert.If a flame DC current I f flows due to an existing flame F, a DC voltage arises at the resistor R3, which is detected by the flame amplifier FA and converted into a flame output signal FO. The use of the mains voltage on the mains line L directly as an excitation voltage for the flame rectifier DF is possible because the network star point N is practically at ground potential and consequently a predetermined voltage exists between the phase line L and ground.
Es gibt jedoch Länder, in denen, wie in Figur 2 dargestellt, der Verbraucher nicht mit der
Spannung zwischen einer Phasenleitung und Erde, sondern aus der Spannung zwischen zwei
Phasenleitungen PH1 und PH2 gespeist wird. Beträgt diese Spannung Vpp zwischen zwei
Phasen, z.B. PH1 und PH2, 230V, so ergibt sich für die einzelnen Phasenspannungen
zwischen den Phasenleitungen und dem Sternpunkt MP eine Spannung V1, V2 bzw. V3 von
230/
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ohne einen solchen besonderen Trenntransformator zuverlässig eine Erregerspannung für den Flammengleichrichter zu erzeugen, die auch bei schwankendem Sternpunktpotential ihren Wert beibehält und folglich ein zuverlässiges Flammensignal zu liefern vermag. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnete Erfindung. Hier wird aus der Spannung zwischen zwei Phasen eines solchen Wechselstromnetzes, die sich bekanntlich auch im Falle von Leckströmen nicht ändert, eine Wechselspannung mit einem Vielfachen, vorzugsweise der doppelten Netzfrequenz abgeleitet, welche dann den Flammenstab speist. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand zweier in den Zeichnungen wiedergegebener Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert. Dabei zeigt:
- Figur 3
- den grundlegenden Schaltungsaufbau der Erfindung;
- Figur 4
- den Verlauf der damit erzeugten Erregerspannung VE;
- Figur 5
- eine verbesserte Ausführungsform der Gleichrichterbrückenschaltung; und
- Figur 6
- die hiermit erzielte Erhöhung der Erregerspannung VE.
- Figure 3
- the basic circuitry of the invention;
- Figure 4
- the course of the excitation voltage VE thus generated;
- Figure 5
- an improved embodiment of the rectifier bridge circuit; and
- Figure 6
- the increase in excitation voltage VE achieved with this.
In Figur 3 erzeugt die aus den beiden Phasenleitungen PH1 und PH2, beispielsweise mit einer Frequenz von 50Hz gespeiste Gleichrichterbrückenschaltung D1 bis D4 an ihrem Lastwiderstand RL eine Halbwellenspannung doppelter Frequenz, z.B. 100Hz. welche über den Kondensator C1 und einen Widerstand R1 als Erregerspannung VE dem Flammenstab FR zugeführt wird. Der Brenner B ist wie üblich geerdet. während der Sternpunkt MP des speisenden Drehstrommetzes über einen nicht vernachlässigbaren Erdungswiderstand RG geerdet ist. Der untere Eingang des Flammenverstärkers FA ist hier, nicht wie in Figur 1, an Masse angeschlossen, sondern an eine der beiden Phasen PH2. Die Erregerspannung VE wird also nicht auf Masse oder Erde bezogen, sondern auf eines der Phasenpotentiale, hier PH2. Ist die Flamme F vorhanden, so entsteht über den Widerstand R2 am Widerstand R3 eine Gleichspannung, welche am Ausgang des Verstärkers FA als Flammensignal FO das Vorhandensein der Flamme anzeigt. Fehlt die Flamme, so tritt kein Gleichrichtereffekt auf und das Ausgangssignal FO hat den Wert Null. Die Verwendung einer von der Netzwechselspannung abweichenden Frequenz der Erregerspannung VE gewährleistet bei allen möglichen Potentialzuständen des Mittelpunks MP einen bestimmten Minimalwert der Erregerspannung VE bezogen auf Erde. Das 100Hz-Signal wird ohne besonderen Trenntransformator unmittelbar aus dem Drehstromnetz abgeleitet.In FIG. 3, it generates from the two phase lines PH1 and PH2, for example with one Frequency of 50Hz fed rectifier bridge circuit D1 to D4 on your Load resistor RL a half-wave voltage of double frequency, e.g. 100Hz. which about the capacitor C1 and a resistor R1 as excitation voltage VE the flame rod FR is fed. Burner B is grounded as usual. while the star point MP of the three-phase power supply via a non-negligible earth resistance RG is grounded. The lower input of the flame amplifier FA is here, not as in FIG. 1 Ground connected, but to one of the two phases PH2. The excitation voltage VE becomes not related to earth or earth, but to one of the phase potentials, here PH2. is if the flame F is present, a resistance is created across resistor R2 at resistor R3 DC voltage, which at the output of the amplifier FA as the flame signal FO Presence of the flame indicates. If the flame is missing, there is no rectifier effect and the output signal FO has the value zero. The use of one of the Mains AC voltage different frequency of the excitation voltage VE ensures at all possible potential states of the center point MP a certain minimum value of Excitation voltage VE related to earth. The 100Hz signal is without any special Isolating transformer derived directly from the three-phase network.
