Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with hetero atoms directly attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/26—Sulfur atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C311/22—Sulfonamides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
  • C07C311/29—Sulfonamides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms having the sulfur atom of at least one of the sulfonamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
  • C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D231/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D231/18—One oxygen or sulfur atom

Definitions

• This invention relates to certain herbicidal sulfona ides, their agriculturally suitable salts and compositions, and methods of their use for controlling undesirable vegetation.
• the control of undesired vegetation is extremely important in achieving high crop efficiency. Achievement of selective control of the growth of weeds especially in such useful crops as rice, soybean, sugar beet, corn (maize), potato, wheat, barley, tomato and plantation crops, among others, is very desirable. Unchecked weed growth in such useful crops can cause significant reduction in productivity and thereby result in increased costs to the consumer. The control of undesired vegetation in noncrop areas is also important. Many products are commercially available for these purposes, but the need continues for new compounds which are more effective, less costly, less toxic, environmentally safer or have different modes of action.
• EP 551,650 A2 discloses heterocycles of Formula i as herbicides:
• W a is CH
• R la , R 2a , and R 3a are independently halogen, alkoxy, nitro, alkyl or S(O) 0- 2 ; and R is alkyl, haloalkyl, or N(alkyl) 2 .
• This invention is directed to compounds of Formula I including all geometric and stereoisomers, agriculturally suitable salts thereof, agricultural compositions containing them and their use for controlling undesirable vegetation:
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently H, Ci-Cg alkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 haloalkyl, C j -Cg alkoxy,
• R 3 is H, C r C 6 alkyl, C r C 6 haloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 alkenyl, C 3 -C 6 haloalkenyl, C 3 -C 6 alkynyl, C3-C6 haloalkynyl, or Cj-Cg alkoxy; or R 3 is phenyl or benzyl, each optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with C1-C3 alkyl, halogen, cyano, or nitro; R 4 is H, C
• R 5 is OR 10 , Cj-Cg alkylthio, C r C 6 haloalkylthio, C r C 6 alkylsulfinyl, C r C 6 haloalkylsulfinyl, C r Cg alkylsulfonyl, Cj-Cg haloalkylsulfonyl, or halogen; each R 6 is independently C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C3 alkylthio or halogen; or when two R 4 are attached to the same carbon atom, then said R 4 pair can be taken together to form -OCH 2 CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O-, -SCH 2 CH 2 S-
• R 7 is benzoyl or phenylsulfonyl, each optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl, halogen, cyano, or nitro;
• R 8 is H, C r C 6 alkyl, C r C 6 haloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 3 -C 6 alkynyl; or
• R 8 is phenyl or benzyl, each optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with C1-C3 alkyl, halogen, cyano, or nitro;
• R 9 is H, Cj-Cg alkyl, C C 6 haloalkyl, halogen, cyano, or nitro;
• R 10 is H, C r C 6 alkyl, C r C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkoxyalkyl, formyl, C 2 -C 6 alkylcarbonyl, C 2 -Cg alkoxycarbonyl, C 2 -C6 alkylaminocarbonyl, C3-C7 dialkylaminocarbonyl, Cj-Cg alkylsulfonyl, or C j -Cg haloalkylsulfonyl; or R 10 is benzoyl or phenylsulfonyl, each optionally substituted with C r C 3 alkyl, halogen, cyano, or nitro; and q is O, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
• alkyl used either alone or in compound words such as “alkylthio” or “haloalkyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkyl, such as, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, or the different butyl, pentyl or hexyl isomers.
• 1-2 alkyl indicates that one or two of the available positions for that substituent may be alkyl.
• Alkenyl includes straight-chain or branched alkenes such as 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, and the different butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl isomers.
• Alkenyl also includes polyenes such as 2,4-hexadienyl.
• Alkynyl includes straight- chain or branched alkynes such as 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl and the different butynyl, pentynyl and hexynyl isomers.
• Alkynyl can also include moieties comprised of multiple triple bonds such as 2,5-hexadiynyl.
• Alkoxy includes, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy and the different butoxy, pentoxy and hexyloxy isomers.
• Alkoxyalkyl denotes alkoxy substitution on alkyl. Examples of “alkoxyalkyl” include CH 3 OCH 2 , CH 3 OCH 2 CH 2 , CH 3 CH 2 OCH 2 ,
• Alkylthio includes branched or straight-chain alkylthio moieties such as methylthio, ethylthio, and the different propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio and hexylthio isomers.
