EP0842246A1 - Composition detergente comprenant un tensioactif cationique du type ester et une protease - Google Patents

Composition detergente comprenant un tensioactif cationique du type ester et une protease

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Publication number
EP0842246A1
EP0842246A1 EP96923625A EP96923625A EP0842246A1 EP 0842246 A1 EP0842246 A1 EP 0842246A1 EP 96923625 A EP96923625 A EP 96923625A EP 96923625 A EP96923625 A EP 96923625A EP 0842246 A1 EP0842246 A1 EP 0842246A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surfactant
detergent composition
alkyl
weight
composition according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP96923625A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0842246A4 (fr
Inventor
Gerard Marcel Baillely
Robin Gibson Hall
Christian Leo Marie Vermote
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Publication of EP0842246A1 publication Critical patent/EP0842246A1/fr
Publication of EP0842246A4 publication Critical patent/EP0842246A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to detergent compositions adapted for use in laundry and dish washing processes. More specifically, the present invention relates to detergent compositions comprising a surfactant system in combination with a proteolytic enzyme which provide unexpectedly good detergency performance on proteinaceous soils.
  • anionic surfactants have been found to give the most effective cleaning performance, especially at high levels.
  • a problem encountered with the use of enzymes as components of detergents is that enzyme activity in the wash may be reduced by the presence of other detergent components in the wash solution such as high levels of anionic surfactants.
  • GB-1 ,375,450 discloses a detergent composition which is asserted to provide effective cleaning and soil removal performance.
  • the composition comprises an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant together with a proteolytic enzyme, wherein said cationic surfactant comprises two hydrophobic long chains.
  • suitable cationic surfactants are alkyl quaternary ammonium species as well as the ester compound formed from two moles of stearic acid and one mole of tri- ethanol-methyl-ammonium chloride, e.g. N,N-di(2-stearoyloxyethyl)-N-(2- hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride.
  • a problem encountered with such cationic surfactants is their relative insolubility in the wash which diminishes their value in detergent compositions.
  • EP-B-8142 discloses liquid detergent compositions comprising a ternary surfactant system containing anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants. More particularly disclosed is a liquid composition comprising 24% of an anionic surfactant (LAS), 18.5% of a nonionic surfactant ( C45E7) and 3.5% of Coconut (C12-C-14) dihydroxyethylmethyl ammonium chloride together with 0.4% of a Maxatase proteolylic enzyme, and wherein said composition is asserted to provide good soil removal performance.
  • LAS anionic surfactant
  • C45E7 nonionic surfactant
  • coconut (C12-C-14) dihydroxyethylmethyl ammonium chloride together with 0.4% of a Maxatase proteolylic enzyme
  • EP-B-51986 discloses a granular laundry detergent composition which is asserted to provide good grease and oil removal performance together with clay soil detergency.
  • the composition comprises, as a surfactant system a specified mixture of anionic, nonionic and water-soluble C ⁇ o _c 4 alkvl trimethyl quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant, wherein said cationic surfactant is in amount from 0.2% to 2% by weight.
  • the composition may additionally comprise a proteolytic enzyme.
  • a cationic ester surfactant ameliorates these problems. Not to be bound by theory, it is believed that such component reduces the critical micelle concentration of any anionic surfactant present in the composition. Hence, reducing the concentration of anionic surfactant monomers in the wash improves the enzyme performance. Further enhanced soil removal benefits are observed where the cationic ester surfactant contains one hydrophobic chain .
  • a detergent composition contains a surfactant system comprising an anionic surfactant and a cationic ester surfactant, in combination with a proteolytic enzyme enhanced stain/soil removal is obtained, especially on proteinaceous stains.
  • the Applicant has found that the further addition of an amylolytic enzyme to the composition of the present invention enhances the overall soil/stain removal performance.
  • a surfactant system comprising an anionic surfactant and a cationic ester surfactant, other than N,N-di(2- stearoyloxyethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride, present in a weight ratio of said anionic surfactant to said cationic ester surfactant of 2.5:1 to 25:1; and
  • weight ratio of said anionic surfactant to said proteolytic enzyme is at least 1.5:1.
  • Non limiting examples of enzymes which can be used for the purpose of the invention include Savinase, enzyme of the Bacillus Lentus type backbone such as Maxacal, Opticlean, Durazym and Properase, enzyme of the Bacillus Licheniformis type backbone such as Alcalase and Maxatase and enzyme of the Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens type backbone such as Primase.
  • Savinase enzyme of the Bacillus Lentus type backbone
  • Bacillus Licheniformis type backbone such as Alcalase and Maxatase
  • enzyme of the Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens type backbone such as Primase.
  • a protease is used having an activity of 16 knpu/g, the amount of protease will be reduced by a factor 4 to compensate for the extra activity of the protease.
  • proteases which are not supplied in Knpu/g units will also be converted according to the process described below so as to obtain uniform enzyme unit and enzyme activity, e.g 4 Knpu/g:
  • Alcalase of 1.25AU/g is found to be equivalent to 4Knpu/g.
  • the cationic ester surfactant is a water- dispersible surfactant selected from those having the formula: Ri O+(CH) n O ) t -N-R 3 M
  • Ri is a C5-C31 linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkaryl chain or M-.
  • X and Y independently, are selected from COO, OCO, O, CO, OCOO, GONH, NHCO, OCONH and NHCOO wherein at least one of X or Y is a COO, OCO, OCOO, OCONH or NHCOO group;
  • R2, R3, 4, Re, R7, and R ⁇ are independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxy-alkenyl and alkaryl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and
  • R5 is independently H or a C1-C3 alkyl group; wherein the values of m, n, s and t independently lie in the range of from 0 to 8, the value of b lies in the range from 0 to 20, and the values of a, u and v independently, are
  • Preferred water-dispersible cationic ester surfactants are the choline ester surfactants.
  • An essential element of the invention is a surfactant system present in amount from 1% to 95%, preferably from 3% to 50%, more preferably 4% to 40% and most preferably from 5% to 30% by weight of the detergent composition.
  • Said system comprises as essential components an anionic surfactant and a cationic ester surfactant.
  • the weight ratio of said anionic surfactant to said cationic ester surfactant in the surfactant system is from 2.5:1 to 25:1, preferably from 4:1 to 15:1, most preferably from 5:1 to 10:1.
  • any anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can be included in the compositions. These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of the anionic sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate and sarcosinate surfactants and mixtures thereof.
  • salts including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts of the anionic sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate and sarcosinate surfactants and mixtures thereof.
  • anionic surfactants include the isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, fatty acid amides of methyl tauride, alkyl succinates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated C 12 -C 18 monoesters) diesters of sulfosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated Cg-C 14 diesters), N-acyl sarcosinates.
  • Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tallow oil.
  • Anionic sulfate surfactants suitable for use herein include the linear and branched primary and secondary alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxysulfates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, the C5- C17 acyl-N-(C-
  • Alkyl ethoxysulfate surfactants are preferably selected from the C6-C18 alkyl sulfates which have been ethoxylated with from about 0.5 to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule. More preferably, the alkyl ethoxysulfate surfactant is a C ⁇ -Ci ⁇ alkyl sulfate which has been ethoxylated with from about 0.5 to about 20, preferably from about 0.5 to about 5, moles of ethylene oxide per molecule.
  • Anionic sulfonate surfactant Anionic sulfonate surfactant
  • Anionic sulfonate surfactants suitable for use herein include the salts of C5- C20 linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonates, C6-C22 primary or secondary alkane sulfonates, C6-C24 olefin sulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids, alkyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfonates, and any mixtures thereof.
  • Anionic carboxylate surfactant suitable for use herein include the alkyl ethoxy carboxylates, the alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactants and the soaps ('alkyl carboxyls'), especially certain secondary soaps as described herein.
  • Preferred alkyl ethoxy carboxylates for use herein include those with the formula RO(CH2CH2 ⁇ ) x CH2C00"M + wherein R is a CQ to C ⁇ alkyl group, x ranges from O to 10, and the ethoxylate distribution is such that, on a weight basis, the amount of material where x is 0 is less than about 20 %, and the amount of material where x is greater than 7, is less than about 25 %, the average x is from about 2 to 4 when the average R is C13 or less, and the average x is from about 3 to 10 when the average R is greater than C-13, and M is a cation, preferably chosen from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, mono-, di-, and tri-ethanol-ammonium, most preferably from sodium, potassium, ammonium and mixtures thereof with magnesium ions.
  • the preferred alkyl ethoxy carboxylates are those where R is a C12 to C18 alkyl group
  • Alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactants suitable for use herein include those having the formula
  • RO-(CHR-j-CHR2-O)-R3 wherein R is a CQ to C-
  • Preferred soap surfactants are secondary soap surfactants which contain a carboxyl unit connected to a secondary carbon.
  • the secondary carbon can be in a ring structure, e.g. as in p-octyl benzoic acid, or as in alkyl- substituted cyclohexyl carboxylates.
  • the secondary soap surfactants should preferably contain no ether linkages, no ester linkages and no hydroxyl groups. There should preferably be no nitrogen atoms in the head-group (amphiphilic portion).
  • the secondary soap surfactants usually contain 11-15 total carbon atoms, although slightly more (e.g., up to 16) can be tolerated, e.g. p-octyl benzoic acid.
  • a highly preferred class of secondary soaps comprises the secondary carboxyl materials of the formula R 3 CH(R 4 )COOM, wherein R 3 is CH3(CH2)x and R 4 is CH3(CH2) , wherein y can be O or an integer from 1 to 4, x is an integer from 4 to 10 and the sum of (x + y) is 6-10, preferably 7- 9, most preferably 8.
  • Another preferred class of secondary soaps comprises those carboxyl compounds wherein the carboxyl substituent is on a ring hydrocarbyl unit, i.e., secondary soaps of the formula R 5 -R 6 -COOM, wherein R 5 is C 7 -C 10 , preferably C ⁇ -C®, alkyl or alkenyl and R 6 is a ring structure, such as benzene, cyclopentane and cyclohexane. (Note: R ⁇ can be in the ortho, meta or para position relative to the carboxyl on the ring.)
  • Still another preferred class of secondary soaps comprises secondary carboxyl compounds of the formula
  • the species M can be any suitable, especially water-solubilizing, counterion.
  • Especially preferred secondary soap surfactants for use herein are water ⁇ soluble members selected from the water-soluble salts of 2-methyl-1- undecanoic acid, 2-ethyl-1 -decanoic acid, 2-propyl-1 -nonanoic acid, 2-butyl- 1-octanoic acid and 2-pentyl-1 -heptanoic acid.
  • alkali metal sarcosinates of formula R-CON (R 1 ) CH2 COOM, wherein R is a C5-C17 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group, R 1 is a C1-C4 alkyl group and M is an alkali metal ion.
  • R is a C5-C17 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group
  • R 1 is a C1-C4 alkyl group
  • M is an alkali metal ion.
  • An essential component of the surfactant system is a water dispersible cationic ester surfactant. That is, a water dispersible compound having surfactant properties comprising at least one ester (ie -COO-) linkage and at least one cationically charged group.
  • ester compound formed from two moles of stearic acid and one mole of tri- ethanol-methyl-ammonium chloride, e.g. N,N-di(2-stearoyloxyethyl)-N-(2- hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride.
  • Suitable cationic ester surfactants including choline ester surfactants, have for example been disclosed in US Patents No.s 4228042, 4239660 and 4260529.
  • Preferred water dispersible cationic ester surfactants are those having the formula:
  • R- j is a C5-C31 linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkaryl chain or M".
  • N + (R ⁇ R7R8)(CH2)s; X and Y, independently, are selected from COO, OCO, O, CO, OCOO, CONH, NHCO, OCONH and NHCOO wherein at least one of X or Y is a COO, OCO, OCOO, OCONH or NHCOO group; R2, R3, R4. R ⁇ .
  • R ⁇ are independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxy-alkenyl and alkaryl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and R5 is independently H or a C1-C3 alkyl group; wherein the values of m, n, s and t independently lie in the range of from 0 to 8, the value of b lies in the range from 0 to 20, and the values of a, u and v independently, are either 0 or 1 with the proviso that at least one of u or v must be 1 ; and wherein M is a counter anion.
  • R2.R3 and R4 are independently selected from CH3 and -CH 2 CH 2 OH.
  • M is selected from halide, methyl sulfate, sulfate, and nitrate, more preferably methyl sulfate, chloride, bromide or iodide.
  • Preferred water dispersible cationic ester surfactants are the choline esters having the formula:
  • Ri is a C-j -j-C-jg linear or branched alkyl chain.
  • choline ester compounds among the above disclosed are cocoyi choline ester quatemary methylammonium halides.
  • the particularly preferred choline esters may be prepared by the direct esterification of a fatty acid of the desired chain length with dimethylaminoethanol, in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction product is then quaternized with a methyl halide, forming the desired cationic material. They may also be prepared by the direct esterification of a long chain fatty acid of the desired chain length together with 2-haloethanol, in the presence of an acid catalyst material. The reaction product is then quaternized with trimethylamine, forming the desired cationic material.
  • Suitable cationic ester surfactants have the structural formulas below, wherein d may be from 0 to 20.
