EP0858590A4 - Dispositif de verification du sable de fonderie et procede associe - Google Patents

Dispositif de verification du sable de fonderie et procede associe

Info

Publication number
EP0858590A4
EP0858590A4 EP96938678A EP96938678A EP0858590A4 EP 0858590 A4 EP0858590 A4 EP 0858590A4 EP 96938678 A EP96938678 A EP 96938678A EP 96938678 A EP96938678 A EP 96938678A EP 0858590 A4 EP0858590 A4 EP 0858590A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sand
green
cylinder
sample
green sand
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96938678A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0858590A1 (fr
Inventor
Perry L Thomas
Ronald W Roethlisberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hartley Controls Corp
Original Assignee
Hartley Controls Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hartley Controls Corp filed Critical Hartley Controls Corp
Publication of EP0858590A1 publication Critical patent/EP0858590A1/fr
Publication of EP0858590A4 publication Critical patent/EP0858590A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00178—Special arrangements of analysers
    • G01N2035/00188—Special arrangements of analysers the analyte being in the solid state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00178—Special arrangements of analysers
    • G01N2035/00207—Handling bulk quantities of analyte
    • G01N2035/00217—Handling bulk quantities of analyte involving measurement of weight
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0025—Shearing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0284—Bulk material, e.g. powders

