EP0847678A1 - Panel-form microphones - Google Patents
Panel-form microphonesInfo
- Publication number
- EP0847678A1 EP0847678A1 EP96929397A EP96929397A EP0847678A1 EP 0847678 A1 EP0847678 A1 EP 0847678A1 EP 96929397 A EP96929397 A EP 96929397A EP 96929397 A EP96929397 A EP 96929397A EP 0847678 A1 EP0847678 A1 EP 0847678A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- transducer
- acoustic
- form microphone
- microphone according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003462 Bender reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C#N MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDVVMCZRFWMZSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N captan Chemical compound C1C=CCC2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C(=O)C21 LDVVMCZRFWMZSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 card Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011101 paper laminate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
- H04R7/045—Plane diaphragms using the distributed mode principle, i.e. whereby the acoustic radiation is emanated from uniformly distributed free bending wave vibration induced in a stiff panel and not from pistonic motion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
- B42D15/02—Postcards; Greeting, menu, business or like cards; Letter cards or letter-sheets
- B42D15/022—Postcards; Greeting, menu, business or like cards; Letter cards or letter-sheets combined with permanently fastened sound-producing or light-emitting means or carrying sound records
Definitions
- the invention relates to microphones and more particularly to microphones comprising panel-form acoustic elements.
- a panel-form loudspeaker comprising:- a resonant multi-mode radiator element being a unitary sandwich panel formed of two skins of material with a spacing core of transverse cellular construction, wherein the panel is such as to have ratio of bending stiffness (B) , in all orientations, to the cube power of panel mass per unit surface area ( ⁇ ) of at least 10; a mounting means which supports the panel or attaches to it a supporting body, in a free undamped manner; and an electro-mechanical drive means coupled to the panel which serves to excite a multi-modal resonance in the radiator panel in response to an electrical input within a working frequency band for the loudspeaker.
- B bending stiffness
- ⁇ cube power of panel mass per unit surface area
- Embodiments of the present invention use members of nature, structure and configuration achievable generally and/or specifically by implementing teachings of our co- pending PCT application no. (our case P.5711) of even date herewith.
- Such members thus have capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in operative area(s) extending transversely of thickness often but not necessarily to edges of the member(s); are configured with or without anisotropy of bending stiffness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said area(s) beneficially for acoustic coupling with ambient air; and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means, particularly operationally active or moving part(s) thereof effective in relation to acoustic vibrational activity in said area(s) and signals, usually electrical, corresponding to acoustic content of such vibrational activity.
- This invention is particularly concerned with active acoustic devices in the form of microphones.
- the invention is a panel-form microphone characterised by a distributed mode acoustic member and a transducer coupled wholly and exclusively to the member to produce a signal in response to resonance of the member due to incident acoustic energy.
- the member may be mounted in a surrounding frame by means of an interposed resilient support.
- the panel-form microphone may be at least two said transducers at spaced locations on the member.
- the panel- form microphone may comprise a further transducer on the member to produce a signal in response to resonance of the member due to incident acoustic energy, and by means for comparing the signal generated by the said further transducer with that of those generated by the said transducer(s) .
- the comparison means may comprise a signal receiver and conditioner and signal output means.
- the distributed mode acoustic member may be a stiff lightweight panel having a cellular core sandwiched between skins.
- the or each transducer may be a piezo-electric device.
- Figure 1 is a diagram showing a distributed-mode loudspeaker as described and claimed in our co-pending International application No... (our case P.5711);
- Figure 2a is a partial section on the line A-A of Figure 1;
- Figure 2b_ is an enlarged cross-section through a distributed mode radiator of the kind shown in Figure 2a. and showing two alternative constructions;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of an embodiment of distributed- mode microphone according to the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of a vibration transducer. BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- a panel-form loudspeaker (81) of the kind described and claimed in our co-pending International application (our case P.5711) of even date herewith comprising a rectangular frame (1) carrying a resilient suspension (3) round its inner periphery which supports a distributed mode sound radiating panel (2).
- the transducer (9) is driven by a signal amplifier (10), e.g. an audio amplifier, connected to the transducer by conductors (28).
- FIGS 2a and 2b are partial typical cross-sections through the loudspeaker (81) of Figure 1.
- Figure 2a shows that the frame (1), surround (3) and panel (2) are connected together by respective adhesive-bonded joints (20) .
