EP0859151B1 - Compressors, especially for compressed-air provision in a motor vehicle - Google Patents
Compressors, especially for compressed-air provision in a motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0859151B1 EP0859151B1 EP98101952A EP98101952A EP0859151B1 EP 0859151 B1 EP0859151 B1 EP 0859151B1 EP 98101952 A EP98101952 A EP 98101952A EP 98101952 A EP98101952 A EP 98101952A EP 0859151 B1 EP0859151 B1 EP 0859151B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- oil
- input shaft
- cylinder head
- swash plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
- F04B39/0016—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons with valve arranged in the piston
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
- F04B27/0895—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof driving means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F04B27/1009—Distribution members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
- F04B27/1054—Actuating elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/04—Measures to avoid lubricant contaminating the pumped fluid
- F04B39/041—Measures to avoid lubricant contaminating the pumped fluid sealing for a reciprocating rod
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
- F04B39/064—Cooling by a cooling jacket in the pump casing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a compressor for generating compressed air in motor vehicles.
- a known compressor for coolant (US-A-5,492,459) is one by one Drive shaft driven engine provided with a swash plate provided which by means of piston rods with in cylinder bores of the compressor housing running piston communicates; are at the back of the pistons Provided chambers which are interconnected by an annular space, wherein the annulus forms a common suction connection.
- Each piston enters Suction valve and the pressure valves are formed in the cylinder head, such that the pressure chambers of the compressor between the front of the piston and the cylinder head consist.
- the suction chamber of the compressor provided on the rear of the pistons is opposite the engine, d. H. opposite that connected to the drive shaft Swashplate including your guides and bearings on the back Piston extensions not sealed; such a seal is also not provided because such compressors are not for oil-free compressed air generation are provided and the lubrication of the engine with lubricant additives in the coolant to be compressed can happen.
- a compressor (US-A-4,090,430) for gas compression is also known which is a strict separation between the engine and the rear of the pistons existing chambers is provided, the outer circumference of the pistons driving piston rods sealing elements for oil-free sealing of the chambers are provided.
- Suction and pressure valves are in the cylinder head of the compressor intended; a separate lubricant system is assigned to the engine, which compared to the existing chambers at the back of the pistons Help is sealed by the sealing elements acting on the piston rods.
- the pistons run dry, d. H. lubricant-free in assigned cylinder bores of the Compressor housing, so that such compressors for the oil-free compression of Gases, such as air, are provided.
- a special internal cooling of the cylinder head water or other coolant is not in such compressors provided and not possible because of the existing installation space in the cylinder head is largely occupied by the suction and pressure valves.
- the object of the invention is one for the generation of compressed air to serve in motor vehicles compressor, which the input disadvantages and problems mentioned is not subject and which despite compact Construction with dry running properties of the compressor pistons with sufficient Cooling in the cylinder head is provided.
- compressors this type of construction is comparatively inexpensive compared to today's compressors be producible.
- the compressor is characterized by a largely oil-free run, as by the stripping and sealing elements acting on the piston rods are very effective Sealing between engine and compressor part, d. H. compared to that the back of the piston located suction chamber is formed.
- the axial piston compressor shown in Figures 1 and 2 in the form of a swash plate compressor has an oil-lubricated engine 1, which essentially from a swash plate 5 and hemispheres mounted on a drive shaft 3 7 in 9 pans.
- the engine 1 of known mode of operation is used to make 3 straight movements when the drive shaft rotates to reach the piston rods 13 carrying the pistons 11.
- Warehousing the piston rods 13 take place in bearing bores 15 on the oil-lubricated engine side.
- the bearing bores 15 extend on a pitch circle at an angular distance to each other parallel to the longitudinal axis of the compressor by a middle Housing section 17, on which the piston facing oil-stripping sealing elements 19 are provided.
- the ones on the back of the pistons Chambers 21 are through an annular space 22 ( Figure 1) to a common suction space connected, in which a suction port opens.
- the pistons 11 are equipped with piston rings 23 suitable for oil-free dry running and move in the cylinder bores preferably without contact.
- This suction valve establishes the connection between during the suction stroke of the piston Suction chamber and pressure chamber 24 forth, the valve in accordance with FIG left-hand movement of the individual piston opens in such a way that air flows through the Suction port and the interconnected chambers 21 in the pressure chamber 24 arrives and with subsequent movement directed to the right according to FIG closing suction valve 25 via the pressure valve shown in the sectional view 29 and an annular pressure chamber 30 are pushed into the pressure connection 31 becomes.
