EP0843039B1 - Steam generator - Google Patents

Steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0843039B1
EP0843039B1 EP97420211A EP97420211A EP0843039B1 EP 0843039 B1 EP0843039 B1 EP 0843039B1 EP 97420211 A EP97420211 A EP 97420211A EP 97420211 A EP97420211 A EP 97420211A EP 0843039 B1 EP0843039 B1 EP 0843039B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
temperature
boiler
slope
steam
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP97420211A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0843039A1 (en
Inventor
Serge Cubizolles
Thierry Gailhard
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SEB SA
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SEB SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • F22B1/284—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water in reservoirs
    • F22B1/285—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water in reservoirs the water being fed by a pump to the reservoirs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F75/00—Hand irons
    • D06F75/08—Hand irons internally heated by electricity
    • D06F75/10—Hand irons internally heated by electricity with means for supplying steam to the article being ironed
    • D06F75/12—Hand irons internally heated by electricity with means for supplying steam to the article being ironed the steam being produced from water supplied to the iron from an external source

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of steam generators for household appliances such as irons, steam cleaners or any other appliance using steam.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the regulation and operation of such a generator. It is already known, for example by through document EP-A-0 438 112 to produce an iron with steam connected to a boiler itself connected to a water tank and to a feed pump for said boiler associated with a non-return valve.
  • This document describes a steam generator which has a water tank, not pressurized, and therefore accessible at any time during operation or use of the iron.
  • the steam generator and in particular the evaporation boiler has means indicating water levels to control the operation of the pump and by consequently the quantity of water brought inside said boiler evaporation.
  • the level indicator is for example produced using a thermostat having a thermal transducer extending inside the boiler evaporation to a predetermined level.
  • the object of the present invention therefore aims to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art and to produce an evaporation boiler whose supply of water is reliably controlled.
  • Another object of the present invention aims to achieve a system of generation of vapor with improved reactivity following a thermal or pressure imbalance, linked to vapor subtraction.
  • Another object of the present invention aims to obtain increased reliability of the steam generation system by avoiding the use of water level detectors whose accuracy is influenced by scaling progressive during aging.
  • An additional object of the present invention aims to obtain better instant image of the operating status of the steam generator for y bring corrective orders.
  • a secondary object of the present invention aims to achieve a steam generator allowing to supply steam by dispensing with significant delays linked to thermal inertia phenomena.
  • a steam generator comprising an evaporation boiler associated with heating elements and supplied with water by a pump, a solenoid valve for steam expulsion, as well as regulating means comprising a temperature or pressure sensor to control the amount of water introduced into the boiler and to control the pump, characterized in that the regulation means are associated with an electronic system to perform successive measurements and activate the pump according to a value of slope of a curve representing the change in temperature or pressure, said slope being analyzed by the electronic system.
  • the steam generator according to the invention for example shown in Figure 1 is associated with an iron 1.
  • the latter is connected to a power supply via a cord 4 and has a button 3 for excitation of a solenoid valve 15, which is used for expelling vapor 2 from the soleplate of the iron 1.
  • the steam generator according to the invention comprises a tank 10 containing the water or the fluid intended for evaporation as well as a pump 11 connected to the reservoir 10 via a first pipe 5.
  • a second line 6 allows water to be transferred via the pump 11 to a boiler 12.
  • the second line 6 comprises advantageously a non-return valve 7 to prevent the fluid under pressure back into the boiler 12 to flow back to the pump 11.
  • the non-return valve 7 can alternatively be integrated into the pump 11.
  • the boiler 12 comprises preferably a metal tank 12a which is heated by elements 13. These are fixed on the metal tank 12a by all means and allow to heat said tank to evaporate the water coming from the tank 10.
  • the metal tank 12a is in intimate thermal connection with a temperature sensor 14 of the thermistor type 14b.
  • This last consists for example of a CTN resistor.
  • FIG. 3 shows for this purpose an enlarged view of the temperature 14.
  • the thermistor 14b is for example deposited on a substrate ceramic 14a which is bonded to the metal tank 12a. Such bonding can be made with any adhesive resistant to high temperatures and achieving good heat transfer.
  • the ceramic substrate 14a is by example consisting of an electrically insulating and heat conducting material of the alumina type, having a thickness of about 0.6 mm. As a variant, a layer of a material whose resistivity varies with temperature, can be deposited directly on the ceramic substrate 14a.
  • the substrate 14a is advantageously glued to the outer wall of the metal tank 12a.
  • the steam generator according to the invention comprises means regulator for controlling the temperature of the metal tank 12a.
  • These regulation means are also associated with an electronic system, which is made for example using a microcontroller 20.
  • the latter is electrically connected to the pump 11, to the temperature sensor 14 and to the heating elements 13 via electrical connections 19a, 19b and 19c respectively.
  • the means of regulation are used in particular for control the amount of water introduced into the boiler 12 and to control the pump 11.
  • the steam generator according to the invention therefore combines these regulation means to the microcontroller 20 for carrying out measurements successive and actuate said pump 11 according to a slope value of a curve representative of the evolution of a physical variable, of temperature or pressure.
  • the temperature sensor 14 can be replaced by a pressure sensor connected to the microcontroller 20, possibly through a circuit analog-digital transformation, which is connected to the link electric 19b.
  • the metal tank 12a is then provided with a means of thermal regulation and / or a thermal limiter not shown in the figures.
  • the heating elements 13 are controlled by the microcontroller 20 and are preferably arranged outside the metal tank 12a of so as to avoid scaling problems on the one hand, and to simplify the assembly process on the other hand.
  • the steam generator according to the invention is particularly well suitable for use in an ironing center with a steam iron iron with steam.
  • the microcontroller 20 thus makes it possible to process the information from the temperature sensor 14 and order the operation of the pump 11 and the heating elements 13.
  • the sensor temperature 14 is preferably mounted on the metal tank 12a in a position close to the bottom of said tank to obtain optimal regulation of the operation of the steam generator according to the invention.
  • the steam generator according to the invention operates using a particular regulation process shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4a to 4d.
  • the regulation of the steam generator consists in controlling the pump 11 for supplying water from a determination of the amount of water introduced into the boiler 12 for evaporation and to use information from the temperature 14 or pressure associated with said boiler 12.
  • Such a control of pump 11 is improved and supplemented by the process of regulation according to the invention.
  • the latter also illustrates the operation of the steam generator according to the invention.
  • the abbreviations EV and EC corresponding respectively to the solenoid valve and the heating elements are used.
  • the regulation process according to the invention consists in managing the supply of the heating elements 13 by via sensor 14 to obtain temperature regulation around a high TC threshold after a first steam subtraction of the boiler 12. Such a subtraction corresponds to the actuation of the excitation button 3 of the solenoid valve 15.
  • the user turns on the heating elements 13 by through the power supply.
  • the heating elements stop 13 is commanded after the first lower TA value has been exceeded than the low threshold TB.
  • the heating elements 13 are restarted as soon as the temperature drops again below the TA value.
  • the heating elements 13 are cycled for obtain thermal regulation around the low threshold TB.
  • the generator according to the invention is brought directly to this operating state when the initial temperature of the metal tank 12a is higher or equal to the low threshold TB.
  • the method then consists in carrying out successive measurements by through the temperature sensor 14 which aims to calculate a value of slope D of a curve representative of the change in temperature of the boiler 12 and more particularly of the metal tank 12a.
  • the actuation of the pump 11 for a period determined as a function of the value of the slope D is thus a step in the process in accordance with the present invention. All stages are preferably controlled by the microcontroller 20.
  • the measurements made by the sensor 14 preferably relate to temperatures. However measures relating to pressures may also be suitable without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the microcontroller 20 does not take account of the openings of the solenoid valve 15, of a duration less than the critical time to, corresponding for example to 1s. Successive temperature measurements or pressure are thus performed when the time t steam exhaust 2 of the boiler 12 exceeds the critical time to.
  • Figures 2a and 2b show on the one hand, examples of the durations t of opening of the solenoid valve 15 and on the other hand, the effects on the temperature T of the metal tank 12a. The measurements are preferably triggered 1 second after the opening of the solenoid valve 15.
  • the regulation process according to the invention also makes it possible to control the operation of pump 11.
  • An example of start-up of the pump 11 is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4b.
  • the process consists, after a actuation of the solenoid valve 15 for a duration greater than to, perform temperature measurements Tl and TF with deviations in time t2 corresponding for example to durations of one second.
  • the method then includes comparison steps.
  • Slope D is compared to values programmed in the microcontroller 20, to know a first slope D1 corresponding for example to a slope of 4.5 ° C / s and a second slope D2 corresponding for example to a slope of 2.25 ° C / s.
  • the microcontroller 20 When the slope D is greater than the value of D1 the microcontroller 20 ignores the measurements. This corresponds to an abnormal operating state.
  • the pump 11 When the slope D is between the values D1 and D2, the pump 11 is operated by means of a power supply control said pump 11.
  • the microcontroller 20 When, on the other hand, the slope D is less than the value D2, the microcontroller 20 performs a calculation of an average D on several values successive of slope D and compare said mean D to a third slope value D3 corresponding for example to 1.2 ° C / s.
  • the average D is greater than D3 the pump 11 is supplied, which allows introduce water into the boiler 12.
  • the value mean of the slope D is less than D3 the pump 11 is not supplied.
  • the regulatory process according to the invention therefore makes it possible to provide corrective values to the operating parameters of the generator steam by actuating the pump 11 almost instantaneously and even before that the temperature of the metal tank 12a reaches limit values. This is particularly advantageous and innovative in the context of this invention. Regulation is thus ensured dynamically.
  • the method according to the invention also comprises steps relating to a command to stop the operation of the pump.
  • the pump is turned on. runs and remains in operation for an initial duration t3, corresponding for example to 12s.
  • a next step is to compare the temperature T of the tank 12a, at a predetermined TE value. When the temperature is higher than the TE value, corresponding for example to 120 ° C, an additional step is to measure the time operation of the pump 11 since it was started, or time for market. This additional step takes place at most during a additional duration t4, corresponding for example to 20s. If the temperature remains greater than TE when the operating time reaches the duration t3 + t4, the operation of pump 11 is interrupted and an audible signal or visual is sent to the attention of the user. Such a situation corresponds to a tank 10 empty. On the other hand if the temperature drops below TE before the operating time reaches the duration t3 + t4, we proceed simply when the pump 11 stops, without additional signal.
  • the process according to the invention can thus be completed using a step consisting in cutting the operation of the pump 11, from a temperature measurement of the boiler 12 and a measurement of the time of operation of said pump 11.
  • the stopping of the pump 11 is caused by a succession of steps relating to an analysis of the slope D.
  • steps consist in comparing the slope D with a complementary value D4 predetermined.
  • the slope D corresponds to the difference between a temperature initial Tl and a final temperature TF, measured at a time interval t5.
  • the operation of the pump 11 is interrupted.
  • slope D takes a value less than D4
  • the pump may stay on as long as the operating time since last start-up or on, does not exceed the duration t5 + t6.
  • the process according to the invention can thus be completed with a step consisting in cutting the operation of the pump 11, from an analysis slope D and a measurement of the operating time of said pump 11.
  • the stopping of the pump 11 is caused by a succession of steps relating to an analysis of the slope D corresponding to the difference between an initial temperature Tl and a final temperature TF measured at a time interval t7. Steps consist in measuring Tl, measuring during time t7 the duration of opening of the solenoid valve 15, measure when the time t7 is reached the final temperature TF, calculate the slope D corresponding to the difference between the temperature initial Tl and final temperature TF, then as a function of slope D and advantageously from the initial temperature T1, stop the pump 11.
  • the process according to the invention can thus be completed with a step consisting in cutting the operation of the pump 11, from an analysis the slope D, the initial temperature Tl and a measurement of the time of operation of said pump 11.
  • stopping the pump 11 includes a step of calculating a Tx opening rate of the solenoid valve 15 since pump 11 was started.
  • the Tx rate corresponds to the ratio the duration of opening of the solenoid valve 15 over the time elapsed since switching on pump 11 on.
  • the calculation step of the rate Tx is carried out after the step of calculating the slope D. This step could also be done before calculating the slope D or before the TF temperature measurement. This step can also be considered for the second variant.
  • the pump stop condition D ⁇ D4 is then replaced by a condition depending on the slope D and the rate Tx.
  • the process according to the invention can thus be completed with a step consisting in cutting the operation of the pump 11, from an analysis of the slope D, of a rate Tx of opening of the solenoid valve 15, possibly of the initial temperature Tl, and a measurement of the operating time of said pump 11.
  • This arrangement allows to take into account the quantity of steam used during filling of the boiler.
  • the process according to the present invention thus makes it possible to overcome direct control of the water level in the metal tank 12a.
  • the microcontroller 20 can be programmed to react only for actuation of the solenoid valve 15 more than a second.
  • the process according to the present invention preferably consists to analyze values of slopes of decreasing temperature evolution or pressure.
  • a decrease in temperature allows by example of performing slope calculations independently of the feed or cutting the heating means 13.
  • the measurements can therefore be performed without taking into account, or without altering the cycling of the elements 13. This considerably simplifies the regulation process according to the invention, and the programming of the microcontroller 20.
  • the use a rise in temperature would take into account the power of heating elements 13. Such power is variable from generator to the other and may undergo alterations depending on the power supply of the sector. This would result in a manifest lack of precision as to the measurements performed.
  • the values of slopes D can be taken from their absolute or relative values.
  • the microcontroller 20 can easily be suitable for either possibility.
  • the method according to the invention consists in using a single temperature sensor 14 of the thermistor type 14b. All the implementation work of the regulation process is thus carried out by the thermistor 14b in association with the microcontroller 20.
  • Such a simplification of a system of regulation contributes in particular to obtaining reliability and precision optimal.
  • the advantage of the regulation method according to the present invention allows said regulation not to be influenced by the power of heating elements or by variations in the power supply of the sector.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is obtained by using the use of a single temperature sensor 14 to achieve regulation in temperature and pressure without the use of a pressure switch.
  • An additional advantage obtained by the regulation process according to the present invention is linked to obtaining almost instant of an image of the operating state of said generator or the evolution of this state. This allows the regulatory means to provide corrective orders adapted and not influenced by problems scaling or thermal inertia.
  • the opening rate Tx of the solenoid valve 15 for managing the stopping of the pump 11 makes it possible to hold account of the amount of steam used during filling of the boiler.
  • a steam generator according to the invention can thus provide a wide range of functions by reducing the number of parts and components of said generator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

