EP0849467A1 - Starter with electronic engine start detection - Google Patents
Starter with electronic engine start detection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0849467A1 EP0849467A1 EP97121807A EP97121807A EP0849467A1 EP 0849467 A1 EP0849467 A1 EP 0849467A1 EP 97121807 A EP97121807 A EP 97121807A EP 97121807 A EP97121807 A EP 97121807A EP 0849467 A1 EP0849467 A1 EP 0849467A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- starter
- current
- control electronics
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
- F02N11/0848—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines with means for detecting successful engine start, e.g. to stop starter actuation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
- F02N2200/04—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
- F02N2200/044—Starter current
Definitions
- the invention relates to a starter for an internal combustion engine according to the Preamble of claim 1 and control electronics therefor.
- Embodiment In another Embodiment is housed in the starter, a sensor that the speed of the Starter detected and when a certain predetermined high speed is reached Starting process stops.
- the first embodiment has a relatively high rate of error detections or faults, especially at higher temperatures, since none or too many impulses can arise.
- the second embodiment is by the Use of a sensor relatively expensive.
- the object of the present invention is a starter for To provide internal combustion engines that have a starter recognition that manages with relatively simple means and is largely unaffected by faults.
- the starter for an internal combustion engine has one Control electronics that evaluate the amount of starter current and when a Engine starts the internal combustion engine interrupts the starting process, even if the operator still maintains the starting process, for example by holding an ignition key in the start position or by pressing a start button.
- the control electronics receives the level of the starter current by tapping a voltage drop on at least one component of the magnetic switch of the Starter occurs.
- every shunt is in the starter circuit is suitable to determine the level of the starter current, the tap on one of however, the starter current through which the magnetic switch has a component Advantage that the tap on the one hand inexpensive on the magnetic switch and on the other hand with short cable routes can take place in the immediate vicinity of the starter motor, which ensures a high level of operational safety and low interference.
- the voltage drop at the inlet and outlet of the starter current is preferably at Magnetic switch removed, this preferably on the screw connections of the Magnetic switch (terminals 30 and 45).
- the control electronics as an autonomous unit to the already known Starter systems can be retrofitted attach to the housing of a starter, for example, the connections the control electronics to the terminals of the magnetic switch.
- the starter wiring remains unchanged except that the switching current of the magnetic switch is not supplied directly to the control electronics, but to the control electronics. In this arrangement, the serves as a shunt for the measurement of the starter current Current bridge in the magnetic switch.
- the starter advantageously has control electronics that have one Evaluates the starting process by detecting the starter current, which at the beginning of the Starting process is very high and with increasing rotation of the Internal combustion engine then decreases when the engine is turned up Internal combustion engine to drop to the idle current of the starter.
- the Control electronics according to the invention makes itself a special feature of Rotational resistance of the internal combustion engine to use, namely the Fluctuations from compressing and decompressing the Coming from internal combustion engine.
- the starter according to the invention is thus Particularly suitable for internal combustion engines that have a turning fluctuating torque curve (recorded torque). This is especially pronounced in reciprocating internal combustion engines. With the fluctuations of the Rotational resistance of the internal combustion engine, the starter must fluctuate Deliver torque.
- the starter has a corresponding fluctuating Current consumption, which is somewhat higher when the internal combustion engine is compressed than when decompressing.
- the control electronics now recognizes this lack of regular fluctuations in the starter current depending on the different rotational resistances of the internal combustion engine Position of the crankshaft originate, and aborts the starting process accordingly.
- the Aborting the starting process can be a small security allowance include, for example, up to 0.3 sec. to ensure that the starting process is finished.
- a decrease in the starting current and the The starting process can then be ended if, in addition to the absence of periodic Current fluctuations there is also a decrease in the starting current.
- the value of the starting current can be detected and in addition to The periodic fluctuations in the starter current do not fall below a predetermined current value and / or reaching a lowest current value of the present starting process as a criterion for the end of the starting process be used.
- the starter current is advantageously determined using a Filter that filters (smoothes) very short current fluctuations to ensure reliable detection of the torque-dependent current fluctuations or the current profile (the Power consumption).
- the speed of the internal combustion engine can also be detected be, the switching off only takes place when the speed of the Internal combustion engine is above a predetermined value, which in particular between 200 and 800 rpm. is chosen. This value can also be used by others Variables may be dependent, for example on the temperature of the internal combustion engine.
- the operator of the starting process remains master of the starting process itself, d. H. he can abort the starting process at any time, even during the periodic Fluctuations in the starter current.
- the Control electronics during the starting process a time derivative of the starting current or record a decrease in the starting current and, if the derivative or decrease is below a predetermined value and also the starting current itself has fallen below the specified value, cancel the starting process.