• Alkylsulfinyl includes both enantiomers of an alkylsulfinyl group.
• alkylsulfonyl include CH3S(O) 2 , CH 3 CH 2 S(O) 2 , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 S(O) 2 , (CH 3 ) 2 CHS(O) 2 and the different butylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl and hexylsulfonyl isomers.
• alkylsulfonyl include CH3S(O) 2 , CH 3 CH 2 S(O) 2 , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 S(O) 2 , (CH 3 ) 2 CHS(O) 2 and the different butylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl and hexylsulfonyl isomers.
• Alkylamino dialkylamino
• halogen either alone or in compound words such as “haloalkyl” includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Further, when used in compound words such as “haloalkyl”, said alkyl may be partially or fully substituted with halogen atoms which may be the same or different. Examples of “haloalkyl” include F 3 C, C1CH 2 , CF 3 CH 2 and CF 3 CC1 2 .
• haloalkoxy “haloalkylthio”
• haloalkylsulfonyl and the like, are defined analogously to the term “haloalkyl".
• haloalkoxy examples include CF 3 O, CCl 3 CH 2 O, HCF 2 CH 2 CH 2 O and CF 3 CH 2 O.
• haloalkylthio examples include CC1 3 S, CF 3 S, CC1 3 CH 2 S and C1CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 S.
• haloalkylsulfonyl examples include CF 3 S(O) 2 , CCl 3 S(O) 2 , CF 3 CH 2 S(O) 2 and CF 3 CF 2 S(O) 2 .
• the total number of carbon atoms in a substituent group is indicated by the " - Cj" prefix where i and j are numbers from 1 to 7.
• C1-C3 alkylsulfonyl designates methylsulfonyl through propylsulfonyl
• C 2 alkoxyalkyl designates CH 3 OCH 2
• C 3 alkoxyalkyl designates, for example, CH 3 CH(OCH 3 ), CH 3 OCH 2 CH 2 or CH 3 CH 2 OCH 2
• C alkoxyalkyl designates the various isomers of an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group containing a total of four carbon atoms, examples including CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 and CH 3 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 .
• alkylcarbonyl examples include C(O)CH 3 , C(O)CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 and C(O)CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
• substituents When a compound is substituted with a substituent bearing a subscript that indicates the number of said substituents can exceed 1, said substituents (when they exceed 1) are independently selected from the group of defined substituents.
• substituents When a group contains a substituent which can be hydrogen, for example R 2 or
• Stereoisomers of this invention can exist as one or more stereoisomers.
• the various stereoisomers include enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers and geometric isomers.
• one stereoisomer may be more active and/or may exhibit beneficial effects when enriched relative to the other stereoisomer(s) or when separated from the other stereoisomer(s).
• the skilled artisan knows how to separate and/or to selectively prepare said stereoisomers.
• the present invention comprises compounds selected from Formula I and agriculturally suitable salts thereof.
• the compounds of the invention may be present as a mixture of stereoisomers, individual stereoisomers, or as an optically active form.
• Some compounds of this invention can exist as one or more tautomers.
• compounds of Formula la (Formula I where Q is Q-l, R 5 is OR 10 , and R 10 is H) can also exist as the tautomers of Formulae lb and Ic as shown below.
• said tautomers often exist in equilibrium with each other.
• the present invention includes mixtures of such tautomers as well as the individual tautomers of compounds of Formula I.
• the salts of the compounds of the invention include acid-addition salts with inorganic or organic acids such as hydrobromic, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, acetic, butyric, fumaric, lactic, maleic, malonic, oxalic, propionic, salicylic, tartaric, 4-toluenesulfonic or valeric acids.
• the salts of the compounds of the invention also include those formed with organic bases (e.g., pyridine, ammonia, or triethylamine) or inorganic bases (e.g., hydrides, hydroxides, or carbonates of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium or barium) when the compound contains an acidic group such as an enol.
• Preferred compounds for reasons of better activity and/or ease of synthesis are: Preferred 1.