- Branch bore is lubricated as shown, the right end of the drive shaft 3; Oil is drilled into the interior of the engine via further branch holes initiated. Inside the engine, the oil is used to lubricate all those with friction Divide and leave the compressor through an outlet 47, which communicates with the interior of the engine. In the area of lubrication a seal 48 is provided on the right-hand end of the drive shaft 3, which prevents oil from entering the suction chambers. Arrived via outlet 47 the oil back into the lubricant circuit of the vehicle engine.
- the transport of the cooling oil is not limited to the connection of the oil bore 43 and branch bores 45, ie in a further variant the cooling oil 41 is conducted into the engine 1 along the outer circumference of the housing or by means of channels placed in the housing wall. In this case, the oil chamber 41 is closed with respect to the facing end of the drive shaft 3.
- the very favorable torque curve of the compressor described above makes use of a compact, inexpensive shutdown clutch possible. It is possible to use the shut-off clutch, here as an electromagnetic clutch 49 shown to accommodate space-saving in the interior of the compressor.
- the Swash plate 5 is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 3 and is at Excitation of the magnet from a magnetic disk fixedly attached to the drive shaft 3 51 driven.
- the magnetic disk 51 takes frictional engagement one with the swash plate 5 e.g. Drive plate connected by screws 52 with.
- the magnet is de-energized, the engagement between the drive plate is released and magnetic disc, so that the drive shaft 3 runs empty and the compressor pistons are switched off.
- the control with a pneumatically switched clutch is of a similar design possible.
- the drive shaft and the swash plate are separated, it is possible to produce the swash plate from an inexpensive and good lubricious material, such as. B. Al cast.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kompressor für die Drucklufterzeugung in Kraftfahrzeugen.The invention relates to a compressor for generating compressed air in motor vehicles.
Für die Drucklufterzeugung in Kraftfahrzeugen werden heute weltweit Einzylinderoder Zweizylinder-Kompressoren verwendet. Die Kompressoren sind an den Motoren der Fahrzeuge angebaut und werden über Zahnräder, vereinzelt auch über Keilriemen, vom Motor direkt angetrieben. Die Schmierung der Kompressoren erfolgt aus dem Ölkreislauf der Motoren. Hierbei gelangt zwangsläufig auch Öl über die Kompressorkolben in die Druckluft. Je nach Zustand der Kompressoren können dies erhebliche Ölmengen sein, die größtenteils an den Lüftungsöffnungen der Druckluftanlagen in die Umwelt, meist auf die Straße, ausgegeben werden und damit als Umweltbelastung anzusehen sind. Bei den heute üblichen hohen Betriebsdrücken und der damit verbundenen hohen thermischen Beanspruchung verkokt außerdem ein Teil dieses Öls im Kompressor; die Ölkohle lagert sich im Zylinderkopf des Kompressors und in den nachgeschalteten Geräten ab und beeinflusst dort sehr nachteilig deren Standzeit.For the generation of compressed air in motor vehicles, single cylinders or are used worldwide Two-cylinder compressors are used. The compressors are on the motors of the vehicles and are attached via gears, occasionally also via V-belts, driven directly by the engine. The compressors are lubricated from the oil circuit of the engines. This inevitably also gets oil over the Compressor pistons in the compressed air. Depending on the condition of the compressors, this can considerable amounts of oil, mostly at the ventilation openings of the compressed air systems into the environment, mostly on the street, and thus as Environmental pollution. At today's high operating pressures and the associated high thermal stress also cokes part of this oil in the compressor; the oil coal is stored in the cylinder head of the compressor and in the downstream devices and influences there very disadvantageously their service life.
Geregelt sind diese Kompressoren durch Druckregelventile (Govemor). Hierbei wird der vom ständig mitlaufenden Kompressor geförderte Luftstrom in der Leerlaufphase durch eine Einrichtung am Saugventil des Kompressors gedrosselt oder durch Entlüftungseinrichtungen an den Druckregelventilen in die Atmosphäre abgeleitet. Die in dieser Leerlaufphase vom Kompressor aufgenommene Energie ist reine Verlustenergie. Der Anteil dieser Verlustenergie am Gesamtenergieverbrauch des Kompressors ist nicht unbeträchtlich, denn in Fahrzeugen ist die Einschaltzeit ED, darunter versteht man die Zeit, in der der Kompressor Druckluft in die Anlage pumpt, selten über 30 % der gesamten Laufzeit anzusetzen. Ein Stillsetzen des Kompressors, z. B. über eine Abschaltkupplung, wird nicht praktiziert, weil der Drehmomentenverlauf, besonders die Drehmomentenspitzen, sehr große und kostspielige Kupplungen erforderlich machen. These compressors are regulated by pressure regulating valves (Govemor). Here will the air flow delivered by the continuously running compressor in the idling phase throttled by a device on the suction valve of the compressor or by venting devices discharged into the atmosphere at the pressure control valves. In the This idle phase energy consumed by the compressor is pure energy loss. The share of this energy loss in the total energy consumption of the compressor is not inconsiderable, because in vehicles the switch-on time is ED, including one understands the time in which the compressor pumps compressed air into the system, rarely over 30% of the entire term. A shutdown of the compressor, z. B. via a shut-off clutch, is not practiced because the torque curve, especially the torque peaks, very large and expensive Make couplings necessary.