- the derivation or Decrease in the starting current is also advantageously determined via a filter, the Time constant is preferably so long that the current fluctuations due to the torque fluctuations. This allows the Current consumption when starting the engine safely from the short-term A distinction can be drawn between current draws during a decompression process.
- a function lock is advantageously used in the control electronics, the one Repeat start only after a waiting time of approx. 0.5 to 4 seconds, especially approx. 2 sec. after an aborted start process or after switching off the Internal combustion engine enables.
- a function lock of individual or all of the above described occasion-specific switching operations that overrides these functions, so that the start time either by the operator alone or only by some of the above mentioned functions is determined.
- Such a repeat start is advantageous at least the function overridden, which at the previous start to Shutdown of the starting process has resulted.
- the starter is preferably provided with a autonomous control electronics, in particular with control electronics, on or in the Starter is integrated, equipped. Since according to the invention the essential Monitoring parameters can be taken directly from the starter a particularly inexpensive construction possible.
- the starter according to the invention is can be used for all gasoline and diesel engines.
- the starter can also contain conventional additives, such as a controlled one Have tracks or a thermal overload protection. Because of the lesser Load on the starter according to the invention (starting processes are average several tenths of a second earlier than that controlled by an operator Starting processes canceled and the starter turns up less Idle speed)) the starter can more easily with regard to its strength rating (weaker) than usual starters, so that weight and Cost advantages arise.
- control electronics for the starting process as an autonomous unit for example can be retrofitted and is downward compatible, designed, belongs to the Invention control electronics, as described above and below.
- FIG. 3 shows the general characteristic curves of a starter motor 2 (an electric motor), the characteristic curves being recorded until the starter motor comes to a standstill under load.
- the starter motor 2 (starter) is a 12 V, 1.8 kW version. In normal starter operation, the starter motor is only operated over approximately the left half of its characteristic range, ie up to approximately 500 to 700 A.
- the usual working range 20 of the starter is between 300 and 500 A, the idling range 10 is around 100 A. In between (approx.
- the decreasing voltage U or the output power P could also be used instead of the current, but the output power P can only be measured in a complex manner using measurement technology, and when using the voltage U it has been shown that the effects of other units cause voltage changes, in particular also occur as a function of temperature, which can prevent or pretend that the engine is starting to be recognized.
- Such a starter motor 2 with associated monitoring electronics (control electronics) 3 and a magnetic switch 4 forms a starter 1 for an internal combustion engine (not shown), as is used, for example, in motor vehicles. Furthermore, typical elements are shown in FIG. 1, as are used in the operation of the starter 1 or the internal combustion engine. From a battery 5, a ground line 6 is connected to a generator 7, which serves for the usual power supply (including charging the battery 5) during operation of the internal combustion engine. The positive lead of the battery is connected to an ignition starter lock 8, of which a terminal 50 is live when the ignition starter lock 8 is actuated (+). The terminal 50 is connected to a terminal 50a of the monitoring electronics, the switching element 9 of which is switched from the terminal 50a to passage to a terminal 50b when the ignition starter lock 8 is closed.
- Terminal 50b supplies magnetic switch 4 (a relay) with voltage so that it switches between its terminals 30 and 45 for continuity.
- the switching takes place by means of a magnetic switch bridge 15, which connects the terminal 30 to the terminal 45.
- the circuit is now closed via a line 11 to the starter motor 2, so that it is connected to the battery voltage via the mass of the starter motor (apart from voltage drops in the Cables or the magnetic switch bridge 15).
- the starter motor 2 comes into engagement with the internal combustion engine and rotates together with it, as shown in FIG. 2, the current flowing through the starter motor 2 over time t decreases with increasing speed n M of the internal combustion engine.
- the monitoring electronics 3 By measuring the voltage drop at the magnetic switch bridge 15 via the terminals 30 and 45, which are directly in series with the starter motor 2, the monitoring electronics 3 the current flow through the starter motor 2 is known.
- the voltage drop at the magnetic switch bridge 15 can be removed very inexpensively, since there are screw connections at the terminals 30 and 45.
- the lines of the monitoring electronics 3 for tapping the voltage drop can easily be screwed together with the positive line of the battery 5 to the terminal 30 or the line 11 to the terminal 45.
- the monitoring electronics 3 can thus be connected without intervention in the starter 2 or the magnetic switch 4.
- Such monitoring electronics 3 represent an autonomous unit that can be connected to or disconnected from an existing starting system, the function of the starting process always being retained.
- the current flow through the starter motor 2 has fluctuations 12 which result from different rotational resistances (absorbed torque) of the internal combustion engine due to compression (high current, high torque) and subsequent decompression (low torque, low current).