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to granular material testing structures and methods and refers more specifically to an automatic structure for performing a plurality of tests for foundry sand including determining the compactability and moisture content of a sample of foundry sand. It is a further development of the inventions of U.S. Patents 4,699,011 and 4,930,354. This invention provides a more comprehensive device to more fully automate sand testing. The applicant is not aware of any prior art that either teaches or shows the advantages of the invention disclosed and claimed herein.
  • a granular material testing apparatus comprising three test stations, a green sand cylinder having a load cell and a spring located underneath it mounted to a rail movement mechanism, and a computer program controlled system for controlling the various tests performed, interpreting the data resulting from each test, and providing foundry personnel with a print out of the sand's condition.
  • the objective of the invention is to duplicate standard test methods with an automated testing apparatus.
  • the computer program of the control system is used to control and conduct the various tests on the sand. It should be noted that the various tests, using the structure and methodology disclosed herein absent the computer program controlled system, may still be performed manually without departing from the structure and method disclosed herein.
  • the green sand cylinder is filled by a funnel filling mechanism or riddle to an overflowing condition with green or wet sand.
  • a piston mechanism which includes a spring and a load cell.
  • the control program causes the green sand cylinder to be moved on its track so that it passes under an excess sand wiper which removes the excess sand so that the green sand cylinder is completely filled top to bottom and there is now a known volume of sand in the cylinder.
  • the cylinder continues to move from the excess sand wiper to the green sand compacting station or second test station.
  • the green sand cylinder is positioned under a compacting cylinder having a piston.
  • the piston is extended into the cylinder and the sand is compacted.
  • the piston is extended at a known or predetermined pressure.
  • the piston stops extending when the sand's resistance to compaction is equal to the predetermined extension pressure of the piston.
  • the compaction of the sand is determined by measuring the amount of linear extension of the piston into the green sand cylinder.
  • a significant amount of pressure is applied to the sand within the green sand cylinder and through the sand to the bottom of the green sand cylinder.
  • a load cell located at the bottom of the green sand cylinder.
  • the load cell has a maximum mass capacity which is typically less than that of the force or pressure applied to the sand during compaction.
  • a spring is positioned under the bottom of the green sand cylinder. The spring, based upon the probable maximum pressure which could be produced during compaction, deflects sufficient pressure to prevent damage to the load cell. Springs of different k value may be used if it is desired to increase or decrease the amount of deflection.
  • the green sand compaction piston is retracted, and the gross mass of the cylinder and the sand is determined by allowing the cylinder to float freely on the load cell.
  • the mass of the empty cylinder is a known quantity. Accordingly, the difference between the mass of the cylinder empty and the mass of the cylinder full is the mass of the sand. This mass is input into the computer programmed control system and is factored into the equations used to provide necessary information regarding the sand.
  • the sample of compacted green sand in the green sand cylinder is raised approximately .5 inches (1.27 centimeters) in the green sand cylinder by extending the piston located beneath the green sand cylinder. The piston is then retracted. The bottom of the green sand
  • the air/gas is supplied at a fixed or known or predetermined pressure and the rate at which it passes from the top of the green sand sample, through the green sand sample, and to the bottom of the green sand sample is measured.
  • the sand sample be raised in the green sand cylinder so that the entire bottom surface is exposed to atmospheric air pressure, this need not be done to practice this part of the present invention because a calibration constant could be introduced into the permeability equation to take into account the fact that the entire bottom surface area of the green sand sample is not exposed to atmosphere.
  • the gas is turned off, the green sand compaction piston is retracted, and the sealing plate is removed from the top of the green sand cylinder.
  • the green sand cylinder containing the sample is then moved to the green sand compression strength and moisture testing station.
  • a predetermined portion of the compacted green sand sample is extruded from the cylinder by extending the piston located beneath the green sand cylinder so that the predetermined portion of the sample is positioned in front of at least one microwave projector. It should be noted that a single microwave projector capable of performing in a manner which provides a result equivalent to the microwave projectors disclosed in the detailed description may also be used.
  • a microwave signal is projected at the extruded portion of the green sand sample. If there is moisture in the sample it will absorb the microwave signal energy. This will cause the attenuation of the microwave signal (i.e. reduction in the signal amplitude). The reduction is proportional to the amount of water in the sample.
  • This information is recorded in the computer and reported as a moisture level number based upon the formula disclosed below in the program controlling the apparatus. After the moisture level test, either a green sand shear test or a green sand compression test may be performed. If the shear test is desired, a shear test piston contacts the side of the extruded sample. Again pressure is increased until the sample is sheared and destroyed. The result is recorded by the computer.
  • the green sand compression or strength test may also be performed wherein a green sand compression piston is applied to the upper or top surface of the extruded sample and pressure is applied to deform the sample.
  • This deformation is measured in real time by a linear transducer, which measures the displacement of the cylinder extension or piston extension, to measure the deformation of the sample sand plug when increasing pressure is applied. Consequently, the deformation characteristics of the sample may be measured in real time while the sample is under pressure before fracturing at the green strength limit.