Ein weiterer Nachteil sind die negativen Drehmomentenanteile nach OT, als dem oberen Totpunkt des Kolbens im Kompressor. Diese führen bei Zahnradantrieb zu einem Flankenwechsel an den Zahnrädern und dadurch zu einer erheblichen Geräuschbelästigung. Bei Fahrzeugen, wo dies nicht gewünscht ist, wird durch kostspielige Maßnahmen an den Zahnrädern (z. B. Flankenspielminimierung, tangential vorgespannte Zahnräder), das genannte Problem mehr oder weniger befriedigend gelöst.Another disadvantage is the negative torque components after TDC than that top dead center of the piston in the compressor. These lead to gear drive a change of flanks on the gears and thereby considerable noise pollution. In vehicles where this is not desired, is by expensive Measures on the gears (e.g. backlash minimization, tangential preloaded gears), the problem mentioned more or less satisfactory solved.
Bei einem bekannten Kompressor für Kühlmittel (US-A-5,492,459) ist ein durch eine Antriebswelle angetriebenes mit einer Taumelscheibe versehenes Triebwerk vorgesehen, welches mittels Kolbenstangen mit in Zylinderbohrungen des Kompressorgehäuses laufenden Kolben in Verbindung steht; an der Rückseite der Kolben sind Kammern vorgesehen, die durch einen Ringraum miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der Ringraum einen gemeinsamen Sauganschluss bildet. Jeder Kolben trägt ein Saugventil und die Druckventile sind im Zylinderkopf gebildet, derart, dass die Druckräume des Kompressors zwischen den Kolbenvorderseiten und dem Zylinderkopf bestehen.In a known compressor for coolant (US-A-5,492,459) is one by one Drive shaft driven engine provided with a swash plate provided which by means of piston rods with in cylinder bores of the compressor housing running piston communicates; are at the back of the pistons Provided chambers which are interconnected by an annular space, wherein the annulus forms a common suction connection. Each piston enters Suction valve and the pressure valves are formed in the cylinder head, such that the pressure chambers of the compressor between the front of the piston and the cylinder head consist.
Der an der Rückseite der Kolben vorgesehene Saugraum des Kompressors ist gegenüber dem Triebwerk, d. h. gegenüber der mit der Antriebswelle verbundenen Taumelscheibe einschließlich Ihrer Führungen und Lagerungen an rückseitigen Verlängerungen der Kolben nicht abgedichtet; eine derartige Abdichtung ist auch nicht vorgesehen, da derartige Kompressoren nicht für die ölfreie Drucklufterzeugung vorgesehen sind und das Schmieren des Triebwerks mit Schmiermittelzusätzen im zu verdichtenden Kühlmittel geschehen kann.The suction chamber of the compressor provided on the rear of the pistons is opposite the engine, d. H. opposite that connected to the drive shaft Swashplate including your guides and bearings on the back Piston extensions not sealed; such a seal is also not provided because such compressors are not for oil-free compressed air generation are provided and the lubrication of the engine with lubricant additives in the coolant to be compressed can happen.
