EP0851455A1 - Tube intensificateur d'image radiologique - Google Patents
Tube intensificateur d'image radiologique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0851455A1 EP0851455A1 EP97403143A EP97403143A EP0851455A1 EP 0851455 A1 EP0851455 A1 EP 0851455A1 EP 97403143 A EP97403143 A EP 97403143A EP 97403143 A EP97403143 A EP 97403143A EP 0851455 A1 EP0851455 A1 EP 0851455A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- electrons
- screen
- tube
- phosphors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
- H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
- H01J29/18—Luminescent screens
- H01J29/28—Luminescent screens with protective, conductive or reflective layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K4/00—Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of X-rays or particle radiation into visible images, e.g. fluoroscopic screens
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
- H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
- H01J29/18—Luminescent screens
- H01J29/185—Luminescent screens measures against halo-phenomena
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K4/00—Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of X-rays or particle radiation into visible images, e.g. fluoroscopic screens
- G21K2004/04—Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of X-rays or particle radiation into visible images, e.g. fluoroscopic screens with an intermediate layer
Definitions
- the invention relates to image intensifier tubes.
- the luminescent observation screen of the IIR tube has the role of generate a visible light image when the screen is excited by a electron beam hitting its photoluminescent surface.
- the invention relates more particularly to the luminescent observation screen comprising means to improve the contrast of the image.
- Image intensifier tubes are vacuum tubes including an entry screen, located at the front of the tube, an optical system electronic, and an image observation screen located at the rear of the tube, side of an exit window from the latter.
- the screen input also has a scintillator screen that converts x photons visible photon incidents.
- Visible photons excite a photocathode which in response generates a flow of electrons.
- This flow of electrons is then transmitted by a electronic optics system that focuses electrons, and directs them on the observation screen.
- the observation screen has one or more layers of luminophore grains deposited on a glass support transparent. The phosphors struck by the electrons then produce visible light from the outside of the tube through the transparent support.
- Figure 1 schematically shows such an intensifier tube image of the radiological type.
- the intensifier tube 1 comprises a glass envelope 2 one end of which, at the front of the tube, is closed by an inlet window 3, exposed to x-ray radiation.
- the second end of the envelope forming the back of the tube is closed by the observation screen 4 transparent to light.
- X-rays are converted into light rays by a screen scintillator 5.
- the light rays excite a photocathode 6 which response produces electrons.
- These electrons are extracted from the photocathode 6 and accelerated to the observation screen 4 using different electrodes 7, and an anode 8 arranged along an axis longitudinal 9 of the tube and which form the electronic optical system.
- the observation screen 4 is formed by a transparent piece of glass attached tightly to the envelope 2. This piece of glass further constitutes in the example shown, a support which carries phosphors 10, for example.
- establishing the acceleration potential of electrons from the photocathode of the tube is performed by a grid under voltage acceleration located near the observation screen. Electrons accelerated cross the grid reaching the phosphors 10, from the screen of observation, which produce visible light.
- the acceleration potential is obtained by a voltage applied to a thin layer of conductive material, by example a metal deposited directly on the phosphor layer of the observation screen.
- a metal deposited directly on the phosphor layer of the observation screen The small thickness of this metal layer allows the passage without significant loss of electrons to the phosphors.
- the thickness of the metal layer for example in aluminum, is around 0.3 micrometer.
- This thickness very small, is chosen so that the layer is transparent to electrons, so that they reach the photocathode without losses.
- Aluminum is not naturally transparent to electrons except in very small thickness.
- spoke tubes cathodic and not for radiological image intensifier tubes cover the aluminum layer with a carbon layer to limit the production of secondary electrons by the phosphor layer.
- the carbon is indeed a material with a very low emission coefficient secondary, which therefore does not generate too many secondary electrons when it is struck by the electrons of the incident beam, and which is also relatively transparent for these incident electrons (high energy) but which is absorbing for the secondary electrons which would be emitted by the layer of phosphorous.
- the backscatter electrons represent around 20% of the incident electron beam Ei, parasitizing strongly the image produced by the observation screen.
- the electrons of backscatter are dispersed during their emission inside the tube and when they fall back on the observation screen, accelerated by the tensions polarization of the tube, these backscatter electrons, excite totally distributed, the phosphors of the observation screen.