  • the cationic ester surfactant is present in amount from 1% to 20%, preferably 4% to 15% and more preferably 5% to 12% by weight of the surfactant system.
  • An essential component of the detergent composition is an enzyme showing proteolytic activity.
  • the level of proteolytic enzyme in the formulation is based on an enzyme activity of 4 Knpu g of the enzyme particle.
  • compositions herein will typically comprise from 0.0001% to 5%, preferably from 0.001% to 4% and more preferably from 0.005% to 2% active protease by weight of the composition.
  • the weight ratio of said anionic surfactant to said proteolytic enzyme is at least 1.5:1, preferably at least 3:1 and more preferably at least 5:1.
  • Suitable enzymes, for the purpose of the invention have for example been disclosed in US Patents 3,519,570 and 3,533,139.
  • Non limiting examples of proteolytic enzymes which can be used for the purpose of the invention include Savinase, enzyme of the Bacillus Lentus type backbone such as Maxacal, Opticlean, Durazym and Properase, enzyme of the Bacillus Licheniformis type backbone such as Alcalase and Maxatase and enzyme of the Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens type backbone such as Primase.
  • protease enzymes include those sold under the tradenames Alcalase, Savinase, Primase, Durazym, and Esperase by Novo Industries A/S (Denmark), those sold under the tradename Maxatase, Maxacal and Maxapem by Gist-Brocades, those sold by Genencor intemational, and those sold under the tradename Opticlean and Optimase by Solvay Enzymes. Mixture of the herein before described proteases may be used. A most preferred protease is Savinase.
  • the detergent composition of the invention has further been found to produce an enhanced soil removal performance in presence of one or more additional enzymes selected from amylase, cellulase, lipase, peroxidase, endoglucanase enzymes and mixtures thereof, preferably amylase enzymes.
  • These enzymes may be inco ⁇ orated into the composition in accordance with the invention at a level of 0.0001% to 5% active enzyme by weight of the composition.
  • Preferred amylases usable in the present invention include, for example, ⁇ - amylases obtained from a special strain of B licheniformis, described in more detail in GB-1 ,269,839 (Novo).
  • Preferred commercially available amylases include for example, those sold under the tradename Rapidase by Gist-Brocades, and those sold under the tradename Termamyl and BAN by Novo Industries A/S.
  • the cellulases usable in the present invention include both bacterial or fungal cellulase. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 9.5. Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S.
  • Patent 4,435,307 which discloses fungal cellulase produced from Humicola insolens and Humicola strain DSM1800 or a cellulase 212-producing fungus belonging to the genus Aeromonas, and cellulase extracted from the hepatopancreas of a marine mollusk (Dolabella Auricula Solander). Suitable cellulases are also disclosed in GB-A T 2.075.028; GB-A-2.095.275 and DE-OS-2.247.832. ENDO A, CAREZYME both from Novo Industries A/S are especially useful.
  • Suitable lipase enzymes for detergent usage include those produced by microorganisms of the Pseudomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in GB 1,372,034. See also lipases in Japanese Patent Application 53,20487, laid open to public inspection on February 24, 1978. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P "Amano,” hereinafter referred to as "Amano-P.” Other commercial lipases include Amano-CES, lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum, e.g. Chromobacter viscosum var.
  • lipolyticum NRRLB 3673 commercially available from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; and further Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Co ⁇ ., U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., The Netherlands, lipases ex Pseudomonas gladioli.
  • cutinases [EC 3.1.1.50] which can be considered as a special kind of lipase, namely lipases which do not require interfacial activation. Addition of cutinases to detergent compositions have been described in e.g. EP-B-0,322,429 (Genencor) and EP-A- 0,652,939 (Unilever).
  • the LIPOLASE enzyme derived from Humicola lanuginosa and commercially available from Novo is a preferred lipase for use herein.
  • Peroxidase enzymes are used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g., percarbonate, perborate, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc. They are used for "solution bleaching," i.e. to prevent transfer of dyes or pigments removed from substrates during wash operations to other substrates in the wash solution.
  • Peroxidase enzymes are known in the art, and include, for example, horseradish peroxidase, ligninase, and haloperoxidase such as chloro- and bromo-peroxidase.
  • Peroxidase-containing detergent compositions are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0,424,398.
  • a wide range of enzyme materials and means for their incorporation into synthetic detergent compositions are also disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,553,139. Enzymes are further disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,101,457 and in U.S. Patent 4,507,219. Enzyme materials useful for liquid detergent formulations, and their inco ⁇ oration into such formulations, are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,261,868. Enzymes for use in detergents can be stabilized by various techniques. Enzyme stabilisation techniques are disclosed and exemplified in U.S. Patent 3,600,319 and EP 0 199 405. Enzyme stabilisation systems are also described, for example, in U.S. Patent 3,519,570.
  • the surfactant system may further comprises additional surfactants which are not detrimental to the system.
  • additional surfactants may include nonionic, ampholytic, amphoteric, zwitterionic, and non-ester cationic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
  • the additional surfactant is preferably present at a level from 0.1% to 50%, more preferably from 1% to 40%, most preferably from 5% to 30% by weight of the surfactant system.
  • any anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can be included in the compositions.
  • Exemplary, non-limiting classes of useful nonionic surfactants are listed below.
  • Nonionic polvhvdroxy fattv acid amide surfactant Nonionic polvhvdroxy fattv acid amide surfactant
  • Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides suitable for use herein are those having the structural formula R 2 CONR 1 Z wherein : R1 is H, C1-C4 hydrocarbyl, 2- hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl, ethoxy, propoxy group or a mixture thereof, preferable C1-C4 alkyl, more preferably Ci or C2 alkyl, most preferably Ci alkyl (i.e., methyl); and R2 is a C5-C31 hydrocarbyl, preferably straight- chain C5-C19 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight-chain C9-C17 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight-chain C1 -C17 alkyl or alkenyl, or mixture thereof; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof.
  • Z
  • polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols are suitable for use herein.
  • the polyethylene oxide condensates are preferred.
  • These compounds include the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration with the alkylene oxide.
  • alkyl ethoxylate condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with from about 0 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide are suitable for use herein.
  • the alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms with from about 2 to about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
  • Nonionic ethoxylated/propoxylated fattv alcohol surfactant The ethoxylated C ⁇ -Ci ⁇ fatty alcohols and C ⁇ -Ci ⁇ mixed ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohols are suitable surfactants for use herein, particularly where water soluble.
  • the ethoxylated fatty alcohols are the C10-C18 ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a degree of ethoxylation of from 3 to 50, most preferably these are the C12-C18 ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a degree of ethoxylation from 3 to 40.