Bekannt ist fernerhin ein Kompressor (US-A-4,090,430) zur Gaskomprimierung, bei welchem eine strenge Trennung zwischen Triebwerk und an der Rückseite der Kolben bestehenden Kammern vorgesehen ist, wobei am Außenumfang der die Kolben antreibenden Kolbenstangen Abdichtelemente zur ölfreien Abdichtung der Kammern vorgesehen sind. Saug- und Druckventile sind im Zylinderkopf des Kompressors vorgesehen; dem Triebwerk ist ein gesondertes Schmiermittelsystem zugeordnet, welches gegenüber den an der Rückseite der Kolben bestehenden Kammern mit Hilfe der an den Kolbenstangen wirkenden Abdichtelemente abgedichtet ist. Die Kolben laufen trocken, d. h. schmiermittelfrei in zugeordneten Zylinderbohrungen des Kompressorgehäuses, so dass derartige Kompressoren zur ölfreien Verdichtung von Gasen, wie Luft, vorgesehen sind. Eine besondere interne Kühlung des Zylinderkopfes durch Wasser oder sonstige Kühlmittel ist bei derartigen Kompressoren nicht vorgesehen und auch nicht möglich, da der bestehende Bauraum im Zylinderkopf weitgehend durch die Saug- und Druckventile belegt ist.A compressor (US-A-4,090,430) for gas compression is also known which is a strict separation between the engine and the rear of the pistons existing chambers is provided, the outer circumference of the pistons driving piston rods sealing elements for oil-free sealing of the chambers are provided. Suction and pressure valves are in the cylinder head of the compressor intended; a separate lubricant system is assigned to the engine, which compared to the existing chambers at the back of the pistons Help is sealed by the sealing elements acting on the piston rods. The pistons run dry, d. H. lubricant-free in assigned cylinder bores of the Compressor housing, so that such compressors for the oil-free compression of Gases, such as air, are provided. A special internal cooling of the cylinder head water or other coolant is not in such compressors provided and not possible because of the existing installation space in the cylinder head is largely occupied by the suction and pressure valves.
Davon ausgehend besteht die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, einen für die Drucklufterzeugung in Kraftfahrzeugen dienenden Kompressor darzustellen, welcher den eingangs genannten Nachteilen und Problemen nicht unterliegt und welcher trotz kompakter Bauweise bei Trockenlaufeigenschaften der Kompressorkolben mit ausreichender Kühlung im Zylinderkopf versehen ist. Gleichzeitig sollen Kompressoren dieser Bauart im Vergleich zu Kompressoren heutiger Bauweise vergleichbar preisgünstig herstellbar sein.Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is one for the generation of compressed air to serve in motor vehicles compressor, which the input disadvantages and problems mentioned is not subject and which despite compact Construction with dry running properties of the compressor pistons with sufficient Cooling in the cylinder head is provided. At the same time, compressors this type of construction is comparatively inexpensive compared to today's compressors be producible.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1.The features of claim 1 serve to achieve this object.
Der Kompressor kennzeichnet sich durch einen weitgehend ölfreien Lauf, da mittels der an den Kolbenstangen wirkenden Abstreif- und Dichtelementen eine sehr wirksame Abdichtung zwischen Triebwerk und Verdichterteil, d. h. gegenüber dem an der Rückseite der Kolben befindlichen Saugraum gebildet ist.The compressor is characterized by a largely oil-free run, as by the stripping and sealing elements acting on the piston rods are very effective Sealing between engine and compressor part, d. H. compared to that the back of the piston located suction chamber is formed.
Dadurch ist es möglich, die Saugventile auf den Kolben anzubringen, d. h. der Kompressor saugt durch die Kolben an. Dies hat wiederum den Vorteil, dass im Zylinderkopf mehr Raum für die Kühlung zur Verfügung steht, so dass es in vielen Fällen möglich ist, den Kompressor mit Kühlöl aus dem Schmiermittelkreislauf des Fahrzeugs zu kühlen. Dies schließt aber nicht aus, dass bei höherer thermischer Beanspruchung Wasserkühlung für den Kompressor angewendet wird.This makes it possible to attach the suction valves to the piston, i. H. the compressor sucks in through the pistons. This in turn has the advantage of being in the cylinder head More cooling space is available, so in many cases is possible, the compressor with cooling oil from the lubricant circuit of the vehicle to cool. However, this does not exclude that with higher thermal stress Water cooling for the compressor is applied.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen sind in den weiteren Patentansprüchen aufgeführt.Advantageous refinements and developments are in the further claims listed.
Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung erläutert.
- Figur 1
- ist eine Längsschnittansicht des Kompressors gemäß der Erfindung, wobei einer der Kolben in versetzter Betriebsstellung gezeigt ist (Linie I-I in Fig. 2); und
- Figur 2
- ist eine Schnitt- und Draufsicht von Linie II - II in Figur 1.
- Figure 1
- is a longitudinal sectional view of the compressor according to the invention, with one of the pistons shown in the offset operating position (line II in Fig. 2); and
- Figure 2
- is a sectional and plan view of line II - II in Figure 1.
