EP0849467B1 - Starter with electronic engine start detection - Google Patents

Starter with electronic engine start detection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0849467B1
EP0849467B1 EP97121807A EP97121807A EP0849467B1 EP 0849467 B1 EP0849467 B1 EP 0849467B1 EP 97121807 A EP97121807 A EP 97121807A EP 97121807 A EP97121807 A EP 97121807A EP 0849467 B1 EP0849467 B1 EP 0849467B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
starter
current
starting process
control electronics
internal combustion
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP97121807A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0849467A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Ehlers
Detlef Recksieder
Helmut Smolka
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Publication of EP0849467A1 publication Critical patent/EP0849467A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0848—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines with means for detecting successful engine start, e.g. to stop starter actuation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/04—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
    • F02N2200/044—Starter current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a starter for an internal combustion engine according to the Preamble of claim 1 and control electronics therefor.
  • Embodiment In another Embodiment is housed in the starter, a sensor that the speed of the Starter detected and when a certain predetermined high speed is reached Starting process stops.
  • the first embodiment has a relatively high rate of error detections or faults, especially at higher temperatures, since none or too many impulses can arise.
  • the second embodiment is by the Use of a sensor relatively expensive.
  • the object of the present invention is a starter for To provide internal combustion engines that have a starter recognition that manages with relatively simple means and is largely unaffected by faults.
  • the starter for an internal combustion engine has one Control electronics that evaluate the amount of starter current and when a Engine starts of the internal combustion engine interrupts the starting process, even if the operator still maintains the starting process, for example by holding an ignition key in the start position or by pressing a start button. According to the control electronics receives the level of the starter current by tapping a voltage drop on at least one component of the magnetic switch of the Starter occurs.
  • every shunt is in the starter circuit is suitable to determine the level of the starter current, the tap on one of the starter current through which the magnetic switch has part Advantage that the tap on the one hand inexpensive on the magnetic switch and on the other hand with short cable routes can take place in the immediate vicinity of the starter motor, which ensures high operational safety and low interference.
  • the voltage drop at the inlet and outlet of the starter current is preferably at Magnetic switch removed, this preferably on the screw connections of the Magnetic switch (terminals 30 and 45).
  • connections of the control electronics to existing standard Terminals (connections) of the starter or the associated magnetic switch uses the control electronics as an autonomous unit to the already known Starter systems can be retrofitted.
  • the control electronics according to the invention can attach to the housing of a starter, for example, the connections the control electronics to the terminals of the magnetic switch.
  • the starter wiring remains unchanged except that the switching current of the magnetic switch is not supplied directly to the control electronics, but to the control electronics. In this arrangement, the serves as a shunt for the measurement of the starter current Current bridge in the magnetic switch.
  • the starter advantageously has control electronics that one Evaluates the starting process under detection of the starter current, which at the beginning of Starting process is very high and with increasing rotation of the Internal combustion engine then decreases when turning up the Internal combustion engine to drop to the idle current of the starter.
  • the Control electronics according to the invention makes itself a special feature of Rotational resistance of the internal combustion engine to use, namely the Fluctuations from compressing and decompressing the Coming from internal combustion engine.
  • the starter according to the invention is thus Particularly suitable for internal combustion engines that have a turning fluctuating torque curve (recorded torque). This is especially pronounced in reciprocating internal combustion engines. With the fluctuations of the Rotational resistance of the internal combustion engine, the starter must fluctuate Deliver torque.
  • the starter has a corresponding fluctuating Current consumption, which is somewhat higher when the internal combustion engine is compressed than when decompressing.
  • the control electronics With the turning of the engine one correspondingly periodic fluctuations in the current course of the starter, the cease to apply as soon as the starter no longer turns the internal combustion engine (Reaching the self-running speed of the internal combustion engine or disengaging the Starter due to cranking the internal combustion engine).
  • the control electronics now recognizes this lack of regular fluctuations in the starter current depending on the different rotational resistances of the internal combustion engine Position of the crankshaft originate, and aborts the starting process accordingly.
  • the Aborting the starting process can be a small security allowance include, for example, up to 0.3 sec. to ensure that the starting process is finished.
  • a decrease in the starting current and the The starting process can then be ended if in addition to the absence of the periodic Current fluctuations there is also a decrease in the starting current.
  • the value of the starting current can be detected and in addition to The periodic fluctuations in the starter current do not fall below a predetermined current value and / or reaching a lowest current value of the present starter process as a criterion for the end of the start process be used.
  • the starter current is advantageously determined using a Filter that filters (smoothes) very short current fluctuations to ensure reliable detection of the torque-dependent current fluctuations or the current profile (the Power consumption).
  • the speed of the internal combustion engine can also be detected be, the switching off only takes place when the speed of the Internal combustion engine is above a predetermined value, which in particular between 200 and 800 rpm. This value can also be used by others Variables may be dependent, for example on the temperature of the internal combustion engine.
  • the operator of the starting process remains master of the starting process itself, d. H. he can cancel the start process at any time, even during the periodic Fluctuations in the starter current.
  • the Control electronics during the starting process a time derivative of the starting current or record a decrease in the starting current and, if the derivative or decrease is below a predetermined value and also the starting current itself has fallen below the specified value, cancel the starting process.
  • the derivation or Decrease in the starting current is also advantageously determined via a filter, the The time constant is preferably so long that the current fluctuations are smoothed due to the torque fluctuations. This allows the Current consumption when starting the engine safely from the short-term A distinction can be drawn between current draws during a decompression process.
  • a function lock is advantageously used in the control electronics, the one Repeat start only after a waiting time of approx. 0.5 to 4 seconds, especially approx. 2 sec. after an aborted start process or after switching off the Internal combustion engine enables.
  • a function lock of individual or all of the above described occasion-specific switching operations that overrides these functions, so that the start time either by the operator alone or only by some of the above mentioned functions is determined.
  • Such a repeat start is advantageous at least the function that was overridden at the previous start to Switching off the starting process has resulted.
  • the starter is preferably provided with a autonomous control electronics, in particular with control electronics, on or in the Starter itself is integrated, equipped. Since the essentials according to the invention This enables monitoring parameters to be taken directly from the starter a particularly inexpensive construction possible.
  • the starter according to the invention is can be used for all gasoline and diesel engines.
  • the starter can also contain conventional additives, such as a controlled one Have tracks or a thermal overload protection. Because of the lesser Load on the starter according to the invention (starting processes are average several tenths of a second earlier than that controlled by an operator Starting processes canceled and the starter turns up less Idle speed)), the starter can more easily with regard to its strength rating (weaker) than usual starters, so that weight and Cost advantages arise.
  • control electronics for the starting process as an autonomous unit for example can be retrofitted and is downward compatible, designed, belongs to the Invention control electronics, as described above and below.
  • the starter motor 2 (an electric motor) shown, the characteristic curves until the starter motor comes to a standstill under load are recorded.
  • the starter motor 2 (starter) is a 12 V, 1.8 kW version. In normal starter operation, the starter motor is only over approx. the left half of its characteristic range, d. H. operated up to about 500 to 700 A.
  • the usual working range 20 of the starter is between 300 and 500 A, the Idling range 10 is around 100 A. In between (approx. 150 A to 300 A) there is a range 30, which is passed through during operation of the starter motor, but in one relatively short time it takes the engine to idle spin up.
  • Such a starter motor 2 with associated monitoring electronics (control electronics) 3 and a magnetic switch 4 forms a starter 1 for an internal combustion engine (not shown), as is used, for example, in motor vehicles. Furthermore, typical elements are shown in FIG. 1, as are used in the operation of the starter 1 or the internal combustion engine. From a battery 5, a ground line 6 is connected to a generator 7, which serves for the usual power supply (including charging the battery 5) when the internal combustion engine is operating. The positive lead of the battery is connected to an ignition starter lock 8, of which a terminal 50 is live when the ignition starter lock 8 is actuated. The terminal 50 is connected to a terminal 50a of the monitoring electronics, the switching element 9 of which is switched from the terminal 50a to passage to a terminal 50b when the ignition starter lock 8 is closed.
  • Terminal 50b supplies magnetic switch 4 (a relay) with voltage so that it switches between its terminals 30 and 45 for continuity.
  • the switching takes place by means of a magnetic switch bridge 15, which connects the terminal 30 to the terminal 45.
  • the circuit is now closed via a line 11 to the starter motor 2, so that the starter motor is connected to the battery voltage via the mass (apart from voltage drops in the Cables or the magnetic switch bridge 15).
  • the starter motor 2 comes into engagement with the internal combustion engine and rotates together with it, as shown in FIG. 2, the current I flowing through the starter motor 2 decreasing over time t as the rotational speed n M of the internal combustion engine increases.
  • the monitoring electronics 3 By measuring the voltage drop at the magnetic switch bridge 15 via the terminals 30 and 45, which are directly in series with the starter motor 2, the monitoring electronics 3 the current flow through the starter motor 2 is known.
  • the voltage drop at the magnetic switch bridge 15 can be removed very inexpensively, since there are screw connections at the terminals 30 and 45.
  • the lines of the monitoring electronics 3 for tapping the voltage drop can easily be screwed together with the positive line of the battery 5 to the terminal 30 or the line 11 to the terminal 45.
  • the monitoring electronics 3 can thus be connected without intervention in the starter 2 or the magnetic switch 4.
  • Such monitoring electronics 3 represent an autonomous unit which can be connected to an existing starting system or separated from it again, the function of the starting process always being retained.
  • the current flow through the starter motor 2 has fluctuations 12 which result from different rotational resistances (absorbed torque) of the internal combustion engine, due to compression (high current, high torque) and subsequent decompression (low torque, low current).
  • fluctuations 13 in the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine which are phase-shifted by 180 °, since the latter revs up more easily at a lower rotational resistance (decompression) and requires less power (torque) from the starter motor 2.
  • the starter motor 2 disengages, so that it reaches its idling speed and idling current 10 in a short time.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Anlasser für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und eine Steuerelektronik hierfür.The invention relates to a starter for an internal combustion engine according to the Preamble of claim 1 and control electronics therefor.

