EP0844186A1 - Package for reactive hot-melt adhesive - Google Patents

Package for reactive hot-melt adhesive Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0844186A1
EP0844186A1 EP97402671A EP97402671A EP0844186A1 EP 0844186 A1 EP0844186 A1 EP 0844186A1 EP 97402671 A EP97402671 A EP 97402671A EP 97402671 A EP97402671 A EP 97402671A EP 0844186 A1 EP0844186 A1 EP 0844186A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
adhesive
moisture
packaging
cover
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97402671A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0844186B1 (en
Inventor
Céline Lardoux
Christian Laurichesse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bostik SA
Original Assignee
Ato Findley SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D3/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines
    • B65D3/22—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines with double walls; with walls incorporating air-chambers; with walls made of laminated material

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method of packaging compositions hot-melt adhesives crosslinkable by moisture and adhesive compositions thus obtained.
  • Hot-melt adhesives are generally used in the molten or liquid state and they acquire their adhesive properties by cooling by becoming solid.
  • Crosslinkable hot-melt adhesives in particular those containing isocyanate groups, are widely used to assemble various materials such as wood, plastic, paper or cardboard due to their mechanical strength and their high thermal stability.
  • Such properties are mainly due to the fact that, afterwards on bonding, the reactive groups of the adhesive crosslink by reaction with water.
  • compositions which are called reactants, must be preserved from any premature crosslinking so that they maintain good performance and good homogeneity at the time of bonding.
  • the most common packaging consists of a simple container inside which a flexible barrier film is placed, most often in the form of a bag, said container possibly comprising a cover provided with a seal waterproof.
  • EP-A-661221 it is proposed to pour the adhesive into a container primary in rigid material, the latter being placed in a secondary container of size and shape substantially identical to the first.
  • the free surface of the adhesive is coated with a flexible film having reduced permeability to water vapor, and the whole is closed by a sealed cover.
  • EP-A-469 564 and EP-A-649 718 it is proposed to package one or more several portions of adhesive in a flexible and compatible envelope during fusion, and to place the assembly thus formed in a second package, for example an envelope or container.
  • the first two aforementioned packages require the transfer of the adhesive in the applicator device, which is generally achieved by means a heating plate.
  • the first container there is a risk that the film internal tear or that the entire adhesive cannot be recovered due to film folds formed during filling of the container.
  • the last packaging mentioned requires the implementation of a step of shaping and conditioning the adhesive portion (s) which is relatively more complex and expensive than a simple distribution in the molten state.
  • the present invention provides a new method of packaging reactive hot melt adhesive compositions, more particularly with high power sticky and without substantial shrinkage, which makes it possible to obtain adhesives which can be used directly in a melter.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the packaging used in the method according to the invention: the packaging consists of a container (1) whose wall inner has a non-stick coating (2) and the outer wall is made a moisture-proof material (3), and a cover (4) also moisture proof.
  • FIG. 2 shows an overview of the packaging according to two preferred variants.
  • the wall forming the bottom (6) of the container and the cover (4) consist of a rigid metal plate crimped onto the body of the container.
  • the container body is provided internally a primer (8a) covered by a protection (9) and extended by a tongue (8b).
  • the reactive hot-melt adhesive composition is chosen from among the compositions which can be crosslinked by moisture, preferably with a high tackiness and do not representing substantially no volume contraction after cooling (withdrawal).
  • compositions containing silanes or isocyanates free or in the form of a prepolymer may include diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (lPDl), tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI) and meta-vinyl-benzene isocyanate (m-TMI).
  • MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
  • TDI toluene diisocyanate
  • lPDl isophorone diisocyanate
  • TMXDI tetramethylxylene diisocyanate
  • m-TMI meta-vinyl-benzene isocyanate
  • the packaging consisting of the container (1) and the internal coatings (2) and external (3) generally has a volume compatible with storage and easy handling.
  • This volume can, for example, be between 0.5 and 5 liters, and preferably 1 to 3 liters and better still of the order of two liters.
  • the packaging can have any shape. However it is generally chosen so that the adhesive obtained after removing the packaging has a shape compatible with the melter of the application device. So preferred, the package has a cylindrical shape.
  • the container (1) is generally made of a material sufficiently rigid to allow easy transport and handling.
  • the container is obtained by spiraling and gluing kraft leaves.
  • the nature of the coating (2) can vary depending on the sticky appearance and the reactivity of the adhesive.
  • the coating is generally made of a material which does not adhere to the adhesive.
  • polymers based on silicones or fluorinated compounds such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly-chlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluorinated poly (ethylene-propylene) (FEP) and ethylene-PTFE (ETFE) copolymers.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PCTFE poly-chlorotrifluoroethylene
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • FEP perfluorinated poly (ethylene-propylene)
  • ETFE ethylene-PTFE copolymers.
  • silicones are used.
  • the coating (2) can be implemented from a resin or a varnish. It advantageously has a low permeability to water vapor.
  • the coating (3) is generally chosen from among the materials to be tested moisture, i.e. which is not substantially permeable to water.
  • metal for example aluminum, polymers, or any other material.
  • metal and advantageously aluminum are used.
  • the rigid or flexible cover (4) is generally made of a material to the humidity test as described above.
  • the cover is made of metal.
  • the cover When the cover is flexible, it is advantageously in the form of a lid which can be fixed on the container by thermal sealing in the presence of a varnish. This assembly is advantageously completed with an additional cover covering the cover to protect it from any tears during transport or storage.
  • This cover can be made of metal, plastic or any other material, preferably plastic.
  • the container body has a primer to facilitate opening of the packaging.
  • primer is meant here any means allowing to weaken the container in one or more places to orient the opening.
  • the tongue (8a), arranged inside the container is in contact with the coating (2) and can be fixed indifferently to the bottom (6) or to the cover (4).
  • This tab has a free end (8b) for gripping.
  • the adhesive composition thus packaged can be easily released from its packaging at the time of use by handling the primer and be placed in a melter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A process for the packaging of hot-melt adhesive compositions, cross-linkable by water, involves pouring the molten adhesive directly into a container (1) internally coated with an anti-adherent material (2) and externally with a waterproof material (3). The container has a cap which provides for easy opening and fixing of a waterproof cover on the open end of the container.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé d'emballage de compositions adhésives thermofusibles réticulables par l'humidité et les compositions adhésives ainsi obtenues.The subject of the present invention is a method of packaging compositions hot-melt adhesives crosslinkable by moisture and adhesive compositions thus obtained.