Figur 4 zeigt die genannte 100Hz-Halbwellenspannung bezogen auf Erde für den Fall, daß das Potential des Sternpunkts MP gerade in der Mitte zwischen den Phasenpotentialen PH1 und PH2 liegt. Die Welligkeit VR des 100Hz-Signals stellt die Speisewechselspannung für den Gleichrichter zur Verfügung, der die Erregerspannung VE erzeugt. Dieser Wert der Erregerspannung VE ist gleichzeitig der Minimalwert.FIG. 4 shows the 100 Hz half-wave voltage referred to earth in the event that the Potential of the star point MP just in the middle between the phase potentials PH1 and PH2 lies. The ripple VR of the 100 Hz signal represents the AC supply voltage for the Rectifier available, which generates the excitation voltage VE. This value of Excitation voltage VE is also the minimum value.
Zur Erhöhung der effektiven Erregerspannung bzw. des Erregerstroms sieht Figur 5 eine Schwellwertschaltung vor, mit deren Hilfe die Erregerspannung VE praktisch auf den doppelten Wert erhöht werden kann. Diese Schwellwertschaltung bewirkt, wie in Figur 6 dargestellt, ein Absenken des Augenblickswertes der Erregerspannung VE auf Null, sobald diese im Zuge der sinusförmigen Spannungsänderung einen Schwellwert VS unterschreitet.FIG. 5 shows one to increase the effective excitation voltage or the excitation current Threshold circuit before, with the help of the excitation voltage VE practically on the double value can be increased. This threshold value switching, as in FIG. 6 shown, a lowering of the instantaneous value of the excitation voltage VE to zero as soon as this falls below a threshold value VS in the course of the sinusoidal voltage change.
Hierzu ist an den Ausgang der Gleichrichterbrückenschaltung D1 bis D4 eine Schwellwertschaltung angeschlossen, die gemäß Figur 5 einen elektronischen Schalter Q1, beispielsweise einen Transistor, sowie eine Zenerdiode Z als Schwellwert bestimmende Elemente aufweist. Der Transistor Q1 ist mit seinem Kollektor einerseits an den Koppelkondensator C1 und andererseits über einen hochohmigen Widerstand R7 an den einen Brückendiagonalpunkt D1/D2 der Gleichrichterbrücke angeschlossen. Sein Emitter steht über einen im Vergleich zum Widerstand R7 niederohmigen Widerstand R6 mit dem anderen Brückdiagonalpunkt D3/D4 in Verbindung. Die Steuerspannung an der Basis des Transistors Q1 wird an einer Zenerdiode Z1 abgegriffen, welche in Reihe mit einem Widerstand R4 an die beiden Brückausgangspunkte D1, D2 und D3/D4 angeschlossen ist. Die Widerstände R5 und R6 bilden einen Spannungsteiler für die Erzeugung der Emitterspannung des Transistors Q1.For this purpose, a threshold circuit is connected to the output of the rectifier bridge circuit D1 to D4 connected, according to FIG. 5, an electronic switch Q1, for example has a transistor and a Zener diode Z as a threshold value determining elements. The transistor Q1 is on the one hand connected to the coupling capacitor C1 and on the other hand, via a high-resistance resistor R7 to the one bridge diagonal point D1 / D2 of the rectifier bridge connected. Its emitter is compared to one to resistor R7 low-resistance resistor R6 with the other bridge diagonal point D3 / D4 in connection. The control voltage at the base of transistor Q1 is at a Zener diode Z1 tapped, which in series with a resistor R4 to the two Bridge output points D1, D2 and D3 / D4 are connected. The resistors R5 and R6 form a voltage divider for generating the emitter voltage of transistor Q1.
Der Spitzenwert der Spannung VR ergibt sich zu Vpp ·
Die Schaltung nach Figur 5 ersetzt in Figur 3 die dortige, zwischen den Phasenleitungen PH1 und PH2 einerseits und dem Koppelkondensator C1 andererseits dargestellte Gleichrichterbrückenschaltung samt Lastwiderstand. The circuit according to FIG. 5 replaces the one in FIG. 3 between the phase lines PH1 and PH2 on the one hand and the coupling capacitor C1 on the other hand Rectifier bridge circuit including load resistor.