Beim Anlassen einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine erfolgt der Anlaßvorgang üblicherweise überwacht durch eine menschliche Person, d. h. der Operator erkennt ein Hochdrehen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine und beendet den Startvorgang. Dies hat zu Folge, daß der Anlasser bis zu 1 sec. (unter Umständen auch länger) unnötig betrieben wird. Aus diesem Grund muß der Anlasser robuster ausgelegt sein als bei einer optimalen Führung des Startvorganges notwendig. Zur Verkürzung des Startvorganges sind daher verschiedene Vorschläge bereits bekannt. Bei einer Ausführungsform werden Spannungsschwankungen zwischen den Klemmen 50 und 30 (bei Kraftfahrzeugen) erfaßt, hieraus werden Rechteckimpulse geformt und gezählt, wobei das Abschalten nach einer bestimmten vorgegebenen Anzahl von Impulsen erfolgt. In einer anderen Ausführungsform wird im Anlasser ein Sensor untergebracht, der die Drehzahl des Anlassers erfaßt und bei Erreichen einer bestimmten vorgegebenen hohen Drehzahl den Anlaßvorgang abbricht. Die erste Ausführungsform hat eine verhältnismäßig hohe Rate von Fehlerkennungen bzw. Störungen, insbesondere bei höheren Temperaturen, da keine bzw. zuviel Impulse entstehen können. Die zweite Ausführungsform ist durch den Einsatz eines Sensors verhältnismäßig teuer.When an internal combustion engine is started, the starting process usually takes place monitored by a human person, d. H. the operator detects a cranking the internal combustion engine and ends the starting process. As a result, the starter is operated unnecessarily for up to 1 sec. (possibly even longer). Out For this reason, the starter must be designed to be more robust than with optimal guidance of the starting process necessary. To shorten the starting process are therefore various suggestions already known. In one embodiment Voltage fluctuations between terminals 50 and 30 (in motor vehicles) detected, from this rectangular pulses are formed and counted, the switching off after a certain predetermined number of pulses. In another Embodiment is housed in the starter, a sensor that the speed of the Starter detected and when a certain predetermined high speed is reached Starting process stops. The first embodiment has a relatively high rate of error detections or faults, especially at higher temperatures, since none or too many impulses can arise. The second embodiment is by the Use of a sensor relatively expensive.