Der in Figur 1 und 2 dargestellte Axialkolbenkompressor in Form eines Taumelscheibenkompressors
weist ein ölgeschmiertes Triebwerk 1 auf, welches im wesentlichen
aus einer auf einer Antriebswelle 3 gelagerten Taumelscheibe 5 und Halbkugeln
7 in Lagerpfannen 9 besteht. Das Triebwerk 1 von an sich bekannter Wirkungsweise
wird verwendet, um bei Drehung der Antriebswelle 3 geradlinige Bewegungen
der die Kolben 11 tragenden Kolbenstangen 13 zu erreichen. Die Lagerung
der Kolbenstangen 13 erfolgt in Lagerbohrungen 15 auf der ölgeschmierten Triebwerksseite.
Die Lagerbohrungen 15 erstrecken sich auf einem Teilkreis unter Winkelabstand
zueinander parallel zur Längsachse des Kompressors durch einen mittleren
Gehäuseabschnitt 17, an welchem den Kolben zugewandt ölabstreifende Abdichtelemente
19 vorgesehen sind. Die an der Rückseite der Kolben befindlichen
Kammern 21 sind durch einen Ringraum 22 (Figur 1) zu einem gemeinsamen Saugraum
verbunden, in welchen ein Sauganschluss mündet.The axial piston compressor shown in Figures 1 and 2 in the form of a swash plate compressor
has an oil-lubricated engine 1, which essentially
from a
Die Kolben 11 sind mit für den ölfreien Trockenlauf geeigneten Kolbenringen 23 bestückt
und bewegen sich in den Zylinderbohrungen vorzugsweise berührungsfrei.The
Jede der an der Rückseite der Kolben befindlichen Kammern 21 - als Saugraum wirkend
- ist in vorstehend genannter Weise durch je einen Kolben 11 vom Druckraum
24 des Kompressors getrennt, wobei jeder der Kolben 11 ein Saugventil 25 trägt.
Dieses Saugventil stellt während des Saughubes des Kolbens die Verbindung zwischen
Saugraum und Druckraum 24 her, wobei sich das Ventil bei gemäß Figur 1
links gerichteter Bewegung des einzelnen Kolbens öffnet, derart, dass Luft durch den
Sauganschluss und die miteinander verbundenen Kammern 21 in den Druckraum 24
gelangt und bei nachfolgender, gemäß Figur 1 nach rechts gerichteter Bewegung bei
sich schließendem Saugventil 25 über das in der Schnittansicht dargestellte Druckventil
29 und eine ringförmige Druckkammer 30 in den Druckanschluss 31 ausgeschoben
wird.Each of the
Durch die vorstehend erläuterte Zweiteilung des Arbeitsvolumens in Saugraum und
Druckraum ist es möglich, den die Druckventile 29 tragenden Zylinderkopf 33 des
Kompressors in optimaler Weise zu kühlen, da mehr Kühlfläche zur Verfügung steht.
Bei dem in Figur 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind der Kühlöl- und
Schmierölkreislauf identisch, wobei das Drucköl über den Einlass 35 aus dem
Schmiermittelkreislauf des Fahrzeugmotors dem Kompressor zugeführt wird. Hierbei
strömt das Öl zunächst zur Kühlung über den Ringraum 37 und die Verbindung 39
durch den Zylinderkopf in die zentrale Ölkammer 41; diese ist durch das stimseitige
Ende der Antriebswelle 3 des Kompressors begrenzt. Durch die Antriebswelle erstreckt
sich zentral eine Ölbohrung 43, von welcher an verschiedenen Positionen
Zweigbohrungen 45 abzweigen. Mit Hilfe der bezüglich der Ölkammer 41 ersten
Zweigbohrung wird gemäß Darstellung das rechte Ende der Antriebwelle 3 geschmiert;
über weitere Zweigbohrungen wird Öl in den Innenbereich des Triebwerks
eingeleitet. Im Inneren des Triebwerks dient das Öl zum Schmieren sämtlicher reibungsbehafteter
Teile und verlässt den Kompressor durch einen Auslass 47, welcher
mit dem Inneren des Triebwerks in Verbindung steht. Im Bereich der Schmierung
des rechtsseitigen Endes der Antriebswelle 3 ist eine Dichtung 48 vorgesehen, welche
das Eindringen von Öl in die Saugräume verhindert. Über den Auslass 47 gelangt
das Öl wieder in den Schmiermittelkreislauf des Fahrzeugmotors.Due to the division of the working volume into the suction space and
Pressure chamber, it is possible that the pressure valves 29 bearing
