EP0861646B1

EP0861646B1 - Body fluid absorbent article

Info

Publication number: EP0861646B1
Application number: EP98301379A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hisashi c/o Res. & Dev. Div. Takai; Junichi c/o Res. & Dev. Div. Noguchi; Hiroki c/o Res. & Dev. Div. Gohda
Original assignee: Unicharm Corp
Current assignee: Unicharm Corp
Priority date: 1997-02-28
Filing date: 1998-02-25
Publication date: 2003-05-02
Anticipated expiration: 2018-02-25
Also published as: KR19980071804A; JPH10234776A; ID20002A; US6417426B1; CN1203068A; EP0861646A2; EP0861646A3; TW530630U; JP3464587B2; SG71085A1

Description

This invention relates generally to body fluid absorbent articles and, more particularly to disposable body fluid absorbent articles such as sanitary napkins or menstruation pads for absorptive retention of menstrual discharge, incontinence pads, bed pads, sheets for surgical operation and diapers.
Disposable body fluid absorbent articles such as sanitary napkins or disposable diapers conventionally comprises a liquid-permeable topsheet, a liquid-impermeable backsheet and a liquid-absorbent core disposed between these sheets. It is well known, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Publication (Kokoku) No. Sho57-17081 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (Kokai) Nos. Hei2-193663 and Hei6-78949 to form the topsheet by a nonwoven fabric or a synthetic resin film having a plurality of openings or capillaries for passage of body fluid or a sheet having the similar openings or capillaries and consisting of a synthetic resin film and nonwoven fabric laminated integrally laminated upon a surface of the synthetic resin film.
The topsheet of prior art has certainly achieved some positive effects but has been had some problems as follows:
In the case of the topsheet made of a non-woven fabric, body fluid may stay therein and give a wearer discomfort feeling or may spread along a surface of the topsheet under a capillary effect of fibers depending on the fiber orientation and cause a leakage of body fluid. In the case of the topsheet made of a synthetic resin sheet, gloss, slimness and chilliness (coldness) peculiar to synthetic resin often give the wearer an uncomfortable touch. In addition, the topsheet. made of such material tends to contract the wearer's skin too closely to leave a space between the skin and the topsheet required to maintain a desired breathability. Finally, in the case of the topsheet made of the sheet consisting synthetic resin film and nonwoven fabric sheet laminated sheet is liable to become rather rigid and to be expensive.
Other conventional absorbent products have been disclosed, in particular EP-A-0 737 462 discloses an absorbent article that includes a topsheet in which a perforated film is covered with a layer of flocked fibres. In US-A-3 967 623 an absorbent pad is described that has a thermoplastic topsheet web which includes a fibrous surface having fibres or tufts. A similar topsheet is described in WO 95/13773, only here the topsheet web does not include a layer of flocked fibres.
In view of the problems as have been described above, it is a principle object of the invention to provide body fluid absorbent articles improved to minimize the previously mentioned problems and to allow body fluid discharged thereon to be rapidly transferred into the article.
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a body fluid absorbent article including a topsheet having a skin-contactable surface, a skin-noncontactable surface, that includes a liquid-absorbent/diffuse sheet provided thereupon, the skin-noncontactable surface being opposed to the skin-contactable surface, and a plurality of liquid passages extending through the topsheet from the skin-contactable surface to the skin-noncontactable surface and arranged so as to be spaced apart one from another in a direction along planes defined by the skin-contactable and skin-noncontactable surfaces, respectively, wherein: the topsheet comprises a base layer and a flocked layer laminated integrally with a top surface of the base layer so as to form the skin-contactable surface, and characterised in that the liquid-absorbent/diffusive sheet comprises a hydrophilic second base layer made of a non-woven fabric and a hydrophilic second flocked layer laminated integrally with the top surface of the base layer made of a nonwoven fabric forming the skin-noncontactable surface.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a sanitary napkin or menstruation pad as a specific embodiment of the invention as viewed from above a skin-contactable surface thereof;
Fig. 2 is a scale-enlarged sectional view schematically and partially showing an embodiment of a topsheet making part of the sanitary napkin;
Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing another embodiment of the topsheet making part of sanitary napkin;
Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing still another embodiment of the topsheet and a liquid-absorbent/diffusive sheet combined with the topsheet; and
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing examples of manners in which a distal end of each short fiber (flock, pile) is curved in a flocked layer.
The topsheets of figures 2 and 3 are useful for understanding the invention. They are however not part of the invention.
