EP0859947A4 - Dispositif et procede de constitution d'un paquet optique en vue d'une retroaction - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de constitution d'un paquet optique en vue d'une retroaction

Info

Publication number
EP0859947A4
EP0859947A4 EP97934097A EP97934097A EP0859947A4 EP 0859947 A4 EP0859947 A4 EP 0859947A4 EP 97934097 A EP97934097 A EP 97934097A EP 97934097 A EP97934097 A EP 97934097A EP 0859947 A4 EP0859947 A4 EP 0859947A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
predetermined portion
partially reflective
optical element
feedback
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97934097A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0859947A1 (fr
Inventor
Jang-Hun James Yeh
Austin V Harton
Wenbin Jiang
Michael Lebby
Daniel M Lurey
James J Morikuni
Karl Wyatt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motorola Solutions Inc
Original Assignee
Motorola Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motorola Inc filed Critical Motorola Inc
Publication of EP0859947A1 publication Critical patent/EP0859947A1/fr
Publication of EP0859947A4 publication Critical patent/EP0859947A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • G06K7/10821—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum further details of bar or optical code scanning devices
    • G06K7/10851—Circuits for pulse shaping, amplifying, eliminating noise signals, checking the function of the sensing device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/10—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void
    • G01J1/20—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detectors, e.g. by varying incidence angle
    • G01J1/28—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detectors, e.g. by varying incidence angle using variation of intensity or distance of source
    • G01J1/30—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detectors, e.g. by varying incidence angle using variation of intensity or distance of source using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J1/32—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detectors, e.g. by varying incidence angle using variation of intensity or distance of source using electric radiation detectors adapted for automatic variation of the measured or reference value
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • G06K7/10821—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum further details of bar or optical code scanning devices
    • G06K7/10831—Arrangement of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
    • H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
    • H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K2207/00—Other aspects
    • G06K2207/1015—Hologram
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K2207/00—Other aspects
    • G06K2207/1018—Source control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
    • H01S5/02208—Mountings; Housings characterised by the shape of the housings
    • H01S5/02212—Can-type, e.g. TO-CAN housings with emission along or parallel to symmetry axis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
    • H01S5/0225—Out-coupling of light
    • H01S5/02257—Out-coupling of light using windows, e.g. specially adapted for back-reflecting light to a detector inside the housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/026—Monolithically integrated components, e.g. waveguides, monitoring photo-detectors, drivers
    • H01S5/0262—Photo-diodes, e.g. transceiver devices, bidirectional devices
    • H01S5/0264—Photo-diodes, e.g. transceiver devices, bidirectional devices for monitoring the laser-output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
    • H01S5/068—Stabilisation of laser output parameters
    • H01S5/0683—Stabilisation of laser output parameters by monitoring the optical output parameters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to providing optical feedback for applications requiring optical emitters and, more particularly, to using holograms as a feedback mechanism.
  • the present invention relates, in general to a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL).
  • VCSEL vertical cavity surface emitting laser
  • a VCSEL is a semiconductor laser diode in which the laser oscillation and the optical emission occur in a direction normal to the pn junction plane. This device has many properties which are advantageous when compared to the more commonly used edge-emitting laser diodes. These properties include: low optical beam divergence, a circular optical output, and single longitudinal mode operation. In addition, VCSEL devices are manufactured in a manner which allows wafer level testing of individual devices. These properties make
  • VCSELs attractive in applications such as optical data storage, data communication and laser scanners.
  • dynamic stabilization and control of the optical output power is required.
  • edge emitting laser diodes this is usually accomplished by allowing a portion of the light emitted by the laser diode, i.e., using light emitted from the laser diode's rear mirror for bias control, to illuminate an optical photodetector which produces a photocurrent proportional to the intensity of the light emitted by the laser diode.
  • This optically generated photocurrent drives a feedback circuit which controls the laser bias current.
  • Due to the structure of the VCSEL light emitted from the rear mirror is absorbed by the GaAs substrate. Thus, the system of using light emitted fom the rear mirror is unavailable fo bias control.
  • FIG. 1 is a graphic representation of one embodiment of steps of a method in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing one embodiment of a device in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of a device in accordance with the invention.
  • the present invention provides a feedback mechanism for automatic power control for an optical emitter, thus providing automatic adjustment of electrical input current for the optical emitter.
  • This method improves the power stability of semiconductor laser diodes.
  • the utilization of the feedback mechanism provides the advantage that the whole package containing the holographic optical element adapts the optical emitter without significant mechanical modification.