- This secondary phenomenon produces background noise, resulting in decrease in image contrast.
- the invention proposes an IIR tube comprising a vacuum electronic tube and a luminescent observation screen (20), the screen having a support glass on which a layer of phosphors is deposited, the observation screen producing a bright image when the phosphors are excited by an electron beam, and the layer of phosphors being covered with a layer of aluminum, characterized in that the aluminum layer has a thickness of at least 1 micrometer in the aim of reducing on the one hand the quantity of electrons re-emitted from the screen observation towards the tube and on the other hand the proportion of these electrons which come back to strike the layer of phosphors.
- the aluminum layer will act as an electron filter for backscatter, by first absorbing electrons from backscatter when at the time of their generation by the impact of the beam of incident electrons Ei on the phosphors, they cross the layer of aluminum in the opposite direction to that of the incident electron beam and by absorbing other backscatter electrons a second time, when they cross the same layer of aluminum again when they fall towards the observation screen, in the direction of the incident electrons.
- the aluminum layer is in the form of a coating deposited, in principle directly on the phosphors of the screen of observation but which could possibly be on a support located in the path of incident electrons near the observation screen.
- the coating also fulfills the function of establishing the potential for electron acceleration over the entire surface of the phosphors, what is necessary in the case of the tube observation screen image intensifiers.
- the thickness of the aluminum layer is preferably included between 1 and 3 micrometers. A value of 1.5 to 2 micrometers is very suitable good.
- the aluminum layer can also be separated, with a small distance, phosphors, by the vacuum of the tube, in this case the coating is supported by a thin grid.
- An incident electron beam Ei crosses with a loss of electrons, the aluminum layer 30, in an area A1 of the screen of observation and excites the layers of phosphors 28 producing a light emission h1, visible through the support glass 22, and backscatter electrons Er1, Er2, Across Ern ,.
- These backscatter electrons, generated by the phosphors, are returned to the inside of the tube and are found to be partially absorbed, a first time, by crossing the layer aluminum 30, in their displacement towards the inside of the tube, then find again partially absorbed a second time, falling back on the observation screen, attracted by the bias potential applied to the aluminum layer.
- the reduction of the electrons backscatter absorbed by this aluminum layer leads to a noticeable improvement in image contrast.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
- Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- la figure 1, déjà décrite, représente la structure d'un tube intensificateur d'images selon l'art antérieur.
- la figure 2 représente un exemple de réalisation d'un écran d'observation du tube intensificateur d'image pour radiologie de la figure 1. Un écran d'observation 20 comporte :
- un verre support 22 transparent à la lumière, fermant hermétiquement la partie inférieure du tube, non représentée sur la figure. Le verre support comporte une face interne 24, située à l'intérieur du tube et une face externe 26 au tube permettant l'observation de l'image générée par l'écran d'observation.
- des couches de luminophores 28, déposées sur la face interne 24 du verre support.
- une couche d'aluminium 30 d'environ 2 micromètres d'épaisseur, déposée sur les couches de luminophores 28. Un potentiel d'accélération des électrons est appliqué à cette couche d'aluminium.
Claims (4)
- Tube intensificateur d'image radiologique comportant un tube électronique à vide et un écran d'observation luminescent (20), l'écran ayant un verre support (22) sur lequel est déposée une couche de luminophores, l'écran d'observation produisant une image lumineuse (h1) lorsque les luminophores sont excités par un faisceau d'électrons (Ei), et la couche de luminophores étant recouverte d'une couche d'aluminium, caractérisé en ce que la couche d'aluminium a une épaisseur d'au moins 1 micromètre dans le but de réduire d'une part la quantité d'électrons réémis de l'écran d'observation vers le tube et d'autre part la proportion de ces électrons qui reviennent frapper la couche de luminophores.
- Tube intensificateur d'image radiologique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche d'aluminium est comprise entre 1 et 3 micromètres environ.
- Tube intensificateur d'image radiologique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche a une épaisseur d'environ 2 micromètres.
