EP0846505A2 - Procédé de forgeage en matrices fermées et presse à forger rotative - Google Patents

Procédé de forgeage en matrices fermées et presse à forger rotative Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0846505A2
EP0846505A2 EP97121484A EP97121484A EP0846505A2 EP 0846505 A2 EP0846505 A2 EP 0846505A2 EP 97121484 A EP97121484 A EP 97121484A EP 97121484 A EP97121484 A EP 97121484A EP 0846505 A2 EP0846505 A2 EP 0846505A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forging
workpiece
press
die
segments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97121484A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0846505A3 (fr
Inventor
Hugo E. Delgado
Timothy E. Howson
Jack M. Hyzak
Paul D. Antaya
Thomas F. Doherty
Paul J. Gargolinski
Peter R. Jepson
Martin M. Morra
James E. Shannon, Iii
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wyman Gordon Co
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Wyman Gordon Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wyman Gordon Co filed Critical Wyman Gordon Co
Publication of EP0846505A2 publication Critical patent/EP0846505A2/fr
Publication of EP0846505A3 publication Critical patent/EP0846505A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/32—Making machine elements wheels; discs discs, e.g. disc wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/008—Incremental forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a forging method for generally axisymmetric articles and to a forging press wherein generally axisymmetric articles are forged in an incremental fashion.
  • a workpiece is compressed between two or more forging dies by a machine termed a forging press.
  • the workpiece plastically deforms to a new shape determined by the shapes of the forging dies and the amount of compression.
  • the forging may be accomplished in a single press stroke, or there may be multiple press strokes to gradually deform the workpiece to the required final shape of the article.
  • the forging operation thins the workpiece in the direction of force application and causes it to enlarge in the perpendicular plane.
  • the workpiece is thereby deformed to the final forged shape.
  • the final forged shape must be distinguished from the final article shape, because in general it is not possible or desirable to forge the workpiece to precisely the final desired article shape.
  • the degree to which the final forged shape approximates that of the final desired article determines the difficulty of the forging operation to some degree. It is relatively easy to uniformly forge the workpiece over its entire plan view area, termed pancake forging. However, in a typical situation involving a complexly shaped final desired article, pancake forging leaves large amounts of material to be machined away to reach the details of the shape of the final desired article.
  • NNS near-net-shape
  • Forging is used in a wide variety of operations to produce both small and large articles.
  • a forging press To deform the workpiece, a forging press must apply the required force.
  • the production of large articles is particularly challenging because the larger the article, the larger is the required forging force. Consequently, a larger and more expensive forging press is needed to accomplish the forging.
  • NNS forging usually requires greater forging forces, and thence a larger forging press, than pancake forging.
  • a workpiece is forged into an axisymmetric turbine disk for use in a large land-based gas turbine.
  • Such turbine disks are as much as 70-96 inches in diameter or larger. They are made of nickel-base or iron-base superalloys and cannot be forged to a desired near-net-shape geometry even on a press having a capacity of 50,000 tons.
  • the axisymmetric near-net-shape, dimensional, and mechanical property requirements of the final turbine disks are quite stringent. The existing incremental forging techniques for such disks cannot meet these requirements.
  • the present invention fulfills this need, and further provides related advantages.
  • the present invention provides an incremental forging press and technique for producing large, axisymmetric, near-net-shape (NNS) forgings.
  • NPS near-net-shape
  • the shapes, dimensions, and mechanical properties of the forgings are acceptable for precision applications such as final machining to large land-based turbine disks.
  • NPS near-net-shape
  • the required amount of final machining of the article is significantly reduced as compared with prior approaches, resulting in greatly reduced material waste.
  • the latter is important, because a significant part of the cost of the forging is the material cost of the workpiece, which is a nickel-base superalloy. Reducing the amount of material which must be machined away reduces the manufacturing cost of the article.
  • a method of forging a workpiece is operable with a generally axisymmetric, disk-shaped starting workpiece having a plan view area.
  • the method includes first forging the starting workpiece over substantially its entire plan view area, and thereafter incrementally forging the first-forged workpiece to a final forged configuration.
  • the starting workpiece is forged with a (non-incremental) forging die that extends over substantially the entire plan view area.