  • the mixed ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohols have an alkyl chain length of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, a degree of ethoxylation of from 3 to 30 and a degree of propoxylation of from 1 to 10.
  • Nonionic EO/PO condensates with propylene glvcol The condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol are suitable for use herein.
  • the hydrophobic portion of these compounds preferably has a molecular weight of from about 1500 to about 1800 and exhibits water insolubility. Examples of compounds of this type include certain of the commercially-available PluronicTM surfactants, marketed by BASF.
  • condensation products of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine are suitable for use herein.
  • the hydrophobic moiety of these products consists of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and excess propylene oxide, and generally has a molecular weight of from about 2500 to about 3000.
  • this type of nonionic surfactant include certain of the commercially available TetronicT compounds, marketed by BASF.
  • Suitable alkylpolysaccharides for use herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,565,647, Llenado, issued January 21, 1986, having a hydrophobic group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from about 1.3 to about 10, preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7 saccharide units.
  • Any reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g., glucose, galactose and galactosyl moieties can be substituted for the glucosyl moieties.
  • the hydrophobic group is attached at the 2-, 3-, 4-, etc. positions thus giving a glucose or galactose as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside.
  • the intersaccharide bonds can be, e.g., between the one position of the additional saccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, and/or 6- positions on the preceding saccharide units.
  • the preferred alkylpolyglycosides have the formula
  • R2 ⁇ (C n H 2n O)t(glycosyl) x
  • R 2 is selected from alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl groups contain from 10 to 18, preferably from 12 to 14, carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3; t is from 0 to 10, preferably 0, and X is from 1.3 to 8, preferably from 1.3 to 3, most preferably from 1.3 to 2.7.
  • the glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose.
  • Nonionic fatty acid amide surfactant Nonionic fatty acid amide surfactant
  • Fatty acid amide surfactants suitable for use herein are those having the formula: R 6 CON(R 7 )2 wherein R 6 is an alkyl group containing from 7 to 21, preferably from 9 to 17 carbon atoms and each J is selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, and -(C2H4 ⁇ ) x H, where x is in the range of from 1 to 3.
  • Suitable amphoteric surfactants for use herein include the amine oxide surfactants and the alkyl amphocarboxylic acids.
  • Miranol(TM) C2M Cone manufactured by Miranol, Inc., Dayton, NJ.
  • Amine oxides useful herein include those compounds having the formula R 3 (OR 4 ) x N0(R 5 )2 wherein R 3 is selected from an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, acylamidopropoyl and alkyl phenyl group, or mixtures thereof, containing from 8 to 26 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms; R 4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group containing from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably 2 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof; x is from 0 to 5, preferably from 0 to 3; and each R ⁇ is an alkyl or hydyroxyalkyl group containing from 1 to 3, preferably from 1 to 2 carbon atoms, or a polyethylene oxide group containing from 1 to 3, preferable 1 , ethylene oxide groups.
  • the R ⁇ groups can be attached to each other, e.g., through an oxygen or nitrogen atom, to form a ring structure.
  • amine oxide surfactants in particular include C10-C18 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and C ⁇ -C ⁇ alkoxy ethyl dihydroxyethyl amine oxides.
  • examples of such materials include dimethyloctylamine oxide, diethyldecylamine oxide, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylamine oxide, dimethyldodecylamine oxide, dipropyltetradecylami ⁇ e oxide, methylethylhexadecylamine oxide, dodecylamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide, cetyl dimethylamine oxide, stearyl dimethylamine oxide, tallow dimethylamine oxide and dimethyl-2-hydroxyoctadecylamine oxide.
  • Preferred are C10-C18 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, and C10-I8 acylamido alkyl dimethylamine oxide.
  • Zwitterionic surfactants can also be incorporated into the detergent compositions hereof. These surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. Betaine and sultaine surfactants are exemplary zwitterionic surfactants for use herein.
  • the betaines useful herein are those compounds having the formula R(R')2N + R 2 COO" wherein R is a CQ-C ⁇ Q hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C10-C16 alkyl group or C 0-I6 acylamido alkyl group, each R1 is typically C1-C3 alkyl, preferably methyl.m and R 2 is a C1-C5 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkylene group, more preferably a C1-C2 alkylene group.
  • betaines examples include coconut acylamidopropyldimethyl betaine; hexadecyl dimethyl betaine; C 12-14 acylamidopropylbetaine; C ⁇ -14 acylamidohexyldiethyl betaine; 4[Ci4_ ⁇ acylmethylamidodiethylammonio]-1 -carboxybutane; C 16-18 acylamidodimethylbetaine; C12-I6 acylamidopentanediethyl-betaine; [C12- 16 acylmethylamidodimethylbetaine.
  • Preferred betaines are C12-I8 dimethyl-ammonio hexanoate and the C10-I8 acylamidopropane (or ethane) dimethyl (or diethyl) betaines.
  • Complex betaine surfactants are also suitable for use herein.
  • the sultaines useful herein are those compounds having the formula (R(R 1 )2N + R 2 SO3" wherein R is a CQ-C ⁇ Q hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C10-C16 alkyl group, more preferably a C12-C13 alkyl group, each R 1 is typically C1-C3 alkyl, preferably methyl, and R 2 is a C1-C6 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkylene or, preferably, hydroxyalkylene group.
  • R is a CQ-C ⁇ Q hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C10-C16 alkyl group, more preferably a C12-C13 alkyl group, each R 1 is typically C1-C3 alkyl, preferably methyl, and R 2 is a C1-C6 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkylene or, preferably, hydroxyalkylene group.
  • Ampholytic surfactant is
  • Ampholytic surfactants can be incorporated into the detergent compositions herein. These surfactants can be broadly described as aliphatic derivatives of secondary or tertiary amines, or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight chain or branched.
  • Non ester cationic surfactants can also be used in the detergent compositions herein.
  • Suitable non ester cationic surfactants include the quaternary ammonium surfactants selected from mono C ⁇ -Ci ⁇ , preferably C ⁇ -Cio N-alkyl or alkenyl ammonium surfactants wherein the remaining N positions are substituted by methyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl groups.
  • the detergent composition of the invention may further comprises additional components which are not detrimental to the composition.
  • additional components include builders, chelants, alkaline hydrogen peroxide sources, peroxyacid bleach precursors, polymeric dispersing agents and conventional detersive adjuncts.
  • Detergent builders can optionally be included in the compositions herein to assist in controlling mineral hardness. Inorganic as well as organic builders can be used. Builders are typically used in fabric laundering compositions to assist in the removal of particulate soils.
  • the level of builder can vary widely depending upon the end use of the composition and its desired physical form. When present, the compositions will typically comprise at least 1% builder. Granular formulations typically comprise from 10% to 80%, more typically from 15% to 50% by weight, of the detergent builder. Lower or higher levels of builder, however, are not meant to be excluded.