- fluctuations 13 in the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine which are phase-shifted by 180 °, since the latter revs up more easily at a lower rotational resistance (decompression) and requires less power (torque) from the starter motor 2.
- the starter motor 2 disengages, so that it reaches its idling speed and idling current 10 in a short time.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Anlasser für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine nach dem
Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und eine Steuerelektronik hierfür.The invention relates to a starter for an internal combustion engine according to the
Preamble of
Beim Anlassen einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine erfolgt der Anlaßvorgang üblicherweise
überwacht durch eine menschliche Person, d. h. der Operator erkennt ein Hochdrehen
der Verbrennungskraftmaschine und beendet den Startvorgang. Dies hat zu Folge, daß
der Anlasser bis zu 1 sec. (unter Umständen auch länger) unnötig betrieben wird. Aus
diesem Grund muß der Anlasser robuster ausgelegt sein als bei einer optimalen Führung
des Startvorganges notwendig. Zur Verkürzung des Startvorganges sind daher
verschiedene Vorschläge bereits bekannt. Bei einer Ausführungsform werden
Spannungsschwankungen zwischen den Klemmen 50 und 30 (bei Kraftfahrzeugen)
erfaßt, hieraus werden Rechteckimpulse geformt und gezählt, wobei das Abschalten
nach einer bestimmten vorgegebenen Anzahl von Impulsen erfolgt. In einer anderen
Ausführungsform wird im Anlasser ein Sensor untergebracht, der die Drehzahl des
Anlassers erfaßt und bei Erreichen einer bestimmten vorgegebenen hohen Drehzahl den
Anlaßvorgang abbricht. Die erste Ausführungsform hat eine verhältnismäßig hohe Rate
von Fehlerkennungen bzw. Störungen, insbesondere bei höheren Temperaturen, da keine
bzw. zuviel Impulse entstehen können. Die zweite Ausführungsform ist durch den
Einsatz eines Sensors verhältnismäßig teuer.When an internal combustion engine is started, the starting process usually takes place
monitored by a human person, d. H. the operator detects a cranking
the internal combustion engine and ends the starting process. This has the consequence that
the starter is operated unnecessarily for up to 1 sec. (possibly even longer). Out
For this reason, the starter must be designed to be more robust than with optimal guidance
of the start process necessary. To shorten the start process are therefore
various suggestions already known. In one embodiment
Voltage fluctuations between
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es einen Anlasser für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen zur Verfügung zu stellen, der eine Starterkennung hat, die mit verhältnismäßig einfachen Mitteln auskommt und weitgehend störunanfällig ist.The object of the present invention is a starter for To provide internal combustion engines that have a starter recognition that manages with relatively simple means and is largely unaffected by faults.
Bei dem eingangs beschriebenen Anlasser (Elektromotor) wird die Aufgabe gelöst mit
den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. In the starter (electric motor) described in the introduction, the task is solved with
the characterizing features of
Der erfindungsgemäße Anlasser für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine hat eine Steuerelektronik, die die Hohe des Anlasserstroms auswertet und beim Erkennen eines Motorstarts der Verbrennungskraftmaschine den Anlaßvorgang unterbricht, auch wenn der Operator den Anlaßvorgang an sich noch aufrecht hält, beispielsweise durch Halten eines Zündschlüssels in der Startposition oder durch Drücken eines Anlaßknopfes. Erfindungsgemäß erhält die Steuerelektronik die Höhe des Anlasserstroms durch Abriff eines Spannungsabfalls, der an zumindest einem Bestandteil des Magnetschalters des Anlassers auftritt. Grundsätzlich ist zwar Jeder Shunt, der in dem Anlasserstromkreis liegt, geeignet, um die Höhe des Anlasserstroms zu ermitteln, der Abriff an einem von dem Anlasserstrom durchflossenen Bestandteil des Magnetschalters hat jedoch den Vorteil, daß der Abriff einerseits preiswert an dem Magnetschalter und andererseits mit kurzen Leitungswegen unmittelbar in der Nähe des Anlassermotors erfolgen kann, wodurch eine hohe Betriebssicherheit und geringe Störeinstrahlung gewährleistet ist.The starter for an internal combustion engine according to the invention has one Control electronics that evaluate the amount of starter current and when a Engine starts the internal combustion engine interrupts the starting process, even if the operator still maintains the starting process, for example by holding an ignition key in the start position or by pressing a start button. According to the control electronics receives the level of the starter current by tapping a voltage drop on at least one component of the magnetic switch of the Starter occurs. Basically, every shunt is in the starter circuit is suitable to determine the level of the starter current, the tap on one of however, the starter current through which the magnetic switch has a component Advantage that the tap on the one hand inexpensive on the magnetic switch and on the other hand with short cable routes can take place in the immediate vicinity of the starter motor, which ensures a high level of operational safety and low interference.