A steam generator consists of a chamber (12) with heating elements (13), fed with water by a pump (11) and equipped with an electrically- controlled valve (15) for expelling steam. It also has a regulator in the form of a temperature or pressure sensor (14) to monitor the amount of water in the chamber and to actuate the pump. The regulator is connected to an electronic system which carries out a succession of measures and operates the pump as a function of the temperature or pressure in the chamber (12). The chamber can comprise a metal container (12a) in thermal contact with the sensor (14), which incorporates an electrical resistance such as a thermistance, and the heating elements are controlled by the electronic system on the basis of data supplied by the sensor.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine technique des générateurs de vapeur pour appareils électroménagers du type fers à repasser, nettoyeurs à vapeur ou tout autre appareil utilisant de la vapeur.The present invention relates to the technical field of steam generators for household appliances such as irons, steam cleaners or any other appliance using steam.

L'invention concerne plus particulièrement la régulation et le fonctionnement d'un tel générateur. Il est déjà connu, par exemple par l'intermédiaire du document EP-A-0 438 112 de réaliser un fer à repasser à vapeur connecté à une chaudière elle-même reliée à un réservoir d'eau et à une pompe d'alimentation de ladite chaudière associée à un clapet anti-retour.The invention relates more particularly to the regulation and operation of such a generator. It is already known, for example by through document EP-A-0 438 112 to produce an iron with steam connected to a boiler itself connected to a water tank and to a feed pump for said boiler associated with a non-return valve.

Ce document décrit un générateur de vapeur lequel présente un réservoir d'eau, non pressurisé, et donc accessible à tout moment lors du fonctionnement ou de l'utilisation du fer à repasser. Le générateur de vapeur et en particulier la chaudière d'évaporation présentent des moyens indicateurs de niveaux d'eau permettant de contrôler le fonctionnement de la pompe et par conséquent la quantité d'eau amenée à l'intérieur de ladite chaudière d'évaporation.This document describes a steam generator which has a water tank, not pressurized, and therefore accessible at any time during operation or use of the iron. The steam generator and in particular the evaporation boiler has means indicating water levels to control the operation of the pump and by consequently the quantity of water brought inside said boiler evaporation.

L'indicateur de niveau est par exemple réalisé à l'aide d'un thermostat présentant un transducteur thermique s'étendant à l'intérieur de la chaudière d'évaporation à un niveau prédéterminé.The level indicator is for example produced using a thermostat having a thermal transducer extending inside the boiler evaporation to a predetermined level.