Les adhésifs thermofusibles ("hot-melts" en anglais) sont généralement mis en oeuvre à l'état fondu ou liquide et ils acquièrent leurs propriétés adhésives par refroidissement en devenant solides.Hot-melt adhesives are generally used in the molten or liquid state and they acquire their adhesive properties by cooling by becoming solid.

Les adhésifs thermofusibles réticulables, en particulier ceux renfermant des groupes isocyanates, sont largement utilisés pour assembler des matériaux divers tels que le bois, le plastique, le papier ou le carton du fait de leur résistance mécanique et leur grande stabilité thermique.Crosslinkable hot-melt adhesives, in particular those containing isocyanate groups, are widely used to assemble various materials such as wood, plastic, paper or cardboard due to their mechanical strength and their high thermal stability.

De telles propriétés sont essentiellement dues au fait que, postérieurement au collage, les groupes réactifs de l'adhésif réticulent par réaction avec l'eau.Such properties are mainly due to the fact that, afterwards on bonding, the reactive groups of the adhesive crosslink by reaction with water.

Les compositions précitées, que l'on qualifie de réactives, doivent être préservées de toute réticulation prématurée afin qu'elles conservent une bonne performance et une bonne homogénéité au moment du collage.The aforementioned compositions, which are called reactants, must be preserved from any premature crosslinking so that they maintain good performance and good homogeneity at the time of bonding.

A cette fin, il a été proposé de conditionner de tels adhésifs thermofusibles réactifs dans les emballages suivants :To this end, it has been proposed to package such hot-melt adhesives reagents in the following packaging:

Le conditionnement le plus répandu est constitué d'un conteneur simple à l'intérieur duquel on place un film barrière flexible, le plus souvent sous la forme d'un sac, ledit conteneur pouvant éventuellement comporter un couvercle muni d'un joint étanche à l'eau.The most common packaging consists of a simple container inside which a flexible barrier film is placed, most often in the form of a bag, said container possibly comprising a cover provided with a seal waterproof.

Dans EP-A-661221, on propose de verser l'adhésif dans un conteneur primaire en matériau rigide, ce dernier étant placé dans un conteneur secondaire de taille et de forme sensiblement identique au premier. La surface libre de l'adhésif est revêtue d'un film souple ayant une perméabilité réduite à la vapeur d'eau, et l'ensemble est fermé par un couvercle scellé.In EP-A-661221, it is proposed to pour the adhesive into a container primary in rigid material, the latter being placed in a secondary container of size and shape substantially identical to the first. The free surface of the adhesive is coated with a flexible film having reduced permeability to water vapor, and the whole is closed by a sealed cover.