- Suitable materials for the frame include lightweight framing, e.g. picture framing of extruded metal e.g. aluminium alloy or plastics.
- Suitable surround materials include resilient materials such as foam rubber and foam plastics.
- Suitable adhesives for the joints (20) include epoxy, acrylic and cyano-acrylate etc. adhesives.
- Figure 2b illustrates, to an enlarged scale, that the panel (2) is a rigid lightweight panel having a core (22) e.g. of a rigid plastics foam (97) e.g. cross linked polyvinylchloride or a cellular matrix (98) i.e. a honeycomb matrix of metal foil, plastics or the like, with the cells extending transversely to the plane of the panel, and enclosed by opposed skins (21) e.g. of paper, card, plastics or metal foil or sheet. Where the skins are of plastics, they may be reinforced with fibres e.g. of carbon, glass, Kevlar or the like in a manner known per se to increase their modulus.
- a core e.g. of a rigid plastics foam (97) e.g. cross linked polyvinylchloride or a cellular matrix (98) i.e. a honeycomb matrix of metal foil, plastics or the like, with the cells extending transversely to the plane of the panel, and enclosed by
- Envisaged skin layer materials and reinforcements thus include carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM) i.e. aramid etc. fibres in various lays and weaves, as well as paper, bonded paper laminates, melamine, and various synthetic plastics films of high modulus, such as Mylar (RTM) , Kaptan (RTM) , polycarbonate, phenolic, polyester or related plastics, and fibre reinforced plastics, etc. and metal sheet or foil.
- Investigation of the Vectra grade of liquid crystal polymer thermoplastics shows that they may be useful for the injection moulding of ultra thin skins or shells of smaller size, say up to around 30cm diameter. This material self forms an orientated crystal structure in the direction of injection, a preferred orientation for the good propagation of treble energy from the driving point to the panel perimeter.
- thermoplastics allow for the mould tooling to carry location and registration features such as grooves or rings for the accurate location of transducer parts e.g. the motor coil, and the magnet suspension. Additional with some weaker core materials it is calculated that it would be advantageous to increase the skin thickness locally e.g. in an area or annulus up to 150% of the transducer diameter, to reinforce that area and beneficially couple vibration energy into the panel. High frequency response will be improved with the softer foam materials by this means.
- Envisaged core layer materials include fabricated honeycombs or corrugations of aluminium alloy sheet or foil, or Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM), plain or bonded papers, and various synthetic plastics films, as well as expanded or foamed plastics or pulp materials, even aerogel metals if of suitably low density.
- Some suitable core layer materials effectively exhibit usable self-skinning in their manufacture and/or otherwise have enough inherent stiffness for use without lamination between skin layers.
- a high performance cellular core material is known under the trade name 'Rohacell' which may be suitable as a radiator panel and which is without skins. In practical terras, the aim is for an overall lightness and stiffness suited to a particular purpose, specifically including optimising contributions from core and skin layers and transitions between them.
- piezo and electro dynamic transducers have negligible electromagnetic radiation or stray magnet fields.
- Conventional speakers have a large magnetic field, up to 1 metre distant unless specific compensation counter measures are taken.
- electrical connection can be made to the conductive parts of an appropriate DML panel or an electrically conductive foam or similar interface may be used for the edge mounting.
- the suspension (3) may damp the edges of the panel (2) to prevent excessive edge movement of the panel. Additionally or alternatively, further damping may be applied, e.g. as patches, bonded to the panel in selected positions to damp excessive movement to distribute resonance equally over the panel.
- the patches may be of bitumen-based material, as commonly used in conventional loudspeaker enclosures or may be of a resilient or rigid polymeric sheet material. Some materials, notably paper and card, and some cores may be self-damping. Where desired, the damping may be increased in the construction of the panels by employing resiliently setting, rather than rigid setting adhesives.
- Effective said selective damping includes specific application to the panel including its sheet material of means permanently associated therewith. Edges and corners can be particularly significant for dominant and less dispersed low frequency vibration modes of panels hereof. Edge-wise fixing of damping means can usefully lead to a panel with its said sheet material fully framed, though their corners can often be relatively free, say for desired extension to lower frequency operation. Attachment can be by adhesive or self-adhesive materials. Other forms of useful damping, particularly in terms of more subtle effects and/or mid- and higher frequencies can be by way of suitable mass or masses affixed to the sheet material at predetermined effective medial localised positions of said area.