Le système décrit dans ce document présente cependant un certain nombre d'inconvénients. En effet, le contrôle de la quantité d'eau introduite dans la chaudière d'évaporation est imprécis dans la mesure où les moyens permettant de contrôler les niveaux d'eau à savoir le transducteur thermique et l'élément chauffant présents à l'intérieur de la chaudière, subissent un entartrage. Ce dernier altère la détection de niveau et provoque une augmentation de l'inertie thermique de l'ensemble. En outre, l'agencement à l'intérieur de ladite chaudière d'un élément chauffant et d'un transducteur thermique en liaison avec le thermostat extérieur rend la réalisation d'un tel générateur complexe et par conséquent plus coûteuse.The system described in this document, however, presents a certain number of drawbacks. Indeed, the control of the quantity of water introduced in the evaporation boiler is imprecise since the means for controlling the water levels, namely the thermal transducer and the heating element inside the boiler, undergo a scaling. The latter alters the level detection and causes a increase in the thermal inertia of the assembly. In addition, the arrangement to the interior of said boiler with a heating element and a transducer thermal in connection with the outdoor thermostat makes the realization of such complex generator and therefore more expensive.

L'objet de la présente invention vise donc à remédier aux inconvénients de l'art antérieur et à réaliser une chaudière d'évaporation dont l'alimentation en eau est contrôlée de manière fiable.The object of the present invention therefore aims to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art and to produce an evaporation boiler whose supply of water is reliably controlled.

Un autre objet de la présente invention vise à réaliser un système de génération de vapeur présentant une réactivité améliorée suite à un déséquilibre thermique ou de pression, lié à une soustraction de vapeur.Another object of the present invention aims to achieve a system of generation of vapor with improved reactivity following a thermal or pressure imbalance, linked to vapor subtraction.

Un autre objet de la présente invention vise à obtenir une fiabilité accrue du système de génération de vapeur en s'affranchissant de l'utilisation de détecteurs de niveaux d'eau dont la précision est influencée par un entartrage progressif au cours du vieillissement.Another object of the present invention aims to obtain increased reliability of the steam generation system by avoiding the use of water level detectors whose accuracy is influenced by scaling progressive during aging.

Un objet additionnel de la présente invention vise à obtenir une meilleure image instantanée de l'état de fonctionnement du générateur de vapeur pour y apporter des commandes correctives.An additional object of the present invention aims to obtain better instant image of the operating status of the steam generator for y bring corrective orders.

Un objet secondaire de la présente invention vise à réaliser un générateur de vapeur permettant de fournir de la vapeur en s'affranchissant de délais importants liés à des phénomènes d'inertie thermique.A secondary object of the present invention aims to achieve a steam generator allowing to supply steam by dispensing with significant delays linked to thermal inertia phenomena.

Les objets assignés à la présente invention sont atteints à l'aide d'un générateur de vapeur comportant une chaudière d'évaporation associée à des éléments chauffants et alimentée en eau par une pompe, une électrovalve pour l'expulsion de vapeur, ainsi que des moyens de régulation comportant un capteur de température ou de pression pour contrôler la quantité d'eau introduite dans la chaudière et pour piloter la pompe, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de régulation sont associés à un système électronique pour effectuer des mesures successives et actionner la pompe en fonction d'une valeur de pente d'une courbe représentant l'évolution en température ou en pression, ladite pente étant analysée par le système électronique.The objects assigned to the present invention are achieved using a steam generator comprising an evaporation boiler associated with heating elements and supplied with water by a pump, a solenoid valve for steam expulsion, as well as regulating means comprising a temperature or pressure sensor to control the amount of water introduced into the boiler and to control the pump, characterized in that the regulation means are associated with an electronic system to perform successive measurements and activate the pump according to a value of slope of a curve representing the change in temperature or pressure, said slope being analyzed by the electronic system.

Les objets de la présente invention sont également atteints à l'aide d'un procédé de régulation d'un générateur de vapeur consistant à commander une pompe d'alimentation en eau à partir d'une détermination d'une quantité d'eau introduite dans une chaudière d'évaporation et à utiliser des informations issues d'un capteur de température ou de pression associé à ladite chaudière, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste :

  • à gérer l'alimentation des éléments chauffants par l'intermédiaire du capteur pour obtenir une régulation en température autour d'un seuil haut TC, après une soustraction de vapeur à la chaudière,
  • à effectuer des mesures successives par l'intermédiaire du capteur de température ou de pression,
  • à calculer une valeur de pente d'une courbe représentative de l'évolution en température ou en pression de la chaudière,
  • et à actionner la pompe pendant une durée déterminée en fonction de la valeur de pente.
The objects of the present invention are also achieved by means of a method of regulating a steam generator consisting in controlling a water supply pump from a determination of an amount of water introduced into an evaporation boiler and to use information from a temperature or pressure sensor associated with said boiler, characterized in that it consists:
  • managing the supply of heating elements via the sensor to obtain temperature regulation around a high threshold TC, after steam has been removed from the boiler,
  • to carry out successive measurements via the temperature or pressure sensor,
  • calculating a slope value of a curve representative of the change in temperature or pressure of the boiler,
  • and to actuate the pump for a determined period as a function of the slope value.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaítront plus en détail à la lecture de la description donnée ci-après en référence aux figures données à titre d'exemple non limitatif dans lesquelles

  • La figure 1 représente une vue schématique d'un exemple de réalisation d'un générateur de vapeur et de son environnement conforme à l'invention,
  • La figure 2a représente une courbe schématisant le fonctionnement de l'appareil relié au générateur de vapeur conforme à l'invention,
  • La figure 2b représente une courbe d'évolution en température du générateur de vapeur conforme à l'invention, en fonction de l'utilisation représentée à la figure 2a,
  • La figure 3 représente un exemple de réalisation d'un capteur de température associé au générateur de vapeur et conforme à la présente invention,
  • La figure 4a représente un organigramme fonctionnel du procédé de régulation conforme à l'invention, se rapportant à la gestion de l'alimentation d'éléments de chauffe,
  • La figure 4b représente un organigramme fonctionnel du procédé de régulation conforme à l'invention, se rapportant à la mise en marche d'une pompe,
  • La figure 4c représente un organigramme fonctionnel du procédé de régulation conforme à l'invention, se rapportant à une première variante de commande d'arrêt du fonctionnement d'une pompe,
  • La figure 4d représente un organigramme fonctionnel du procédé de régulation conforme à l'invention, se rapportant à une deuxième variante de commande d'arrêt du fonctionnement d'une pompe,
  • La figure 4e représente un organigramme fonctionnel du procédé de régulation conforme à l'invention, se rapportant à une troisième variante de commande d'arrêt du fonctionnement d'une pompe.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear in more detail on reading the description given below with reference to the figures given by way of nonlimiting example in which
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a steam generator and its environment in accordance with the invention,
  • FIG. 2a represents a curve diagramming the operation of the apparatus connected to the steam generator according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2b represents a temperature evolution curve of the steam generator according to the invention, as a function of the use represented in FIG. 2a,
  • FIG. 3 represents an exemplary embodiment of a temperature sensor associated with the steam generator and in accordance with the present invention,
  • FIG. 4a represents a functional flow diagram of the regulation method according to the invention, relating to the management of the supply of heating elements,
  • FIG. 4b represents a functional flow diagram of the regulation method according to the invention, relating to the starting of a pump,
  • FIG. 4c represents a functional flow diagram of the regulation method in accordance with the invention, relating to a first variant of command for stopping the operation of a pump,
  • FIG. 4d represents a functional flow diagram of the regulation method in accordance with the invention, relating to a second variant of command for stopping the operation of a pump,
  • FIG. 4e represents a functional flow diagram of the regulation method in accordance with the invention, relating to a third variant of command for stopping the operation of a pump.

Le générateur de vapeur conforme à l'invention par exemple représenté à la figure 1 est associé à un fer à repasser 1. Ce dernier est relié à une alimentation électrique par l'intermédiaire d'un cordon 4 et comporte un bouton 3 d'excitation d'une électrovalve 15, laquelle sert à l'expulsion de vapeur 2 de la semelle du fer à repasser 1.The steam generator according to the invention for example shown in Figure 1 is associated with an iron 1. The latter is connected to a power supply via a cord 4 and has a button 3 for excitation of a solenoid valve 15, which is used for expelling vapor 2 from the soleplate of the iron 1.