Dans EP-A-469 564 et EP-A-649 718, on propose d'emballer une ou plusieurs portions d'adhésif dans une enveloppe souple et compatible lors de la fusion, et de placer l'ensemble ainsi formé dans un second emballage, par exemple une enveloppe ou un conteneur.In EP-A-469 564 and EP-A-649 718, it is proposed to package one or more several portions of adhesive in a flexible and compatible envelope during fusion, and to place the assembly thus formed in a second package, for example an envelope or container.

Les emballages qui viennent d'être décrits présentent cependant des inconvénients.The packages which have just been described however have drawbacks.

Les deux premiers conditionnements précités nécessitent le transfert de l'adhésif dans le dispositif applicateur, ce qui est généralement réalisé au moyen d'un plateau chauffant. Avec le premier conteneur, on encourt le risque que le film interne se déchire ou que l'on ne puisse récupérer la totalité de l'adhésif du fait de replis du film formés au moment du remplissage du conteneur.The first two aforementioned packages require the transfer of the adhesive in the applicator device, which is generally achieved by means a heating plate. With the first container, there is a risk that the film internal tear or that the entire adhesive cannot be recovered due to film folds formed during filling of the container.

Le dernier emballage cité nécessite quant à lui la mise en oeuvre d'une étape de mise en forme et de conditionnement de la ou des portions d'adhésif ce qui est relativement plus complexe et coûteux qu'une simple répartition à l'état fondu.The last packaging mentioned requires the implementation of a step of shaping and conditioning the adhesive portion (s) which is relatively more complex and expensive than a simple distribution in the molten state.

La présente invention propose un nouveau procédé d'emballage de compositions adhésives thermofusibles réactives, plus particulièrement à fort pouvoir collant et sans retrait substantiel, qui permet d'obtenir des adhésifs pouvant être utilisés directement dans un fondoir.The present invention provides a new method of packaging reactive hot melt adhesive compositions, more particularly with high power sticky and without substantial shrinkage, which makes it possible to obtain adhesives which can be used directly in a melter.

Ce procédé consiste à :

  • verser la composition adhésive à l'état fondu directement dans un conteneur revêtu intérieurement d'un matériau anti-adhérent et extérieurement d'un matériau à l'épreuve de l'humidité, le corps dudit conteneur étant muni d'au moins une amorce d'ouverture facile,
  • et fixer un couvercle à l'épreuve de l'humidité sur la face libre du conteneur.
This process consists of:
  • pouring the adhesive composition in the molten state directly into a container coated internally with a non-stick material and externally with a moisture-proof material, the body of said container being provided with at least one primer of easy opening,
  • and attach a moisture-proof cover to the free side of the container.

La figure 1 représente une coupe longitudinale de l'emballage utilisé dans le procédé selon l'invention : l'emballage est constitué d'un conteneur (1) dont la paroi interne comporte un revêtement (2) anti-adhérent et la paroi externe est constituée d'un matériau (3) à l'épreuve de l'humidité, et d'un couvercle (4) également à l'épreuve de l'humidité.Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the packaging used in the method according to the invention: the packaging consists of a container (1) whose wall inner has a non-stick coating (2) and the outer wall is made a moisture-proof material (3), and a cover (4) also moisture proof.

La figure 2 représente une vue d'ensemble de l'emballage selon deux variantes préférées.Figure 2 shows an overview of the packaging according to two preferred variants.

Dans la variante a, la paroi formant le fond (6) du conteneur et le couvercle (4) sont constitués d'une plaque métallique rigide sertie sur le corps du conteneur.In variant a, the wall forming the bottom (6) of the container and the cover (4) consist of a rigid metal plate crimped onto the body of the container.

Dans la variante b, seul varie le couvercle (4) qui est constitué d'un opercule fixé sur le conteneur et d'un couvercle protecteur (7).In variant b, only the cover (4) which consists of a cover varies. attached to the container and a protective cover (7).

Dans les variantes a et b, le corps du conteneur est muni intérieurement d'une amorce (8a) recouverte par une protection (9) et prolongée par une languette (8b).In variants a and b, the container body is provided internally a primer (8a) covered by a protection (9) and extended by a tongue (8b).