Aus der DE 195 03 537 A1 ist ferner bereits eine Schaltungsanordnung von Startvorrichtungen von Brennkraftmaschinen bekannt, die Mittel zu Erfassung der Welligkeit der Batteriespannung und / oder des Stromes beim Startvorgang aufweist, die durch Kompression und Dekompression der Brennkraftmaschine verursacht wird. Diesem Mittel ist eine Schaltstufe nachgeschaltet, die beim Ausbleiben der Welligkeit den Startermotor abschaltet.From DE 195 03 537 A1 a circuit arrangement of Starting devices of internal combustion engines are known to have the means to capture the Ripple of the battery voltage and / or the current during the starting process has by compression and decompression of the internal combustion engine is caused. This means is followed by a switching stage, which at If the ripple does not occur, the starter motor switches off.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es einen Anlasser für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen zur Verfügung zu stellen, der eine Starterkennung hat, die mit verhältnismäßig einfachen Mitteln auskommt und weitgehend störunanfällig ist.The object of the present invention is a starter for To provide internal combustion engines that have a starter recognition that manages with relatively simple means and is largely unaffected by faults.

Bei dem eingangs beschriebenen Anlasser (Elektromotor) wird die Aufgabe gelöst mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Der erfindungsgemäße Anlasser für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine hat eine Steuerelektronik, die die Höhe des Anlasserstroms auswertet und beim Erkennen eines Motorstarts der Verbrennungskraftmaschine den Anlaßvorgang unterbricht, auch wenn der Operator den Anlaßvorgang an sich noch aufrecht hält, beispielsweise durch Halten eines Zündschlüssels in der Startposition oder durch Drücken eines Anlaßknopfes. Erfindungsgemäß erhält die Steuerelektronik die Höhe des Anlasserstroms durch Abriff eines Spannungsabfalls, der an zumindest einem Bestandteil des Magnetschalters des Anlassers auftritt. Grundsätzlich ist zwar jeder Shunt, der in dem Anlasserstromkreis liegt, geeignet, um die Höhe des Anlasserstroms zu ermitteln, der Abriff an einem von dem Anlasserstrom durchflossenen Bestandteil des Magnetschalters hat jedoch den Vorteil, daß der Abriff einerseits preiswert an dem Magnetschalter und andererseits mit kurzen Leitungswegen unmittelbar in der Nähe des Anlassermotors erfolgen kann, wodurch eine hohe Betriebssicherheit und geringe Störeinstrahlung gewährleistet ist.In the starter (electric motor) described above, the task is solved with the characterizing features of claim 1. The starter for an internal combustion engine according to the invention has one Control electronics that evaluate the amount of starter current and when a Engine starts of the internal combustion engine interrupts the starting process, even if the operator still maintains the starting process, for example by holding an ignition key in the start position or by pressing a start button. According to the control electronics receives the level of the starter current by tapping a voltage drop on at least one component of the magnetic switch of the Starter occurs. Basically, every shunt is in the starter circuit is suitable to determine the level of the starter current, the tap on one of the starter current through which the magnetic switch has part Advantage that the tap on the one hand inexpensive on the magnetic switch and on the other hand with short cable routes can take place in the immediate vicinity of the starter motor, which ensures high operational safety and low interference.

Vorzugsweise wird der Spannungsabfall am Ein- und Auslaß des Anlasserstroms am Magnetschalter abgenommen, wobei dies bevorzugt an den Schraubverbindungen des Magnetschalters (Klemmen 30 und 45) erfolgt.The voltage drop at the inlet and outlet of the starter current is preferably at Magnetic switch removed, this preferably on the screw connections of the Magnetic switch (terminals 30 and 45).

Dadurch, daß die Anschlüsse der Steuerelektronik auf standardmäßig bestehende Klemmen (Anschlüsse) des Anlassers bzw. des dazugehörigen Magnetschalters zurückgreift, kann die Steuerelektronik als autonome Einheit an den bereits bekannten Anlassersystemen nachgerüstet werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Steuerelektronik läßt sich beispielsweise an dem Gehäuse eines Anlassers befestigen, wobei die Anschlüsse der Steuerelektronik zu den Klemmen des Magnetschalters geführt werden. Die Verkabelung des Anlassers bleibt unverändert mit der Ausnahme, daß der Schaltstrom des Magnetschalters nicht diesem direkt, sondern der Steuerelektronik zugeführt wird. Als Shunt für die Messung des Anlasserstroms dient bei dieser Anordnung die Strombrücke im Magnetschalter.The fact that the connections of the control electronics to existing standard Terminals (connections) of the starter or the associated magnetic switch uses the control electronics as an autonomous unit to the already known Starter systems can be retrofitted. The control electronics according to the invention can attach to the housing of a starter, for example, the connections the control electronics to the terminals of the magnetic switch. The The starter wiring remains unchanged except that the switching current of the magnetic switch is not supplied directly to the control electronics, but to the control electronics. In this arrangement, the serves as a shunt for the measurement of the starter current Current bridge in the magnetic switch.