Le générateur de vapeur conforme à l'invention comprend un réservoir 10 contenant l'eau ou le fluide destiné à l'évaporation ainsi qu'une pompe 11 reliée au réservoir 10 par l'intermédiaire d'une première conduite 5. Une deuxième conduite 6 permet de transférer l'eau par l'intermédiaire de la pompe 11 vers une chaudière 12. La deuxième conduite 6 comprend avantageusement un clapet anti-retour 7 pour éviter au fluide sous pression dans la chaudière 12 de refluer vers la pompe 11. Le clapet anti-retour 7 peut alternativement être intégré dans la pompe 11. La chaudière 12 comprend de préférence une cuve métallique 12a laquelle est chauffée par des éléments chauffants 13. Ces derniers sont fixés sur la cuve métallique 12a par tous moyens et permettent d'échauffer ladite cuve pour évaporer l'eau provenant du réservoir 10.The steam generator according to the invention comprises a tank 10 containing the water or the fluid intended for evaporation as well as a pump 11 connected to the reservoir 10 via a first pipe 5. A second line 6 allows water to be transferred via the pump 11 to a boiler 12. The second line 6 comprises advantageously a non-return valve 7 to prevent the fluid under pressure back into the boiler 12 to flow back to the pump 11. The non-return valve 7 can alternatively be integrated into the pump 11. The boiler 12 comprises preferably a metal tank 12a which is heated by elements 13. These are fixed on the metal tank 12a by all means and allow to heat said tank to evaporate the water coming from the tank 10.

Avantageusement la cuve métallique 12a est en liaison thermique intime avec un capteur de température 14 du type thermistance 14b. Cette dernière est constituée par exemple d'une résistance CTN.Advantageously, the metal tank 12a is in intimate thermal connection with a temperature sensor 14 of the thermistor type 14b. This last consists for example of a CTN resistor.

La figure 3 représente à cet effet une vue agrandie du capteur de température 14. La thermistance 14b est par exemple déposée sur un substrat céramique 14a lequel est collé sur la cuve métallique 12a. Un tel collage peut être effectué par n'importe quelle colle résistant à des températures élevées et réalisant un bon transfert thermique. Le substrat céramique 14a est par exemple constitué d'un matériau isolant électrique et conducteur thermique du type alumine, présentant une épaisseur d'environ 0,6 mm. A titre de variante, une couche d'un matériau dont la résistivité varie avec la température, peut être déposée directement sur le substrat céramique 14a. Le substrat 14a est avantageusement collé sur la paroi extérieur de la cuve métallique 12a.FIG. 3 shows for this purpose an enlarged view of the temperature 14. The thermistor 14b is for example deposited on a substrate ceramic 14a which is bonded to the metal tank 12a. Such bonding can be made with any adhesive resistant to high temperatures and achieving good heat transfer. The ceramic substrate 14a is by example consisting of an electrically insulating and heat conducting material of the alumina type, having a thickness of about 0.6 mm. As a variant, a layer of a material whose resistivity varies with temperature, can be deposited directly on the ceramic substrate 14a. The substrate 14a is advantageously glued to the outer wall of the metal tank 12a.

Le générateur de vapeur conforme à l'invention comporte des moyens de régulation permettant de contrôler la température de la cuve métallique 12a. Ces moyens de régulation sont également associés à un système électronique, lequel est réalisé par exemple à l'aide d'un microcontrôleur 20. Ce dernier est relié électriquement à la pompe 11, au capteur de température 14 et aux éléments chauffants 13 par l'intermédiaire de liaisons électriques 19a, 19b et 19c respectivement. Les moyens de régulation sont utilisés notamment pour contrôler la quantité d'eau introduite dans la chaudière 12 et pour piloter la pompe 11.The steam generator according to the invention comprises means regulator for controlling the temperature of the metal tank 12a. These regulation means are also associated with an electronic system, which is made for example using a microcontroller 20. The latter is electrically connected to the pump 11, to the temperature sensor 14 and to the heating elements 13 via electrical connections 19a, 19b and 19c respectively. The means of regulation are used in particular for control the amount of water introduced into the boiler 12 and to control the pump 11.

Le générateur de vapeur conforme à l'invention associe donc ces moyens de régulation au microcontrôleur 20 pour effectuer des mesures successives et actionner ladite pompe 11 en fonction d'une valeur de pente d'une courbe représentative de l'évolution d'une variable physique, de température ou de pression.The steam generator according to the invention therefore combines these regulation means to the microcontroller 20 for carrying out measurements successive and actuate said pump 11 according to a slope value of a curve representative of the evolution of a physical variable, of temperature or pressure.

Selon une variante de réalisation du générateur conforme à l'invention, le capteur de température 14 peut être remplacé par un capteur de pression relié au microcontrôleur 20, éventuellement à travers un circuit de transformation analogique-numérique, lequel est branché sur la liaison électrique 19b. La cuve métallique 12a est alors pourvue d'un moyen de régulation thermique et/ou d'un limiteur thermique non représenté aux figures.According to an alternative embodiment of the generator according to the invention, the temperature sensor 14 can be replaced by a pressure sensor connected to the microcontroller 20, possibly through a circuit analog-digital transformation, which is connected to the link electric 19b. The metal tank 12a is then provided with a means of thermal regulation and / or a thermal limiter not shown in the figures.

Les éléments chauffants 13 sont commandés par le microcontrôleur 20 et sont agencés de préférence à l'extérieur de la cuve métallique 12a de manière à éviter des problèmes d'entartrage d'une part, et à simplifier le processus d'assemblage d'autre part.The heating elements 13 are controlled by the microcontroller 20 and are preferably arranged outside the metal tank 12a of so as to avoid scaling problems on the one hand, and to simplify the assembly process on the other hand.

Le générateur de vapeur conforme à l'invention est particulièrement bien adapté pour être utilisé dans une centrale de repassage comportant un fer à repasser à vapeur. Le microcontrôleur 20 permet ainsi de traiter les informations issues du capteur de température 14 et de commander le fonctionnement de la pompe 11 et des éléments chauffants 13. Le capteur de température 14 est de préférence monté sur la cuve métallique 12a dans une position proche du fond de ladite cuve pour obtenir une régulation optimale du fonctionnement du générateur de vapeur conforme à l'invention.The steam generator according to the invention is particularly well suitable for use in an ironing center with a steam iron iron with steam. The microcontroller 20 thus makes it possible to process the information from the temperature sensor 14 and order the operation of the pump 11 and the heating elements 13. The sensor temperature 14 is preferably mounted on the metal tank 12a in a position close to the bottom of said tank to obtain optimal regulation of the operation of the steam generator according to the invention.

Le générateur de vapeur conforme à l'invention fonctionne à l'aide d'un procédé de régulation particulier schématisé aux figures 4a à 4d. La régulation du générateur de vapeur consiste à commander la pompe 11 d'alimentation en eau à partir d'une détermination d'une quantité d'eau introduite dans la chaudière 12 d'évaporation et à utiliser des informations issues du capteur de température 14 ou de pression associé à ladite chaudière 12. Une telle commande de la pompe 11 se trouve améliorée et complétée par le procédé de régulation conforme à l'invention. Ce dernier permet également d'illustrer le fonctionnement du générateur de vapeur conforme à l'invention. Pour des raisons de clarté de la présentation de la figure 4a, des abréviations EV et EC correspondant respectivement à l'électrovalve et aux éléments chauffants sont utilisées.The steam generator according to the invention operates using a particular regulation process shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4a to 4d. The regulation of the steam generator consists in controlling the pump 11 for supplying water from a determination of the amount of water introduced into the boiler 12 for evaporation and to use information from the temperature 14 or pressure associated with said boiler 12. Such a control of pump 11 is improved and supplemented by the process of regulation according to the invention. The latter also illustrates the operation of the steam generator according to the invention. For some reasons of clarity of the presentation of figure 4a, of the abbreviations EV and EC corresponding respectively to the solenoid valve and the heating elements are used.

Le procédé de régulation conforme à l'invention, et illustré par la figure 4a, consiste à gérer l'alimentation des éléments chauffants 13 par l'intermédiaire du capteur 14 pour obtenir une régulation en température autour d'un seuil haut TC après une première soustraction de vapeur de la chaudière 12. Une telle soustraction correspond à l'actionnement du bouton d'excitation 3 de l'électrovalve 15. L'utilisateur met en marche les éléments chauffants 13 par l'intermédiaire de l'alimentation électrique. Lorsque la température de la cuve métallique 12a est inférieure à un seuil bas TB, l'arrêt des éléments chauffants 13 est commandé après le dépassement d'une première valeur TA, plus faible que le seuil bas TB. On remet en route les éléments chauffants 13 dès que la température descend à nouveau en dessous de la valeur TA.The regulation process according to the invention, and illustrated by the figure 4a, consists in managing the supply of the heating elements 13 by via sensor 14 to obtain temperature regulation around a high TC threshold after a first steam subtraction of the boiler 12. Such a subtraction corresponds to the actuation of the excitation button 3 of the solenoid valve 15. The user turns on the heating elements 13 by through the power supply. When the temperature of the tank metal 12a is below a low threshold TB, the heating elements stop 13 is commanded after the first lower TA value has been exceeded than the low threshold TB. The heating elements 13 are restarted as soon as the temperature drops again below the TA value.