  • the linear transducer may be used to measure the height of the sand plug (the compacted green sand sample) to within plus or minus .0002 inches (.000508 centimeters).
  • the linear transducer may be used to do this in at least one of two ways.
  • the first way includes having a separate linear transducer connected to the piston located beneath the green sand cylinder so that as the predetermined portion of the sample is extruded from the cylinder, the extension of the piston located beneath the green sand cylinder is measured and controlled so that only two inches (5.08 centimeters) of the green sand sample plug is extruded.
  • the linear transducer connected to the green sand compression piston may be used where the piston head to which the linear transducer is connected is placed on the top opening of the green sand cylinder and this position is noted via the linear transducer in a computer program.
  • the piston head is held in this position either by gravity or with just sufficient retractive force so that while the piston head is not lifted away from the opening its effective weight is relatively small so that as the sample is extruded the piston head is lifted and the linear transducer continuously communicates to the computer program the distance the sample has been extruded by constantly recording the relative position of the piston head. This information is continuously fed into the computer.
  • the computer causes a signal to be sent to the green sand cylinder when the position of the cylinder head is determined to be, from the data supplied by the linear transducer, that two inches (5.08 centimeters) of sample have been extruded.
  • a third alternative is that two linear transducers, one connected to the cylinder head above the green sand cylinder and one connected to the piston in the green sand cylinder could be used simultaneously as previously described above to measure the amount of sample extruded.
  • the linear transducer of the present invention could also be used in an additional test wherein the compressive force caused by the extension of the cylinder is modulated such that initial pressure is applied to the green sand sample and then released and then applied again and released therby continuously measuring the elastic reaction of the sand sample plug in real time by noting the springiness or expansion after compression of the sample plug in response to the modulation of the pressure applied to the plug.
  • This compressive force is used to determine the limits on the elastic range of the plug by applying the modulated compressive force until there is no longer an elastic reaction from the green sand sample.
  • the information recorded by the linear transducer in real time is communicated in real time to a computer control system.
  • the program is capable of producing an output to provide real time information regarding the deformation of the sample prior to fracturing of the sample as well as providing an extremely accurate reading of the size of the sample.
  • the green sand cylinder is then returned to its starting position underneath the filling station and the remaining sand sample in the cylinder is discharged so that the cylinder is empty and ready for a new test.
  • the present invention is fully automated and simple to operate.
  • the 5 automatic nature of the apparatus increases efficiency and frees the tester for other functions.
  • these tests could be done using the mechanical apparatus only independent of the computer program control. Accordingly, practicing the present invention is not dependent upon using the unique structure and method disclosed herein only in conjunction with the computer program.
  • the use of the computer l o control program is preferred because it increases the speed of the testing to a level that is faster than if done manually.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the sand testing apparatus.
  • Figure 1A is a front elevational view of the and testing apparatus.
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the sand testing apparatus filling station.
  • Figure 3 is a front elevational view of the sand testing apparatus compacting station including a partial cutaway section of the sand sample raising mechanism.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of a portion of the partial cutaway section of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a front elevational view of the sand testing apparatus compacting station.
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view of the sand testing apparatus compacting station showing the sealing plate in position.
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view of the sand container showing the raising piston moving 5 in an upward direction.
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view of the sand container showing the raising position in a retracted position.
  • Figure 9 is a partially cutaway view of the sand container showing the sealing plate in place.
  • Figure 10 is a partially cutaway view of the sand container showing the introduction of gas above the sample.
  • Figure 11 is a partially cutaway view of the sand container showing the sand sample and microwave projectors.
  • Figure 12 is a partially cutaway view of the sand container showing the sample and compacting tool just prior to sample destruction.
  • Figure 13 is a side elevational view of the sand testing apparatus including the control panel.
  • Figure 14 is a rear elevational view of back of the sand testing apparatus.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view of the microwave equipment of the sand testing apparatus.
  • Figure 16 is a side elevational view of the green strength testing station showing a linear transducer coupled to said station.
  • the present invention comprises a sand testing apparatus and method for testing sand.
  • the invention functions by testing a sample from a bath of foundry green sand. The characteristics and quality of the sand are determined. This data output is then compared with the desired characteristics and quality level desired in the sand and is used to initiate the necessary changes to achieve the optimum foundry green sand, if necessary.
  • the invention and its related structure is shown generally at 10 in the Figures.
  • the sand testing apparatus 10 includes a frame 30, a moving mechanism
  • the invention 10 can be seen as a whole generally in Figures 1,