Erfindungsgemäß hat der Anlasser vorteilhaft eine Steuerelektronik, die einen Anlaßvorgang unter Erfassung des Anlasserstromes auswertet, der zu Beginn des Anlaßvorganges sehr hoch ist und mit Zunahme der Rotation der Verbrennungskraftmaschine abnimmt um anschließend beim Hochdrehen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine auf den Leerlaufstrom des Anlassers abzufallen. Die erfindungsgemäße Steuerelektronik macht sich dabei eine Besonderheit des Drehwiderstandes der Verbrennungskraftmaschine zu Nutze, nämlich die Schwankungen, die vom Komprimieren und Dekomprimieren der Verbrennungskraftmaschine herrühren. Der erfindungsgemäße Anlasser ist somit insbesondere geeignet für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, die beim Drehen einen schwankenden Drehmomentverlauf (aufgenommenes Drehmoment) haben. Dieses ist besonders bei Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschinen ausgeprägt. Mit den Schwankungen des Drehwiderstandes der Brennkraftmaschine muß auch der Anlasser ein schwankendes Drehmoment abgeben. Hierdurch hat der Anlasser eine entsprechende schwankende Stromaufnahme, die bei einem Komprimiervorgang der Brennkraftmaschine etwas höher ist als bei einem Dekomprimiervorgang. Mit dem Drehen der Brennkraftmaschine hat man entsprechend im Stromverlauf des Anlassers periodische Schwankungen, die wegfallen, sobald der Anlasser nicht mehr die Verbrennungskraftmaschine dreht (Erreichen der Selbstlaufdrehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine bzw. Ausspuren des Anlassers aufgrund Hochdrehen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine). Die Steuerelektronik erkennt nun dieses Ausbleiben der regelmäßigen Schwankungen des Anlasserstroms, die von den unterschiedlichen Drehwiderständen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine je nach Lage derer Kurbelwelle herrühren, und bricht entsprechend den Anlaßvorgang ab. Das Abbrechen des Anlaßvorgangs kann hierbei noch eine kleine zeitliche Sicherheitszugabe beinhalten, beispielsweise bis zu 0,3 sec., um sicherzustellen, daß der Startvorgang beendet ist.According to the invention, the starter advantageously has control electronics that one Evaluates the starting process under detection of the starter current, which at the beginning of Starting process is very high and with increasing rotation of the Internal combustion engine then decreases when turning up the Internal combustion engine to drop to the idle current of the starter. The Control electronics according to the invention makes itself a special feature of Rotational resistance of the internal combustion engine to use, namely the Fluctuations from compressing and decompressing the Coming from internal combustion engine. The starter according to the invention is thus Particularly suitable for internal combustion engines that have a turning fluctuating torque curve (recorded torque). This is especially pronounced in reciprocating internal combustion engines. With the fluctuations of the Rotational resistance of the internal combustion engine, the starter must fluctuate Deliver torque. As a result, the starter has a corresponding fluctuating Current consumption, which is somewhat higher when the internal combustion engine is compressed than when decompressing. With the turning of the engine one correspondingly periodic fluctuations in the current course of the starter, the cease to apply as soon as the starter no longer turns the internal combustion engine (Reaching the self-running speed of the internal combustion engine or disengaging the Starter due to cranking the internal combustion engine). The control electronics now recognizes this lack of regular fluctuations in the starter current depending on the different rotational resistances of the internal combustion engine Position of the crankshaft originate, and aborts the starting process accordingly. The Aborting the starting process can be a small security allowance include, for example, up to 0.3 sec. to ensure that the starting process is finished.

Besonders vorteilhaft kann auch eine Abnahme des Anlaßstroms erfaßt und der Anlaßvorgang dann beendet werden, wenn zusätzlich zum Ausbleiben der periodischen Stromschwankungen auch eine Abnahme des Anlaßstromes vorliegt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann auch der Wert des Anlaßstroms erfaßt werden und zusätzlich zum Ausbleiben der periodischen Schwankungen des Starterstroms ein Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Stromwertes und/oder ein Erreichen eines tiefsten Stromwertes des vorliegenden Startervorgangs als Kriterium für das Ende des Startvorganges mit herangezogen werden. Die Ermittlung des Anlasserstroms erfolgt vorteilhaft über ein Filter, das sehr kurze Stromschwankungen filtert (glättet), um ein sicheres Erkennen der drehmomentabhängigen Stromschwankungen bzw. des Stromverlaufs (der Stromabnahme) zu gewährleisten. A decrease in the starting current and the The starting process can then be ended if in addition to the absence of the periodic Current fluctuations there is also a decrease in the starting current. Alternatively or in addition, the value of the starting current can be detected and in addition to The periodic fluctuations in the starter current do not fall below a predetermined current value and / or reaching a lowest current value of the present starter process as a criterion for the end of the start process be used. The starter current is advantageously determined using a Filter that filters (smoothes) very short current fluctuations to ensure reliable detection of the torque-dependent current fluctuations or the current profile (the Power consumption).

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann auch die Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine erfaßt werden, wobei das Abschalten erst erfolgt, wenn die Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine oberhalb eines vorgegebenen Wertes liegt, der insbesondere zwischen 200 und 800 U/min, gewählt wird. Dieser Wert kann auch von anderen Variablen abhängig sein, beispielsweise von der Temperatur der Brennkraftmaschine.Alternatively or additionally, the speed of the internal combustion engine can also be detected be, the switching off only takes place when the speed of the Internal combustion engine is above a predetermined value, which in particular between 200 and 800 rpm. This value can also be used by others Variables may be dependent, for example on the temperature of the internal combustion engine.