  • Inorganic or phosphate-containing detergent builders include, but are not limited to, the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphates (exemplified by the tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and glassy polymeric meta-phosphates).
  • Non-phosphate builders may also be used. These can include, but are not restricted to phytic acid, silicates, alkali metal carbonates (including bicarbonates and sesquicarbonates), sulphates, aluminosilicates, monomeric polycarboxylates, homo or copolymeric polycarboxylic acids or their salts in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxylic radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms.
  • silicate builders are the crystalline layered silicates, such as the layered sodium silicates described in U.S. Patent 4,664,839.
  • NaSKS-6 is the trademark for a crystalline layered silicate marketed by Hoechst (commonly abbreviated herein as "SKS-6").
  • Na SKS-6 silicate builder does not contain aluminum.
  • NaSKS-6 has the delta- Na2Si2 ⁇ 5 morphology form of layered silicate. It can be prepared by methods such as those described in German DE-A-3,417,649 and DE-A- 3,742,043.
  • SKS-6 is a highly preferred layered silicate for use herein, but other such layered silicates, such as those having the general formula NaMSi x ⁇ 2 ⁇ +i-yH2 ⁇ wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4, preferably 2, and y is a number from 0 to 20, preferably 0 can be used herein.
  • layered silicates from Hoechst include NaSKS- 5, NaSKS-7 and NaSKS-11 , as the alpha, beta and gamma forms.
  • the delta-Na2S-2 ⁇ 5 (NaSKS-6 form) is most preferred for use herein.
  • Other silicates may also be useful such as for example magnesium silicate, which can serve as a crispening agent in granular formulations, as a stabilising agent for oxygen bleaches, and as a component of suds control systems.
  • Aluminosilicate builders are especially useful in the present invention.
  • Aluminosilicate builders are of great importance in most currently marketed heavy duty granular detergent compositions, and can also be a significant builder ingredient in liquid detergent formulations.
  • Aluminosilicate builders include those having the empirical formula: Na z [(Al ⁇ 2) z (Si ⁇ 2) y ].xH2O wherein z and y are integers of at least 6, the molar ratio of z to y is in the range from 1.0 to 0.5, and x is an integer from 15 to 264.
  • aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are commercially available. These aluminosilicates can be crystalline or amo ⁇ hous in structure and can be naturally-occurring aluminosilicates or synthetically derived. A method for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,985,669. Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite P (B), Zeolite MAP and Zeolite X. In an especially preferred embodiment, the crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange material has the formula:
  • the aluminosilicate has a particle size of 0.1-10 microns in diameter.
  • Organic detergent builders suitable for the purposes of the present invention include, but are not restricted to, a wide variety of polycarboxylate compounds.
  • polycarboxylate refers to compounds having a plurality of carboxylate groups, preferably at least 3 carboxylates.
  • Polycarboxylate builder can generally be added to the composition in acid form, but can also be added in the form of a neutralised salt. When utilized in salt form, alkali metals, such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, or alkanolammonium salts are preferred.
  • polycarboxylate builders include a variety of categories of useful materials.
  • One important category of polycarboxylate builders encompasses the ether polycarboxylates, including oxydisuccinate, as disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,128,287 and U.S. Patent 3,635,830. See also 'TMS TDS" builders of U.S. Patent 4,663,071.
  • Suitable ether polycarboxylates also include cyclic compounds, particularly alicyclic compounds, such as those described in U.S. Patents 3,923,679; 3,835,163; 4,158,635; 4,120,874 and 4,102,903.
  • ether hydroxypolycarboxylates copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, or acrylic acid, 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy benzene-2, 4, 6- trisulphonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid
  • acrylic acid 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy benzene-2, 4, 6- trisulphonic acid
  • carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid the various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, as well as polycarboxylates such as mellitic acid, succinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof.
  • Citrate builders e.g., citric acid and soluble salts thereof (particularly sodium salt), are polycarboxylate builders of particular importance for heavy duty liquid detergent formulations due to their availability from renewable resources and their biodegradability. Citrates can also be used in granular compositions, especially in combination with zeolite and/or layered silicate builders. Oxydisuccinates are also especially useful in such compositions and combinations.
  • succinic acid builders include the C5-C20 alkyl and alkenyl succinic acids and salts thereof.
  • a particularly preferred compound of this type is dodecenylsuccinic acid.
  • succinate builders include: laurylsuccinate, myristylsuccinate, palmitylsuccinate, 2-dodecenylsuccinate (preferred), 2-pentadecenylsucci- nate, and the like. Laurylsuccinates are the preferred builders of this group, and are described in EP 0,200,263.
  • Fatty acids e.g., C 2-C18 monocarboxylic acids
  • the aforesaid builders especially citrate and/or the succinate builders, to provide additional builder activity.
  • Such use of fatty acids will generally result in a diminution of sudsing, which should be taken into account by the formulator.
  • Chelating agents generally comprise from 0.1% to 10% by weight of the compositions herein. More preferably, if utilized, the chelating agents will comprise from 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of such compositions.
  • a chelating agent can be selected from amino carboxylate, organic phosphonate, polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic compound, nitriloacetic acid and mixture thereof. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the benefit of these materials is due in part to their exceptional ability to remove transition metal ions such as iron and manganese ions from washing solutions by formation of soluble chelates.
  • Amino carboxylates useful as optional chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetracetates, ethylenediamine disuccinate, N- hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetates, 2-hydroxypropylene diamine disuccinate, nitrilotriacetates, ethylenediamine tetraproprionates, triethylenetetraaminehexacetates, ethylene triamine pentaacetate, diethylenetriaminepentaacetates, and ethanoldiglycines, alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts therein and mixtures therein.
  • Preferred amino carboxylates chelants for use herein are ethylenediamine disuccinate ("EDDS"), especially the [S,S] isomer as described in U.S. Patent 4,704,233, ethylenediamine-N,N'-diglutamate (EDDG) and 2- hydroxypropylene-diamine-N,N'-disuccinate (HPDDS) compounds.
  • EDDS ethylenediamine disuccinate
  • a most preferred amino carboxylate chelant is ethylenediamine disuccinate.
  • Organic phosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the compositions of the invention when at least low levels of total phosphorus are permitted in detergent compositions, and include ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylenephosphonates) available under the trademark DEQUEST from Monsanto, diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonate), ethylene diamine tri (methylene phosphonate), hexamethylene diamine tetra (methylene phosphonate), ⁇ -hydroxy-2 phenyl ethyl diphosphonate, methylene diphosphonate, hydroxy 1,1-hexylidene, vinylidene 1,1 diphosphonate, 1,2 dihydroxyethane 1,1 diphosphonate and hydroxy-ethane 1,1 diphosphonate.