Vorzugsweise wird der Spannungsabfall am Ein- und Auslaß des Anlasserstroms am
Magnetschalter abgenommen, wobei dies bevorzugt an den Schraubverbindungen des
Magnetschalters (Klemmen 30 und 45) erfolgt.The voltage drop at the inlet and outlet of the starter current is preferably at
Magnetic switch removed, this preferably on the screw connections of the
Magnetic switch (
Dadurch, daß die Anschlüsse der Steuerelektronik auf standardmäßig bestehende Klemmen (Anschlüsse) des Anlassers bzw. des dazugehörigen Magnetschalters zurückgreift, kann die Steuerelektronik als autonome Einheit an den bereits bekannten Anlassersystemen nachgerüstet werden Die erfindungsgemäße Steuerelektronik läßt sich beispielsweise an dem Gehäuse eines Anlassers befestigen, wobei die Anschlüsse der Steuerelektronik zu den Klemmen des Magnetschalters geführt werden. Die Verkabelung des Anlassers bleibt unverändert mit der Ausnahme, daß der Schaltstrom des Magnetschalters nicht diesem direkt, sondern der Steuerelektronik zugeführt wird. Als Shunt für die Messung des Anlasserstroms dient bei dieser Anordnung die Strombrücke im Magnetschalter.The fact that the connections of the control electronics to existing standard Terminals (connections) of the starter or the associated magnetic switch falls back, the control electronics as an autonomous unit to the already known Starter systems can be retrofitted attach to the housing of a starter, for example, the connections the control electronics to the terminals of the magnetic switch. The The starter wiring remains unchanged except that the switching current of the magnetic switch is not supplied directly to the control electronics, but to the control electronics. In this arrangement, the serves as a shunt for the measurement of the starter current Current bridge in the magnetic switch.
Erfindungsgemäß hat der Anlasser vorteilhaft eine Steuerelektronik, die einen Anlaßvorgang unter Erfassung des Anlasserstromes auswertet, der zu Beginn des Anlaßvorganges sehr hoch ist und mit Zunahme der Rotation der Verbrennungskraftmaschine abnimmt um anschließend beim Hochdrehen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine auf den Leerlaufstrom des Anlassers abzufallen. Die erfindungsgemäße Steuerelektronik macht sich dabei eine Besonderheit des Drehwiderstandes der Verbrennungskraftmaschine zu Nutze, nämlich die Schwankungen, die vom Komprimieren und Dekomprimieren der Verbrennungskraftmaschine herrühren. Der erfindungsgemäße Anlasser ist somit insbesondere geeignet für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, die beim Drehen einen schwankenden Drehmomentverlauf (aufgenommenes Drehmoment) haben. Dieses ist besonders bei Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschinen ausgeprägt. Mit den Schwankungen des Drehwiderstandes der Brennkraftmaschine muß auch der Anlasser ein schwankendes Drehmoment abgeben. Hierdurch hat der Anlasser eine entsprechende schwankende Stromaufnahme, die bei einem Komprimiervorgang der Brennkraftmaschine etwas höher ist als bei einem Dekomprimiervorgang. Mit dem Drehen der Brennkraftmaschine hat man entsprechend im Stromverlauf des Anlassers periodische Schwankungen, die wegfallen, sobald der Anlasser nicht mehr die Verbrennungskraftmaschine dreht (Erreichen der Selbstlaufdrehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine bzw. Ausspuren des Anlassers aufgrund Hochdrehen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine). Die Steuerelektronik erkennt nun dieses Ausbleiben der regelmäßigen Schwankungen des Anlasserstroms, die von den unterschiedlichen Drehwiderständen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine je nach Lage derer Kurbelwelle herrühren, und bricht entsprechend den Anlaßvorgang ab. Das Abbrechen des Anlaßvorgangs kann hierbei noch eine kleine zeitliche Sicherheitszugabe beinhalten, beispielsweise bis zu 0,3 sec., um sicherzustellen, daß der Startvorgang beendet ist.According to the invention, the starter advantageously has control electronics that have one Evaluates the starting process by detecting the starter current, which at the beginning of the Starting process is very high and with increasing rotation of the Internal combustion engine then decreases when the engine is turned up Internal combustion engine to drop to the idle current of the starter. The Control electronics according to the invention makes itself a special feature of Rotational resistance of the internal combustion engine to use, namely the Fluctuations from compressing and decompressing the Coming from internal combustion engine. The starter according to the invention is thus Particularly suitable for internal combustion engines that have a turning fluctuating torque curve (recorded torque). This is especially pronounced in reciprocating internal combustion engines. With the fluctuations of the Rotational resistance of the internal combustion engine, the starter must fluctuate Deliver torque. As a result, the starter has a corresponding fluctuating Current consumption, which is somewhat higher when the internal combustion engine is compressed than when decompressing. With the turning of the engine one correspondingly periodic fluctuations in the current course of the starter, the disappear as soon as the starter no longer turns the internal combustion engine (Reaching the self-running speed of the internal combustion engine or disengaging the Starter due to cranking the internal combustion engine). The control electronics now recognizes this lack of regular fluctuations in the starter current depending on the different rotational resistances of the internal combustion engine Position of the crankshaft originate, and aborts the starting process accordingly. The Aborting the starting process can be a small security allowance include, for example, up to 0.3 sec. to ensure that the starting process is finished.