Vorzugsweise bleibt der Operator des Startvorgangs Herr über den Startvorgang selbst, d. h. er kann jeder Zeit den Startvorgang abbrechen, auch während der periodischen Schwankungen des Anlasserstroms.Preferably, the operator of the starting process remains master of the starting process itself, d. H. he can cancel the start process at any time, even during the periodic Fluctuations in the starter current.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich zur Erfassung der Schwankungen des Anlaßstroms kann die Steuerelektronik während des Anlaßvorganges eine zeitliche Ableitung des Anlaßstroms bzw. eine Abnahme des Anlaßstroms erfassen und, sofern die Ableitung bzw. Abnahme unterhalb eines vorgegebenen Wertes liegt und auch der Anlaßstrom selbst einen vorgegebenen Wert unterschritten hat, den Anlaßvorgang abbrechen. Die Ableitung bzw. Abnahme des Anlaßstroms wird ebenfalls vorteilhaft über ein Filter ermittelt, dessen Zeitkonstante vorzugsweise so lang bemessen ist, daß auch die Stromschwankungen auf Grund der Drehmomentschwankungen geglättet werden. Hierdurch kann die Stromabnahme beim Anspringen des Motors sicher von den kurzzeitigen Stromabnahmen bei einem Dekompressionsvorgang unterschieden werden.Alternatively or in addition to the detection of the fluctuations in the starting current, the Control electronics during the starting process a time derivative of the starting current or record a decrease in the starting current and, if the derivative or decrease is below a predetermined value and also the starting current itself has fallen below the specified value, cancel the starting process. The derivation or Decrease in the starting current is also advantageously determined via a filter, the The time constant is preferably so long that the current fluctuations are smoothed due to the torque fluctuations. This allows the Current consumption when starting the engine safely from the short-term A distinction can be drawn between current draws during a decompression process.

Um sicherzustellen, daß Motor und Anlasser bei Beginn des Anlaßvorganges die Drehzahl 0 haben, wird vorteilhaft eine Funktionssperre in die Steuerelektronik eingesetzt, die eine Startwiederholung erst nach einer Wartezeit von ca. 0,5 bis 4 sec., insbesondere ca. 2 sec. nach einem abgebrochenen Startvorgang oder nach einem Abstellen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine ermöglicht. Vorteilhaft wird in der Steuerelektronik bei einer Startwiederholung, beispielsweise innerhalb von 30 sec. und insbesondere innerhalb von 15 sec. auch eine Funktionssperre einzelner oder aller der oben beschriebenen anlaßspezifischen Schaltvorgängen abgelegt, die diese Funktionen außer Kraft setzt, so daß die Anlaßdauer entweder allein durch den Operator oder nur durch einzelne der oben genannten Funktionen bestimmt wird. Vorteilhaft wird bei einem solchen Wiederholstart zumindest die Funktion außer Kraft gesetzt, die bei dem vorhergehenden Start zum Abschalten des Startvorganges geführt hat. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß eine Fehlfunktion (zu frühes Beenden des Anlaßvorganges durch die Steuerelektronik) bei einem erneuten Anlaßvorgang nicht wiederholt wird, so daß auch bei einer Störung der Erkennung des Motorstarts (Störung des Erkennens der Selbstlaufdrehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors) bei einem erneuten Startversuch ein Start möglich ist.To ensure that the engine and starter speed at the start of the starting process 0, a function lock is advantageously used in the control electronics, the one Repeat start only after a waiting time of approx. 0.5 to 4 seconds, especially approx. 2 sec. after an aborted start process or after switching off the Internal combustion engine enables. Is advantageous in the control electronics at one Repeat start, for example within 30 seconds and especially within 15 sec. Also a function lock of individual or all of the above described occasion-specific switching operations that overrides these functions, so that the start time either by the operator alone or only by some of the above mentioned functions is determined. Such a repeat start is advantageous at least the function that was overridden at the previous start to Switching off the starting process has resulted. This ensures that a Malfunction (too early termination of the starting process by the control electronics) a renewed starting process is not repeated, so that even in the event of a fault Detection of engine start (malfunction of detection of the self-running speed of the Internal combustion engine) is possible if you try to start again.

Mit der Erfindung ist ein schneller und leiser Komfortstart und eine Steigerung der Starterqualität (Langzeitfunktion) möglich. Vorzugsweise wird der Starter mit einer autonomen Steuerelektronik, insbesondere mit einer Steuerelektronik, die an oder in dem Anlasser selbst integriert ist, ausgerüstet. Da erfindungsgemäß die wesentlichen Überwachungsparameter direkt am Starter abgenommen werden können, ist hierdurch ein besonders kostengünstiger Aufbau möglich. Der erfindungsgemäße Starter ist prinzipiell für alle Otto- und Dieselmotoren einsetzbar.With the invention is a quick and quiet comfort start and an increase in Starter quality (long-term function) possible. The starter is preferably provided with a autonomous control electronics, in particular with control electronics, on or in the Starter itself is integrated, equipped. Since the essentials according to the invention This enables monitoring parameters to be taken directly from the starter a particularly inexpensive construction possible. The starter according to the invention is can be used for all gasoline and diesel engines.