  • a radially inner portion of the workpiece is forged to about its final forged configuration, but a radially outer portion of the workpiece is not forged to its final forged configuration.
  • the radially outer portion of the workpiece is preferably incrementally forged to its final forged configuration without substantially altering the radially inner portion of the workpiece, although there may be some relatively minor deformation of the radially inner portion of the workpiece in the incremental forging step.
  • the approach of the invention allows the forging of radially larger, substantially axisymmetric articles by closed-die forging than is possible with conventional, non-incremental closed-die forging techniques.
  • a maximum forging capacity of a forging press is defined by the largest size article that may be forged by the forging press using closed-die, non-incremental forging.
  • the use of incremental closed-die forging allows the forging of a larger (but otherwise identical) article using the same press and forging conditions.
  • a method of forging an oversize workpiece comprises the steps of furnishing a forging press having a forging press maximum force capacity sufficient to forge an axisymmetric article of a non-incrementally forged maximum final size by closed-die, non-incremental forging, under a set of forging conditions.
  • the method further includes furnishing an axisymmetric workpiece, and incrementally forging the workpiece by closed die forging in the forging press under the set of forging conditions, to form an incrementally forged article having an incrementally forged final size greater than the non-incrementally forged maximum final size.
  • Size refers to the radial dimension measured outwardly from the axis of symmetry.
  • the incremental forging is preferably closed die incremental forging leading to a near-net-shape final forged shape that closely approximates that of the desired final article but is slightly oversize to permit ultrasonic inspection, removal of material to account for distortion in heat treatment, and final machining.
  • the available incremental open-die forging presses and techniques are not operable in this application to produce a near net shape, and it was therefore necessary to develop a closed-die forging press and technique for forging the axisymmetric, generally disk-shaped workpiece resulting from the first forging step.
  • a forging press comprises a stationary die having a stationary die face, and a movable die having a movable die face in facing-but-spaced-apart relation to the stationary die face along a press axis.
  • the stationary die face may be flat or may be patterned with a pattern that is to be imposed into the facing side of the workpiece.
  • the movable die face comprises abase-level region lying generally in a workpiece plane perpendicular to the press axis, and at least one segment, and preferably exactly three rotationally symmetric segments, raised above the base-level region.
  • Each of the segments comprises an angular segment of a disk having a disk axis parallel to the press axis and having an included segment angle relative to the press axis. Where there is more than one segment, each of the segments is angularly separated from the other segments.
  • the exterior constraint is preferably a circumferentially extending wall, which may be separate from, or integral with, the stationary die.
  • a press mechanism comprises an axial drive operable to move the movable die in a direction parallel to the press axis, and an indexing drive operable to rotate the movable die about the press axis by an indexing rotational angle.
  • the axial movement of the movable die and the rotational movement of the indexing drive are operable only in an alterning fashion when the movable die is in contact with the workpiece, althougt the rotational and axial movements may be concurrent when the movable die is retracted and no longer contacts the workpiece.
  • a forging press comprises a die set comprising a stationary die and a movable die in facing-but-spaced-apart relation to the stationary die along a press axis.
  • the space enclosed by the stationary die, the movable die, and the exterior constraint defines a workpiece volume that receives the workpiece therein.
  • At least one of the stationnary die and the movable die has a raised feature thereon. The same press mechanism as described above is used.
  • these segments deform the portion of the workpiece immediately under each segment so that it flows generally in a radially outwardly direction, although there is typically some local lateral and/or inward flow to fill features defined by the segments. They also produce a deformation state in the portions of the workpiece that are not under the segments to cause that metal to flow.
  • the sides of the segments that transition to the base-level regions on each side of each segment are preferably inclined at a draft angle of from about 45 to about 60 degrees. In the absence of this draft angle, there may be folds or cracks introduced into the facing side of the workpiece which cannot be removed in subsequent forging strokes.
  • a workpiece In operation of the incremental forging a workpiece is placed into the workpiece volume.
  • a first forging stroke of the forging press in the axial direction forges a portion of the workpiece.
  • the force on the forging die is released, and the die is withdrawn.
  • the indexing drive is activated to rotate the movable die about the press axis by an indexing rotational angle, and the axial drive delivers another forging stroke. The process is repeated as necessary to forge the entire workpiece.