Der Transport des Kühlöls ist nicht auf die Verbindung aus Ölbohrung 43 und Zweigbohrungen
45 beschränkt, d. h. in einer weiteren Variante wird das Kühlöl 41 entlang
dem Außenumfang des Gehäuses bzw. mittels in der Gehäusewandung plazierter
Kanäle in das Triebwerk 1 geleitet. In diesem Falle ist die Ölkammer 41 gegenüber
dem zugewandten Ende der Antriebswelle 3 verschlossen.The transport of the cooling oil is not limited to the connection of the
Im Falle der Verwendung von Wasser aus dem Kühlkreislauf des Fahrzeugmotors
für die Kühlung des Kompressors ist der vorgenannte Schmiermittel- und Kühlmittelkreislauf
getrennt und die in Figur 1 dargestellte Verbindung 39 entfällt. Durch den
Einlass 35 wird nur Kühlwasser eingeleitet. In dem anhand von Figur 1 und 2 dargestellten
Ausführungsbeispiel sind der Kühlwasserauslass und der an anderer Stelle
des Kompressors befindliche Schmiermitteleinlass nicht gezeigt.In the case of using water from the cooling circuit of the vehicle engine
for the cooling of the compressor is the aforementioned lubricant and coolant circuit
separated and the
Der sehr günstige Drehmomentverlauf des vorstehend beschriebenen Kompressors
macht die Verwendung von einer kompakten, kostengünstigen Abschaltkupplung
möglich. Es ist möglich, die Abschaltkupplung, hier als elektromagnetische Kupplung
49 dargestellt, platzsparend im Innenraum des Kompressors unterzubringen. Die
Taumelscheibe 5 ist hierbei drehbar auf der Antriebswelle 3 gelagert und wird bei
Anregung des Magneten von einer drehfest auf der Antriebswelle 3 befestigten Magnetscheibe
51 angetrieben. Die Magnetscheibe 51 nimmt hierbei unter Reibschluss
eine mit der Taumelscheibe 5 z.B. durch Schrauben verbundene Mitnehmerscheibe
52 mit. Bei Entregung des Magneten löst sich der Eingriff zwischen Mitnehmerscheibe
und Magnetscheibe, so dass die Antriebswelle 3 leer durchläuft und die Kompressorkolben
abgeschaltet sind.The very favorable torque curve of the compressor described above
makes use of a compact, inexpensive shutdown clutch
possible. It is possible to use the shut-off clutch, here as an electromagnetic clutch
49 shown to accommodate space-saving in the interior of the compressor. The
In ähnlicher Bauweise ist die Regelung mit einer pneumatisch geschalteten Kupplung möglich.The control with a pneumatically switched clutch is of a similar design possible.
Mit der vorstehend erläuterten Art der Abschaltregelung ist es möglich, im Durchtrieb
durch den Kompressor andere Geräte, wie z. B. eine Lenkhilfepumpe anzutreiben,
auch wenn der Kompressor ausgekuppelt ist. Die mögliche Regelung des Kompressors
mit einer Abschaltkupplung hat neben der optimalen Energieeinsparung den
Vorteil, die Standzeit der ölfrei laufenden Kolbenringe 23 als auch die Standzeit der
Abdichtelemente 19 auf den Kolbenstangen 13 so zu erhöhen, dass unter der Berücksichtigung
der eingangs erwähnten Einschaltzeit ED von maximal 30 % mit diesen
Bauteilen eine insgesamt ausreichende Standzeit erreicht wird.With the type of shutdown control explained above, it is possible in the through drive
through the compressor other devices, such as. B. to drive a power steering pump,
even when the compressor is disengaged. The possible regulation of the compressor
with a shut-off clutch has besides the optimal energy saving
Advantage, the service life of the oil-
Weil im erfindungsgemäßen Kompressor die Antriebswelle und die Taumelscheibe getrennt sind, ist es möglich, die Taumelscheibe aus einem kostengünstig herstellbaren und gut gleitfähigen Werkstoff, wie z. B. Al-Guss herzustellen. Because in the compressor according to the invention the drive shaft and the swash plate are separated, it is possible to produce the swash plate from an inexpensive and good lubricious material, such as. B. Al cast.