Neben der Starterkennung kann der Starter noch übliche Zusätze, wie ein kontrolliertes Einspuren bzw. einen thermischen Überlastungsschutz haben. Aufgrund der geringeren Belastung des erfindungsgemäßen Anlassers (Anlaßvorgänge werden durchschnittlich mehrere zehntel Sekunden früher als bei von einem Operator kontrollierten Anlaßvorgängen abgebrochen und der Anlasser dreht weniger hoch (auf Leerlaufdrehzahl)) kann der Anlasser hinsichtlich seiner Festigkeitsauslegung leichter (schwächer) als übliche Anlasser ausgelegt werden, so daß auch hier Gewichts- und Kostenvorteile entstehen.In addition to the starter detection, the starter can also contain conventional additives, such as a controlled one Have tracks or a thermal overload protection. Because of the lesser Load on the starter according to the invention (starting processes are average several tenths of a second earlier than that controlled by an operator Starting processes canceled and the starter turns up less Idle speed)), the starter can more easily with regard to its strength rating (weaker) than usual starters, so that weight and Cost advantages arise.

Da die Steuerelektronik für den Startvorgang als autonome Einheit, die beispielsweise nachgerüstet werden kann und abwärtskompatibel ist, ausgelegt ist, gehört mit zur Erfindung eine Steuerelektronik, wie sie oben und im folgenden beschrieben ist.Since the control electronics for the starting process as an autonomous unit, for example can be retrofitted and is downward compatible, designed, belongs to the Invention control electronics, as described above and below.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von Zeichnungen näher beschrieben.The invention is described below with reference to drawings.

Es zeigen

Figur 1
einen Anlasser, wie er in einem Kraftfahrzeug angeschlossen ist;
Figur 2
eine Strom-Drehzahl-Kurve des Anlassers; und
Figur 3
eine typische Starterkennlinie.
Show it
Figure 1
a starter as connected in a motor vehicle;
Figure 2
a current-speed curve of the starter; and
Figure 3
a typical starter characteristic.

In Figur 3 sind die allgemeinen Kennlinien eines Anlassermotors 2 (ein Elektromotor) dargestellt, wobei die Kennlinien bis zum Stillstand des Anlassermotors unter Last aufgezeichnet sind. Bei dem Anlassermotor 2 (Starter) handelt es sich um eine 12 V, 1,8 kW Ausführung. Im gewöhnlichen Starterbetrieb wird der Anlassermotor nur über ca. die linke Hälfte seines Kennlinienbereiches, d. h. bis etwa 500 bis 700 A betrieben. Der übliche Arbeitsbereich 20 des Starters liegt zwischen 300 und 500 A, der Leerlaufbereich 10 liegt um 100 A. Dazwischen (ca. 150 A bis 300 A) liegt ein Bereich 30, der bei einem Betrieb des Startermotors zwar durchschritten wird, dies aber in einer verhältnismäßig kurzen Zeit, die der Motor braucht, um auf die Leerlaufdrehzahl hochzudrehen. Mit der Abhängigkeit der Stromaufnahme zu dem dem Startermotor abverlangten Drehmoment M und dem Bereich 30 stehen zwei Mittel zur Verfügung, den Startvorgang einer Brennkraftmaschine sicher zu erkennen: mit dem schwankenden Drehmoment beim Drehen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine schwankt gleichermaßen auch der Strom I und beim Übergang des Startermotors von seinem Arbeitsbereich 20 in seinen Leerlaufbereich 10 tritt in verhältnismäßig kurzer Zeit eine deutliche Stromabnahme auf. Prinzipiell könnte auch statt des Stromes die abnehmende Spannung U oder auch die abgegebene Leistung P herangezogen werden, die abgegebene Leistung P läßt sich jedoch meßtechnisch nur aufwendig erfassen und bei der Verwendung der Spannung U hat es sich gezeigt, daß durch die Einflüsse anderer Aggregate Spannungsänderungen, insbesondere auch temperaturabhängig, auftreten, die ein Erkennen des Anspringens der Brennkraftmaschine verhindern oder vortäuschen können.3 shows the general characteristics of a starter motor 2 (an electric motor) shown, the characteristic curves until the starter motor comes to a standstill under load are recorded. The starter motor 2 (starter) is a 12 V, 1.8 kW version. In normal starter operation, the starter motor is only over approx. the left half of its characteristic range, d. H. operated up to about 500 to 700 A. The usual working range 20 of the starter is between 300 and 500 A, the Idling range 10 is around 100 A. In between (approx. 150 A to 300 A) there is a range 30, which is passed through during operation of the starter motor, but in one relatively short time it takes the engine to idle spin up. With the dependence of the current consumption on that of the starter motor requested torque M and the area 30, two means are available To reliably recognize the starting process of an internal combustion engine: with the fluctuating one Torque when turning the internal combustion engine fluctuates equally also the current I and at the transition of the starter motor from its working area 20 in its idle range 10 occurs in a relatively short time Current draw on. In principle, the decreasing voltage could also be used instead of the current U or the output power P are used, the output power P, however, can only be measured with great effort and when using the Voltage U has been shown to be influenced by other units Voltage changes, in particular also temperature-dependent, occur Prevent detection of the starting of the engine or pretend.