• R 1 is H, C r C 6 alkyl, C r C 6 haloalkyl, C r C 6 alkoxy, C r C 6 haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, or nitro;
• R 2 is H or halogen;
• R 3 and R 4 are each independently H, C r C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 alkenyl, or
• R 3 and R 4 can be taken together as -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, or -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 -, each optionally substituted with 1-2 C r C 3 alkyl; each R 6 is independently C1-C3 alkyl;
• R 8 is H, C r C 6 alkyl, or C 3 -C 6 alkenyl; R9 is H; and
• R 10 is H, formyl, C 2 -C 6 alkylcarbonyl, C 2 -C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, C 2 -Cg alkylaminocarbonyl, C3-C7 dialkylaminocarbonyl, C ⁇ -C 6 alkylsulfonyl, or C r C 6 haloalkylsulfonyl; or R 10 is benzoyl or phenylsulfonyl, each optionally substituted with C r C 3 alkyl, halogen, cyano, or nitro.
• Preferred 2 Compounds of Preferred 1 wherein:
• R 3 and R 4 are each independently H, C ] -C alkyl, allyl, or propargyl; or R 3 and R 4 can be taken together as -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -,
• R 5 is OR 10 ;
• R 7 is H;
• Q is Q-l.
• Preferred 4 Compounds of Preferred 2 wherein: Q is Q-2.
• Preferred 3 selected from the group: 5-chloro-2-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo- 1 -cyclohexen- 1 -yl)carbonyl]-NN- dimethylbenzenesulf onamide ;
• This invention also relates to herbicidal compositions comprising herbicidally effective amounts of the compounds of the invention and at least one of a surfactant, a solid diluent or a liquid diluent.
• a surfactant a solid diluent or a liquid diluent.
• the preferred compositions of the present invention are those which comprise the above preferred compounds.
• This invention also relates to a method for controlling undesired vegetation comprising applying to the locus of the vegetation herbicidally effective amounts of the compounds of the invention (e.g., as a composition described herein).
• the preferred methods of use are those involving the above preferred compounds.
• the compounds of Formula I can be prepared by one or more of the following methods and variations as described in Schemes 1-10.
• the definitions of Q, R ⁇ R 10 , and q in the compounds of Formulae I-XIV below are as defined above in the Summary of the Invention.
• Compounds of Formulae Ia-Ie are various subsets of the compounds of Formula I, and all substituents for Formulae Ia-Ie are as defined above for Formula I.
• Compounds of Formula Id and le correspond to Formula I compounds wherein Q is Q-l and Q-2 respectively.
• Scheme 1 illustrates the preparation of compounds of Formula Id (R 5 is OR 10 and
• R 10 is the same as R 7 as defined excluding H), whereby a compound of Formula Id
• R 5 is OH
• a reagent of Formula II is reacted with a reagent of Formula II in the presence of a base wherein X 1 is chlorine, fluorine, bromine, acetyloxy (OAc), trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy (OTf), and
• R 10 is as previously defined.
• Scheme 2 illustrates the preparation of compounds of Formula Id (R 5 is SO 2 R ⁇ ; r is 1 or 2 and R 11 is C j -Cg alkyl or C r C 6 haloalkyl) whereby a compound of Formula Id (R 5 is SO 2 R ⁇ ; r is 1 or 2 and R 11 is C j -Cg alkyl or C r C 6 haloalkyl) whereby a compound of Formula Id (R 5 is SO 2 R ⁇ ; r is 1 or 2 and R 11 is C j -Cg alkyl or C r C 6 haloalkyl) whereby a compound of Formula Id (R 5 is SO 2 R ⁇ ; r is 1 or 2 and R 11 is C j -Cg alkyl or C r C 6 haloalkyl) whereby a compound of Formula Id (R 5 is SO 2 R ⁇ ; r is 1 or 2 and R 11 is C j -Cg alky
• Formula Id (R 5 is SR 1 l ) is reacted with an oxidizing reagent such as m- chloroperoxybenzoic acid, peroxyacetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, peroxytrifluoroacetic acid or potassium peroxymonosulfate.
• an oxidizing reagent such as m- chloroperoxybenzoic acid, peroxyacetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, peroxytrifluoroacetic acid or potassium peroxymonosulfate.
