EP0863362A1 - Procédé d'alimentation d'une unité consommatrice d'un gaz à plusieurs pressions - Google Patents
Procédé d'alimentation d'une unité consommatrice d'un gaz à plusieurs pressions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0863362A1 EP0863362A1 EP98400516A EP98400516A EP0863362A1 EP 0863362 A1 EP0863362 A1 EP 0863362A1 EP 98400516 A EP98400516 A EP 98400516A EP 98400516 A EP98400516 A EP 98400516A EP 0863362 A1 EP0863362 A1 EP 0863362A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- high pressure
- pressure
- unit
- supplying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
- F17D1/04—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours for distribution of gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
- F25J3/04551—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the metal production
- F25J3/04557—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the metal production for pig iron or steel making, e.g. blast furnace, Corex
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04593—The air gas consuming unit is also fed by an air stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
- F25J3/04836—Variable air feed, i.e. "load" or product demand during specified periods, e.g. during periods with high respectively low power costs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
- F25J2250/40—One fluid being air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
- F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an installation of a unit consuming a gas at several pressures.
- it relates to a process for supplying an oxygen-consuming steelworks to two presses.
- Electric steelworks are supplied with oxygen either by vaporization of liquid oxygen either by an air separation device on the site.
- Oxygen consumption is periodic.
- the oxygen produced is compressed to a pressure significantly higher than that of use, by example, it is compressed to 30 bars while the operating pressure is around 12 bars.
- This high pressure oxygen is stored in buffer tanks which empty when consumption increases and fill when consumption decreases.
- the air separation device roughly consistently produces average consumption over a cycle from a steelworks oven.
- the average total oxygen consumption i.e. consumption of burners, refining lances and possibly nozzles and post-combustion injectors if not confused with burners
- the average total oxygen consumption is most often higher (or sometimes slightly lower) than instantaneous consumption in the refining lances. Even if the average consumption is lower than the instant consumption, the device could be - if economically justified - slightly oversized so that we can still apply the ideas that are the subject of this patent application. This effect is particularly marked when there is a post-combustion stage.
- the minimum pressure specified today for the whole the need for oxygen is in fact dictated by the need for the refining lances.
- the pressure at the inlet of the lance is generally of the order of 12 to 15 bars. he it is accepted that burners (including injectors possibly dedicated to the afterburner) can be supplied with oxygen at a lower pressure (of the order of 5 bars or even less). (The injectors are sometimes the burners, which are also used in this case for post-combustion).
- One of the aims of the invention is to supply a consuming unit a gas by reducing the energy needs linked to food.
- Another object of the invention is to limit the maximum pressure of oxygen stored by the supply system, thereby reducing costs investment.
- a supply method is provided of a unit consuming a gas at several pressures comprising a high pressure and a low pressure in which gas is produced at high pressure and sent to the consuming unit.
- FIG. 1 shows a process diagram according to the prior art
- Figure 2 shows a process diagram according to the invention.
- an air separation device 1 generates a flow oxygen 3 to 30 bars. This oxygen is expanded to 13 bars and sent to an oven with an electric arc 9, part being sent to the burners 9A and the other part being sent to the refining lances 9B.
- oxygen is supplied at 15 bar by the air separation 1 which can be a VSA type device or a cryogenic distillation. Oxygen can also be produced by vaporization of liquid under pressure.
- the gaseous oxygen 3 to 15 bars is directed as a priority to the refining lances 9B of an electric arc furnace 9, when these consume oxygen.
- a buffer tank 5 is installed on the supply circuit of the other consuming elements of the oven 9, in particular the burners 9A. The tank keeps the oxygen pressure above the minimum allowable for these elements (5 to 15 bars) when the oxygen production is diverted to the lances. At the same time, part of the oxygen produced by the apparatus 1 can be sent to the other elements, if the production is sufficient for the lances.
- the buffer tank 5 and the other consuming elements of the oven (burners 9A, etc.) if they consume, are supplied with additional oxygen, previously intended for the lances.