  • the present forging press and forging method provide an important advance in the art of the forging of large axisymmetric articles.
  • the forged article has better near-net-shape definition and is larger than could otherwise be produced by an available closed-die forging press capacity.
  • the forged article is forged to a near-net-shape configuration that reduces the overall material and machining requirements and thus the cost of the article.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a preferred approach for practicing the processing aspect of the present invention.
  • a starting workpiece is provided, numeral 80.
  • the starting workpiece may be made of any forgeable metal, such as, for example, steel, an aluminum alloy, an iron-base superalloy, a nickel-base superalloy, or a titanium alloy.
  • the size of the starting workpiece is such that it contains a sufficient volume of metal to form the final forged shape, in locations such that the metal flows toward the final forged shape.
  • the design of the starting workpiece is performed using any available forging metal-flow design technique.
  • an axisymmetric starting workpiece 90 is a cylinder about 31 inches in diameter and about 65-75 inches tall, illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the starting workpiece has a starting plan view area 92, which is the area of the end of the workpiece contacted by the forging die in the first forging step.
  • the starting workpiece is first forged, numeral 82, using conventional, non-incremental forging procedures.
  • the forging die extends over substantially the entire plan view area 92 as deformation proceeds.
  • the forging die may be either a closed die or an open die, but is preferably a closed die.
  • the shape of the forging die in this first forging is primarily flat, although the die may have shape definition near its center portion.
  • the workpiece is deformed toward the final desired shape, with the primary direction of metal flow radially outwardly. There may be multiple forging substeps and reheating of the workpiece within the scope of the first forging operation 82 in order to define the resulting workpiece shape.
  • the die preferably forms the workpiece to about its final shape in a radially inner portion 94 of the workpiece 90, as shown in a defined hub region in Figure 3.
  • a radially outer portion 96 of the workpiece 90 typically deforms to a somewhat-bulbous shape, as illustrated in Figure 3, if the first forging is open die, or to a more constrained shape if the first forging is closed die. It is often not possible to forge the radially outer portion 96 of the workpiece 90 to its final forged shape, because the forging press has insufficient force capacity to cause the metal to flow into the required near-net-shape configuration.
  • the workpiece is incrementally forged by closed-die forging numeral 84.
  • the necessary incremental forging apparatus and technique have not heretofore been available, and an incremental forging apparatus and technique developed by the inventors are discussed subsequently.
  • the forging die contacts only a portion of the plan view area of the workpiece 90. Desirably, most of the forging force is concentrated into circumferential segments of the radially outer portion 96 of the workpiece 90. Relatively little forging force and deformation are applied to the radially inner portion 94, although there may be some forging of the radially inner portion 94.
  • the workpiece 90 has been formed to a near-net-shape article as shown in Figure 4, having the radially inner portion 94 defined primarily in step 82, and the radially outer portion 96 defined primarily in step 84.
  • This approach is preferred, but the present method is operable in other situations such as where step 82 is instrumental in defining the final shape of radially outer portion 96 or where step 84 is instrumental in defining the final shape of the radially inner portion 94.
  • the article in its final shape may thereafter optionally but preferably be heat treated, numeral 86.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a forging press 20 having a stationary die 22 and a movable die 24.
  • the stationary die 22 is illustrated as the bottom die and the movable die 24 is illustrated as the top die, although the reverse arrangement may be used as well it is preferred that the stationary die 22 be on the bottom, as the workpiece rests on the bottom die.
  • the stationary die 22 has a stationary die face 26, and the movable die 24 has a movable die face 28.
  • the stationary die face 26 and the movable die face 28 are in a facing but spaced apart relationship along a press axis 30.
  • the dies 22 and 24 are preferably generally axisymmetric, although their faces may not be axisymmetric and may instead have non-symmetric features thereon.
  • a workpiece 32 is positioned between the dies 22 and 24.
  • a radial exterior constraint in the form of a circumferentially extending wall 34 extends around the periphery of the workpiece 32.
  • the dies 22 and 24, together with the circumferentially extending wall 34, define a fully contained, closed-die workpiece volume 36 in which the workpiece 32 is received.