• the oxidation is carried out by methods known in the art or obvious modifications of these methods; for example, see S. Pateu, et al.,
• Ib (R5 is SRl l an d Rll is C ⁇ -C6 alkyl oxldizin g» Id (R5 is S0 2 RH) or -C6 haloalkyl) agent
• JJT OR 1 2 and R 1 2 is C j -C6 haloalkyl or C 2 -C6 alkyloxyalkyl
• Compounds of Formula Id (R 5 is halogen) can be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula Id (R 5 is OH) with a halogenating reagent such as oxalyl chloride or oxalyl bromide (Scheme 4). This conversion is carried out by methods known in the literature or modifications thereof. For example, see S. Muller, et al., WO 94/13619; S.
• Scheme 5 illustrates the preparation of compounds of Formula I, whereby an enol ester of Formula IVa or IVb is reacted with a base such as triethylamine, a catalytic amount of a cyanide source (e.g., acetone cyanohydrin or potassium cyanide), and a catalytic amount of an organic base such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine,
• a base such as triethylamine
• a catalytic amount of a cyanide source e.g., acetone cyanohydrin or potassium cyanide
• an organic base such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine
• Enol esters of Formula IVa can be prepared by reacting an acid of Formula VI with 2-chloro-l-methylpyridinurn iodide (VII) and a dione of Formula Va in the presence of a base such as triethylamine in an inert organic solvent such as acetonitrile, methylene chloride or toluene at temperatures between 0 and 110 °C (Scheme 6).
• a base such as triethylamine
• an inert organic solvent such as acetonitrile, methylene chloride or toluene at temperatures between 0 and 110 °C
• Enol esters of Formula IVb can be prepared by an anlogous manner from acid VI and hydroxypyrazole Vb. This type of reaction is known in the art. For example, see E. Itaslam, Tetrahedron (1976), 36, 2409-2433. Scheme 6 wherein Q is Q-l
• Scheme 7 illustrates the preparation of acids of Formula VI, whereby an ester of Formula VTTT is treated with a base such as sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in water and an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol at temperatures between 0 and 100 °C, to provide the salt of the acid which can then be converted to the carboxylic acid by acidification.
• a base such as sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in water and an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol at temperatures between 0 and 100 °C
• the compounds of Formula VUJ can be prepared from substituted saccharin derivatives (IX).
• Scheme 8 illustrates the preparation of esters of Formula VIII, whereby a saccharin derivative of Formula IX is reacted with a reagent of Formula X in the presence of sodium methoxide, wherein X 2 is chlorine, bromine or SO 4 R 4 .
• the Scheme 9 illustrates the preparation of compounds of Formula IX, whereby a compound of Formula XI is reacted with a reagent of Formula XII in the presence of a base wherein X 3 is chlorine, bromine or SO4R 3 .
• saccharin derivatives are well documented in the art; for example, see Engberts et al., Jour. Am. Chem. Soc. (1979), 101, 6981-6992; D.J. Hlasta et al., Tetrahedron (1991); Letters 32 7179-7182.
• the saccharin derivatives can be prepared by following these methods or obvious modifications thereof.
• the compounds of Formula XIV can be prepared by methods known in the art (or by obvious modifications of these methods). For example, see W.S. Saari and J.E. Schwering (1986), J. Heterocyclic Chem. 23, 1253-1255.
• the compounds of Formula le can be prepared by one skilled in the art by the methods described above (or by obvious modifications of these methods).
• Step A Preparation of 6-chloro-2-ethyl- 2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1.1- dioxide
• Sodium hydride (7.5 g, 50% in oil) was added in portions over 30 minutes to a solution of 5-chlorosaccharin (32.61 g) dissolved in dimethylformamide (150 mL).
• iodoethane (15 mL) was added in portions and the mixture was heated at 60 °C for 5 hours and then allowed to stir at room temperature for 18 hours.
• Water 500 mL was added and the resulting solids were collected, washed with water (200 mL), and dried to yield 33 g of the title compound of Step A.
• Step D Preparation of 3-oxo-l -cyclohexen- 1-yl 4-chloro-2- r(ethylmethylamino)sulfonyllbenzoate
• 3.1 g of 2-chloro-l-methylpyridinium iodide, 1.4 g of cyclohexanedione, and 5 mL of triethylamine was added to a solution of 2.77 g of the title compound of Step C in 100 mL of dichloromethane.