En l'absence d'une action d'une durée supérieure à to sur l'électrovalve 15, on procède à un cyclage de l'alimentation des éléments chauffants 13 pour obtenir une régulation thermique autour du seuil bas TB. Le générateur conforme à l'invention est amené directement à cet état de fonctionnement lorsque la température initiale de la cuve métallique 12a est supérieure ou égale au seuil bas TB.In the absence of an action lasting longer than to on the solenoid valve 15, the heating elements 13 are cycled for obtain thermal regulation around the low threshold TB. The generator according to the invention is brought directly to this operating state when the initial temperature of the metal tank 12a is higher or equal to the low threshold TB.

Après un premier actionnement d'une durée supérieure à to de l'électrovalve 15, le procédé de régulation conforme à l'invention permet de mettre en marche les éléments chauffants 13, sans interruption, tant que l'utilisateur actionne l'électrovalve 15. En cas de relâchement de l'électrovalve 15, l'alimentation des éléments chauffants 13 est cyclée pour obtenir une régulation thermique autour d'un seuil haut TC. Les figures 4a et 4b auxquelles il est fait référence plus loin, mentionnent des abréviations EV et EC, correspondant respectivement à l'électrovalve 15 et aux éléments chauffants 13.After a first actuation lasting longer than to of the solenoid valve 15, the regulation process according to the invention makes it possible to switch on the heating elements 13 without interruption as long as the user operates the solenoid valve 15. If the solenoid valve is released 15, the supply of the heating elements 13 is cycled to obtain a thermal regulation around a high TC threshold. Figures 4a and 4b which reference is made later, mention the abbreviations EV and EC, corresponding respectively to the solenoid valve 15 and the heating elements 13.

Avantageusement, comme cela est représenté à la figure 4a, il est souhaitable de procéder à une régulation thermique à partir de la mise sous tension des éléments chauffants 13, avant une soustraction de vapeur de la chaudière 12. La régulation thermique de la cuve métallique 12a est obtenue alors autour d'un seuil bas TB, lequel se situe au delà de 100° C et en deçà du seuil haut TC. Un tel état de veille ou d'attente avant un premier actionnement du bouton d'excitation 3 de l'électrovalve 15 permet de limiter la montée en pression de la cuve métallique 12a en cas de présence d'air dans la chaudière 12. Le dépassement d'une pression critique est ainsi évité. Un premier actionnement du bouton d'excitation 3, pendant un temps donné supérieur à to permet de s'assurer que l'air est en grande partie évacuée. La régulation autour du seuil haut TC peut donc se faire sans risque.Advantageously, as shown in FIG. 4a, it is desirable to carry out a thermal regulation starting from the setting under voltage of the heating elements 13, before a vapor subtraction of the boiler 12. The thermal regulation of the metal tank 12a is obtained then around a low threshold TB, which is above 100 ° C and below the high threshold TC. Such a standby or waiting state before a first actuation of the excitation button 3 of the solenoid valve 15 limits the rise in pressure of the metal tank 12a in the presence of air in the boiler 12. Exceeding a critical pressure is thus avoided. A first actuation of the excitation button 3, for a given time greater than to ensures that the air is largely exhausted. Regulation around of the high threshold TC can therefore be done without risk.

Le procédé consiste ensuite à effectuer des mesures successives par l'intermédiaire du capteur de température 14 qui vise à calculer une valeur de pente D d'une courbe représentative de l'évolution en température de la chaudière 12 et plus particulièrement de la cuve métallique 12a. L'actionnement de la pompe 11 pendant une durée déterminée en fonction de la valeur de la pente D est ainsi une étape du procédé conforme à la présente invention. Toutes les étapes sont de préférence pilotées par le microcontrôleur 20. Les mesures effectuées par le capteur 14 se rapportent de préférence à des températures. Cependant des mesures se rapportant à des pressions peuvent également convenir sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.The method then consists in carrying out successive measurements by through the temperature sensor 14 which aims to calculate a value of slope D of a curve representative of the change in temperature of the boiler 12 and more particularly of the metal tank 12a. The actuation of the pump 11 for a period determined as a function of the value of the slope D is thus a step in the process in accordance with the present invention. All stages are preferably controlled by the microcontroller 20. The measurements made by the sensor 14 preferably relate to temperatures. However measures relating to pressures may also be suitable without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Avantageusement, le microcontrôleur 20 ne tient pas compte des ouvertures de l'électrovalve 15, d'une durée inférieure au temps critique to, correspondant par exemple à 1s. Les mesures successives de température ou de pression sont ainsi effectuées lorsque la durée t d'échappement de vapeur 2 de la chaudière 12 dépasse le temps critique to. Les figures 2a et 2b montrent d'une part des exemples de durées t d'ouvertures de l'électrovalve 15 et d'autres part les incidences sur la température T de la cuve métallique 12a. Les mesures sont déclenchées de préférence 1 seconde après l'ouverture de l'électrovalve 15.Advantageously, the microcontroller 20 does not take account of the openings of the solenoid valve 15, of a duration less than the critical time to, corresponding for example to 1s. Successive temperature measurements or pressure are thus performed when the time t steam exhaust 2 of the boiler 12 exceeds the critical time to. Figures 2a and 2b show on the one hand, examples of the durations t of opening of the solenoid valve 15 and on the other hand, the effects on the temperature T of the metal tank 12a. The measurements are preferably triggered 1 second after the opening of the solenoid valve 15.

Le procédé de régulation conforme à l'invention, permet également de commander le fonctionnement de la pompe 11. Un exemple de mise en marche de la pompe 11 est schématisé à la figure 4b. Le procédé consiste, après un actionnement de l'électrovalve 15 pendant une durée supérieure à to, à effectuer des mesures de température Tl et TF avec des écarts en temps t2 correspondant par exemple à des durées d'une seconde. Le microcontrôleur 20 effectue ensuite une différence entre les valeurs de température mesurées, à savoir la différence entre une température initiale Tl et une température finale TF correspondant à une pente D = Tl - TF, soit un écart en température par seconde. Après le calcul de la pente D, laquelle est mémorisée par tous moyens. Le procédé comprend ensuite des étapes de comparaison. La pente D est comparée à des valeurs programmées dans le microcontrôleur 20, à savoir une première pente D1 correspondant par exemple à une pente de 4,5° C/s et une deuxième pente D2 correspondant par exemple à une pente de 2,25° C/s.The regulation process according to the invention also makes it possible to control the operation of pump 11. An example of start-up of the pump 11 is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4b. The process consists, after a actuation of the solenoid valve 15 for a duration greater than to, perform temperature measurements Tl and TF with deviations in time t2 corresponding for example to durations of one second. The microcontroller 20 then makes a difference between the measured temperature values, at know the difference between an initial temperature Tl and a final temperature TF corresponding to a slope D = Tl - TF, i.e. a temperature difference by second. After calculating the slope D, which is memorized by all means. The method then includes comparison steps. Slope D is compared to values programmed in the microcontroller 20, to know a first slope D1 corresponding for example to a slope of 4.5 ° C / s and a second slope D2 corresponding for example to a slope of 2.25 ° C / s.

Lorsque la pente D est supérieure à la valeur de D1 le microcontrôleur 20 ignore les mesures. Ceci correspond à un état de fonctionnement anormal. Lorsque la pente D est comprise entre les valeurs D1 et D2, la pompe 11 est actionnée par l'intermédiaire d'une commande de l'alimentation électrique de ladite pompe 11. Lorsque en revanche la pente D est inférieure à la valeur D2, le microcontrôleur 20 effectue un calcul d'une moyenne D sur plusieurs valeurs successives de la pente D et compare ladite moyenne D à une troisième valeur de pente D3 correspondant par exemple à 1,2° C/s. Lorsque la moyenne D est supérieure à D3, la pompe 11 se trouve alimentée, ce qui permet d'introduire de l'eau dans la chaudière 12. En revanche, lorsque la valeur moyenne de la pente D est inférieure à D3 la pompe 11 n'est pas alimentée.When the slope D is greater than the value of D1 the microcontroller 20 ignores the measurements. This corresponds to an abnormal operating state. When the slope D is between the values D1 and D2, the pump 11 is operated by means of a power supply control said pump 11. When, on the other hand, the slope D is less than the value D2, the microcontroller 20 performs a calculation of an average D on several values successive of slope D and compare said mean D to a third slope value D3 corresponding for example to 1.2 ° C / s. When the average D is greater than D3, the pump 11 is supplied, which allows introduce water into the boiler 12. On the other hand, when the value mean of the slope D is less than D3 the pump 11 is not supplied.