  • FIG. 1A, 13, and 14 Each of the above noted testing stations and their respective components are shown in detail in Figures 2 through 12 and 16.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the moisture testing apparatus using microwave projectors.
  • sand testing apparatus 10 includes a frame 30 upon which is located a moving mechanism 40.
  • Moving mechanism 40 includes a table 42, a pneumatic cylinder 44, a pair of table guides 46, and a pair of rails 48.
  • the table guides 46 are attached to the underside of the table 42.
  • the rails 48 pass through the table guides 46.
  • pneumatic cylinder 44 When pneumatic cylinder 44 is extended or retracted, table 42 moves along rails 48 accordingly.
  • sand container 50 Situated upon table 42 is a sand container or specimen tube 50.
  • the sand container 50 has a cylindrical interior chamber.
  • the interior chamber could comprise any suitable geometric shape.
  • the walls 52 of container 50 must be of suitable thickness so that when the contents of the container 50 are placed under pressure, the container 50 will not fracture.
  • the container 50 furthermore has an open top 54 and an open bottom 56.
  • Filling station 60 includes a riddle 62 into which green sand 22 to be tested is placed.
  • the riddle 62 has a funnel-like design including an open top 64 and a smaller output chute 66.
  • output chute 66 is located directly above open top 54 of container 50.
  • a valve 68 is located in output chute 66.
  • valve 68 is opened, green sand 22 is dispensed from riddle 62 into container 50.
  • the valve 68 is left open long enough for the sand 22 to fill container 50 to an overflowing condition. Once container 50 has been filled to an overflowing condition with sand 22, valve 68 is closed.
  • Wiping station 70 comprises a wiping blade 72 having a wiping edge 74. Wiping edge 74 comes within substantial wiping contact with top 54 of container 50. Thus, the green sand 22 that resides above and outside of container 50 is wiped away off of the top 54 of container 50 by wiping edge 74. The excess green sand 22 falls into a collection bin which is located within sand testing apparatus 10 just below filling station 60 on frame 30. The wiping station 70 assures the reliability of each test performed since the amount of sand 22 place in the container 50 will always be of the same volume.
  • FIG. 1 shows container 50 in the compacting station 80.
  • moving mechanism 40 stops.
  • the sand container 50 is positioned directly beneath a compacting cylinder 82
  • Compacting cylinder 82 includes a cylinder ram 84 and a compacting tool 86.
  • Compacting tool 86 is located on the end of cylinder ram 84.
  • the cylinder ram 84 and compacting tool 86 are extended downward and outward from compacting cylinder 82 and into container 50.
  • the sand 22 is compacted into a sand sample 20.
  • the cylinder ram 84 and compacting tool 86 stop extending when the compacted sand 22 exhibits a resistance to the compaction that is equal to the predetermined extension pressure of the compacting cylinder 82 This position is maintained for a predetermined period of time.
  • the compaction of the sand 22 is determined by measuring the linear extension of the compacting tool 86 into the sand container 50.
  • the pressure of compaction is a constant
  • the specific dimensions of the sand container are 4.75 inches (12.06 cm) in height and 2.0 inches (5.08 cm) in diameter. If the compacting tool 86 has extended 2.375 inches (6.03 cm) into the container 50, then the compression of the sand 22 is considered to be 50%.
  • container 50 further includes a plate-like floor 90 which fits shdably with container walls 52.
  • Floor plate 90 can be raised and lowered by rod 104 which extends and retracts into cylinder 102 of rising mechanism 100.
  • Cylinder 102 is mounted on table 42 and extends downward therefrom.
  • Floor plate 90 in turn is supported above rising mechanism 100 by a spring 92 and load cell 94.
  • a dowel 93 may be inserted between the spring 92 and load cell 94. During compaction, a significant amount of pressure is applied to the sand 22 within the container 50.
  • Said pressure passes through the sand 22 to the floor plate 90 of the sand container 50.
  • This pressure is measured by the load cell 94 located just beneath bottom plate 90.
  • the load cell 94 has a maximum capacity of 1000 grams.
  • a spring 92 having a k value of 44 lbs. per inch (19.98 kilograms per 2.54 centimeters) is positioned under the bottom plate 90 of the sand container 50. The spring 92 deflects sufficient pressure to prevent damage to the load cell 94.
  • the compacting cylinder ram 84 and compacting tool 86 are retracted as shown in Figure 5.
  • the sand testing apparatus 10 measures the mass of the sand sample 20 in container 50.
  • the gross mass of the container 50 and sand sample 20 is determined by allowing the filled container 50 to float freely on load cell 94.
  • the mass of the container 50 is known quantity. Accordingly, the differences between the mass of the container in an empty state and the mass of the container in a full state equals the mass of the sand sample 20.
  • This mass is input into the controller 200 of the sand testing apparatus 10.
  • a gas permeability test is next performed on the sand sample 20.
  • the air volume flow rate is measured by a mass flow meter calibrated to read out in standard liters per minute (SLM).
  • SLM standard liters per minute
  • the operating principal of the mass flow meter is based on heat transfer and on conservation of energy. A constant known heat is applied to the flow stream whose change in temperature is measured. Since the thermodynamic state and rate of energy addition to the flow stream is known, the rate of mass flow can be calculated. Given the mass flow rate and assuming standard atmospheric conditions, the volume rate of flow can be calculated by the controller 200.
  • sealing plate 120 is positioned between compacting tool 86 and container top 54. Sealing plate 120 is connected to sealing plate ram 122 which is in turn connected to sealing plate pneumatic cylinder 124. When cylinder 124 is activated, ram 122 is extended from cylinder 124 and sealing plate 120 is moved into position between compacting tool 86 and container 50 top 54.
  • a sample raising mechanism 100 is located beneath sand container 50. Sample raising mechanism 100 includes a pneumatic cylinder 102, cylinder ram 104, and slidable floor plate 90.
  • the sand sample 20 is next raised within sand container 50 approximately .5 inches (1.27 cm) by plate 90. This is shown in Figure 7.
  • plate 90 is retracted from the bottom of the sand sample 20 which is still located within sand container 50.