- the investment of a compressor compressing oxygen to 30 bars is significantly larger than that of a compressor compressing at 12-15 bars. The overall investment will therefore be less.
- the compressors compressing to 12-15 bars are standard and have delivery times shorter than for machines compressing to 30 bars.
- Another air separation device 11 supplies vaporized liquid to the oven 9.
Abstract
Description
- une partie du gaz à haute pression est stockée dans un réservoir-tampon à une pression qui varie entre les haute et basse pressions
- ladite partie du gaz à haute pression est stockée dans le réservoir-tampon quand la demande de gaz à haute-pression est réduite ou arrêtée
- l'unité est une aciérie consommatrice d'oxygène à plusieurs pressions
- la haute pression est celle de l'alimentation des lances d'affinage (et éventuellement des tuyères) d'une aciérie et/ou la basse pression est celle des brûleurs d'une aciérie
- le gaz est un gaz de l'air produit à la haute pression par un appareil de séparation constitué par un appareil de distillation cryogénique ou un appareil de séparation par adsorption.
- on complète par un liquide vaporisé provenant d'une source autre que l'appareil de séparation quand les besoins instantanés des lances en gaz sont supérieurs à la production maximale de l'appareil de séparation ou bien lorsque la moyenne de consommation sur un cycle est supérieure à la production moyenne maximale pendant ce cycle.
- une installation d'une unité consommatrice d'un gaz à plusieurs pression comprenant une haute pression et une basse pression
- des moyens pour fournir une première partie du gaz à l'unité à la haute pression.
- des moyens pour stocker une deuxième partie du gaz à une pression entre la haute pression et la basse pression dans un réservoir
- des moyens pour envoyer du gaz du réservoir à l'unité
- un appareil de production de gaz relié à l'unité et au réservoir
- des moyens pour fournir du gaz provenant d'une source autre que l'appareil de production à l'unité.
la figure 1 montre un schéma de procédé selon l'art antérieur et
la figure 2 montre un schéma de procédé selon l'invention.
Claims (10)
- Procédé d'alimentation d'une unité consommatrice d'un gaz à plusieurs pressions comprenant une haute pression et une basse pression dans lequel le gaz est produit à la haute pression et envoyé à l'unité consommatrice (9).
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel une partie du gaz à haute pression est stockée dans un réservoir tampon (5) à une pression qui varie entre les haute et basse pressions.
- Procédé selon la revendication 2 dans lequel la partie du gaz à haute pression est stockée dans un réservoir-tampon (5) quand la demande de gaz à haute pression est réduite ou arrêtée.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 dans lequel l'unité 9 est une aciérie consommatrice d'oxygène à plusieurs pressions.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4 dans lequel la haute pression est celle de l'alimentation des lances d'affinage (9B) d'une aciérie et/ou la basse pression est celle des brûleurs (9A) d'une aciérie.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel le gaz est un gaz de l'air produit à la haute pression par un appareil de séparation constitué par un appareil de distillation cryogénique ou un appareil de séparation par adsorption.
- Procédé selon la revendication 6 dans lequel on complète par un liquide vaporisé provenant d'une source autre que l'appareil de séparation quand les besoins instantanés en gaz sont supérieurs à la production maximale de l'appareil de séparation ou bien lorsque la moyenne de consommation sur un cycle est supérieure à la production moyenne maximale pendant ce cycle.
- Installation d'alimentation d'une unité (9) consommatrice d'un gaz à plusieurs pressions comprenant une haute pression et une basse pressiondes moyens (13) pour fournir une première partie du gaz à l'unité à la haute pressiondes moyens pour stocker une deuxième partie du gaz à une pression variant entre la haute pression et la basse pression dans un réservoir (5)des moyens (15) pour envoyer du gaz du réservoir à l'unité.
- Installation selon la revendication 8 comprenant un appareil de production de gaz (1) relié à l'unité (9) et au réservoir (5).