Le procédé de régulation conforme à l'invention permet donc d'apporter des valeurs correctives aux paramètres de fonctionnement du générateur de vapeur en actionnant la pompe 11 de façon quasi instantanée et avant même que la température de la cuve métallique 12a n'atteigne des valeurs limites. Ceci est particulièrement avantageux et innovant dans le cadre de la présente invention. La régulation est ainsi assurée de façon dynamique.The regulatory process according to the invention therefore makes it possible to provide corrective values to the operating parameters of the generator steam by actuating the pump 11 almost instantaneously and even before that the temperature of the metal tank 12a reaches limit values. This is particularly advantageous and innovative in the context of this invention. Regulation is thus ensured dynamically.

Le procédé conforme à l'invention comprend également des étapes se rapportant à une commande d'arrêt du fonctionnement de la pompe.The method according to the invention also comprises steps relating to a command to stop the operation of the pump.

Selon une première variante de programmation du système électronique ou du microcontrôleur 20, schématisée à la figure 4c, la pompe est mise en marche et reste en fonctionnement pendant une durée initiale t3, correspondant par exemple à 12s. Une étape suivante consiste à comparer la température T de la cuve 12a, à une valeur TE prédéterminée. Lorsque la température est supérieure à la valeur TE, correspondant par exemple à 120°C, une étape complémentaire consiste à mesurer le temps de fonctionnement de la pompe 11 depuis sa mise en marche, ou temps de marche. Cette étape complémentaire se déroule au maximum pendant une durée supplémentaire t4, correspondant par exemple à 20s. Si la température reste supérieure à TE lorsque le temps de fonctionnement atteint la durée t3 + t4, le fonctionnement de la pompe 11 est interrompu et un signal sonore ou visuel est émis à l'attention de l'utilisateur. Une telle situation correspond à un réservoir 10 vide. En revanche si la température descend en dessous de TE avant que le temps de fonctionnement atteigne la durée t3 + t4, on procède simplement à l'arrêt de la pompe 11, sans signal additionnel.According to a first programming variant of the electronic system or microcontroller 20, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4c, the pump is turned on. runs and remains in operation for an initial duration t3, corresponding for example to 12s. A next step is to compare the temperature T of the tank 12a, at a predetermined TE value. When the temperature is higher than the TE value, corresponding for example to 120 ° C, an additional step is to measure the time operation of the pump 11 since it was started, or time for market. This additional step takes place at most during a additional duration t4, corresponding for example to 20s. If the temperature remains greater than TE when the operating time reaches the duration t3 + t4, the operation of pump 11 is interrupted and an audible signal or visual is sent to the attention of the user. Such a situation corresponds to a tank 10 empty. On the other hand if the temperature drops below TE before the operating time reaches the duration t3 + t4, we proceed simply when the pump 11 stops, without additional signal.

Le procédé conforme à l'invention peut ainsi être complété à l'aide d'une étape consistant à couper le fonctionnement de la pompe 11, à partir d'une mesure de température de la chaudière 12 et d'une mesure du temps de fonctionnement de ladite pompe 11.The process according to the invention can thus be completed using a step consisting in cutting the operation of the pump 11, from a temperature measurement of the boiler 12 and a measurement of the time of operation of said pump 11.

Selon une deuxième variante de mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention, schématisée à la figure 4d, l'arrêt de la pompe 11 est provoqué par une succession d'étapes se rapportant à une analyse de la pente D. Les étapes consistent à comparer la pente D à une valeur complémentaire D4 prédéterminée. La pente D correspond à la différence entre une température initiale Tl et une température finale TF, mesurées à un intervalle de temps t5. Lorsque la pente D est supérieure à la valeur complémentaire D4, le fonctionnement de la pompe 11 est interrompu. Lorsque la pente D prend une valeur inférieure à D4, on procède à l'analyse du temps de fonctionnement de la pompe 11 pendant une durée au maximum égale à une durée complémentaire t6. La pompe est susceptible de rester en marche tant que le temps de fonctionnement depuis la dernière mise en marche ou temps de marche, ne dépasse pas la durée t5 + t6. Des mesures répétitives des températures Tl et TF sont alors effectuées. La fréquence de ces mesures est déterminée par la programmation du microcontrôleur 20. Dans le cas où la pente D reste inférieure à la valeur complémentaire D4, après l'écoulement de la durée t5 + t6, on coupe l'alimentation électrique de la pompe 11, en émettant un signal d'avertissement à l'utilisateur. Ce dernier peut ainsi remplir à nouveau le réservoir 10.According to a second variant of implementation of the method according to the invention, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4d, the stopping of the pump 11 is caused by a succession of steps relating to an analysis of the slope D. steps consist in comparing the slope D with a complementary value D4 predetermined. The slope D corresponds to the difference between a temperature initial Tl and a final temperature TF, measured at a time interval t5. When the slope D is greater than the complementary value D4, the operation of the pump 11 is interrupted. When slope D takes a value less than D4, the operating time of the pump 11 for a duration at most equal to a duration complementary t6. The pump may stay on as long as the operating time since last start-up or on, does not exceed the duration t5 + t6. Repetitive measurements of temperatures Tl and TF are then carried out. The frequency of these measurements is determined by the programming of the microcontroller 20. In the case where the slope D remains below the complementary value D4, after the flow of the duration t5 + t6, the electrical supply to the pump 11 is cut off, by emitting a warning signal to the user. The latter can thus refill the tank 10.

Le procédé conforme à l'invention peut ainsi être complété d'une étape consistant à couper le fonctionnement de la pompe 11, à partir d'une analyse de la pente D et d'une mesure du temps de fonctionnement de ladite pompe 11.The process according to the invention can thus be completed with a step consisting in cutting the operation of the pump 11, from an analysis slope D and a measurement of the operating time of said pump 11.

Selon une troisième variante de programmation du système électronique ou du microcontrôleur 20, schématisée à la figure 4e, l'arrêt de la pompe 11 est provoqué par une succession d'étapes se rapportant à une analyse de la pente D correspondant à la différence entre une température initiale Tl et une température finale TF mesurées à un intervalle de temps t7. Les étapes consistent à mesurer Tl, mesurer pendant le temps t7 la durée d'ouverture de l'électrovalve 15, mesurer lorsque le temps t7 est atteint la température finale TF, calculer la pente D correspondant à la différence entre la température initiale Tl et la température finale TF, puis en fonction de la pente D et avantageusement de la température initiale Tl, arrêter la pompe 11. Pour une construction de générateur donnée, il est possible en fonction de D et Tl de déterminer si la quantité d'eau injectée est suffisante ou non et ainsi d'arrêter la pompe ou au contraire de laisser fonctionner la pompe et relancer un cycle de mesures jusqu'à la quantité désirée. Lorsque le système électronique ou le microcontrôleur n'a pas arrêté le fonctionnement de la pompe 11 on procède à l'analyse du temps de fonctionnement de la pompe pendant une durée au maximum égale à une durée complémentaire t8. La pompe est susceptible de rester en marche tant que le temps de fonctionnement depuis la dernière mise en marche, ou temps de marche, ne dépasse pas la durée t7 + t8. Après une attente d'une durée t9, on mesure à nouveau TF. Le calcul de la nouvelle pente D permet d'arrêter la pompe si les conditions sont remplies. Dans le cas où les conditions d'arrêt de la pompe 11 ne sont pas remplies après l'écoulement de la durée t7 + t8, on coupe l'alimentation électrique de la pompe 11, en émettant un signal d'avertissement à l'utilisateur. Ce dernier peut ainsi remplir à nouveau le réservoir 10.According to a third programming variant of the electronic system or the microcontroller 20, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4e, the stopping of the pump 11 is caused by a succession of steps relating to an analysis of the slope D corresponding to the difference between an initial temperature Tl and a final temperature TF measured at a time interval t7. Steps consist in measuring Tl, measuring during time t7 the duration of opening of the solenoid valve 15, measure when the time t7 is reached the final temperature TF, calculate the slope D corresponding to the difference between the temperature initial Tl and final temperature TF, then as a function of slope D and advantageously from the initial temperature T1, stop the pump 11. For a given generator construction, it is possible according to D and Tl to determine whether the amount of water injected is sufficient or not and thus stop the pump or on the contrary to let the pump run and restart a cycle of measurements to the desired quantity. When the electronic system or microcontroller did not stop the operation of the pump 11 we proceed to analysis of the pump operating time for a period of time maximum equal to an additional duration t8. The pump may stay on as long as the operating time since the last start running, or running time, does not exceed the duration t7 + t8. After one waiting for a duration t9, we measure TF again. The calculation of the new slope D stops the pump if the conditions are met. In case the pump stop conditions 11 are not met after the expiration of the duration t7 + t8, the electrical supply to the pump 11 is cut off, by emitting a warning signal to the user. The latter can thus refill the tank 10.