  • the bottom of the sand container 50 is open to atmosphere. Accordingly, the entire bottom surface of the compacted sand sample 20 is exposed to atmospheric air pressure.
  • container 50 As shown in Figure 10, compacting tool 86 holds sealing plate 120 in sealed contact with container 50. This prevents air from escaping through top opening 54 of the sand container 50. Accordingly, the only exit for air from the sand container 50 at this time is the bottom 56 of container 50 which is opened to atmosphere.
  • air/gas is now supplied to the top portion of the container 50 above the compacted sand sample 20.
  • the air/gas is supplied at a fixed or known pressure and the rate at which it passes from the top of the sand sample 20, through sand sample 20, and to the bottom of the sand sample 20 is measured by the mass flow meter.
  • the sand sample 20 be raised in the container 50 so that the entire bottom surface of the sample 20 is exposed to atmospheric air pressure
  • a calibration constant could be introduced into the gas permeability equation utilized by the controller 200 to take into account the fact that the entire bottom surface area of the sand sample 20 is not exposed to atmospheric pressure.
  • the air/gas is turned off, the compacting tool 86 is further retracted, and the sealing plate 120 is removed from the top of the sand container 50.
  • the moving mechanism 40 is again energized and the table 42 upon which the container 50 is fixedly attached is moved to the third station or sand moisture testing station 140.
  • plate 90 is again energized and raised thereby extruding approximately 2.0 inches (5.08 cm) of the sand sample 20 from the sand container 50.
  • the extruded portion 24 is positioned between a pair of microwave projectors, 142.
  • a microwave signal in the frequency range of 10.525 Gigahertz and having a power of 10 milliwatts is projected at the extruded sand sample 24.
  • a MACOM part number MA86751 X Band gun oscillator generates the microwave signal.
  • a MACOM part number 8R22G-5001 Isolator having a range of 10.425 - 10.625 Gigahertz is mounted to the transmitter to provide protection for the transmitter for any reflected microwaves.
  • a MACOM part number MA86654 X Band horn is attached to a MACOM part number MA86562 X Band sensor that receives the microwave signal.
  • a MACOM part number MA40194 super sensitive Schottky diode is substituted for the standard diode that comes with the MACOM part number MA865562 X Band sensor.
  • the moisture in the extruded sand sample 24 is sensitive to the 10.525 Gigahertz frequency. The moisture attenuates the signal being transmitted to the receiver. The attenuated signal has a logarithmic relationship to the amount of water in the extruded sand sample 24.
  • the Schottky diode converts the microwave signal to an electric signal that is massaged and processed through an electronic circuit board to provide a signal back to the controller 200.
  • the invention 10 uses the signal from the microwave and the density (as previously calculated) to finally determine the percentage of moisture in the sand sample 24.
  • Apparatus 160 includes a pneumatic cylinder 162, located above microwave projectors 142, having a piston 164.
  • the cylinder 162 is energized and its piston 164 begins to lower toward extruded sample 24.
  • the piston 165 of the cylinder 162 continues to extend until it makes contact with the upper or top surface of the extruded sample 24.
  • the pressure in the cylinder 162 is increased until the sample 24 is fractured. This test destroys the sample 24.
  • the pressure at fracture is recorded by the controller 200.
  • the green sand compression test may also be performed wherein a green sand compression piston 86 is applied to the upper or top surface of the extruded sample 24 and pressure is applied to deform the sample 24.
  • This deformation is measured in real time by a linear transducer 302, which measures the displacement of the cylinder extension or piston extension, to measure the deformation of the sample sand plug 24 when increasing pressure is applied. Consequently, the deformation characteristics of the sample 24 may be measured in real time while the sample 24 is under pressure before fracturing at the green strength limit.
  • the linear transducer 302 may be used to measure the height of the sand plug 24 (the compacted green sand sample) to within plus or minus .0002 inches (.000508 centimeters).
  • the linear transducer 302 may be used to do this in at least one of two ways.
  • the first way includes having a separate linear transducer (not shown) connected to the piston located beneath the green sand cylinder so that as the predetermined portion of the sample 24 is extruded from the cylinder 50, the extension of the piston 90 located beneath the green sand cylinder 50 is measured and controlled so that only two inches (5.08 centimeters) of the green sand sample plug 24 is extruded.
  • the linear transducer 302 connected to the green sand compression piston may be used where the piston head 86 to which the linear transducer 302 is connected is placed on the top opening of the green sand cylinder 50 and this position is noted via the linear transducer in a computer. Following is the preferred computer program:
  • modeporL2 '(unsigned chor')O ⁇ eOI3 ' define keypad '(unsigned char ⁇ )0xo0o0 define seconds I '(unsigned char>)0>c070 define secondslO '(unsigned chor')0xc07l define minutes!
  • / '' check if cenle ⁇ ng is asked for •/ lor (kjop- 1, loop ⁇ blonLspoce. ioop++)
  • /• slope intercept is chosen •/ cie ⁇ r-disployO, /' disploy compoctobility slope/intercept menu '/ imtnte-enlryO.
  • enoble__d ⁇ sploy 0, lc ⁇ Lpr ⁇ nl("Co ⁇ .poct ⁇ b ⁇ l ⁇ ly" - 1 ,0, 1 ), Ictp ⁇ nl "1-Sct Slp/lnt/Prs",- 1,0.1), lcd_p ⁇ nl("Slopc/lnler Menu", -1,0.1).
  • the piston head 86 is held in this position either by gravity or with just sufficient retractive force so that while the piston head 86 is not lifted away from the opening its effective weight is relatively small so that as the sample is extruded the piston head 86 is lifted and the linear transducer 302 continuously communicates to the computer program the distance the sample 24 has been extruded by constantly recording the relative position of the piston head 86. This information is continuously fed into the computer.
  • the computer causes a signal to be sent to the green sand cylinder 50 when the position of the cylinder head 86 is determined to be, from the data supplied by the linear transducer, that two inches (5.08 centimeters) of sample have been extruded.