  • the circumferentially extending wall 34 may be in the form of a separate annular ring or may be integral with the stationary die 22. In the view of Figure 5, prior to starting the forging operation, the workpiece 32 may or may not contact an inwardly facing face 38 of the circumferentially extending wall 34.
  • the workpiece 32 is compressed axially parallel to the press axis 30 and expanded radially by radially outward metal flow to contact the inwardly facing face 38 of the circumferentially extending wall 34, which constrains further radial expansion of the workpiece 32.
  • closed-die forging This forging within a constrained volume is the essence of closed-die forging and results in important advantages over open-die forging.
  • the constraining of the outwardly radial plastic flow of the metal in closed-die forging forces the metal to flow into features defined by the dies and/or the wall.
  • open-die forging on the other hand, the outwardly radial plastic flow of the metal is unconstrained so that the metal being forged, following the path of least resistance, flows radially outwardly and does not flow into features defined by the dies that are necessary to produce near-net-shape articles.
  • closed-die forging achieves results not possible with open-die forging, including the fabrication of near-net-shape articles having surface features defined by the forging dies.
  • Figure 6 shows the dies 22 and 24, the circumferentially extending wall 34, and the workpiece 32, in exploded perspective view.
  • the movable die 24 is movable parallel to the press axis 30 and toward the fixed die 22 in a forging stroke, as indicated by an axial arrow 40 in Figure 5, and also is rotatable in an indexing fashion around the press axis 30, as indicated by a rotational arrow 42. (The movable die is also movable in the opposite directions as well.) Only one of the movements in the forging-stroke direction 40 and the rotational direction 42 may be accomplished at one time when the movable die 24 contacts the workpiece 32,so that the movements are alternating in a manner to be discussed subsequently. When the movable die 24 is retracted and not in contact with the workpiece 32, both axial and rotational movements may be accomplished simultaneously. The movable die 24 is moved by a press mechanism 44 which provides these two degrees of movement 40 and 42, a preferred form of which will be discussed subsequently.
  • the stationary die face 26 may be substantially flat. It may instead have a pattern of features thereon.
  • the flat or patterned character of the stationary die face 26 is impressed upon the facing side of the workpiece 32 (the bottom side of the workpiece in the drawings) during the forging operation.
  • the movable die face 28 has two types of features thereon, arranged circumferentially. These features may be seen in Figures 5-8.
  • One of the features is at least one, preferably at least three, and most preferably exactly three, fan-shaped base-level regions 46 that are substantially flat and lie generally parallel to a workpiece plane 48 perpendicular to the press axis 30.
  • the other of the features is an equal number of fan-shaped segments 50 which are flat or patterned on their upper surfaces 52 and also lie parallel to the workpiece plane 48.
  • a plane 54 of the segment upper surfaces 52 is longitudinally displaced along the press axis 30, toward the stationary die face 26, from a plane 56 of the base level regions 46. Stated alternatively, the segments 50 are raised above the base level regions 46.
  • the number of base level regions 46 is exactly the same as the number of segments 50.
  • the segments 50 There must be at least one of the segments 50. If there is more than one segment 50, the segments are preferably arranged symmetrically with the equal number of base level regions 46 on the face of the movable die, That is, if there are two, three, four, or more segments 50, they should be axisymmetrically arranged when viewed in a plan view to minimize asymmetric loading of the forging press. If there are fewer than three segments 50, there is a concern that the loads on the segments will be too high and that the press will become asymmetrically loaded. For very large capacity presses such as the 50,000 ton press used by the present inventors, considerations of asymmetric loading are important for achieving the desired configuration and structure of the article, for the stability and longevity of the machinery, and for the safety of workers.
  • the segments increasingly subtend a relatively narrow circumferential angle. They therefore tend to act more in the manner of cookie cutters that bite into the metal rather than deform the metal by forging, resulting in ineffective flow of the workpiece.
  • the segments 50 are symmetrically spaced around the movable die face 28, with individual segments 50 subtending a segment angle A.
  • One of the base-level regions 46 is positioned between each of the segments 50, and subtends a base-level region angle C.
  • the total of the multiple segment angles A, summed for the segments 50, plus the total of the multiple base-level region angles C, summed for the base-level regions 46, is 360 degrees.