Ein solcher Startermotor 2 mit einer zugehörigen Überwachungselektronik (Steuerelektronik) 3 und einem Magnetschalter 4 bildet einen Anlasser 1 für eine (nicht dargestellte) Verbrennungskraftmaschine, wie sie beispielsweise in Kraftfahrzeugen zum Einsatz kommt. Weiterhin sind in Figur 1 noch typische Elemente dargestellt, wie sie beim Betrieb des Anlassers 1 bzw. der Brennkraftmaschine zum Einsatz kommen. Von einer Batterie 5 ist eine Masseleitung 6 mit einem Generator 7 verbunden, der beim Betrieb der Verbrennungskraftmaschine der üblichen Stromversorgung (incl. Laden der Batterie 5) dient. Die Plusleitung der Batterie ist mit einem Zündanlaßschloß 8 verbunden, von dem eine Klemme 50 bei einer Betätigung des Zündanlaßschlosses 8 (+) spannungsführend ist. Die Klemme 50 ist mit einer Klemme 50a der Überwachungselektronik verbunden, deren Schaltelement 9 beim Schließen des Zündanlaßschlosses 8 von der Klemme 50a auf Durchgang zu einer Klemme 50b geschaltet ist. Die Klemme 50b versorgt den Magnetschalter 4 (ein Relais) mit Spannung, so daß dieser zwischen seinen Klemmen 30 und 45 auf Durchgang schaltet. Das Durchschalten erfolgt mittels einer Magnetschalterbrücke 15, die die Klemme 30 mit der Klemme 45 verbindet. Von der Klemme 30, die fest mit der Plusleitung der Batterie 5 verbunden ist, wird nun der Stromkreis über eine Leitung 11 zu dem Startermotor 2 hin geschlossen, so daß über die Masse des Startermotors dieser mit der Batteriespannung verbunden ist (abgesehen von Spannungsabfällen in den Leitungen bzw. der Magnetschalterbrücke 15). Der Startermotor 2 gelangt hierdurch in Eingriff mit der Brennkraftmaschine und dreht gemeinsam mit dieser hoch, wobei, wie in Figur 2 dargestellt, über die Zeit t der durch den Startermotor 2 fließende Strom I abnimmt mit ansteigender Drehzahl nM der Verbrennungskraftmaschine. Durch Messen des Spannungsabfalls an der Magnetschalterbrücke 15 über die Klemmen 30 und 45, die unmittelbar in Serie zu dem Startermotor 2 liegen, ist der Überwachungselektronik 3 der Stromfluß durch den Startermotor 2 bekannt. Der Spannungsabfall an der Magnetschalterbrücke 15 kann sehr preiswert abgenommen werden, da an den Klemmen 30 und 45 Schraubverbindungen vorhanden sind. Die Leitungen der Überwachungselektronik 3 für den Abriff des Spannungsabfalls können leicht zusammen mit der Plusleitung der Batterie 5 an der Klemme 30 bzw. der Leitung 11 an der Klemme 45 angeschraubt werden. Die Überwachungselektronik 3 kann somit ohne Eingriff in den Anlasser 2 oder den Magnetschalter 4 angeklemmt werden. Eine solche Überwachungselektronik 3 stellt eine autonome Einheit dar, die an ein bestehendes Startsystem angeschlossen oder von diesem wieder getrennt werden kann, wobei die Funktion des Startvorganges stets erhalten bleibt. Der Stromfluß durch den Startermotor 2 weist Schwankungen 12 auf, die von unterschiedlichen Drehwiderständen (aufgenommenes Drehmoment) der Verbrennungskraftmaschine, bedingt durch Kompression (hoher Strom, hohes Moment) und anschließende Dekompression (niedriges Moment, niedriger Strom), herrühren. Gleichzeitig treten auch um 180° phasenverschoben Schwankungen 13 in der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors auf, da dieser bei einem niedrigeren Drehwiderstand (Dekompression) leichter hochdreht und dem Startermotor 2 weniger Leistung (Moment) abverlangt. Beim Anspringen 14 der Verbrennungskraftmaschine kuppelt der Startermotor 2 aus, so daß dieser in kurzer Zeit seine Leerlaufdrehzahl und seinen Leerlaufstrom 10 erreicht. Auch dieses erkennt die Überwachungselektronik 3 durch Abriff des Spannungsabfalls an der Magnetschalterbrücke 15 und wertet den Wegfall der periodischen Schwankungen 12 zusammen mit dem Stromabfall bei 14 (oder dem hier vorliegenden niedrigen Stromwert) als Anspringen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine aus und unterbricht über das Schaltelement 9 den Stromfluß zwischen den Klemmen 50a und 50b, so daß auch bei geschlossenem Zündanlaßschloß 8 der Magnetschalter 4 entregt und der Stromfluß zwischen den Klemmen 30 und 45 unterbrochen wird. Hierdurch wird der Startermotor 2 bereits wenige Millisekunden nach dem Anspringen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine abgeschaltet.Such a starter motor 2 with associated monitoring electronics (control electronics) 3 and a magnetic switch 4 forms a starter 1 for an internal combustion engine (not shown), as is used, for example, in motor vehicles. Furthermore, typical elements are shown in FIG. 1, as are used in the operation of the starter 1 or the internal combustion engine. From a battery 5, a ground line 6 is connected to a generator 7, which serves for the usual power supply (including charging the battery 5) when the internal combustion engine is operating. The positive lead of the battery is connected to an ignition starter lock 8, of which a terminal 50 is live when the ignition starter lock 8 is actuated. The terminal 50 is connected to a terminal 50a of the monitoring electronics, the switching element 9 of which is switched from the terminal 50a to passage to a terminal 50b when the ignition starter lock 8 is closed. Terminal 50b supplies magnetic switch 4 (a relay) with voltage so that it switches between its terminals 30 and 45 for continuity. The switching takes place by means of a magnetic switch bridge 15, which connects the terminal 30 to the terminal 45. From the terminal 30, which is firmly connected to the positive line of the battery 5, the circuit is now closed via a line 11 to the starter motor 2, so that the starter motor is connected to the battery voltage via the mass (apart from voltage drops in the Cables or the magnetic switch bridge 15). As a result, the starter motor 2 comes into engagement with the internal combustion engine and rotates together with it, as shown in FIG. 2, the current I flowing through the starter motor 2 decreasing over time t as the rotational speed n M of the internal combustion engine increases. By measuring the voltage drop at the magnetic switch bridge 15 via the terminals 30 and 45, which are directly in series with the starter motor 2, the monitoring electronics 3 the current flow through the starter motor 2 is known. The voltage drop at the magnetic switch bridge 15 can be removed very inexpensively, since there are screw connections at the terminals 30 and 45. The lines of the monitoring electronics 3 for tapping the voltage drop can easily be screwed together with the positive line of the battery 5 to the terminal 30 or the line 11 to the terminal 45. The monitoring electronics 3 can thus be connected without intervention in the starter 2 or the magnetic switch 4. Such monitoring electronics 3 represent an autonomous unit which can be connected to an existing starting system or separated from it again, the function of the starting process always being retained. The current flow through the starter motor 2 has fluctuations 12 which result from different rotational resistances (absorbed torque) of the internal combustion engine, due to compression (high current, high torque) and subsequent decompression (low torque, low current). At the same time, there are also fluctuations 13 in the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine which are phase-shifted by 180 °, since the latter revs up more easily at a lower rotational resistance (decompression) and requires less power (torque) from the starter motor 2. When the internal combustion engine 14 starts, the starter motor 2 disengages, so that it reaches its idling speed and idling current 10 in a short time. This also recognizes the monitoring electronics 3 by tapping the voltage drop at the magnetic switch bridge 15 and evaluates the elimination of the periodic fluctuations 12 together with the current drop at 14 (or the low current value present here) as the internal combustion engine starting and interrupts the current flow between the switching element 9 the terminals 50a and 50b, so that even when the ignition starter lock 8 is closed, the magnetic switch 4 is de-energized and the current flow between the terminals 30 and 45 is interrupted. As a result, the starter motor 2 is switched off just a few milliseconds after the internal combustion engine has started.