Le procédé conforme à l'invention peut ainsi être complété d'une étape consistant à couper le fonctionnement de la pompe 11, à partir d'une analyse de la pente D, de la température initiale Tl et d'une mesure du temps de fonctionnement de ladite pompe 11.The process according to the invention can thus be completed with a step consisting in cutting the operation of the pump 11, from an analysis the slope D, the initial temperature Tl and a measurement of the time of operation of said pump 11.

Selon une version préférentielle de l'invention, l'arrêt de la pompe 11 comporte une étape de calcul d'un taux Tx d'ouverture de l'électrovalve 15 depuis la mise en marche de la pompe 11. Le taux Tx correspond au rapport de la durée d'ouverture de l'électrovalve 15 sur le temps écoulé depuis la mise en marche de la pompe 11. Tel que représenté à la figure 4e, l'étape de calcul du taux Tx est effectuée après l'étape du calcul de la pente D. Cette étape pourrait également être effectuée avant le calcul de la pente D ou avant la mesure de la température TF. Cette étape peut également être envisagée pour la deuxième variante de réalisation. La condition d'arrêt de la pompe D < D4 est alors remplacée par une condition fonction de la pente D et du taux Tx.According to a preferred version of the invention, stopping the pump 11 includes a step of calculating a Tx opening rate of the solenoid valve 15 since pump 11 was started. The Tx rate corresponds to the ratio the duration of opening of the solenoid valve 15 over the time elapsed since switching on pump 11 on. As shown in FIG. 4e, the calculation step of the rate Tx is carried out after the step of calculating the slope D. This step could also be done before calculating the slope D or before the TF temperature measurement. This step can also be considered for the second variant. The pump stop condition D <D4 is then replaced by a condition depending on the slope D and the rate Tx.

Le procédé conforme à l'invention peut ainsi être complété d'une étape consistant à couper le fonctionnement de la pompe 11, à partir d'une analyse de la pente D, d'un taux Tx d'ouverture de l'électrovalve 15, éventuellement de la température initiale Tl, et d'une mesure du temps de fonctionnement de ladite pompe 11.The process according to the invention can thus be completed with a step consisting in cutting the operation of the pump 11, from an analysis of the slope D, of a rate Tx of opening of the solenoid valve 15, possibly of the initial temperature Tl, and a measurement of the operating time of said pump 11.

Cette disposition permet de tenir compte de la quantité de vapeur utilisée pendant le remplissage de la chaudière.This arrangement allows to take into account the quantity of steam used during filling of the boiler.

L'efficacité toute inattendue d'un tel procédé de régulatior est liée au fait que la pente d'une courbe d'évolution d'une variable physique de température ou de pression, après l'ouverture de l'électrovalve 15, ne dépend que du débit de vapeur, lequel est lié à la pression, aux pertes de charge et à la quantité d'eau présente dans la cuve métallique 12a. Une telle constatation n'est pas évidente a priori.The unexpected effectiveness of such a regulatory process is linked to the fact that the slope of an evolution curve of a physical temperature variable or pressure, after opening the solenoid valve 15, depends only on the flow vapor, which is related to pressure, pressure drop and quantity of water present in the metal tank 12a. Such a finding is not obvious a priori.

Le procédé conforme à la présente invention permet ainsi de s'affranchir d'un contrôle direct du niveau d'eau dans la cuve métallique 12a.The process according to the present invention thus makes it possible to overcome direct control of the water level in the metal tank 12a.

Il est également avantageux dans le cadre du procédé conforme à la présente invention d'effectuer des mesures successives de température ou de pression, lorsque la durée de l'échappement de vapeur 2 de la chaudière 12 dépasse le temps critique to. En effet, le microcontrôleur 20 peut être programmé de façon à ne réagir que pour un actionnement de l'électrovalve 15 supérieur à une seconde.It is also advantageous in the context of the process according to the present invention to carry out successive measurements of temperature or pressure, when the duration of the steam exhaust 2 from the boiler 12 exceeds the critical time to. Indeed, the microcontroller 20 can be programmed to react only for actuation of the solenoid valve 15 more than a second.

Le procédé conforme à la présente invention consiste préférentiellement à analyser des valeurs de pentes d'évolution décroissante de température ou de pression. En effet l'utilisation d'une décroissance en température permet par exemple d'effectuer des calculs de pentes indépendamment de l'alimentation ou de la coupure des moyens de chauffe 13. Les mesures peuvent de ce fait être effectuées sans tenir compte, ou sans altérer le cyclage des éléments chauffants 13. Ceci simplifie considérablement le procédé de régulation conforme à l'invention, et la programmation du microcontrôleur 20. L'utilisation d'une montée en température conduirait à prendre en compte la puissance des éléments chauffants 13. Une telle puissance est variable d'un générateur à l'autre et peut subir des altérations en fonction de l'alimentation électrique du secteur. Il en résulterait ainsi un manque manifeste de précision quant aux mesures effectuées. Les valeurs des pentes D peuvent être prises dans leurs valeurs absolues ou relatives. Le microcontrôleur 20 peut facilement être adapté à l'une ou l'autre possibilité. The process according to the present invention preferably consists to analyze values of slopes of decreasing temperature evolution or pressure. Indeed the use of a decrease in temperature allows by example of performing slope calculations independently of the feed or cutting the heating means 13. The measurements can therefore be performed without taking into account, or without altering the cycling of the elements 13. This considerably simplifies the regulation process according to the invention, and the programming of the microcontroller 20. The use a rise in temperature would take into account the power of heating elements 13. Such power is variable from generator to the other and may undergo alterations depending on the power supply of the sector. This would result in a manifest lack of precision as to the measurements performed. The values of slopes D can be taken from their absolute or relative values. The microcontroller 20 can easily be suitable for either possibility.

Préférentiellement, le procédé conforme à l'invention consiste à utiliser un seul capteur de température 14 du type thermistance 14b. Toute la mise en oeuvre du procédé de régulation est ainsi effectuée par la thermistance 14b en association avec le microcontrôleur 20. Une telle simplification d'un système de régulation contribue notamment à l'obtention d'une fiabilité et d une précision optimales.Preferably, the method according to the invention consists in using a single temperature sensor 14 of the thermistor type 14b. All the implementation work of the regulation process is thus carried out by the thermistor 14b in association with the microcontroller 20. Such a simplification of a system of regulation contributes in particular to obtaining reliability and precision optimal.

L'avantage du procédé de régulation conforme à la présente invention permet à ladite régulation de ne pas être influencée par la puissance des éléments chauffants ou par les variations de l'alimentation électrique du secteur.The advantage of the regulation method according to the present invention allows said regulation not to be influenced by the power of heating elements or by variations in the power supply of the sector.

Un autre avantage de la présente invention est obtenue par l'aide de l'utilisation d'un seul capteur de température 14 pour aboutir à la régulation en température et en pression sans l'utilisation d'un pressostat.Another advantage of the present invention is obtained by using the use of a single temperature sensor 14 to achieve regulation in temperature and pressure without the use of a pressure switch.

Un avantage complémentaire de la présente invention et notamment du procédé de régulation, résulte d'un contrôle de niveau de fluide effectué implicitement, ne nécessitant pas de moyens additionnels du type interrupteur à niveau ou autres moyens pour contrôler le niveau ou la quantité d'eau introduite dans la cuve métallique 12a.An additional advantage of the present invention and in particular of regulation process, resulting from a fluid level check carried out implicitly, not requiring additional means of the switch type level or other means to control the level or amount of water introduced into the metal tank 12a.

Un avantage supplémentaire obtenu par le procédé de régulation conforme à la présente invention est lié à l'obtention de façon quasiment instantanée d'une image de l'état de fonctionnement dudit générateur ou de l'évolution de cet état. Ceci permet aux moyens de régulation d'apporter des commandes correctives adaptées et non influencées par des problèmes d'entartrage ou d'inertie thermique.An additional advantage obtained by the regulation process according to the present invention is linked to obtaining almost instant of an image of the operating state of said generator or the evolution of this state. This allows the regulatory means to provide corrective orders adapted and not influenced by problems scaling or thermal inertia.