Details of a body fluid absorbent article according to the invention will be more fully understood from the description of a sanitary napkin or menstruation pad as a specific embodiment of the invention given hereunder in reference with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a sanitary napkin or menstruation pad as viewed from above a skin-contactable side thereof. The sanitary napkin basically comprises a liquid-permeable topsheet 1, a liquid-impermeable backsheet 2 and a liquid-absorbent core 3 disposed between these two sheets 1, 2. The topsheet 1 entirely covers the backsheet 2 as well as the absorbent core 3 and is sealed along longitudinally opposite ends of the sanitary napkin so as to hold the form thereof as the sanitary napkin.
Fig. 2 is a scale-enlarged sectional view schematically and partially showing a topsheet which is not part of the invention. The topsheet 1 has a skin-contactable surface 4, a skin-noncontactable surface 5 opposed to said skin-contactable surface 4 and a plurality of liquid passages 6. More specifically, the topsheet 1 comprises a base layer 7 and a flocked layer 8. The base layer 7 has a plurality of the liquid passages 6 each extending through the base layer 7 between top and bottom surfaces 9, 10 thereof and being arranged along the surfaces 9, 10 to be spaced apart from the adjacent liquid passages by a given distance. The flocked layer 8 is laminated integrally with the top surface 9 of the base layer 7 by means of an adhesive layer 11 applied on the top surface 9 so as to define the skin-contactable surface 4.
The base layer 7 is made of a thermoplastic resin film. While the thermoplastic synthetic resin film is preferably a low density polyolefine film such polyethylene or polypropylene from the viewpoint of the manufacturing cost, a film of the other type may be also used, for example, polyester, polyamide, EVA or nylon. The film may have a thickness of 7 ∿ 30 µ.
The thermoplastic resin film employed as the base layer 7 may be replaced by a nonwoven fabric of thermoplastic synthetic fibers. The nonwoven fabric may be a melt blown, spun laced, needle punched, thermally bonded, spun bonded or chemically bonded nonwoven fabric of fibers obtained from the previously mentioned synthetic resin. The nonwoven fabric sheet generally has a basic weight of 10 ∿ 35 g/m², a density of 0.15 ∿ 1.25 g/cm³ and a fineness of 0.3 ∿ 10 d. It should be understood that the fibers may be also conjugate fibers of a core/sheath type consisting of a low melting point resin component and a high melting point resin component.
Both the synthetic resin film and the nonwoven fabric preferably present hydrophilicity from the viewpoint of rapid transfer of body fluid. To achieve this, the synthetic resin as the starting material of the synthetic resin film and the nonwoven fabric preferably contain a suitable hydrophilicity enhancing agent or wetting agent of well known art. Otherwise, the film or the fabric or the fibers is preferably applied on a surface thereof with the hydrophilicity enhancing agent or wetting agent. These agents may be, in addition to polyethylene glycol well known as surfactant, suitable resin such as CMC or PVA.
The liquid passages 6 are preferably provided in the forms of tapered capillaries 12 extending from the bottom surface 10, as shown. In order to ensure that body fluid can be rapidly transferred into the absorbent core 3 under the capillary effect, the capillaries 12 are distributed at a density of 5 ∿ 150 capillaries/cm² and each of these capillaries 12 preferably has a diameter of 0.15 ∿ 6 mm at a proximal end thereof and a diameter of 0.1 ∿ 2.5 mm at a distal end thereof. Height of the capillary 12 is preferably limited to 0.05 ∿ 1.5 mm in order to minimize its deformation, for example, its bending which might often prevent body fluid from being rapidly transferred into the absorbent core 3.
The flocked layer 8 comprises a plurality of hydrophobic short fibers 13 in the form of flocks (piles). The short fibers 13 are planted on the base layer 7 by the adhesive layer 11 so as to be substantially vertical to the top surface 9 of the base layer 7. The short fibers 13 generally have a fiber length of 0.3 ∿ 1.5 mm, a fineness of 0.3 ∿ 2 d and a basic weight of 8 ∿ 15 g/m². Each of these short fibers 13 is preferably shaped so as to have a distal end thereof curved as shown by Fig. 5(A) and (B). Such shape can be obtained by pressing heating means against the distal end of the short fiber 13. While not shown, the short fibers 13 may be replaced by beads.
Fig. 3 is a scale-enlarged sectional view schematically and partially showing another embodiment of a topsheet which is not part of the invention. According to this embodiment, the flocked layer 8 is provided not only on the top surface of the base layer 7, i.e., on surfaces of ribs defining upper openings 14 of the respective liquid passages 6 but also on inner surfaces 15 of the respective liquid passages 6, i.e., of the respective capillaries 12. It should be understood that the short fibers 13a (flocks, piles) on the inner surfaces 15 are hydrophilic and collapsed toward distal ends 16 of the respective capillaries 12. Hydrophilicity of the short fibers 13a can be obtained by using the previously mentioned surfactant or the other as the hydrophilicity enhancing agent or wetting agent.
Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing the topsheet according to claim 1 wherein a liquid-absorbent/diffusive sheet is used in combination with the topsheet. Specifically, the liquid-absorbent/diffusive sheet is provided closely in contact with the distal ends 16 of the respective capillaries 12 extending through the topsheet 1. This liquid-absorbent/diffusive sheet 17 comprises a base layer 18 made of a hydrophilic nonwoven fabric and a hydrophilic flocked layer 19 laminated integrally with a top surface of the base layer 18. The base layer 18 is substantially similar to the base layer 7 both in its material and its form. More specifically, the base layer 18 is made of thermoplastic fibers and provided in the form of a sheet. The flocked layer 19 is similar to the previously mentioned flocked layer 8 so far as the flocked layer 19 comprises hydrophilic short fibers (flocks, piles) planted on the top surface of the base layer 18 made of a nonwoven fabric by an adhesive layer 20 so as to extend vertically from the top surface. The flocked layer 19 is different from the flocked layer 8 only in a fact that each of these short fibers 21 forming the flocked layer 19 has a fiber length larger than that of each short fiber in the flocked layer 8. It is desired for the base layer 18 made of nonwoven fabric to have a hydrophilicity considerably higher than the hydrophilicity of the nonwoven fabric forming the base layer 7 in order that body fluid may be absorbed by the absorbent core 3 over its region as large as possible.
Though not shown, the topsheet 1 and the liquid-absorbent/diffusive sheet 17 are preferably heat-sealed together intermittently along planes defined by these two sheets 1, 17 by pin embossing under a heating effect.
The flocked layers 8, 19 can be formed by the well-known process and apparatus, for example, the electrostatic flocking process and the apparatus for implementing this process. The adhesive layers 11, 20 to be used for the flocking process may be, for example, selected from various types of silicone resin so far as such resin is adapted for dry cure under irradiation of ultraviolet rays.
The base layer 7 having the liquid passages 6 extending therethrough may be obtained by any one of the processes of well known art, for example, the processes of prior art as disclosed in the previously mentioned Application. The topsheet 1 according to the specific embodiment shown by Fig. 2 may be, for example, by forming the base layer 7 with the liquid passages 6 and thereafter by forming such base layer 7 with the flocked layer 8. The topsheet according to the alternative embodiment shown by Fig. 3 may be obtained, for example, by the steps of forming the base layer 7 with the flocked layer 8, and feeding this between a roll provided with a plurality of pyramidal male teeth having pointed apices and arranged on a peripheral surface thereof and a roll having a plurality of female teeth adapted to be engaged with the corresponding male teeth to form the liquid passages 6 and to collapse the short fibers 13a planted on the inner surfaces of the respective liquid passages 6 in the direction determined by a direction in which the male teeth act on said short fibers 13a. Simultaneously, a suitable hydrophilicity enhancing agent of well known art previously applied on the male teeth may be transferred to the short fibers 13a planted on the inner surfaces of the respective capillaries 12.
With the body fluid absorbent article according to the invention, the flocked layer laminated with the skin-contactable surface of the topsheet improves appearance, touch and breathability between the skin-contactable surface and a wearer's skin. In addition, the flocks (piles) planted on said skin-contactable surface and extending from the skin-contactable surface substantially in a vertical direction effectively prevent body fluid discharged on the skin-contactable surface from undesirably spread along this surface and eventually leaking beyond outer peripheral edges of the article. Furthermore, the liquid passages having appropriate hydrophilicity enables body fluid to be rapidly introduced from the skin-contactable surface into the liquid passages and then enables body fluid thus introduced into the liquid passages to be rapidly absorbed by the article.
With the liquid passages having the flocks (piles) collapsed toward the distal ends of the respective liquid passages, the transfer of body fluid is promoted. The liquid passages comprising capillaries obviously further promote the transfer of body fluid.
The topsheet provided on its bottom surface with the liquid-absorbent/diffusive sheet further facilitates the body fluid to be rapidly absorbed by the article.
The topsheet laminated integrally with the liquid-absorbent/diffusive sheet advantageously prevents the liquid passages in the form of the capillaries from being undesirably deformed and eliminates an apprehension that such undesirable deformation might obstruct rapid absorption of body fluid.

Claims

A body fluid absorbent article including a topsheet (1) having a skin-contactable surface, a skin-noncontactable surface, that includes a liquid-absorbent/diffuse sheet provided thereupon, the skin-noncontactable surface being opposed to the skin-contactable surface, and a plurality of liquid passages (6) extending through the topsheet from the skin-contactable surface to the skin-noncontactable surface and arranged so as to be spaced apart one from another in a direction along planes defined by the skin-contactable and skin-noncontactable surfaces, respectively, wherein:
the topsheet comprises a base layer (7) and a flocked layer (8) laminated integrally with a top surface of the base layer so as to form the skin-contactable surface, and characterised in that the liquid-absorbent/diffusive sheet comprises a hydrophilic second base layer made of a non-woven fabric and a hydrophilic second flocked layer laminated integrally with the top surface of the base layer made of a nonwoven fabric forming the skin-noncontactable surface.
The absorbent article according to Claim 1, wherein the base layer is made of a thermoplastic synthetic resin film.
The absorbent article according to Claim 1, wherein the base layer is made of a nonwoven fabric sheet containing thermoplastic synthetic fibers.