  • the feedback current may be controlled by the diffraction efficiency of the holographic optical element because the reflecting power is determined by the design of the holographic optical element.
  • the design includes the index modulation amplitude, thickness, and grating structure of the holographic film.
  • the use of the holographic optical element allows control of the size of a beam sent to the optical sensing element, thus allowing one to choose a smaller detector than was possible with the prior art.
  • the present invention uses a hologram to direct a predetermined portion of the light emitted from the top surface of the VCSEL onto a separate adjacent photodetector.
  • the resulting photocurrent is proportional to the total optical power of the VCSEL.
  • the hologram can be designed to reflect a predetermined percentage of the total optical output power.
  • the use of the hologram can also be used to reduce the area of illumination on the optical sensing element. This may result in a reduction in the size of the required photodetector.
  • FIG. 1 numeral 100, is a graphic representation of one embodiment of steps of a method in accordance with the present invention. The method provides optical feedback for an optical package.
  • the method includes the steps of: A) generating a beam of light using an optical emitter responsive to an electrical input current (102); B) directing a first predetermined portion of the beam, using a partially reflective holographic optical element/reflector, to exit the partially reflective holographic optical element/reflector and to diffract a second predetermined portion of the beam to an optical sensing unit (104); C) generating feedback for adjusting the electrical input current to the optical emitter based on a received optical power of the second predetermined portion of the beam using an optical sensing unit that is arranged to receive the second predetermined portion of the beam (106).
  • the partially reflective holographic optical element/reflector may be selected to be one of: A) a partially reflective volume holographic optical element recorded in a holographic film; B) a diffractive optical element other than a partially reflective volume holographic optical element; and C) a partially reflecting surface tilted at a predetermined angle.
  • the optical emitter is typically one of: A) an edge emitting laser; B) a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser; and C) a light-emitting diode.
  • the optical sensing unit is generally at least a photodetector.
  • FIG. 2, numeral 200, is a flow chart showing one embodiment of a device in accordance with the present invention.
  • the device for an optical package provides optical feedback and includes an optical emitter (202), a partially reflective holographic optical element or reflector (204), and an optical sensing unit (206).
  • the optical emitter (202) is responsive to an electrical input current, and generates a beam of light.
  • the partially reflective holographic optical element/reflector (204) is arranged to allow a first predetermined portion of the beam to exit the partially reflective holographic optical element/reflector and to diffract a second predetermined portion of the beam to an optical sensing unit (206).
  • the optical sensing unit (206) is arranged to receive the second predetermined portion of the beam, for generating feedback for adjusting the electrical input current to the optical emitter based on a received optical power of the second predetermined portion of the beam.
  • the optical sensing unit (206) provides the feedback current to a current control unit (208) that inputs en electrical input current to the optical emitter (202).
  • the partially reflective holographic optical element/reflector (202) is typically one of: A) a partially reflective volume holographic optical element recorded in a holographic film; B) a diffractive optical element other than a partially reflective volume holographic optical element; and C) a partially reflecting surface tilted at a predetermined angle.
  • the optical emitter (204) is generally one of: A) an edge emitting laser; B) a vertical cavity surface- emitting laser; and C) a light-emitting diode.
  • a photo detector is often utilized as the optical sensing unit (206).
  • An optical storage unit may utilize the device of the present invention.
  • Typical optical storage units are: a compact disk player; a digital video disk player; a compact disk read- only memory drive; a magneto-optical disk drive; and a laser disk player.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of a device in accordance with the invention.
  • the device is typically an enclosed unit having an optical emitter (302), a partially reflective holographic optical element or reflector (304) for partialy reflecting the laser beam to an optical sensing unit (306) and allowing transmittal of another predetermined portion of the laser beam outside the enclosed unit.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un dispositif (200, 300) et sur un procédé (100) de rétroaction optique d'un paquet optique. Le dispositif comporte: un émetteur optique (202) répondant à l'introduction d'un courant électrique (208) pour produire un faisceau lumineux; un élément optique holographique partiellement réfléchissant/réflecteur (204) conçu pour permettre la sortie d'une première partie prédéterminée du faisceau de l'élément optique holographique partiellement réfléchissant/réflecteur, et la diffraction d'une deuxième partie prédéterminée du faisceau vers un détecteur optique (206); et le détecteur optique conçu pour recevoir la deuxième partie prédéterminée du faisceau de manière à produire une rétroaction servant à ajuster le courant électrique introduit dans l'émetteur optique sur la base de la puissance optique de la deuxième partie prédéterminée du faisceau.
EP97934097A 1996-07-16 1997-07-11 Dispositif et procede de constitution d'un paquet optique en vue d'une retroaction Withdrawn EP0859947A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US68297396A 1996-07-16 1996-07-16
US682973 1996-07-16
PCT/US1997/012023 WO1998002719A1 (fr) 1996-07-16 1997-07-11 Dispositif et procede de constitution d'un paquet optique en vue d'une retroaction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0859947A1 EP0859947A1 (fr) 1998-08-26
EP0859947A4 true EP0859947A4 (fr) 2000-04-05