  • methylenephosphonates ethylenediaminetetrakis
  • these amino phosphonates do not contain alkyl or alkenyl groups with more than 6 carbon atoms.
  • Preferred chelants are the diphosphonate derivatives selected from ⁇ - hydroxy-2 phenyl ethyl diphosphonate, methylene diphosphonate, hydroxy 1,1-hexylidene, vinylidene 1,1 diphosphonate, 1,2 dihydroxyethane 1,1 diphosphonate and hydroxy-ethane 1,1 diphosphonate.
  • a most preferred is hydroxy-ethane 1,1 diphosphonate.
  • Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents are also useful in the compositions herein. See U.S. Patent 3,812,044.
  • Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are dihydroxydisulfobenzenes such as 1 ,2-dihydroxy- 3,5-disulfobenzene.
  • Detergent compositions of the present invention may include an inorganic perhydrate bleach, normally in the form of the sodium salt, as the source of alkaline hydrogen peroxide in the wash liquor.
  • This perhydrate is normally inco ⁇ orated at a level of from 1 % to 40% by weight, more preferably from
  • the perhydrate may be any of the alkali metal inorganic salts such as perborate monohydrate or tetrahydrate, percarbonate, perphosphate and persilicate salts, but is conventionally an alkali metal perborate or percarbonate.
  • Sodium percarbonate which is the preferred perhydrate, is an addition compound having a formula corresponding to 2Na2CO3.3H2O2, and is available commercially as a crystalline solid. Most commercially available material includes a low level of a heavy metal sequestrant such as EDTA, 1- hydroxyethylidene 1 , 1 -diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or an amino ⁇ phosphonate, that is incorporated during the manufacturing process.
  • EDTA 1- hydroxyethylidene 1 , 1 -diphosphonic acid
  • HEDP 1- hydroxyethylidene 1 , 1 -diphosphonic acid
  • the percarbonate can be incorporated into detergent compositions without additional protection, but preferred executions of such compositions utilise a coated form of the material.
  • a variety of coatings can be used including borosilicate borate, boric acid and citrate or sodium silicate of SiO2:Na2O ratio from 1.6:1 to 3.4:1, preferably 2.8:1, applied as an aqueous solution to give a level of from 2% to 10%, (normally from 3% to 5%) of silicate solids by weight of the percarbonate.
  • the most preferred coating is a mixture of sodium carbonate and sulphate or sodium chloride.
  • the particle size range of the crystalline percarbonate is from 350 micrometers to 1500 micrometers with a mean of approximately 500-1000 micrometers.
  • Peroxyacid bleach precursors are compounds which react with hydrogen peroxide in a perhydrolysis reaction to produce a peroxyacid.
  • peroxyacid bleach precursors may be represented as
  • L is a leaving group and X is essentially any functionality, such that on perhydrolysis the structure of the peroxyacid produced is O
  • Peroxyacid bleach precursor compounds are preferably incorporated at a level of from 0.1% to 60% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 40% by weight of the detergent composition.
  • L group The leaving group, hereinafter L group, must be sufficiently reactive for the perhydrolysis reaction to occur within the optimum time frame (e.g., a wash cycle). However, if L is too reactive, this activator will be difficult to stabilize for use in a bleaching composition.
  • Preferred L groups are selected from the group consisting of:
  • R is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, R is an alkyl chain containing from 1
  • R is H or R
  • Y is H or a solubilizing group.
  • R , R and R may be substituted by essentially any functional group including, for example alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, amine, nitrosyl, amide and ammonium or alkyl ammonium groups
  • the preferred solubilizing groups are -SO 3 " M + , -CO 2 " M + , -SO M + , -N + (R 3 ) 4 X " and O ⁇ -N(R 3 ) 3 and most preferably -SO 3 " M + and -CO 2 " M + wherein R is an alkyl chain containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, M is a cation which provides solubility to the bleach activator and X is an anion which provides solubility to the bleach activator.
  • M is an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cation, with sodium and potassium being most preferred
  • X is a halide, hydroxide, methylsulfate or acetate anion.
  • Suitable peroxyacid bleach precursor materials are compounds containing one or more N- or O-acyl groups. These can be selected from a wide range of classes that include anhydrides, esters, imides, lactams and acylated derivatives of imidazoles and oximes. Examples of useful materials within these classes are disclosed in GB-A-1586789. Suitable esters are disclosed in GB-A-836988, 864798, 1147871, 2143231 and EP-A-0170386.
  • compositions containing mixtures of any of the precursors hereinafter disclosed are also contemplated by the present invention.
  • Perbenzoic acid precursor compounds provide perbenzoic acid on perhydrolysis.
  • Suitable O-acylated perbenzoic acid precursor compounds include the substituted and unsubstituted benzoyl oxybenzene sulfonates, including for example benzoyl oxybenzene sulfonate:
  • benzoylation products of sorbitol, glucose, and all saccharides with benzoylating agents including for example:
  • Perbenzoic acid precursor compounds of the imide type include N-benzoyl succinimide, tetrabenzoyi ethylene diamine and the N-benzoyl substituted ureas.
  • Suitable imidazole type perbenzoic acid precursors include N- benzoyl imidazole and N-benzoyl benzimidazole and other useful N-acyl group-containing perbenzoic acid precursors include N-benzoyl pyrrolidone, dibenzoyl taurine and benzoyl pyroglutamic acid.
  • perbenzoic acid precursors include the benzoyl diacyl peroxides, the benzoyl tetraacyl peroxides, and the compound having the formula:
  • Phthalic anhydnde is another suitable perbenzoic acid precursor compound herein:
  • Suitable N-acylated precursor compounds of the Iactam class are disclosed generally in GB-A-855735.
  • Suitable caprolactam bleach precursors which may be used herein are of the formula:
  • R 6 is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable valero lactams have the formula:
  • R ⁇ is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • R ⁇ is selected from phenyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, decenyl and mixtures thereof.
  • the most preferred materials are those which are normally solid at ⁇ 30°C, particularly the phenyl derivatives, ie. benzoyl valerolactam, benzoyl caprolactam and their substituted benzoyl analogues such as chloro, amino alkyl, alkyl, aryl and alkyloxy derivatives.
  • Caprolactam and valerolactam precursor materials wherein the R 6 moiety contains at least 6, preferably from 6 to about 12, carbon atoms provide peroxyacids on perhydrolysis of a hydrophobic character which afford nudeophilic and body soil clean-up.
  • Precursor compounds wherein R ⁇ comprises from 1 to 6 carbon atoms provide hydrophilic bleaching species which are particularly efficient for bleaching beverage stains.