- Installation selon la revendication 9 comprenant des moyens (11) pour fournir du gaz provenant d'une source autre que l'appareil de production (1) à l'unité (9).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9702559 | 1997-03-04 | ||
FR9702559A FR2763664B1 (fr) | 1997-03-04 | 1997-03-04 | Procede d'alimentation d'une unite consommatrice d'un gaz a plusieurs pressions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0863362A1 true EP0863362A1 (fr) | 1998-09-09 |
Family
ID=9504394
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98400516A Withdrawn EP0863362A1 (fr) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-03-04 | Procédé d'alimentation d'une unité consommatrice d'un gaz à plusieurs pressions |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6129778A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0863362A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH10318500A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2232103A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2763664B1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104864270A (zh) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-08-26 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | 一种两座煤气柜接力并网的控制方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3986285B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-15 | 2007-10-03 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 水素供給装置 |
FR2842124B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-09 | 2005-03-25 | Air Liquide | Procede de conduite d'une installation de production de gaz alimentee en electricite et cette installation de production |
CN101280887B (zh) * | 2007-06-06 | 2012-01-11 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所 | 管道气体压力稳定调节系统 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2247012B1 (de) * | 1972-09-25 | 1973-12-06 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Einrichtung an einer brennschneidmaschine zur zufuehrung von gasen |
DE2423002A1 (de) * | 1973-05-16 | 1974-12-05 | Gaz De France | Foerderleitung fuer unter druck stehende, vorzugsweise gasfoermige medien, mit einem druckminderer und mindestens einem absperrventil |
FR2344369A1 (fr) * | 1976-03-20 | 1977-10-14 | Esab Kebe Gmbh | Dispositif de commande de pression de gaz, notamment dans une machine d'oxycoupage |
DE3915247A1 (de) * | 1989-05-10 | 1990-11-15 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Verfahren zum automatischen einstellen von brenngas/sauerstoff- oder luft-gemischen von waerm- oder schneidbrennern |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2712383B1 (fr) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-12-22 | Air Liquide | Installation combinée d'une unité de production de métal et d'une unité de séparation de l'air. |
FR2731712B1 (fr) * | 1995-03-14 | 1997-04-25 | Usinor Sacilor | Procede d'elaboration de l'acier dans un four electrique a arc, et four electrique a arc pour sa mise en oeuvre |
FR2745821B1 (fr) * | 1996-03-11 | 1998-04-30 | Air Liquide | Procede de conduite d'une installation comprenant une unite de traitement de metal et une unite de traitement de gaz |
-
1997
- 1997-03-04 FR FR9702559A patent/FR2763664B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-03-03 JP JP10051058A patent/JPH10318500A/ja active Pending
- 1998-03-04 CA CA002232103A patent/CA2232103A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-04 EP EP98400516A patent/EP0863362A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-03-04 US US09/034,384 patent/US6129778A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2247012B1 (de) * | 1972-09-25 | 1973-12-06 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Einrichtung an einer brennschneidmaschine zur zufuehrung von gasen |
DE2423002A1 (de) * | 1973-05-16 | 1974-12-05 | Gaz De France | Foerderleitung fuer unter druck stehende, vorzugsweise gasfoermige medien, mit einem druckminderer und mindestens einem absperrventil |
FR2344369A1 (fr) * | 1976-03-20 | 1977-10-14 | Esab Kebe Gmbh | Dispositif de commande de pression de gaz, notamment dans une machine d'oxycoupage |
DE3915247A1 (de) * | 1989-05-10 | 1990-11-15 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Verfahren zum automatischen einstellen von brenngas/sauerstoff- oder luft-gemischen von waerm- oder schneidbrennern |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104864270A (zh) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-08-26 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | 一种两座煤气柜接力并网的控制方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6129778A (en) | 2000-10-10 |
FR2763664A1 (fr) | 1998-11-27 |
JPH10318500A (ja) | 1998-12-04 |
CA2232103A1 (fr) | 1998-09-04 |
FR2763664B1 (fr) | 1999-06-18 |
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