- 1 =1 =
- Triebwerkengine
- 3 =3 =
- Antriebswelledrive shaft
- 5 =5 =
- Taumelscheibeswash plate
- 7 =7 =
- Halbkugelhemisphere
- 9 =9 =
- Lagerpfannebearing cup
- 11 =11 =
- Kolbenpiston
- 13 =13 =
- Kolbenstangepiston rod
- 15 =15 =
- Lagerbohrungbearing bore
- 17 =17 =
- Gehäuseabschnitthousing section
- 19 =19 =
- Abdichtelementsealing
- 21 =21 =
- Kammerchamber
- 22 =22 =
- Ringraumannulus
- 23 =23 =
- Kolbenringpiston ring
- 24 =24 =
- Druckraumpressure chamber
- 25 =25 =
- Saugventilsuction
- 29 =29 =
- Druckventilpressure valve
- 30 =30 =
- Druckkammerpressure chamber
- 31 =31 =
- Druckanschlußpressure connection
- 33 =33 =
- Zylinderkopfcylinder head
- 35 =35 =
- EinlaßInlet
- 37 =37 =
- Ringraumannulus
- 39 =39 =
- Verbindungconnection
- 41 =41 =
- Ölkammeroil chamber
- 43 =43 =
- Ölbohrungoil well
- 45 =45 =
- Zweigbohrungbranch bore
- 47 =47 =
- Auslaßoutlet
- 48 =48 =
- Dichtungpoetry
- 49 =49 =
- elektromagnetische Kupplungelectromagnetic clutch
- 51 =51 =
- Magnetscheibemagnetic disk
- 52 =52 =
- Mitnehmerscheibedriver disc
Claims (6)
- Compressor for producing compressed air in motor vehicles, having the following features:a) the compressor has a drive mechanism (1) driven by an input shaft (3), provided with a swash plate (5) and lubricated with oil;b) the drive mechanism (1) is in communication with pistons (11) running in cylinder bores of the compressor housing by means of piston rods (13);c) at the back of the pistons (11), there are chambers (21) that are interconnected by an annular space (22) and are in communication with a common intake connection;d) opposite each of the piston rods (13), sealing elements (29) are in operation for the purpose of the oil-free sealing of the chambers (21) from the drive mechanism (1);e) each piston (11) carries a suction valve (25) and the cylinder head (33) carries the pressure valves (29) of the compressor in such a way that the pressure spaces (24) of the compressor are formed between the piston fronts and the cylinder head (33); andf) the cylinder head (33) has at least one coolant space (annular space 37) for cooling the pressure side of the compressor by means of coolant oil or water.
- Compressor according to Claim 1, characterized in that, if coolant oil is used, the drive mechanism (1) of the compressor is lubricated by the coolant oil of the cylinder head (33).
- Compressor according to Claim 2, characterized by the following features:a) the annular space (37) in the interior of the cylinder head (33) is in communication with an inlet (35) for the coolant and lubricating oil;b) the cylinder head (33) delineates in the interior of the compressor an oil chamber (41) that extends centrally in the direction of the drive mechanism (1) and is in communication via a connection (39) with the annular space (37); andc) the oil chamber (41) is delineated on the drive-mechanism side by the input shaft (3) of the compressor and is in communication with bores (oil bore 43, branch bore 45) extending in the input shaft (3) and leading to the drive mechanism.
- Compressor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a coupling (49) for coupling the input shaft (3) to the swash plate (5), which coupling surrounds the input shaft (3) in the interior of the compressor and can be actuated electromagnetically or pneumatically.
- Compressor according to Claim 4, characterized in that the swash plate (5) is rotatably mounted on the input shaft (3) and can be coupled to the input shaft (3) in a rotation-locked manner by means of the coupling (49) so that the swash plate (5) and the input shaft (3) can be made of different materials.
- Compressor according to Claim 5, characterized in that the drive shaft (3) is composed of steel and in that the swash plate (5) is constructed from an inexpensively producible material with good sliding-bearing capability, for example cast aluminium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19706066A DE19706066A1 (en) | 1997-02-17 | 1997-02-17 | Compressor providing compressed air in vehicle |
| DE19706066 | 1997-02-17 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0859151A2 EP0859151A2 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
| EP0859151A3 EP0859151A3 (en) | 1999-08-04 |
| EP0859151B1 true EP0859151B1 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
Family
ID=7820512
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98101952A Expired - Lifetime EP0859151B1 (en) | 1997-02-17 | 1998-02-05 | Compressors, especially for compressed-air provision in a motor vehicle |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6247901B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0859151B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19706066A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020112664A1 (en) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-11-11 | OET GmbH | Reciprocating compressor for generating oil-free compressed air |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19922511B4 (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 2004-07-08 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Oil circulation structure for a linear compressor |
| DE19847159C2 (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2001-12-06 | Hans Unger | Compressor for generating oil-free compressed air |
| TW506110B (en) * | 2000-05-04 | 2002-10-11 | United Microelectronics Corp | Electrostatic discharge protection circuit of silicon controller rectifying structure |
| US6439857B1 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2002-08-27 | Haldex Brake Corporation | Axial piston compressor |
| KR20040022787A (en) * | 2002-09-07 | 2004-03-18 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Apparatus for sucking gas in reciprocating compressor |