La composition adhésive thermofusible réactive est choisie parmi les compositions réticulables par l'humidité, de préférence à fort pouvoir collant et ne représentant substantiellement pas de contraction de volume après refroidissement (retrait). A titre d'exemple, on peut citer les compositions contenant des silanes ou des isocyanates libres ou sous la forme d'un prépolymère. A titre d'illustration, on peut citer le diphénylméthane diisocyanate (MDI), le toluène diisocyanate (TDI), l'iso-phorone diisocyanate (lPDl), le tétraméthylxylène diisocyanate (TMXDI) et le méta-vinyl-benzène isocyanate (m-TMI). The reactive hot-melt adhesive composition is chosen from among the compositions which can be crosslinked by moisture, preferably with a high tackiness and do not representing substantially no volume contraction after cooling (withdrawal). By way of example, mention may be made of compositions containing silanes or isocyanates free or in the form of a prepolymer. By way of illustration, we may include diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (lPDl), tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI) and meta-vinyl-benzene isocyanate (m-TMI).

L'emballage constitué du conteneur (1) et des revêtements interne (2) et externe (3) présente généralement un volume compatible avec un stockage et une manipulation aisés. Ce volume peut, par exemple, être compris entre 0,5 et 5 litres, et de préférence 1 à 3 litres et mieux encore de l'ordre de deux litres.The packaging consisting of the container (1) and the internal coatings (2) and external (3) generally has a volume compatible with storage and easy handling. This volume can, for example, be between 0.5 and 5 liters, and preferably 1 to 3 liters and better still of the order of two liters.

L'emballage peut avoir une forme quelconque. Cependant elle est généralement choisie de telle sorte que l'adhésif obtenu après avoir retiré l'emballage présente une forme compatible avec le fondoir du dispositif d'application. De manière préférée, l'emballage a une forme cylindrique.The packaging can have any shape. However it is generally chosen so that the adhesive obtained after removing the packaging has a shape compatible with the melter of the application device. So preferred, the package has a cylindrical shape.

Le conteneur (1) est généralement constitué d'un matériau suffisamment rigide pour permettre un transport et une manipulation aisés.The container (1) is generally made of a material sufficiently rigid to allow easy transport and handling.

A titre d'exemple, on peut citer le papier ou le carton kraft, et les polymères.By way of example, mention may be made of kraft paper or cardboard, and polymers.

De manière avantageuse, le conteneur est obtenu par spiralage et collage de feuilles de kraft.Advantageously, the container is obtained by spiraling and gluing kraft leaves.

La nature du revêtement (2) peut varier en fonction de l'aspect collant et de la réactivité de l'adhésif. Le revêtement est généralement constitué d'un matériau qui n'adhère pas à l'adhésif. A titre d'exemple, on peut citer les polymères à base de silicones ou de composés fluorés tels que le polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE), le poly-chlorotrifluoroéthylène (PCTFE), le polyfluorure de vinylidène (PVDF), le poly(éthylène-propylène)perfluoré (FEP) et les copolymères éthylène-PTFE (ETFE). De préférence, on utilise les silicones.The nature of the coating (2) can vary depending on the sticky appearance and the reactivity of the adhesive. The coating is generally made of a material which does not adhere to the adhesive. By way of example, mention may be made of polymers based on silicones or fluorinated compounds such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly-chlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluorinated poly (ethylene-propylene) (FEP) and ethylene-PTFE (ETFE) copolymers. Preferably, silicones are used.

Le revêtement (2) peut être mis en oeuvre à partir d'une résine ou d'un vernis. Il présente avantageusement une faible perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau.The coating (2) can be implemented from a resin or a varnish. It advantageously has a low permeability to water vapor.

Le revêtement (3) est généralement choisi parmi les matériaux à l'épreuve de l'humidité, c'est-à-dire qui ne sont substantiellement pas perméables à l'eau. A titre d'exemple, on peut citer le métal, par exemple l'aluminium, les polymères, ou tout autre matériau. De préférence, on utilise le métal et avantageusement l'aluminium.The coating (3) is generally chosen from among the materials to be tested moisture, i.e. which is not substantially permeable to water. AT By way of example, mention may be made of metal, for example aluminum, polymers, or any other material. Preferably, metal and advantageously aluminum are used.

Le couvercle (4) rigide ou souple est généralement constitué d'un matériau à l'épreuve de l'humidité tel que décrit précédemment. De préférence le couvercle est en métal.The rigid or flexible cover (4) is generally made of a material to the humidity test as described above. Preferably the cover is made of metal.

Lorsque le couvercle est rigide, il est avantageusement fixé sur le conteneur par sertissage.When the cover is rigid, it is advantageously fixed on the container by crimping.