Claims (10)

  1. Starter for an internal combustion engine having control electronics (3) which evaluate a starting process by detecting the magnitude of a starter current (I) and which interrupt the starting process when it is identified that the internal combustion engine has started (14), and having a magnetic switch (4) through which the starter current (I) flows, characterized in that the control electronics (3) obtain the magnitude of the starter current (I) from a voltage drop across at least one component (15), through which the starter current (I) flows, of the magnetic switch (4).
  2. Starter according to Claim 1, characterized by a tap for the voltage drop across the inlet (KL30) and across the outlet (KL45) of the starter current (I) on the magnetic switch (4).
  3. Starter according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one tap for the voltage drop, and preferably both taps for the voltage drop, is or are provided via a terminal connection, in particular a screw connection.
  4. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control electronics (3) detect the regular recurrence of increases and decreases (12) in the starter current (I) which are caused by internal combustion engines torques that are dependent on the rotation angle, and in that the interruption takes place when there is no regular recurrence of the increases and decreases in the starter current (at 14).
  5. Starter according to Claim 4, characterized in that the control electronics (3) also detect a decrease (30) in the starter current (I) during the starting process, and interrupt the starting process only when a predetermined decrease in the starter current also occurs.
  6. Starter according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that the control electronics (3) detect a time derivative of the starting current during the starting process, and interrupt the starting process below a predetermined negative value of the derivative when the starting current is below a predetermined starting current value and in the event of a predetermined decrease over time of the starter current below the predetermined value of the starter current.
  7. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control electronics (3) also detect the rotation speed (nM) of the internal combustion engine during the starting process, and the interruption takes place only when the rotation speed (nM) of the internal combustion engine is above a predetermined value.
  8. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control electronics (3) are rendered inoperative if the starting process is repeated within a predetermined time.
  9. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control electronics (3) allow a starting process only once a predetermined time has elapsed since a preceding starting process or since the internal combustion engine has been stopped.
  10. Starter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control electronics are in the form of an autonomous unit, in particular on the starter.
EP97121807A 1996-12-18 1997-12-11 Starter with electronic engine start detection Expired - Lifetime EP0849467B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19652722 1996-12-18
DE19652722 1996-12-18

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EP0849467B1 true EP0849467B1 (en) 2003-05-14

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DE (1) DE59710081D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2197290T3 (en)

Cited By (1)

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DE102007009872A1 (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-09-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for identifying tow start operation of internal combustion engine in motor vehicle, involves detecting signal which represents activity or inactivity of starter unit of internal combustion engine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19837782A1 (en) * 1998-08-20 2000-02-24 Volkswagen Ag Method and device for starting an internal combustion engine
DE10021154C1 (en) * 2000-04-29 2001-08-09 Audi Ag Device and method for starting an internal combustion engine
DE10021153C2 (en) * 2000-04-29 2002-05-02 Audi Ag Device and method for starting an internal combustion engine
US6494277B1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2002-12-17 Ford Motor Company Hybrid electric vehicle system
DE10210537A1 (en) * 2002-03-05 2003-09-18 Volkswagen Ag Combustion engine starter has starter switch close to battery, trigger element connected to ignition-starter switch and connecting line only carrying current during starting process
DE10218011A1 (en) * 2002-04-23 2003-11-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for detecting the completion of a starting process in an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle
DE102004029895B4 (en) * 2004-06-17 2014-03-13 Volkswagen Ag Device and method for controlling the starting process in a motor vehicle
EP2317101A1 (en) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-04 Ford Global Technologies, LLC Method and system of engine start control

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JPS60175765A (en) * 1984-02-21 1985-09-09 Nippon Denso Co Ltd Overrun preventer for starter
JPS61192849A (en) * 1985-02-20 1986-08-27 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Starter for diesel engine
FR2699607B1 (en) * 1992-12-23 1995-01-20 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Motor vehicle starter control circuit.
US5345901A (en) * 1993-07-26 1994-09-13 Carrier Corporation Starter motor protection system
DE19503537A1 (en) * 1995-02-03 1996-08-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Control circuit for motor vehicle IC engine starter motor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007009872A1 (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-09-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for identifying tow start operation of internal combustion engine in motor vehicle, involves detecting signal which represents activity or inactivity of starter unit of internal combustion engine
US8584642B2 (en) 2007-02-28 2013-11-19 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for detecting a tow start operation of an internal combustion engine

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ES2197290T3 (en) 2004-01-01
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