Besonders vorteilhaft kann auch eine Abnahme des Anlaßstroms erfaßt und der Anlaßvorgang dann beendet werden, wenn zusätzlich zum Ausbleiben der periodischen Stromschwankungen auch eine Abnahme des Anlaßstromes vorliegt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann auch der Wert des Anlaßstroms erfaßt werden und zusätzlich zum Ausbleiben der periodischen Schwankungen des Starterstroms ein Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Stromwertes und/oder ein Erreichen eines tiefsten Stromwertes des vorliegenden Startervorgangs als Kriterium für das Ende des Startvorganges mit herangezogen werden. Die Ermittlung des Anlasserstroms erfolgt vorteilhaft über ein Filter, das sehr kurze Stromschwankungen filtert (glättet), um ein sicheres Erkennen der drehmomentabhängigen Stromschwankungen bzw. des Stromverlaufs (der Stromabnahme) zu gewährleisten. A decrease in the starting current and the The starting process can then be ended if, in addition to the absence of periodic Current fluctuations there is also a decrease in the starting current. Alternatively or in addition, the value of the starting current can be detected and in addition to The periodic fluctuations in the starter current do not fall below a predetermined current value and / or reaching a lowest current value of the present starting process as a criterion for the end of the starting process be used. The starter current is advantageously determined using a Filter that filters (smoothes) very short current fluctuations to ensure reliable detection of the torque-dependent current fluctuations or the current profile (the Power consumption).
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann auch die Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine erfaßt werden, wobei das Abschalten erst erfolgt, wenn die Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine oberhalb eines vorgegebenen Wertes liegt, der insbesondere zwischen 200 und 800 U/min. gewählt wird. Dieser Wert kann auch von anderen Variablen abhängig sein, beispielsweise von der Temperatur der Brennkraftmaschine.Alternatively or additionally, the speed of the internal combustion engine can also be detected be, the switching off only takes place when the speed of the Internal combustion engine is above a predetermined value, which in particular between 200 and 800 rpm. is chosen. This value can also be used by others Variables may be dependent, for example on the temperature of the internal combustion engine.
Vorzugsweise bleibt der Operator des Startvorgangs Herr über den Startvorgang selbst, d. h. er kann jeder Zeit den Startvorgang abbrechen, auch während der periodischen Schwankungen des Anlasserstroms.Preferably, the operator of the starting process remains master of the starting process itself, d. H. he can abort the starting process at any time, even during the periodic Fluctuations in the starter current.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich zur Erfassung der Schwankungen des Anlaßstroms kann die Steuerelektronik während des Anlaßvorganges eine zeitliche Ableitung des Anlaßstroms bzw. eine Abnahme des Anlaßstroms erfassen und, sofern die Ableitung bzw. Abnahme unterhalb eines vorgegebenen Wertes liegt und auch der Anlaßstrom selbst einen vorgegebenen Wert unterschritten hat, den Anlaßvorgang abbrechen. Die Ableitung bzw. Abnahme des Anlaßstroms wird ebenfalls vorteilhaft über ein Filter ermittelt, dessen Zeitkonstante vorzugsweise so lang bemessen ist, daß auch die Stromschwankungen auf Grund der Drehmomentschwankungen geglättet werden. Hierdurch kann die Stromabnahme beim Anspringen des Motors sicher von den kurzzeitigen Stromabnahmen bei einem Dekompressionsvorgang unterschieden werden.Alternatively or in addition to the detection of the fluctuations in the starting current, the Control electronics during the starting process a time derivative of the starting current or record a decrease in the starting current and, if the derivative or decrease is below a predetermined value and also the starting current itself has fallen below the specified value, cancel the starting process. The derivation or Decrease in the starting current is also advantageously determined via a filter, the Time constant is preferably so long that the current fluctuations due to the torque fluctuations. This allows the Current consumption when starting the engine safely from the short-term A distinction can be drawn between current draws during a decompression process.