- a panel as described above is a good receiver of sound which appears as acoustic vibration over the panel.
- a preferably lightweight panel structure aids sensitivity and the vibration may be sensed by one and preferably more simple bending transducers e.g. of the piezo variety as described in Figure 4 below.
- a plurality of transducers and transducer placement positions optimises the quality of coupling from the distributed panel vibrations to the desired electrical output signal. Placement should be in position(s) of high modal density, inboard of the panel, while the panel itself should have the preferred actual or equivalent geometry for good modal distribution.
- Sound energy incident on the panel is converted into free mode vibration.
- This vibration may be sensed by optical or electrodynamic vibration transducers and the result is a microphone.
- optical or electrodynamic vibration transducers For non-critical applications a single sensor is effective, placed at an equivalent, optimised driving point.
- the non reciprocal nature of the transduction principle must be considered. Two factors are pertinent; firstly, some frequency dependent equalisation to reach a flat frequency response, and secondly, the need to capture a broader sampling of the complex vibrations of the acoustic panel.
- a minimum of three transducers is indicated; they may be inexpensive piezo electric benders with their outputs connected in parallel. Alternatively larger area polymer piezo films may be applied, with suitable geometric pickup patterning to define the vibration integration areas for the required optimisation of sensitivity versus frequency response.
- the panel be light to provide the best match between the radiation impedance of the air and the panel. Higher sensitivity is achieved with lower mass panels.
- the calculations for the theoretical model indicates an optimal location at a panel corner since all vibrational modes are 'voiced' at the corners.
- FIG 3 illustrates a distributed mode panel (2) according to the present invention e.g. of the kind shown in Figures 1 and 2, intended for use as a sound receiver or microphone.
- the panel (2) is mounted in a surrounding frame (1) and is attached to the frame via a resilient suspension (3) in the manner shown in Figures 1 and 2.
- the frame is suspended on a pair of wires (33), e.g. from a ceiling or on a floor standing frame (not shown) .
- the panel carries an array of four vibration transducers (63) spaced over the panel and which may be piezo-electric transducers of the kind shown in Figure 4 below which are coupled in parallel to drive a signal receiver and conditioner (65) connected to an output (66) .
- FIG. 4 shows a transducer (9) for a distributed mode panel (2) in the form of a crystalline disc-like piezo bender (27) mounted on a disc (118), e.g. of brass, which is bonded to a face of the panel (2), e.g. by an adhesive bond (20) .
- a transducer (9) for a distributed mode panel (2) in the form of a crystalline disc-like piezo bender (27) mounted on a disc (118), e.g. of brass, which is bonded to a face of the panel (2), e.g. by an adhesive bond (20) .
- a transducer (9) via leads (28) will cause the piezo disc
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
- Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9517918 | 1995-09-02 | ||
GBGB9517918.0A GB9517918D0 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1995-09-02 | Acoustic device |
GBGB9522281.6A GB9522281D0 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1995-10-31 | Acoustic device |
GB9522281 | 1995-10-31 | ||
GBGB9606836.6A GB9606836D0 (en) | 1996-03-30 | 1996-03-30 | Acoustic device |
GB9606836 | 1996-03-30 | ||
PCT/GB1996/002155 WO1997009862A1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Panel-form microphones |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0847678A1 true EP0847678A1 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
EP0847678B1 EP0847678B1 (en) | 1999-04-21 |
Family
ID=34865243
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96929397A Expired - Lifetime EP0847678B1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Panel-form microphones |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0847678B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11512254A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1195463A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE179297T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU703058B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2230449A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69602204T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0847678T3 (en) |
EA (1) | EA000640B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2132952T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1008652A1 (en) |
RO (1) | RO119057B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997009862A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014023715A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2014-02-13 | Hst S.R.L. | Alarm system with objects operating both as sensors and as actuators |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19757097B4 (en) * | 1997-12-20 | 2004-04-15 | Harman Audio Electronic Systems Gmbh | Sound reproduction device |
AU756783B2 (en) | 1998-06-22 | 2003-01-23 | Slab Technology Limited | Loudspeakers |
DE19943084A1 (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-04-05 | Harman Audio Electronic Sys | Sound transducer |
US10158337B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US11431312B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2022-08-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US8284955B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2012-10-09 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US10848118B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2020-11-24 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