  • the included segment angle A is preferably from about 45 to about 65 degrees. If A is substantially smaller, the die tends to "dive" into the workpiece with the cookie-cutter effect mentioned above. If A is substantially larger, the die becomes more similar to a conventional flat or contoured die and there is little press-capacity leveraging effect of the incremental forging process.
  • the angle C is defined by the angle A and the number of segments 50.
  • the geometry of the segments 50 is illustrated in Figures 7 and 8.
  • the segments 50 are pie-slice shaped and are, when depicted in plan view as in Figure 7, segments of a circle.
  • the segment 50 includes a sloped segment side 58 extending between the upper surface 52 of the segment 50 and the base-level region 46.
  • the segment sides 58 may also be seen as very narrow slices in the plan view of Figure 7.
  • the segment side 58 is oriented at a draft angle D to the plane 54 of the upper surface 52 of the segment 50.
  • the draft angle D is preferably from about 45 to about 60 degrees. If the draft angle D is substantially smaller than about 45 degrees, the segment angle A is effectively enlarged, and the leveraging effect for press capacity is reduced. If the draft angle D is substantially larger than about 60 degrees, the diving or cookie-cutter effect is observed. Defects such as folds and cracks may be produced in the surface of the workpiece 32 during the incremental forging to be described subsequently. These defects, once introduced, cannot be fully removed during subsequent forging or other operations.
  • the workpiece 32 is placed between the stationary die 22 and the movable die 24.
  • the press mechanism 44 is operated to move the movable die face 28 in the direction 40 toward the stationary die face 26 in a first forging stroke.
  • the workpiece 32 is deformed under the stress states discussed previously.
  • the press mechanism 44 is reversed, withdrawing the movable die 24 away from contact with the workpiece 32.
  • the press mechanism 44 is operated to rotate the movable die 24 by some preselected amount about the press axis 30 in an indexing movement. The amount of rotation is selected in conjunction with the number of segments 50 and the angles A and C, as well as the materials properties, the shape, the required definition, and the size of the workpiece.
  • the amount of rotation in each indexing movement is less than angle A.
  • the indexing rotation is typically from about 40 to about 60 degrees, for the preferred case. In a typical case, where there are three segments 50 and the angle A is 55 degrees, the preferred indexing rotation is about 40 degrees.
  • the angle A is 55 degrees
  • the press indexing rotation is 40 degrees
  • a total of three forging strokes is required to complete one deformation set.
  • Multiple deformation sets may be used for thick forgings or forgings where the strength of the workpiece material is high.
  • the workpiece is normally at elevated temperature during forging, and cools during the forging operation.
  • the workpiece may be reheated as often as necessary during the forging operation in order to reduce its flow stress and also to achieve particular microstructures in the workpiece.
  • the preceding discussion has addressed the incremental forging press in general form applicable to any press-type loading device.
  • the application of interest to the inventors is the forging of large disks for land-based gas turbines from nickel-base superalloys or titanium alloys using a 50,000 ton, closed-die, vertical forging press.
  • the large size of the workpiece and the large forging loads lead to special considerations for the dies and for the press mechanism.
  • an upper bolster 101 is the moving element of the forging press.
  • Bolted to the upper bolster is a base 102, and bolted to the base 102 is a ring 103.
  • a rotating bolster 104 is rotatably held within the ring 103.
  • Atop die adapter 105 is bolted to the rotating bolster 104.
  • Atop die 106 corresponding to the movable die 24 discussed previously, is bolted to the top die adapter 105.
  • the rotating bolster 104 is mounted on a centering pin 108, which allows the rotating bolster 104 to rotate about the press axis 30 and allows the rotating bolster 104 to move up and down within the ring 103.
  • the centering pin 108 prevents the rotating bolster 104 from moving radially with respect to the press axis 30.
  • a lower bolster plate 151 carries a lower die 152, corresponding to the stationary die 22, which includes a bottom die 153 and an annular ring 154.
  • the bottom die 153 and the annular ring 154 form the lower die cavity, with the workpiece 155 resting within the lower die cavity.
  • the use of the featured dies such as the dies 106 and 153 permits the article to be forged to a near net shape by closed-die forging, as illustrated in Figure 11.
  • the profile of a conventional flat pancake forging 160 conventionally prepared by open-die forging with opposing flat dies, is overlaid onto a profile of a near-set-shape forging 162, prepared with relief dies 106 and 153, and the final-machined article 164. In each case, any excess material must be machined away to make the final article.