  • a third alternative is that two linear transducers, one connected to the cylinder head 86 above the green sand cylinder 50 and one connected to the piston 90 in the green sand cylinder 50 could be used simultaneously as previously described above to measure the amount of sample extruded.
  • the linear transducer 302 continuously as extension of the piston 90 occurs and pressure within the cylinder 50 increases until fracture or final deformation of the sample 24 occurs. This also allows constant monitoring of the deformation and rate of deformation of the sample so that a distinction may be drawn empirically between deformation and sample fracture.
  • the linear transducer 302 of the present invention could also be used in an additional test wherein the compressive force caused by the extension of the cylinder 50 is modulated such that initial pressure is applied to the green sand sample 24 and then released and then applied again and released thereby continuously measuring the elastic reaction of the sand sample plug 24 in real time by noting the springiness or expansion after compression of the sample plug 24 in response to the modulation of the pressure applied to the plug 24.
  • This compressive force is used to determine the limits on the elastic range of the plug 24 by applying the modulated compressive force until there is no longer an elastic reaction from the green sand sample 24.
  • the information recorded by the linear transducer in real time is communicated in real time to a computer control system running a program.
  • the program utilized in the preferred embodiment follows
  • Permeability seal 0-2 8. Extend test cylinder 0-3 16. Eje cylinder 0-4 32. Hold at eject level 0-5 64. Clean off cylinder 0-6 128. Spare 2 digital inputs (when the input s on, the processor sees the bit as off)
  • temp2(LSIZE) temp3(LSIZE1 ; int entered_value, entered_counter, entry_was_val ⁇ d; int key_pressed, blank_space, v_length, overall_len ⁇ th; int comp_slope, comp_ ⁇ ntercept, mo ⁇ sture_slope, mo ⁇ sture_ ⁇ ntercept; unsigned int mes_comp, mes_mo ⁇ sture, mes_green_strength, mes_permeab ⁇ l ⁇ ty; unsigned int muller_efficiency, work ⁇ ng_bond, ava ⁇ lable_bond,analog; int hi, h2, h3, h4, " value, loop, str ⁇ ng_length, counter; int v ⁇ p_value, cal_pressure, reading, ave_perm_flow; int samples, qu ⁇ ck_t ⁇ mer, holding, perm_ low_sum, plug_break_ps ⁇ ; int channel_selected, table_state, stop_at
  • the line can •/ hl-0; h2»0 ; h3-0; h4 -0 ; v_length-0; / • be centered be entering a 1 as the 'center' */
  • m_menu() I clear_d ⁇ splay( ) ; while (1) I lcd_pr ⁇ nt ("1-Complete Lab Cycle", -1, 0, 1) ; / • Display main menu / start program '/ lcd_pr ⁇ nt ("3- e ⁇ ght Calibration", -1,0,1); Hartley Controls Corp.
  • lab_cycle ( ) unsigned int l,current, last,difference; clear_di3play () ; m ⁇ t ⁇ ate_entry() ; led print ("Riddle sand into", -1, 0, 1) ; lcd ⁇ pr ⁇ n ("START", -1,0,1) ; lcd_p ⁇ nt ("the tester and press", -1, 0, 1) ; key_pressed-0; while (key_pres3ed'-0x3d) ( /* Wait for the START button to be pressed ⁇ /
  • system ⁇ nfo() system_menu: clear_d ⁇ splay() ; /* display system information menu */ ⁇ n ⁇ t ⁇ ate_entry() ; lcdjprint ("System Info Menu", -1, 0, 1) ; lcd_pr ⁇ nt("2 - Test Number", -1 , 0, 1) ; lcd ⁇ pr nt("l - Time/Date", -1, 0, 1) ; lcd_pr ⁇ nt("3 - Calib Report", -1, 0, 1) ; enable_display-0; while ( (key_pressed>0x32) I I (key_pressed ⁇ 0x30) ) I
  • perm_press_out-0 exhaust perm pressure transducer if (reading—0) ( parallel_pr ⁇ nt ("The SANDMAN tested", -1,0,1); parallel_pr ⁇ n ("O.K. on all systems' ,-1,0,1);
  • ⁇ n ⁇ t ⁇ ate_entry() Prepare the keypad for an entry */ ( entered_value—1; key_pressed-0; entered counter—1;
  • int update_analog(channel) /* Routine to update an analog input channel */ int channel; ( switch(channel) ( /* Select which analog channel to update case 1: analog-0; analogjnax-0; for (loop-0;loop ⁇ 5;loop++) eompactability-OxOO; while (compactabilityjnsb 4 0x80) ! 0x00) ( ) wait for ready while (compactabilityjnsb 4 0x80) '-0x80) ( ) wait Cor busy while ( (compactabilityjnsb 4 0x80) ! «0x00)
  • a linefeed */ hl-O; h2-0; h3-0; h4-0; can be generated by entering a 1 as the */
  • serial ⁇ nt() t if (serial count -- 9) ( print ("Date- idtd/tdtd ,monthl0,monthl,dayl0,dayl) , print!. (* SandmanNn") , print ("Time Test Comp Moist GrnStr Perm WkgBnd AvlBnd MlrEff Dnsty ⁇ n”), serial count-0; print ("%d%d: did 43d", hours 10, hours 1, minutes 10, minutes 1, test) ; print (" 43u %3u *3u”,mes :omp,mes j no sture,mes jreen -trength) ; print (" I3u %3u ⁇ 3u”,mes ⁇ p ⁇ rmeab ⁇ l ty, working jond, available oond) , print (" »3u %3d ⁇ n", muller sfficiency, specimenjiens ty) ; serial count++;
  • Shear testing apparatus 180 includes a pneumatic cylinder 182, cylinder ram 184, and shear test plate 186.
  • Ram 184 is extended from cylinder 182 until shear test plate 186 makes contact with extruded sample 24.
  • the pressure required by cylinder 182 is increased until the sample 24 is sheared. This test also destroys the sample 24. The resulting maximum pressure is recorded by the controller 200.
  • floor plate 90 is raised to its uppermost position which is approximately equal with the top 54 of container 50.
  • Table 42 is energized and moves to its initial position below filling station 60. As top 54 of container 50 passes just below wiping station 70, wiping blade 72 removes all sand 22 supported on floor plate 90. Thus when floor plate 90 subsequently retracts, container 50 will be empty.
  • this invention 10 could comprise a method for testing sand.
  • the method comprises an automated series of coordinated events including the following steps: sifting of the granular material by an agitator through a screen in the riddle, delivery of the granular material to a container or specimen tube, leveling of the granular material in the container as it traverses to the compaction station, compression of the granular material to determine its compatibility, translation of the linear motion of compression to the controller 200, measuring the mass of the granular material, translation of the mass to the controller 200, measure the gas/air permeability of the granular material, translation of the gas/air permeability to the controller 200, measuring the moisture content of the granular material, translation of the moisture content to the controller 200, measuring either the fracture strength or shear strength of the granular material, translation of the selected strength to the controller 200, and output of the granular material's quality by the controller 200.
  • the programming language is C. Specifically, the computer program disclosed was made by using a package call MICRO