• 3.1 g of 2-chloro-l-methylpyridinium iodide 1.4 g of cyclohexanedione
• 5 mL of triethylamine The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours, then 20 mL of 1M hydrochloric acid was added, and the mixture was extracted with 2 x 50 mL of dichloromethane.
• the dichloromethane extracts were combined, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated
• Step E Preparation of 5-chloro-N-ethyl-2-r2(hydroxy-6-oxo-l-cvclohexen-l- yl)carbonyll-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide
• acetonitrile a solution of 1.12 g of the title compound of Step D in 20 mL of acetonitrile was added 0.9 mL of triethylamine, 0.045 g of 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, and 3 drops of acetone cyanohydrin and the mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere for
• Step A Preparation of methyl 4-chloro-2-ri pyrrolidinyl)sulfonyllbenzoate
• Step B Preparation of 4-chloro-2-r(l-pyrrolidinyl)sulfonyllbenzoic acid
• Step C Preparation of 3-oxo-l -cyclohexen- 1-yl 4-chloro-2-ri-
• Step D Preparation of l-IT5-chloro-2-r(2-hvdroxy-6-oxo-l-cvclohexen-l- yDcarbonyllphenyllsulfonynpyrrolidine
• Compounds of this invention will generally be used as a formulation or composition with an agriculturally suitable carrier comprising at least one of a liquid diluent, a solid diluent or a surfactant.
• the formulation or composition ingredients are selected to be consistent with the physical properties of the active ingredient, mode of application and environmental factors such as soil type, moisture and temperature.
• Useful formulations include liquids such as solutions (including emulsifiable concentrates), suspensions, emulsions (including microemulsions and/or suspoemulsions) and the like which optionally can be thickened into gels.
• Useful formulations further include solids such as dusts, powders, granules, pellets, tablets, films, and the like which can be water-dispersible ("wettable") or water-soluble.
• Active ingredient can be (micro)encapsulated and further formed into a suspension or solid formulation; alternatively the entire formulation of active ingredient can be encapsulated (or "overcoated”). Encapsulation can control or delay release of the active ingredient.
• Sprayable formulations can be extended in suitable media and used at spray volumes from about one to several hundred liters per hectare. High-strength compositions are primarily used as intermediates for further formulation.
• the formulations will typically contain effective amounts of active ingredient, diluent and surfactant within the following approximate ranges which add up to 100 percent by weight.
• Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins, et al., Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers, 2nd Ed., Dorland Books, Caldwell, New Jersey. Typical liquid diluents are described in Marsden, Solvents Guide, 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, 1950. McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual, Allured Publ. Corp., Ridgewood, New Jersey, as well as Sisely and Wood, Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents, Chemical Publ. Co., Inc., New York, 1964, list surfactants and recommended uses.
• All formulations can contain minor amounts of additives to reduce foam, caking, corrosion, microbiological growth and the like, or thickeners to increase viscosity.
• Surfactants include, for example, polyethoxylated alcohols, polyethoxylated alkylphenols, polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, organosilicones, N,N-dialkyltaurates, lignin sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, polycarboxylates, and polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block copolymers.
• Solid diluents include, for example, clays such as bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite and kaolin, starch, sugar, silica, talc, diatomaceous earth, urea, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, and sodium sulfate.
• Liquid diluents include, for example, water, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-alkylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, oils of olive, castor, linseed, tung, sesame, corn, peanut, cotton-seed, soybean, rape-seed and coconut, fatty acid esters, ketones such as cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, isophorone and 4-hydroxy-4- methyl-2-pentanone, and alcohols such as methanol, cyclohexanol, decanol and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.
• Solutions can be prepared by simply mixing the ingredients. Dusts and powders can be prepared by blending and, usually, grinding as in a hammer mill or fluid-energy mill. Suspensions are usually prepared by wet-milling; see, for example, U.S. 3,060,084. Granules and pellets can be prepared by spraying the active material upon preformed granular carriers or by agglomeration techniques. See Browning, "Agglomeration", Chemical Engineering, December 4, 1967, pp 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, pages 8-57 and following, and WO 91/13546. Pellets can be prepared as described in U.S.
• Water-dispersible and water-soluble granules can be prepared as taught in U.S. 4,144,050, U.S. 3,920,442 and DE 3,246,493. Tablets can be prepared as taught in U.S. 5,180,587, U.S. 5,232,701 and U.S. 5,208,030. Films can be prepared as taught in GB 2,095,558 and U.S. 3,299,566.