  • at least some final machining must be performed.
  • the forging of articles such as turbine disks from nickel-base superalloys is typically performed with the workpiece at elevated temperature.
  • the workpiece is heated in an oven to a forging temperature above its solvus temperature and specifically to a forging temperature of about 1825°F.
  • the recrystallized workpiece is transferred to the forging press and forged.
  • the workpiece cools over time to the solvus temperature and then to a temperature below the solvus temperature.
  • the required forging force increases as the workpiece cools and its flow stress increases, but the incremental forging processing allows the forging to proceed.
  • the final incremental forging strokes are preferably performed at a temperature below the solvus at about 1750°F to attain a relatively small grain size of ASTM 3-5.
  • Mettallurgical studies have demonstrated that the metallurgical structures obtained with the incremental forging press and with the procedure such as illustrated in Figure 1 are substantially the same as the structures achieved with conventional forging and heat-treating procedures (but which cannot be successfully performed on the very large workpieces of most interest here).
  • the above discussion is specific to Inconel 706, one of the preferred materials of the inventors for use with the present invention. For other materials other detailed processing may be desirable and is within the scope of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP97121484A 1996-12-06 1997-12-06 Procédé de forgeage en matrices fermées et presse à forger rotative Withdrawn EP0846505A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US33250 1993-03-16
US3325096P 1996-12-06 1996-12-06
US3849397P 1997-02-24 1997-02-24
US38493 1997-02-24
US91980297A 1997-08-29 1997-08-29
US919802 1997-08-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0846505A2 true EP0846505A2 (fr) 1998-06-10
EP0846505A3 EP0846505A3 (fr) 1999-12-08

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EP (1) EP0846505A3 (fr)
CN (1) CN1074692C (fr)
FR (1) FR2756759B1 (fr)

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EP1655089A1 (fr) * 2003-08-11 2006-05-10 Washi Kosan Co., Ltd. Procede de production d'une roue, et roue
CN102172755A (zh) * 2011-03-30 2011-09-07 重庆长征重工有限责任公司 一种提高中高速柴油机连杆表面质量的制造方法

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WO2010145551A1 (fr) * 2009-06-17 2010-12-23 苏州昆仑先进制造技术装备有限公司 Dispositif de formage par extrusion à distribution et procédé de formage par extrusion à distribution
CN101912889B (zh) * 2009-06-17 2013-07-31 苏州昆仑先进制造技术装备有限公司 分布挤压工艺方法及其分布挤压模具
CN101941039B (zh) * 2010-09-15 2011-11-23 中南大学 一种高强铝合金等温变向自由锻方法及装置
CN116274807A (zh) * 2023-03-31 2023-06-23 嘉兴晨人一信仪表有限公司 一种叶轮锻造方法、使用该方法制造的叶轮和离心泵

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WO1995016528A1 (fr) * 1993-12-17 1995-06-22 Wyman-Gordon Company Forgeage par etapes au moyen de matrices segmentees et fermees

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US4286454A (en) * 1978-07-28 1981-09-01 Langenstein & Schemann Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for forging shaft flanges
US4433568A (en) * 1980-05-21 1984-02-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Wako Precision closed-die forging method
JPS61232029A (ja) * 1985-04-05 1986-10-16 Komatsu Ltd 密閉鍛造用の金型装置
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EP1655089A1 (fr) * 2003-08-11 2006-05-10 Washi Kosan Co., Ltd. Procede de production d'une roue, et roue
EP1655089A4 (fr) * 2003-08-11 2007-08-01 Washi Kosan Kk Procede de production d'une roue, et roue
CN102172755A (zh) * 2011-03-30 2011-09-07 重庆长征重工有限责任公司 一种提高中高速柴油机连杆表面质量的制造方法
CN102172755B (zh) * 2011-03-30 2013-05-08 重庆长征重工有限责任公司 一种提高中高速柴油机连杆表面质量的制造方法

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CN1074692C (zh) 2001-11-14
FR2756759B1 (fr) 2001-01-12
EP0846505A3 (fr) 1999-12-08
CN1190608A (zh) 1998-08-19

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