| JP3855940B2 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2006-12-13 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Lubrication structure in a compressor |
| US20040253122A1 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-12-16 | Gary Grochowski | Endbell cylinder frame and housing for oil-free |
| DE102004061235A1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-07-06 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Dry-running swash plate compressor with a roller bearing swashplate |
| DE102004061224B4 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2010-09-09 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Piston-cylinder arrangement, in particular for a swash plate compressor |
| DE102004061233B3 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-07-13 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Dry running compressor, in particular swash plate compressor, with a piston rod storage |
| DE102004061236B3 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-08-31 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Piston-cylinder arrangement for a reciprocating compressor |
| DE102004061237A1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-07-06 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Dry running swash plate compressor with a coated swash plate |
| US7178450B1 (en) | 2005-10-06 | 2007-02-20 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Sealing system for a compressor |
| DE102007037687B3 (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2008-09-25 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Lenkhelfpumpenantrieb |
| JP3153200U (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2009-08-27 | 株式会社ヴァレオサーマルシステムズ | Piston type compressor |
| US9856866B2 (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2018-01-02 | Wabtec Holding Corp. | Oil-free air compressor for rail vehicles |
| CN103953526A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-30 | 王敏 | Piston of air compressor |
| DE102014209892A1 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2015-11-26 | Mahle International Gmbh | axial piston |
| DE102014010018A1 (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-01-14 | Gea Bock Gmbh | compressor |
| EP4112933A1 (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-04 | KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Integrated cooling of a compressor |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE661954C (en) | 1935-04-09 | 1938-06-30 | Sulzer Akt Ges Geb | Rapidly running piston engine for high pressure hot steam |
| DE1083480B (en) | 1953-05-26 | 1960-06-15 | Sulzer Ag | Piston compressor |
| FR1571234A (en) | 1968-07-01 | 1969-06-13 | ||
| US3577891A (en) * | 1968-08-21 | 1971-05-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Swash plate compressor |
| DE1955447A1 (en) * | 1969-11-04 | 1971-05-13 | Vilter Manufacturing Corp | Piston gas compressor |
| US3817660A (en) * | 1971-06-25 | 1974-06-18 | Ford Motor Co | Air conditioner compressor |
| US3999894A (en) * | 1973-04-23 | 1976-12-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho | Compressor assembly |
| US3961868A (en) * | 1974-02-21 | 1976-06-08 | Thomas Industries, Inc. | Air compressor |
| US3945765A (en) * | 1974-04-15 | 1976-03-23 | Sankyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Refrigerant compressor |
| DE2436407C3 (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1980-09-11 | Bristel Compreesors, Inc., Bristel, Va. (V.St.A.) | Axial piston compressor for a refrigeration system |
| US4090430A (en) * | 1974-10-09 | 1978-05-23 | The Japan Steel Works | Swash plate type compressor |
| JPS5781176A (en) * | 1980-11-06 | 1982-05-21 | Diesel Kiki Co Ltd | Rotary swash plate type compressor |
| JPS59221480A (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1984-12-13 | Showa Seiki Kogyo Kk | Reciprocating type oil-free gas compressor |
| JPH0637874B2 (en) | 1984-12-28 | 1994-05-18 | 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 | Variable capacity compressor |
| GB2175653A (en) | 1985-05-23 | 1986-12-03 | Song Wu | An air cooling and reciprocating type of air compressor without lubricant |
| US5540560A (en) * | 1993-04-14 | 1996-07-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho | Compressor with rotation detecting mechanism |
| US5362154A (en) * | 1993-08-16 | 1994-11-08 | Bernard Wiesen | Pivoting slipper pad bearing and crosshead mechanism |
| US5492459A (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1996-02-20 | General Motors Corporation | Swash plate compressor having a conically recessed valved piston |
| DE19501220A1 (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1996-07-18 | Knorr Bremse Systeme | compressor |
-
1997
- 1997-02-17 DE DE19706066A patent/DE19706066A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-02-05 EP EP98101952A patent/EP0859151B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-05 DE DE59808007T patent/DE59808007D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-17 US US09/024,405 patent/US6247901B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020112664A1 (en) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-11-11 | OET GmbH | Reciprocating compressor for generating oil-free compressed air |
| WO2021228598A1 (en) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-11-18 | OET GmbH | Reciprocating compressor for generating oil-free compressed air |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19706066A1 (en) | 1997-11-20 |
| US6247901B1 (en) | 2001-06-19 |
| EP0859151A3 (en) | 1999-08-04 |
| EP0859151A2 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
| DE59808007D1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
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