Um sicherzustellen, daß Motor und Anlasser bei Beginn des Anlaßvorganges die Drehzahl
0 haben, wird vorteilhaft eine Funktionssperre in die Steuerelektronik eingesetzt, die eine
Startwiederholung erst nach einer Wartezeit von ca. 0,5 bis 4 sec., insbesondere ca. 2
sec. nach einem abgebrochenen Startvorgang oder nach einem Abstellen der
Verbrennungskraftmaschine ermöglicht. Vorteilhaft wird in der Steuerelektronik bei einer
Startwiederholung, beispielsweise innerhalb von 30 sec. und insbesondere innerhalb von
15 sec. auch eine Funktionssperre einzelner oder aller der oben beschriebenen
anlaßspezifischen Schaltvorgängen abgelegt, die diese Funktionen außer Kraft setzt, so
daß die Anlaßdauer entweder allein durch den Operator oder nur durch einzelne der oben
genannten Funktionen bestimmt wird. Vorteilhaft wird bei einem solchen Wiederholstart
zumindest die Funktion außer Kraft gesetzt, die bei dem vorhergehenden Start zum
Abschalten des Startvorganges geführt hat. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß eine
Fehlfunktion (zu frühes Beenden des Anlaßvorganges durch die Steuerelektronik) bei
einem erneuten Anlaßvorgang nicht wiederholt wird, so daß auch bei einer Störung der
Erkennung des Motorstarts (Störung des Erkennens der Selbstlaufdrehzahl des
Verbrennungsmotors) bei einem erneuten Startversuch ein Start möglich ist.To ensure that the engine and starter speed at the start of the
Mit der Erfindung ist ein schneller und leiser Komfortstart und eine Steigerung der Starterqualität (Langzeitfunktion) möglich. Vorzugsweise wird der Starter mit einer autonomen Steuerelektronik, insbesondere mit einer Steuerelektronik, die an oder in dem Anlasser selbst integriert ist, ausgerüstet. Da erfindungsgemäß die wesentlichen Überwachungsparameter direkt am Starter abgenommen werden können, ist hierdurch ein besonders kostengünstiger Aufbau möglich. Der erfindungsgemäße Starter ist prinzipiell für alle Otto- und Dieselmotoren einsetzbar.With the invention is a quick and quiet comfort start and an increase in Starter quality (long-term function) possible. The starter is preferably provided with a autonomous control electronics, in particular with control electronics, on or in the Starter is integrated, equipped. Since according to the invention the essential Monitoring parameters can be taken directly from the starter a particularly inexpensive construction possible. The starter according to the invention is can be used for all gasoline and diesel engines.
Neben der Starterkennung kann der Starter noch übliche Zusätze, wie ein kontrolliertes Einspuren bzw. einen thermischen Überlastungsschutz haben. Aufgrund der geringeren Belastung des erfindungsgemäßen Anlassers (Anlaßvorgänge werden durchschnittlich mehrere zehntel Sekunden früher als bei von einem Operator kontrollierten Anlaßvorgängen abgebrochen und der Anlasser dreht weniger hoch (auf Leerlaufdrehzahl)) kann der Anlasser hinsichtlich seiner Festigkeitsauslegung leichter (schwächer) als übliche Anlasser ausgelegt werden, so daß auch hier Gewichts- und Kostenvorteile entstehen.In addition to the starter detection, the starter can also contain conventional additives, such as a controlled one Have tracks or a thermal overload protection. Because of the lesser Load on the starter according to the invention (starting processes are average several tenths of a second earlier than that controlled by an operator Starting processes canceled and the starter turns up less Idle speed)) the starter can more easily with regard to its strength rating (weaker) than usual starters, so that weight and Cost advantages arise.
Da die Steuerelektronik für den Startvorgang als autonome Einheit, die beispielsweise nachgerüstet werden kann und abwärtskompatibel ist, ausgelegt ist, gehört mit zur Erfindung eine Steuerelektronik, wie sie oben und im folgenden beschrieben ist.Since the control electronics for the starting process as an autonomous unit, for example can be retrofitted and is downward compatible, designed, belongs to the Invention control electronics, as described above and below.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von Zeichnungen näher beschrieben.The invention is described below with reference to drawings.
Es zeigen
Figur 1- einen Anlasser, wie er in einem Kraftfahrzeug angeschlossen ist;
Figur 2- eine Strom-Drehzahl-Kurve des Anlassers; und
Figur 3- eine typische Starterkennlinie.
- Figure 1
- a starter as connected in a motor vehicle;
- Figure 2
- a current-speed curve of the starter; and
- Figure 3
- a typical starter characteristic.