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un dispositif (10) et un procédé de vérification de la qualité de sables verts de fonderie comportant trois stations d'essai évaluant le remplissage (60), le compactage (80), le poids (94), la perméabilité aux gaz (120), l'humidité (40), la résistance à la rupture (160), et la résistance au cisaillement (180). Chacune des stations est automatique et gérée par un système de commande par ordinateur ou par un contrôleur (200). Les formules de vérification connues applicables au sable de fonderie sont introduites dans le système ou dans le contrôleur qui reçoivent ensuite des données entrées de chacune des stations de vérification. Les résultats portent sur l'état et la qualité du sable de fonderie. L'invention porte également sur un procédé d'essai associé.
EP96938678A 1995-11-03 1996-11-01 Dispositif de verification du sable de fonderie et procede associe Withdrawn EP0858590A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US723595P 1995-11-03 1995-11-03
US7235P 1995-11-03
US1584896P 1996-04-19 1996-04-19
US1584P 1996-04-19
PCT/US1996/017387 WO1997016716A1 (fr) 1995-11-03 1996-11-01 Dispositif de verification du sable de fonderie et procede associe

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EP0858590A1 EP0858590A1 (fr) 1998-08-19
EP0858590A4 true EP0858590A4 (fr) 2002-09-18

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EP (1) EP0858590A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU7599796A (fr)
CA (1) CA2236330A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX9803608A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997016716A1 (fr)