- Tube intensificateur d'image radiologique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la couche est déposée directement sur les luminophores.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9616114 | 1996-12-27 | ||
FR9616114A FR2758002B1 (fr) | 1996-12-27 | 1996-12-27 | Systeme de visualisation avec ecran d'observation luminescent |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0851455A1 true EP0851455A1 (fr) | 1998-07-01 |
EP0851455B1 EP0851455B1 (fr) | 2003-04-02 |
Family
ID=9499221
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97403143A Expired - Lifetime EP0851455B1 (fr) | 1996-12-27 | 1997-12-23 | Tube intensificateur d'image radiologique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5981935A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0851455B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH10214573A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69720395T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2758002B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7498557B2 (en) | 2005-09-08 | 2009-03-03 | Applied Materials Israel Ltd. | Cascaded image intensifier |
JP2007095631A (ja) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-12 | Toshiba Corp | X線イメージ管 |
US7728274B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2010-06-01 | Subrahmanyam Pilla | Imaging system with negative electron affinity photocathode |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2152731A1 (fr) * | 1971-09-08 | 1973-04-27 | Hitachi Ltd | |
FR2209213A1 (fr) * | 1972-12-04 | 1974-06-28 | Hitachi Ltd | |
FR2217793A1 (fr) * | 1973-02-14 | 1974-09-06 | Hitachi Ltd | |
DE2553507A1 (de) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-06-02 | Licentia Gmbh | Leuchtschirm, insbesondere fuer eine bildverstaerkerroehre |
EP0067470A1 (fr) * | 1981-06-03 | 1982-12-22 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Tube à images et méthode de fabrication d'un écran à images pour un tel tube |
DE4001516A1 (de) * | 1990-01-19 | 1991-07-25 | Siemens Ag | Schichtanordnung mit wenigstens einer lichtdurchlaessgen schicht |
EP0610872A2 (fr) * | 1993-02-08 | 1994-08-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Dispositif de visualisation à gaisceau d'électrons et sa production |
JPH0822784A (ja) * | 1994-05-02 | 1996-01-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 投写用陰極線管とその投写用陰極線管を用いた投写型表示装置 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2647955B1 (fr) * | 1989-05-30 | 1991-08-16 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Ecran d'entree de tube intensificateur d'image radiologique |
FR2666447B1 (fr) * | 1990-08-31 | 1996-08-14 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Tube intensificateur d'image avec compensation de courbe de brillance. |
FR2681727B1 (fr) * | 1991-09-20 | 1993-11-05 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Tube intensificateur d'image a correction de brillance. |
FR2683388A1 (fr) * | 1991-10-31 | 1993-05-07 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Tube intensificateur d'image radiologique a resolution amelioree. |
-
1996
- 1996-12-27 FR FR9616114A patent/FR2758002B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-12-23 DE DE69720395T patent/DE69720395T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-23 EP EP97403143A patent/EP0851455B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-24 US US08/997,724 patent/US5981935A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-26 JP JP9366610A patent/JPH10214573A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2152731A1 (fr) * | 1971-09-08 | 1973-04-27 | Hitachi Ltd | |
FR2209213A1 (fr) * | 1972-12-04 | 1974-06-28 | Hitachi Ltd | |
FR2217793A1 (fr) * | 1973-02-14 | 1974-09-06 | Hitachi Ltd | |
DE2553507A1 (de) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-06-02 | Licentia Gmbh | Leuchtschirm, insbesondere fuer eine bildverstaerkerroehre |
EP0067470A1 (fr) * | 1981-06-03 | 1982-12-22 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Tube à images et méthode de fabrication d'un écran à images pour un tel tube |
DE4001516A1 (de) * | 1990-01-19 | 1991-07-25 | Siemens Ag | Schichtanordnung mit wenigstens einer lichtdurchlaessgen schicht |
EP0610872A2 (fr) * | 1993-02-08 | 1994-08-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Dispositif de visualisation à gaisceau d'électrons et sa production |
JPH0822784A (ja) * | 1994-05-02 | 1996-01-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 投写用陰極線管とその投写用陰極線管を用いた投写型表示装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 096, no. 005 31 May 1996 (1996-05-31) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2758002B1 (fr) | 2004-07-02 |
US5981935A (en) | 1999-11-09 |
EP0851455B1 (fr) | 2003-04-02 |
JPH10214573A (ja) | 1998-08-11 |
DE69720395D1 (de) | 2003-05-08 |
FR2758002A1 (fr) | 1998-07-03 |
DE69720395T2 (de) | 2004-03-25 |
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