In Figur 3 sind die allgemeinen Kennlinien eines Anlassermotors 2 (ein Elektromotor)
dargestellt, wobei die Kennlinien bis zum Stillstand des Anlassermotors unter Last
aufgezeichnet sind. Bei dem Anlassermotor 2 (Starter) handelt es sich um eine 12 V,
1,8 kW Ausführung. Im gewöhnlichen Starterbetrieb wird der Anlassermotor nur über
ca. die linke Hälfte seines Kennlinienbereiches, d. h. bis etwa 500 bis 700 A betrieben.
Der übliche Arbeitsbereich 20 des Starters liegt zwischen 300 und 500 A, der
Leerlaufbereich 10 liegt um 100 A. Dazwischen (ca. 150 A bis 300 A) liegt ein Bereich
30, der bei einem Betrieb des Startermotors zwar durchschritten wird, dies aber in einer
verhältnismäßig kurzen Zeit, die der Motor braucht, um auf die Leerlaufdrehzahl
hochzudrehen Mit der Abhängigkeit der Stromaufnahme zu dem dem Startermotor
abverlangten Drehmoment M und dem Bereich 30 stehen zwei Mittel zur Verfügung, den
Startvorgang einer Brennkraftmaschine sicher zu erkennen: mit dem schwankenden
Drehmoment beim Drehen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine schwankt gleichermaßen
auch der Strom und beim Übergang des Startermotors von seinem Arbeitsbereich 20 in
seinen Leerlaufbereich 10 tritt in verhältnismäßig kurzer Zeit eine deutliche
Stromabnahme auf. Prinzipiell könnte auch statt des Stromes die abnehmende Spannung
U oder auch die abgegebene Leistung P herangezogen werden, die abgegebene Leistung
P läßt sich jedoch meßtechnisch nur aufwendig erfassen und bei der Verwendung der
Spannung U hat es sich gezeigt, daß durch die Einflüsse anderer Aggregate
Spannungsänderungen, insbesondere auch temperaturabhängig, auftreten, die ein
Erkennen des Anspringens der Brennkraftmaschine verhindern oder vortäuschen können.FIG. 3 shows the general characteristic curves of a starter motor 2 (an electric motor), the characteristic curves being recorded until the starter motor comes to a standstill under load. The starter motor 2 (starter) is a 12 V, 1.8 kW version. In normal starter operation, the starter motor is only operated over approximately the left half of its characteristic range, ie up to approximately 500 to 700 A. The
Ein solcher Startermotor 2 mit einer zugehörigen Überwachungselektronik
(Steuerelektronik) 3 und einem Magnetschalter 4 bildet einen Anlasser 1 für eine (nicht
dargestellte) Verbrennungskraftmaschine, wie sie beispielsweise in Kraftfahrzeugen zum
Einsatz kommt. Weiterhin sind in Figur 1 noch typische Elemente dargestellt, wie sie
beim Betrieb des Anlassers 1 bzw. der Brennkraftmaschine zum Einsatz kommen. Von
einer Batterie 5 ist eine Masseleitung 6 mit einem Generator 7 verbunden, der beim
Betrieb der Verbrennungskraftmaschine der üblichen Stromversorgung (incl. Laden der
Batterie 5) dient. Die Plusleitung der Batterie ist mit einem Zündanlaßschloß 8
verbunden, von dem eine Klemme 50 bei einer Betätigung des Zündanlaßschlosses 8 (+)
spannungsführend ist. Die Klemme 50 ist mit einer Klemme 50a der
Überwachungselektronik verbunden, deren Schaltelement 9 beim Schließen des
Zündanlaßschlosses 8 von der Klemme 50a auf Durchgang zu einer Klemme 50b
geschaltet ist. Die Klemme 50b versorgt den Magnetschalter 4 (ein Relais) mit
Spannung, so daß dieser zwischen seinen Klemmen 30 und 45 auf Durchgang schaltet.