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DE202004015916U1 (de) * 2003-10-13 2005-02-03 Eastec Gmbh Equipment - Automation - Software Vorrichtung zur Analyse von Schüttgut
FR3015675B1 (fr) * 2013-12-24 2016-01-08 Reseau Ferre De France Realisation d'une eprouvette de sol traite a la chaux et/ou aux liants hydrauliques
US11506584B2 (en) * 2016-01-29 2022-11-22 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Real time on location crush and conductivity testing

Citations (2)

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US5036709A (en) * 1989-06-06 1991-08-06 Mcrae John L Paving materials testing machine
DE4227376A1 (de) * 1992-08-19 1994-02-24 Schwedes Joerg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung von Schüttgutparametern

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US2791120A (en) * 1952-07-28 1957-05-07 Harry W Dietert Company Sand controller
US3638478A (en) * 1969-10-06 1972-02-01 Dietert Co Harry W Structure for sand testing
US3818333A (en) * 1972-08-09 1974-06-18 C Walker Microwave window and antenna apparatus for moisture measurement of fluidized material
SU905706A1 (ru) * 1980-05-05 1982-02-15 Московский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Химического Машиностроения Устройство дл компрессионных испытаний материалов
US4550768A (en) * 1983-02-28 1985-11-05 Foundry Technology, Inc. Compactability measurement method and apparatus for sand casting
GB2182149B (en) * 1985-10-25 1989-12-20 Coal Ind Improved moisture meter
US4727311A (en) * 1986-03-06 1988-02-23 Walker Charles W E Microwave moisture measurement using two microwave signals of different frequency and phase shift determination
US4699011A (en) * 1986-07-14 1987-10-13 Hartley Controls Corporation Automatic compactability tester
US4930354A (en) * 1989-03-06 1990-06-05 Hartley Controls Corporation Automatic bond determinator
US5333493A (en) * 1989-08-15 1994-08-02 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Moisture content by microwave phase shift and mass/area

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5036709A (en) * 1989-06-06 1991-08-06 Mcrae John L Paving materials testing machine
DE4227376A1 (de) * 1992-08-19 1994-02-24 Schwedes Joerg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung von Schüttgutparametern

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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Title
SCHULZE D: "ZUR FLEISSFAHIGKEIT VON SCHUTTGUTERN ÖDEFINITION UND MESSVERFAHREN", CHEMIE. INGENIEUR. TECHNIK, VERLAG CHEMIE GMBH. WEINHEIM, DE, vol. 67, no. 1, 1995, pages 60 - 68, XP000485563, ISSN: 0009-286X *
See also references of WO9716716A1 *

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AU7599796A (en) 1997-05-22
MX9803608A (es) 1998-11-29
EP0858590A1 (fr) 1998-08-19
CA2236330A1 (fr) 1997-05-09
WO1997016716A1 (fr) 1997-05-09

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