Family

ID=24742024

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97934097A Withdrawn EP0859947A4 (fr) 1996-07-16 1997-07-11 Dispositif et procede de constitution d'un paquet optique en vue d'une retroaction

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0859947A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11513198A (fr)
KR (1) KR19990044693A (fr)
CN (1) CN1197510A (fr)
CA (1) CA2230811A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW486846B (fr)
WO (1) WO1998002719A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6314223B1 (en) * 1998-08-31 2001-11-06 Digital Optics Corporation Diffractive vertical cavity surface emitting laser power monitor and system
GB0000209D0 (en) * 2000-01-07 2000-03-01 Holmetrica Limited Holographic multiplexed image sensor
US6526076B2 (en) * 2000-12-15 2003-02-25 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Integrated parallel channel optical monitoring for parallel optics transmitter
JP4915310B2 (ja) * 2007-08-06 2012-04-11 株式会社デンソーウェーブ 光学的情報読取装置
WO2010097751A2 (fr) 2009-02-25 2010-09-02 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Stabilisation de puissance de sortie pour diodes laser au moyen de la tension laser dépendant du refroidissement photonique
CN102646925B (zh) * 2012-04-25 2016-02-24 青岛镭创光电技术有限公司 带光反馈激光模组结构
US11769984B2 (en) 2021-07-30 2023-09-26 Panasonic Holdings Corporation Laser module, laser oscillator and laser processing system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6086887A (ja) * 1983-10-19 1985-05-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 半導体レ−ザ装置
EP0605929A1 (fr) * 1993-01-04 1994-07-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dispositif pour balayer optiquement une surface
EP0786839A1 (fr) * 1996-01-23 1997-07-30 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Dispositif à l'émission de lumière et appareil de lecture optique

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3949233A (en) * 1974-08-15 1976-04-06 Pitney-Bowes, Inc. Hand held bar code reader with constant linear amplifier output
US5122644A (en) * 1988-11-17 1992-06-16 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Optical code reading device with autofocussing
US5475210A (en) * 1991-09-09 1995-12-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Noise reduction system for optical record and reproduction apparatus using auto-power controlled semiconductor laser device
US5612529A (en) * 1994-10-31 1997-03-18 Psc Inc. System for bar code reading and scanning with automatic gain control

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6086887A (ja) * 1983-10-19 1985-05-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 半導体レ−ザ装置
EP0605929A1 (fr) * 1993-01-04 1994-07-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dispositif pour balayer optiquement une surface
EP0786839A1 (fr) * 1996-01-23 1997-07-30 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Dispositif à l'émission de lumière et appareil de lecture optique

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 009, no. 234 (E - 344) 20 September 1985 (1985-09-20) *
See also references of WO9802719A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0859947A1 (fr) 1998-08-26
TW486846B (en) 2002-05-11
CN1197510A (zh) 1998-10-28
WO1998002719A1 (fr) 1998-01-22
JPH11513198A (ja) 1999-11-09
KR19990044693A (ko) 1999-06-25
CA2230811A1 (fr) 1998-01-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6233263B1 (en) Monitoring and control assembly for wavelength stabilized optical system
US5892786A (en) Output control of vertical microcavity light emitting device
US5801402A (en) VCSEL light output apparatus having a monitoring photodetector and an optical pickup apparatus employing the same
JP2915345B2 (ja) 光検出器一体型表面光レーザとこれを用いた光ピックアップ装置
US5663944A (en) Vertical cavity laser light beam monitored by reflection of a half mirror, with application in optical pick-up
JP3131152B2 (ja) 垂直共振器の面発光レーザーダイオードを用いた光ピックアップ
US5930276A (en) Method and device for providing temperature-stable optical feedback for optical packages
WO1998002719A1 (fr) Dispositif et procede de constitution d'un paquet optique en vue d'une retroaction
EP0240005A2 (fr) Système optique pour un faisceau de laser à semi-conducteur
EP0803943B1 (fr) Module laser à diode à émission de surface avec possibilité de surveillance de la puissance optique
US6061317A (en) Optical pickup having a light-reception photodiode and a monitoring photodiode
KR100209608B1 (ko) 광 출력검지 장치
US6031856A (en) Method, article of manufacture, and optical package for eliminating tilt angle between a header and an optical emitter mounted thereon
JPH1051067A (ja) 垂直空洞面放出レーザ用反射型パワ−監視システム
US6016326A (en) Method for biasing semiconductor lasers
US5757829A (en) Flip chip power monitoring system for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
US6704334B2 (en) Compact semiconductor laser diode module
US7965277B2 (en) Optical navigation system and method of controlling the light output power of the system
US5056100A (en) Semiconductor laser with photon gain lever
Ghisoni et al. Single-and multimode VCSELs operating with continuous relief kinoform for focussed spot-array generation
EP0176329A2 (fr) Diodes laser
US6466594B1 (en) Laser modulating device
US5193083A (en) Optical pick-up device
US20010005389A1 (en) Light power modulalting system
JP3157898B2 (ja) 光半導体装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19980722

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: WYATT, KARL

Inventor name: MORIKUNI, JAMES, J.

Inventor name: LUREY, DANIEL, M.

Inventor name: LEBBY, MICHAEL

Inventor name: JIANG, WENBIN

Inventor name: HARTON, AUSTIN, V.

Inventor name: YEH, JANG-HUN, (JAMES)

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20000222

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A4

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20020201