  • Mixtures of 'hydrophobic' and 'hydrophilic' caprolactams and valero lactams typically at weight ratios of 1 :5 to 5:1 , preferably 1:1, can be used herein for mixed stain removal benefits.
  • Perbenzoic acid derivative precursors provide substituted perbenzoic acids on perhydrolysis.
  • Suitable substituted perbenzoic acid derivative precursors include any of the herein disclosed perbenzoic precursors in which the benzoyl group is substituted by essentially any non-positively charged (ie; non-cationic) functional group including, for example alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, amine, nitrosyl and amide groups.
  • a preferred class of substituted perbenzoic acid precursor compounds are the amide substituted compounds of the following general formulae:
  • Rl is an aryl or alkaryl group with from 1 to 14 carbon atoms
  • R 2 is an arylene, or alkarylene group containing from 1 to 14 carbon atoms
  • R 5 is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and L can be essentially any leaving group.
  • R-! preferably contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • R 2 preferably contains from 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • R 1 may be aryl, substituted aryl or alkylaryl containing branching, substitution, or both and may be sourced from either synthetic sources or natural sources including for example, tallow fat. Analogous structural variations are permissible for R 2 .
  • substitution can include alkyl, aryl, halogen, nitrogen, sulphur and other typical substituent groups or organic compounds.
  • R 5 is preferably H or methyl.
  • R 1 and R 5 should not contain more than 18 carbon atoms in total. Amide substituted bleach activator compounds of this type are described in EP-A-0170386.
  • Cationic peroxyacid precursor compounds produce cationic peroxyacids on perhydrolysis.
  • cationic peroxyacid precursors are formed by substituting the peroxyacid part of a suitable peroxyacid precursor compound with a positively charged functional group, such as an ammonium or alkyl ammonium group, preferably an ethyl or methyl ammonium group.
  • Cationic peroxyacid precursors are typically present in the solid detergent compositions as a salt with a suitable anion, such as a halide ion.
  • the peroxyacid precursor compound to be so cationically substituted may be a perbenzoic acid, or substituted derivative thereof, precursor compound as described hereinbefore.
  • the peroxyacid precursor compound may be an alkyl percarboxylic acid precursor compound or an amide substituted alkyl peroxyacid precursor as described hereinafter
  • Cationic peroxyacid precursors are described in U.S. Patents 4,904,406; 4,751,015; 4,988,451; 4,397,757; 5,269,962; 5,127,852; 5,093,022; 5,106,528; U.K. 1,382,594; EP 475,512, 458,396 and 284,292; and in JP 87-318,332.
  • Suitable cationic peroxyacid precursors include any of the ammonium or alkyl ammonium substituted alkyl or benzoyl oxybenzene sulfonates, N- acylated caprolactams, and monobenzoyltetraacetyl glucose benzoyl peroxides.
  • a preferred cationically substituted benzoyl oxybenzene sulfonate is the 4- (trimethyl ammonium) methyl derivative of benzoyl oxybenzene sulfonate:
  • a preferred cationically substituted alkyl oxybenzene sulfonate has the formula:
  • Preferred cationic peroxyacid precursors of the N-acylated caprolactam class include the trialkyl ammonium methylene benzoyl caprolactams, particularly trimethyl ammonium methylene benzoyl caprolactam:
  • N-acylated caprolactam class examples include the trialkyl ammonium methylene alkyl caprolactams:
  • n is from 0 to 12.
  • Another preferred cationic peroxyacid precursor is 2-(N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium) ethyl sodium 4-sulphophenyl carbonate chloride.
  • Alkyl percarboxylic acid bleach precursors form percarboxylic acids on perhydrolysis.
  • Preferred precursors of this type provide peracetic acid on perhydrolysis.
  • Preferred alkyl percarboxylic precursor compounds of the imide type include the N-,N,N1N1 tetra acetylated alkylene diamines wherein the alkylene group contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly those compounds in which the alkylene group contains 1, 2 and 6 carbon atoms. Tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) is particularly preferred.
  • TAED Tetraacetyl ethylene diamine
  • alkyl percarboxylic acid precursors include sodium 3,5,5-tri- methyl hexanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (ISONOBS), sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (NOBS), sodium acetoxybenzene sulfonate (ABS) and pentaacetyl glucose.
  • ISONOBS sodium 3,5,5-tri- methyl hexanoyloxybenzene sulfonate
  • NOBS sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate
  • ABS sodium acetoxybenzene sulfonate
  • pentaacetyl glucose pentaacetyl glucose
  • Amide substituted alkyl peroxyacid precursor compounds are also suitable, including those of the following general formulae:
  • R ⁇ is an alkyl group with from 1 to 14 carbon atoms
  • R 2 is an alkylene group containing from 1 to 14 carbon atoms
  • R ⁇ is H or an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and L can be essentially any leaving group.
  • R 1 preferably contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • R 2 preferably contains from 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • R 1 may be straight chain or branched alkyl containing branching, substitution, or both and may be sourced from either synthetic sources or natural sources including for example, tallow fat. Analogous structural variations are permissible for R 2 .
  • the substitution can include alkyl, halogen, nitrogen, sulphur and other typical substituent groups or organic compounds.
  • R 5 is preferably H or methyl.
  • R 1 and R 5 should not contain more than 18 carbon atoms in total. Amide substituted bleach activator compounds of this type are described in EP-A-0170386.
  • precursor compounds of the benzoxazin-type as disclosed for example in EP-A-332,294 and EP-A-482,807, particularly those having the formula:
  • R 1 is H, alkyl, alkaryl, aryl, arylalkyl, and wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and Rc may be the same or different substituents selected from H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, alkyl amino, COORg (wherein Rg is H or an alkyl group) and carbonyl functions.
  • An especially preferred precursor of the benzoxazin-type is:
  • Bleaching agents other than oxygen bleaching agents are also known in the art and can be utilized herein.
  • One type of non-oxygen bleaching agent of particular interest includes photoactivated bleaching agents such as the sulfonated zinc and/or aluminum phthalocyanines. See U.S. Patent 4,033,718, issued July 5, 1977 to Holcombe et al. If used, detergent compositions will typically contain from 0.025% to 1.25%, by weight, of such bleaches, especially sulfonate zinc phthalocyanine.
  • the bleaching compounds can be catalyzed by means of a manganese compound.
  • a manganese compound Such compounds are well known in the art and include, for example, the manganese-based catalysts disclosed in U.S. Pat. 5,246,621, U.S. Pat. 5,244,594; U.S. Pat. 5,194,416; U.S. Pat. 5,114,606; and European Pat. 549,271 A1, 549.272A1, 544.440A2, and 544.490A1; Preferred examples of these catalysts include Mn' V 2(u-O)3(1,4,7-trimethyl- 1 ,4,7-triazacyclononane)2(PF6)2. Mn' ⁇ u-O)!