Un avantage complémentaire du procédé conforme à l'invention est obtenu à l'aide du réservoir 10 dépourvu de flotteurs ou d'autres moyens permettant de contrôler son niveau de remplissage.An additional advantage of the process according to the invention is obtained using the reservoir 10 without floats or other means to control its filling level.

Il est également possible, dans le cadre du procédé de régulation conforme à l'invention, de commander automatiquement l'alimentation des éléments chauffants 13, par une pression sur le bouton d'excitation 3. Une telle anticipation permet dans certains cas d'améliorer considérablement les performances du générateur de vapeur.It is also possible, as part of the regulation process according to the invention, to automatically control the supply of heating elements 13, by pressing the excitation button 3. Such anticipation in some cases significantly improves steam generator performance.

Par ailleurs, il est possible d'obtenir un ajustement du débit de vapeur 2 en procédant à un réglage du seuil haut TC. Ce dernier présente ainsi une variation remplissant la fonction d'un régulateur de débit. Il est alors inutile d'utiliser des moyens mécaniques spécifiques pour diminuer ou augmenter le débit de vapeur 2.In addition, it is possible to obtain an adjustment of the vapor flow rate 2 by adjusting the high threshold TC. The latter thus presents a variation fulfilling the function of a flow regulator. It is then useless to use specific mechanical means to decrease or increase the steam flow 2.

Lorsque le générateur de vapeur comporte un réglage de pression, la prise en compte de la température initiale Tl régnant dans la cuve 12a permet de tenir compte de la pression régnant dans ladite cuve pour l'arrêt de la pompe 11.When the steam generator has a pressure setting, the taking into account the initial temperature Tl prevailing in the tank 12a allows to take into account the pressure prevailing in said tank for stopping the pump 11.

Avantageusement la prise en compte du taux Tx d'ouverture de l'électrovalve 15 pour la gestion de l'arrêt de la pompe 11 permet de tenir compte de la quantité de vapeur utilisée pendant le remplissage de la chaudière.Advantageously taking into account the opening rate Tx of the solenoid valve 15 for managing the stopping of the pump 11 makes it possible to hold account of the amount of steam used during filling of the boiler.

Un générateur de vapeur conforme à l'invention peut ainsi procurer une large gamme de fonctions en réduisant le nombre de pièces et de composants dudit générateur.A steam generator according to the invention can thus provide a wide range of functions by reducing the number of parts and components of said generator.

Claims (15)

  1. A steam generator comprising an evaporation boiler (12) associated with heater elements (13) and fed with water by a pump (11), a solenoid valve (15) for expelling steam (2), and regulator means including a temperature sensor (14) or a pressure sensor for monitoring the quantity of water introduced into the boiler (12) and for controlling the pump (11), the generator being characterized in that the regulator means are associated with an electronic system for taking successive measurements for actuating the pump (11) as a function of the value of the slope of a curve representing variation in temperature or pressure, said slope being analyzed by the electronic system.
  2. A steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the boiler comprises a metal vessel (12a) in intimate thermal connection with a temperature sensor (14) including an electrical resistance of the thermistor type (14b).
  3. A steam generator according to claim 2, characterized in that the thermistor is placed on a ceramic substrate (14a), which substrate is stuck to the metal vessel (12a).
  4. A steam generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heater elements (13) are controlled by the electronic system, which receives information from the temperature or pressure sensor (14).
  5. A steam generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the metal vessel (12a) is provided with a temperature limiter.
  6. An ironing unit including a steam iron (1) associated with a steam generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
  7. A method of regulating a steam generator, the method consisting in controlling a water feed pump (11) on the basis of determining a quantity of water introduced into an evaporation boiler (12) and using information from a temperature sensor (14) or a pressure sensor associated with said boiler (12), the method being characterized in that it consists;
    in controlling the power supply of heater elements (13) by means of the sensor (14) to obtain temperature regulation around a high threshold TH, after steam has been taken from the boiler (12);
    in taking successive measurements using the temperature or pressure sensor (13);
    in computing the value D of the slope of a curve representative of variation in the temperature or the pressure of the boiler (12); and
    in actuating the pump (11) for a duration that is determined as a function of the slope value D.
  8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that it consisits in powering the heater elements (13) before first removal of steam from the boiler (12) to obtain temperature regulation of said boiler (12) around a low threshold TL, which lies above 100°C and below the high threshold TH.
  9. A method according to claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that it consists in performing successive temperature or pressure measurements only after steam (2) has been escaping from the boiler (12) for a duration that exceeds a critical time t0.
  10. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that it consists in analyzing values for the slope D of falling temperatures or pressures.
  11. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that it consists in using a single temperature sensor (14) of the thermistor type.
  12. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that it consists in switching off the operation of the pump (11) on tie basis of an analysis of the slope D and a measurement of the running time of said pump (11).
  13. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that it consists in switching off the operation of the pump (11) on the basis of a measurement of the temperature of the boiler (12) and a measurement of the running time of said pump (11).
  14. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that, in order to determine when to switch off operation of said pump, use is also made of an initial temperature Tl of the boiler (12) as measured when switching the pump (11) on.
  15. A method according to claim 12 or claim 14, characterized in that, in order to determine when to switch off operation of said pump, use is also made of the open duty ratio Tx of the valve (15) as measured during operation of the pump (11).
EP97420211A 1996-11-13 1997-11-13 Steam generator Expired - Lifetime EP0843039B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9614041 1996-11-13
FR9614041A FR2755706B1 (en) 1996-11-13 1996-11-13 STEAM GENERATOR

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EP0843039A1 EP0843039A1 (en) 1998-05-20
EP0843039B1 true EP0843039B1 (en) 2001-11-28

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EP97420211A Expired - Lifetime EP0843039B1 (en) 1996-11-13 1997-11-13 Steam generator

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EP (1) EP0843039B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE209719T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69708580T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2166518T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2755706B1 (en)
PT (1) PT843039E (en)

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US8616157B2 (en) 2005-12-19 2013-12-31 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Apparatus and method for generating steam
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CN102373615B (en) * 2010-08-11 2013-04-24 漳州灿坤实业有限公司 Method and device for testing boiler iron without water, as well as iron with device
GB201017461D0 (en) 2010-10-15 2010-12-01 Strix Ltd Electric steam generation
DE102011006766B4 (en) * 2011-04-05 2014-12-04 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Steam generator and method for controlling the water supply of the steam generator
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CN103672837B (en) * 2012-08-31 2016-06-22 宁波新乐生活电器有限公司 A kind of electric liquid heating vessels
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FR3020817B1 (en) 2014-05-06 2016-05-13 Seb Sa METHOD OF OPERATING AN IRONING APPARATUS HAVING A TANK FOR THE GENERATION OF PRESSURIZED STEAM
FR3020818B1 (en) 2014-05-06 2016-05-20 Seb Sa METHOD OF OPERATING AN IRONING APPARATUS HAVING A TANK FOR THE GENERATION OF PRESSURIZED STEAM
DE102014106468A1 (en) * 2014-05-08 2015-11-12 Alfred Kärcher Gmbh & Co. Kg Steam cleaner
FR3025530B1 (en) 2014-09-09 2016-10-28 Seb Sa METHOD FOR OPERATING AN IRONING APPARATUS HAVING A MONOSTABLE SWITCH FOR SWITCHING ON AND OFF THE DEVICE
CN110547735B (en) * 2019-09-21 2021-11-30 尚科宁家(中国)科技有限公司 Steam generating method of steam mop and steam mop
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US8616157B2 (en) 2005-12-19 2013-12-31 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Apparatus and method for generating steam
EP1975308A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-01 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method for determining the liquid level in a boiler
WO2008120130A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-09 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method for determining the liquid level in a boiler
US20100107886A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2010-05-06 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method for determining the liquid level in a boiler
KR101465608B1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2014-11-27 코닌클리케 필립스 엔.브이. Method for determining the liquid level in a boiler
US9593975B2 (en) * 2007-03-30 2017-03-14 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Method for determining the liquid level in a boiler
EP3382089A1 (en) 2017-03-31 2018-10-03 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Steam ironing apparatus for detecting a lack of water
DE102017210030A1 (en) 2017-03-31 2018-10-04 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Steam ironing device for detecting water shortage

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Publication number Publication date
ES2166518T3 (en) 2002-04-16
DE69708580D1 (en) 2002-01-10
DE69708580T2 (en) 2002-07-04
PT843039E (en) 2002-05-31
ATE209719T1 (en) 2001-12-15
FR2755706A1 (en) 1998-05-15
FR2755706B1 (en) 1998-12-24
EP0843039A1 (en) 1998-05-20

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