• Compound 5 98.5% silica aerogel 0.5% synthetic amorphous fine silica 1.0%.
• Compound 5 65.0% dodecylphenol polyethylene glycol ether 2.0% sodium ligninsulfonate 4.0% sodium silicoaluminate 6.0% montmorillonite (calcined) 23.0%.
• Compound 5 25.0% anhydrous sodium sulfate 10.0% crude calcium ligninsulfonate 5.0% sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate 1.0% calcium/magnesium bentonite 59.0%.
• Some of the compounds are useful for the control of selected grass and broadleaf weeds with tolerance to important agronomic crops which include but are not limited to alfalfa, barley, cotton, wheat, rape, sugar beets, corn (maize), sorghum, soybeans, rice, oats, peanuts, vegetables, tomato, potato, perennial plantation crops including coffee, cocoa, oil palm, rubber, sugarcane, citrus, grapes, fruit trees, nut trees, banana, plantain, pineapple, hops, tea and forests such as eucalyptus and conifers (e.g., loblolly pine), and turf species (e.g., Kentucky bluegrass, St. Augustine grass, Kentucky fescue and Bermuda grass). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that not all compounds are equally effective against all weeds. Alternatively, the subject compounds are useful to modify plant growth.
• Compounds of this invention can be used alone or in combination with other commercial herbicides, insecticides or fungicides. Compounds of this invention can also be used in combination with commercial herbicide safeners such as benoxacor, dichlormid and furilazole to increase safety to certain crops.
• commercial herbicide safeners such as benoxacor, dichlormid and furilazole to increase safety to certain crops.
• a mixture of one or more of the following herbicides with a compound of this invention may be particularly useful for weed control: acetochlor, acifluorfen and its sodium salt, aclonifen, acrolein (2-propenal), alachlor, ametryn, amidosulfuron, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azimsulfuron, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazone, bifenox, bromacil, bromoxynil, bromoxynil octanoate, butachlor, butralin, butylate, chlomethoxyfen, chloramben, chlorbromuron, chloridazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlornitrofen, chlorotoluron, chlorpropham,
• a herbicidally effective amount of the compounds of this invention is determined by a number of factors. These factors include: formulation selected, method of application, amount and type of vegetation present, growing conditions, etc. In general, a herbicidally effective amount of compounds of this invention is 0.001 to 20 kg/ha with a preferred range of 0.004 to 1.0 kg/ha. One skilled in the art can easily determine the herbicidally effective amount necessary for the desired level of weed control.
• Plants ranged in height from two to eighteen cm (one to four leaf stage) for postemergence treatments. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for twelve to sixteen days, after which all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table A, are based on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is no effect and 10 is complete control. A dash (-) indicates no test result.
• the compounds evaluated in this test were formulated in a non-phytotoxic solvent mixture which included a surfactant and was applied to the soil surface before plant seedlings emerged (preemergence application), and to plants that were in the one-to-four leaf stage (postemergence application) and/or to water that covered the soil surface (flood application).
• a sandy loam soil was used for the preemergence and postemergence tests, while a silt loam soil was used in the flood test. Water depth was approximately 2.5 cm for the flood test and was maintained at this level for the duration of the test.
• Plant species in the preemergence and postemergence tests consisted of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), barley (Hordeum vulgare), bedstraw (Galium aparine), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), chickweed (Stellaria media), cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), corn (Zea mays), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), giant foxtail (Setariafaberii), johnsongrass (Sorghum halpense), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), morningglory (Ipomoea hede raced), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), rape (Brassica napus), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), soybean (Glycine max), speedwell (Veronica persica), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), velvetleaf (Abut ⁇ l
• Plant species in the flood test consisted of rice (Oryza sativa), umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis), duck salad (Heteranthera limosd), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and Late watergrass (Echinochloa oryzicola) grown to the 2 leaf (2 If) stage for testing.

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• 1996
  • 1996-07-03 JP JP9505912A patent/JPH11509202A/ja active Pending
  • 1996-07-03 WO PCT/US1996/011345 patent/WO1997003045A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-07-03 EP EP96924365A patent/EP0850218A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1996-07-03 AU AU64839/96A patent/AU6483996A/en not_active Abandoned

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