DE602005006601D1 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2008-06-19 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | DISPLAY DEVICE WITH A PANEL ACOUSTIC TRANSFORMER AND TRANSPARENT PANEL ACOUSTIC CONVERTER |
JP2007116422A (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2007-05-10 | Sony Corp | Audio output device and method |
US10069471B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2018-09-04 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US11202161B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2021-12-14 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
US10701505B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2020-06-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
US9615189B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2017-04-04 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Artificial ear apparatus and associated methods for generating a head related audio transfer function |
US10848867B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2020-11-24 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US9883318B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2018-01-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for stereo field enhancement in two-channel audio systems |
US9264004B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2016-02-16 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for narrow bandwidth digital signal processing |
US9906858B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2018-02-27 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US9615813B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2017-04-11 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. | Device for wide-band auscultation |
US10820883B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2020-11-03 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Noise reduction assembly for auscultation of a body |
US10639000B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2020-05-05 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Device for wide-band auscultation |
US9564146B2 (en) | 2014-08-01 | 2017-02-07 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing in deep diving environment |
CN114815486B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2023-12-29 | 图像影院国际有限公司 | Method and system for vibrating screen |
US9638672B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2017-05-02 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for acquiring acoustic information from a resonating body |
JP2018537910A (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2018-12-20 | ボンジョビ アコースティックス リミテッド ライアビリティー カンパニー | Surface acoustic transducer |
US9621994B1 (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2017-04-11 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Surface acoustic transducer |
CN112236812A (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2021-01-15 | 邦吉欧维声学有限公司 | Audio-enhanced hearing protection system |
US10959035B2 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2021-03-23 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3247925A (en) * | 1962-03-08 | 1966-04-26 | Lord Corp | Loudspeaker |
JPS5541066A (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1980-03-22 | Sony Corp | Diaphragm for electroacoustic converter |
SE443483B (en) * | 1983-01-14 | 1986-02-24 | Gustav Georg Arne Bolin | RECEIVER MAGNETIC FOR SOUND WAVES CONSISTING OF A RESONANCE DISC AND ANTICULAR CAUSED BY THE SOUND MOVES REACTING PIEZOELECTRIC MICROPHONE TYPE MICROPHONE |
US4751419A (en) * | 1986-12-10 | 1988-06-14 | Nitto Incorporated | Piezoelectric oscillation assembly including several individual piezoelectric oscillation devices having a common oscillation plate member |
WO1992003024A1 (en) * | 1990-08-04 | 1992-02-20 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Panel-form loudspeaker |
-
1996
- 1996-09-02 ES ES96929397T patent/ES2132952T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-02 CN CN96196703.XA patent/CN1195463A/en active Pending
- 1996-09-02 AT AT96929397T patent/ATE179297T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-02 RO RO98-00643A patent/RO119057B1/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 CA CA002230449A patent/CA2230449A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-09-02 AU AU68812/96A patent/AU703058B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-09-02 EA EA199800262A patent/EA000640B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-02 DK DK96929397T patent/DK0847678T3/en active
- 1996-09-02 EP EP96929397A patent/EP0847678B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-02 WO PCT/GB1996/002155 patent/WO1997009862A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-09-02 DE DE69602204T patent/DE69602204T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-02 JP JP9510956A patent/JPH11512254A/en active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-07-28 HK HK98109458A patent/HK1008652A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9709862A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014023715A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2014-02-13 | Hst S.R.L. | Alarm system with objects operating both as sensors and as actuators |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE179297T1 (en) | 1999-05-15 |
CN1195463A (en) | 1998-10-07 |
EA199800262A1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
RO119057B1 (en) | 2004-02-27 |
EP0847678B1 (en) | 1999-04-21 |
CA2230449A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
EA000640B1 (en) | 1999-12-29 |
WO1997009862A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
HK1008652A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
DE69602204T2 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
JPH11512254A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
AU6881296A (en) | 1997-03-27 |
DK0847678T3 (en) | 1999-10-25 |
DE69602204D1 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
ES2132952T3 (en) | 1999-08-16 |
AU703058B2 (en) | 1999-03-11 |
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