Lorsque le couvercle est souple, il est avantageusement sous la forme d'un opercule qui peut être fixé sur le conteneur par scellage thermique en présence d'un vernis. Cet assemblage est avantageusement complété d'un couvercle supplémentaire coiffant l'opercule afin de le préserver de toute déchirure au cours du transport ou du stockage. Ce couvercle peut être en métal, en plastique ou toute autre matière, et de préférence en plastique. When the cover is flexible, it is advantageously in the form of a lid which can be fixed on the container by thermal sealing in the presence of a varnish. This assembly is advantageously completed with an additional cover covering the cover to protect it from any tears during transport or storage. This cover can be made of metal, plastic or any other material, preferably plastic.

Le corps du conteneur est muni d'une amorce destinée à faciliter l'ouverture de l'emballage.The container body has a primer to facilitate opening of the packaging.

Par "amorce", on entend ici tout moyen permettant de fragiliser le conteneur en un ou plusieurs endroits afin d'en orienter l'ouverture.By "primer" is meant here any means allowing to weaken the container in one or more places to orient the opening.

A titre d'exemples, on peut utiliser des perforations ou une ou plusieurs languettes, notamment telles que représentées sur la figure 2. La languette (8a), disposée à l'intérieur du conteneur est en contact avec le revêtement (2) et peut être fixée indifféremment au fond (6) ou au couvercle (4). Cette languette possède une extrémité libre (8b) pour la préhension.As examples, one can use perforations or one or more tongues, in particular as shown in FIG. 2. The tongue (8a), arranged inside the container is in contact with the coating (2) and can be fixed indifferently to the bottom (6) or to the cover (4). This tab has a free end (8b) for gripping.

De manière avantageuse, on prévient le collage éventuel de l'adhésif sur la languette (8a) en interposant une protection (9) anti-adhérente.Advantageously, it prevents possible sticking of the adhesive on the tongue (8a) by interposing a non-stick protection (9).

La composition adhésive ainsi emballée peut être aisément libérée de son emballage au moment de l'emploi par manipulation de l'amorce et être placée dans un fondoir.The adhesive composition thus packaged can be easily released from its packaging at the time of use by handling the primer and be placed in a melter.

Claims (6)

Procédé d'emballage de compositions adhésives thermofusibles réticulables par l'humidité, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à : verser la composition adhésive à l'état fondu directement dans un conteneur (1) revêtu intérieurement d'un matériau (2) anti-adhérent et extérieurement d'un matériau (3) à l'épreuve de l'humidité, le corps dudit conteneur étant muni d'au moins une amorce d'ouverture facile, et fixer un couvercle (4) à l'épreuve de l'humidité sur la face libre du conteneur. Process for packaging hot-melt adhesive compositions which can be crosslinked by humidity, characterized in that it consists of: pouring the adhesive composition in the molten state directly into a container (1) coated internally with a non-stick material (2) and externally with a moisture-proof material (3), the body of said container being provided with at least one easy opening primer, and attach a moisture proof cover (4) to the free side of the container. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau (2) est choisi parmi les polymères à base de silicones ou de composés fluorés.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material (2) is chosen from polymers based on silicones or fluorinated compounds. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau (3) est choisi parmi les métaux et les polymères.Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the material (3) is chosen from metals and polymers. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la composition adhésive contient des silanes ou des isocyanates.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the adhesive composition contains silanes or isocyanates. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'adhésif ne présente pas de retrait substantiel.Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the adhesive does not presents no substantial withdrawal. Compositions adhésives thermofusibles réticulables par l'humidité emballées selon le procédé de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5.Packaged moisture crosslinkable adhesive compositions according to the method of any of claims 1 to 5.
EP97402671A 1996-11-22 1997-11-07 Package for reactive hot-melt adhesive Expired - Lifetime EP0844186B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9614298A FR2756258B1 (en) 1996-11-22 1996-11-22 PACKAGING OF REACTIVE HOT MELT ADHESIVES
FR9614298 1996-11-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0844186A1 true EP0844186A1 (en) 1998-05-27
EP0844186B1 EP0844186B1 (en) 2003-02-12

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EP97402671A Expired - Lifetime EP0844186B1 (en) 1996-11-22 1997-11-07 Package for reactive hot-melt adhesive

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5992130A (en)
EP (1) EP0844186B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3327384B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2219845C (en)
DE (1) DE69718992T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2756258B1 (en)

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US5992130A (en) 1999-11-30
DE69718992T2 (en) 2003-11-13
JP3327384B2 (en) 2002-09-24
CA2219845A1 (en) 1998-05-22
FR2756258B1 (en) 1998-12-24
EP0844186B1 (en) 2003-02-12
DE69718992D1 (en) 2003-03-20
CA2219845C (en) 2003-04-08
JPH10157784A (en) 1998-06-16
FR2756258A1 (en) 1998-05-29

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