Das Durchschalten erfolgt mittels einer Magnetschalterbrücke 15, die die Klemme 30 mit
der Klemme 45 verbindet. Von der Klemme 30, die fest mit der Plusleitung der Batterie 5
verbunden ist, wird nun der Stromkreis über eine Leitung 11 zu dem Startermotor 2 hin
geschlossen, so daß über die Masse des Startermotors dieser mit der Batteriespannung
verbunden ist (abgesehen von Spannungsabfällen in den Leitungen bzw. der
Magnetschalterbrücke 15). Der Startermotor 2 gelangt hierdurch in Eingriff mit der
Brennkraftmaschine und dreht gemeinsam mit dieser hoch, wobei, wie in Figur 2
dargestellt, über die Zeit t der durch den Startermotor 2 fließende Strom
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19652722 | 1996-12-18 | ||
DE19652722 | 1996-12-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0849467A1 true EP0849467A1 (en) | 1998-06-24 |
EP0849467B1 EP0849467B1 (en) | 2003-05-14 |
Family
ID=7815164
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97121807A Expired - Lifetime EP0849467B1 (en) | 1996-12-18 | 1997-12-11 | Starter with electronic engine start detection |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0849467B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59710081D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2197290T3 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0980975A1 (en) * | 1998-08-20 | 2000-02-23 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for starting an internal combustion engine |
DE10021154C1 (en) * | 2000-04-29 | 2001-08-09 | Audi Ag | Device and method for starting an internal combustion engine |
DE10021153A1 (en) * | 2000-04-29 | 2001-11-15 | Audi Ag | Control unit for radiator fan has engine compartment flushing device that flushes compartment by activating radiator fan if temperature detected as is high enough to require it |
DE10210537A1 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2003-09-18 | Volkswagen Ag | Combustion engine starter has starter switch close to battery, trigger element connected to ignition-starter switch and connecting line only carrying current during starting process |
FR2838778A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-10-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Detection method for end of starting operation for vehicle engine by comparing operating variable to pre-given threshold, detecting end of operation start when operating variable reaches or exceeds threshold value |
DE102004029895A1 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2006-01-19 | Volkswagen Ag | Start-up process and assembly for automobile engine with pre-programmed electrical control system |
DE10154724B4 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2006-06-01 | Ford Motor Co., Dearborn | Vehicle with hybrid drive system |
EP2317101A1 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-04 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Method and system of engine start control |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007009872A1 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for identifying tow start operation of internal combustion engine in motor vehicle, involves detecting signal which represents activity or inactivity of starter unit of internal combustion engine |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60175765A (en) * | 1984-02-21 | 1985-09-09 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | Overrun preventer for starter |
JPS61192849A (en) * | 1985-02-20 | 1986-08-27 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Starter for diesel engine |
FR2699607A1 (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-06-24 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Control circuit of a motor vehicle starter. |
US5345901A (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1994-09-13 | Carrier Corporation | Starter motor protection system |
DE19503537A1 (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Control circuit for motor vehicle IC engine starter motor |
-
1997
- 1997-12-11 ES ES97121807T patent/ES2197290T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-11 DE DE59710081T patent/DE59710081D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-11 EP EP97121807A patent/EP0849467B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60175765A (en) * | 1984-02-21 | 1985-09-09 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | Overrun preventer for starter |
JPS61192849A (en) * | 1985-02-20 | 1986-08-27 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Starter for diesel engine |
FR2699607A1 (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-06-24 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Control circuit of a motor vehicle starter. |
US5345901A (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1994-09-13 | Carrier Corporation | Starter motor protection system |
DE19503537A1 (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Control circuit for motor vehicle IC engine starter motor |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 010, no. 014 (M - 447) 21 January 1986 (1986-01-21) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 016 (M - 554) 16 January 1987 (1987-01-16) * |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0980975A1 (en) * | 1998-08-20 | 2000-02-23 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for starting an internal combustion engine |
DE19837782A1 (en) * | 1998-08-20 | 2000-02-24 | Volkswagen Ag | Method and device for starting an internal combustion engine |
DE10021154C1 (en) * | 2000-04-29 | 2001-08-09 | Audi Ag | Device and method for starting an internal combustion engine |
DE10021153A1 (en) * | 2000-04-29 | 2001-11-15 | Audi Ag | Control unit for radiator fan has engine compartment flushing device that flushes compartment by activating radiator fan if temperature detected as is high enough to require it |
DE10021153C2 (en) * | 2000-04-29 | 2002-05-02 | Audi Ag | Device and method for starting an internal combustion engine |
DE10154724B4 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2006-06-01 | Ford Motor Co., Dearborn | Vehicle with hybrid drive system |
DE10210537A1 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2003-09-18 | Volkswagen Ag | Combustion engine starter has starter switch close to battery, trigger element connected to ignition-starter switch and connecting line only carrying current during starting process |
FR2838778A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-10-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Detection method for end of starting operation for vehicle engine by comparing operating variable to pre-given threshold, detecting end of operation start when operating variable reaches or exceeds threshold value |
DE102004029895A1 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2006-01-19 | Volkswagen Ag | Start-up process and assembly for automobile engine with pre-programmed electrical control system |
DE102004029895B4 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2014-03-13 | Volkswagen Ag | Device and method for controlling the starting process in a motor vehicle |
EP2317101A1 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-04 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Method and system of engine start control |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0849467B1 (en) | 2003-05-14 |
ES2197290T3 (en) | 2004-01-01 |
DE59710081D1 (en) | 2003-06-18 |
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