Die Schwellwertschaltung nach Fig. 5 bewirkt, daß die für die Höhe der Erregerspannung VE maßgebenden schraffierten Flächen in Fig. 6 wesentlich größer sind als die entsprechenden Flächen in Fig. 4. Damit wird die effektive Spannung VE praktisch verdoppelt. Die Signalform vor und hinter dem Koppelkondensator C1 ist die gleiche.5 causes the VE for the level of the excitation voltage relevant hatched areas in Fig. 6 are significantly larger than the corresponding Areas in Fig. 4. This effectively doubles the effective voltage VE. The waveform before and after the coupling capacitor C1 is the same.
Bei einem erprobten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung hatten die Bauteile der Schwellwertschaltung folgende Werte: R4 = 150kOhm, R5 = 220kOhm, R6 = 10kOhm, R7 = 1MOhm, Z1 = 10V. Im Rahmen der Erfindung können auch andere Ausführungsformen von Frequenzvervielfacherschaltungen eingesetzt werden, wie sie als Halbleiterbausteine zu günstigen Preisen verfügbar und wesentlich billiger sind als ein besonderer Trenntransformator.In a tried and tested embodiment of the invention, the components of the Threshold switching the following values: R4 = 150kOhm, R5 = 220kOhm, R6 = 10kOhm, R7 = 1MOhm, Z1 = 10V. Other embodiments can also be used within the scope of the invention are used by frequency multiplier circuits as they are used as semiconductor components affordable prices and are much cheaper than a special isolating transformer.
Claims (5)
- Circuit for generating an alternating supply voltage for the flame bar (FR) of a flame control, which is generated with a grounded burner (B) in a three-phase network with a neutral point (MP) being grounded via a resistance (RG),
characterized in thata) a frequency multiplication circuit (D1 to D4), fed by two phase lines (PH1, PH2) of the three-phase network, feeds the flame bar (FR) via a condenser (C1), andb) one of the phase lines (PH2) serves as a reference potential for the flame control (FA). - A circuit according to claim 1,
characterized in that
said frequency multiplication circuit (D1 to D4) is a full wave rectifier, preferably a rectifier bridge circuit. - A circuit according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
subsequent to said frequency multiplication circuit (D1 to D4) a threshold circuit (Q1, R5, R6) is arranged which below a set threshold voltage (e.g. 200V) lowers the output voltage to practically zero. - A circuit according to claim 3,
characterized in that
the threshold circuit comprises a transistor (Q1) which is connected by its collector to the condenser (C1), by its emitter to a voltage divider (R5, R6) fed by the rectifying circuit, and by its base to a Zener diode (Z1) determining the threshold voltage. - A circuit according to claim 4,
characterized in that
said Zener diode (Z1) is connected in series with a further resistance (R4) to the output of the rectifying circuit (D1 to D4).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1997112938 DE19712938C1 (en) | 1997-03-27 | 1997-03-27 | Burner flame monitor supply voltage circuit for power plant |
DE19710938 | 1997-03-27 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0867661A2 EP0867661A2 (en) | 1998-09-30 |
EP0867661A3 EP0867661A3 (en) | 2000-05-24 |
EP0867661B1 true EP0867661B1 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
Family
ID=7824825
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980105254 Expired - Lifetime EP0867661B1 (en) | 1997-03-27 | 1998-03-24 | Flame monitoring device with flame rod |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0867661B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19712938C1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2179394T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102022203963B3 (en) | 2022-04-25 | 2023-07-20 | Prüfrex engineering e motion gmbh & co. kg | Circuit arrangement for flame monitoring |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10125574A1 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2002-11-28 | Siemens Building Tech Ag | Flame monitoring device with which an asymmetrical voltage is applied across burner and ionization electrode to detect presence of flame |
DE10202910C1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-10-16 | Honeywell Bv | Circuit arrangement for determining the flame current of a burner |
DE10312669B3 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2004-10-21 | Honeywell B.V. | Circuit arrangement for determining the flame current of a burner |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2536092A1 (en) * | 1975-08-13 | 1977-02-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electric flame detector for oil or gas burner - has ioniser as flame sensor and switching amplifier to cut fuel supply when flame goes out |
CH663077A5 (en) * | 1983-12-14 | 1987-11-13 | Landis & Gyr Ag | SELF-MONITORING FLAME GUARD. |
GB2252436A (en) * | 1991-02-04 | 1992-08-05 | Black Automatic Controls Limit | Flame detection circuit and method |
-
1997
- 1997-03-27 DE DE1997112938 patent/DE19712938C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-03-24 DE DE59805467T patent/DE59805467D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-24 EP EP19980105254 patent/EP0867661B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-24 ES ES98105254T patent/ES2179394T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102022203963B3 (en) | 2022-04-25 | 2023-07-20 | Prüfrex engineering e motion gmbh & co. kg | Circuit arrangement for flame monitoring |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0867661A3 (en) | 2000-05-24 |
DE59805467D1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
EP0867661A2 (en) | 1998-09-30 |
ES2179394T3 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
DE19712938C1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
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