  • compositions and processes herein can be adjusted to provide on the order of at least one part per ten million of the active bleach catalyst species in the aqueous washing liquor, and will preferably provide from 0.1 ppm to 700 ppm, more preferably from 1 ppm to 500 ppm, of the catalyst species in the laundry liquor.
  • Polymeric Dispersing Agents - Polymeric dispersing agents can advantageously be utilized at levels from 0.5% to 8%, by weight, in the compositions herein, especially in the presence of zeolite and/or layered silicate builders. Suitable polymeric dispersing agents include polymeric polycarboxylates and polyethylene glycols, although others known in the art can also be used.
  • Polymeric polycarboxylate materials can be prepared by polymerizing or copolymerizing suitable unsaturated monomers, preferably in their acid form.
  • Unsaturated monomeric acids that can be polymerized to form suitable polymeric polycarboxylates are selected from acrylic acid, maleic acid (or maleic anhydride), fumaric acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid and methylenemalonic acid.
  • the presence in the polymeric polycarboxylates herein of monomeric segments, containing no carboxylate radicals such as vinylmethyl ether, styrene, ethylene, etc. is suitable provided that such segments do not constitute more than 40% by weight.
  • Polymeric polycarboxylate materials can also optionally include further monomeric units such as nonionic spacing units.
  • suitable nonionic spacing units may include vinyl alcohol or vinyl acetate.
  • Particularly preferred polymeric polycarboxylates are co-polymers derived from monomers of acrylic acid and maleic acid.
  • the average molecular weight of such polymers in the acid form preferably ranges from 2,000 to 10,000, more preferably from 4,000 to 7,000 and most preferably from 4,000 to 5,000.
  • Water-soluble salts of such acrylic maleic acid polymers can include, for example, the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts. Soluble polymers of this type are known materials. Use of polyacrylates of this type in detergent compositions has been disclosed, for example, in Diehl, U.S. Patent 3,308,067, issued march 7, 1967.
  • the ratio of acrylate to maleate segments in such copolymers will generally range from 30:1 to 1:1, more preferably from 10:1 to 2:1.
  • Soluble acrylate/maleate copolymers of this type are known materials which are described in European Patent Application No. 66915, published December 15, 1982, as well as in EP 193,360, published September 3, 1986, which also describes such polymers comprising hydroxypropylacrylate.
  • the water-soluble salts of copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid are preferred.
  • polymeric polycarboxylic acid compounds suitable for use herein are the homo-polymeric polycarboxylic acid compounds derived from acrylic acid.
  • the average molecular weight of such homo ⁇ polymers in the acid form preferably ranges from 2,000 to 100,000, more preferably from 3,000 to 75,000, most preferably from 4,000 to 65,000.
  • polymeric polycarboxylic compounds which may be used herein include the maleic/acrylic/vinyl alcohol terpolymers. Such materials are also disclosed in EP 193,360, including, for example, the 45/45/10 te ⁇ olymer of acrylic/maleic/vinyl alcohol.
  • polymeric polycarboxylic compounds which may be used herein include the biodegradable polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid compounds.
  • compositions herein can optionally include one or more other detergent adjunct materials or other materials for assisting or enhancing cleaning performance, treatment of the substrate to be cleaned, or to modify the aesthetics of the detergent composition (e.g., perfumes, colorants, dyes, etc.).
  • other detergent adjunct materials e.g., perfumes, colorants, dyes, etc.
  • the following are illustrative examples of such adjunct materials.
  • compositions according to the present invention can also optionally contain water-soluble ethoxylated amines having clay soil removal and antiredeposition properties.
  • Granular detergent compositions which contain these compounds typically contain from 0.01% to 10.0% by weight of the water ⁇ soluble ethoxylates amines; liquid detergent compositions typically contain 0.01% to 5%.
  • the most preferred soil release and anti-redeposition agent is ethoxylated tetraethyienepentamine. Exemplary ethoxylated amines are further described in U.S. Patent 4,597,898, VanderMeer, issued July 1, 1986.
  • Another group of preferred clay soil removal-antiredeposition agents are the cationic compounds disclosed in EP 111,965.
  • Other clay soil removal/antiredeposition agents which can be used include the ethoxylated amine polymers disclosed in EP 111,984; the zwitterionic polymers disclosed in EP 112,592; and the amine oxides disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,548,744.
  • Other clay soil removal and/or anti redeposition agents known in the art can also be utilized in the compositions herein.
  • Another type of preferred antiredeposition agent includes the carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) materials. These materials are well known in the art.
  • Polymeric Soil Release Agent Any polymeric soil release agent known to those skilled in the art can optionally be employed in the compositions and processes of this invention.
  • Polymeric soil release agents are characterised by having both hydrophilic segments, to hydrophilize the surface of hydrophobic fibers, such as polyester and nylon, and hydrophobic segments, to deposit upon hydrophobic fibers and remain adhered thereto through completion of washing and rinsing cycles and, thus, serve as an anchor for the hydrophilic segments. This can enable stains occurring subsequent to treatment with the soil release agent to be more easily cleaned in later washing procedures.
  • the polymeric soil release agents useful herein especially include those soil release agents having: (a) one or more nonionic hydrophile components consisting essentially of (i) polyoxyethylene segments with a degree of polymerization of at least 2, or (ii) oxypropylene or polyoxypropylene segments with a degree of polymerization of from 2 to 10, wherein said hydrophile segment does not encompass any oxypropylene unit unless it is bonded to adjacent moieties at each end by ether linkages, or (iii) a mixture of oxyalkylene units comprising oxyethylene and from 1 to 30 oxypropylene units wherein said mixture contains a suffi ⁇ cient amount of oxyethylene units such that the hydrophile component has hydrophilicity great enough to increase the hydrophilicity of conventional polyester synthetic fiber surfaces upon deposit of the soil release agent on such surface, said hydrophile segments preferably comprising at least 25% oxyethylene units and more preferably, especially for such components having 20 to 30 oxypropylene units, at least 50% oxyethylene units; or
  • the polyoxyethylene segments of (a)(i) will have a degree of polymerization of from 200, although higher levels can be used, preferably from 3 to 150, more preferably from 6 to 100.
  • Suitable oxy C4-C6 alkylene hydrophobe segments include, but are not limited to, end-caps of polymeric soil release agents such as M ⁇ 3S(CH2)nOCH2CH2 ⁇ -, where M is sodium and n is an integer from 4-6, as disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,721,580, issued January 26, 1988 to Gosselink.
  • Polymeric soil release agents useful in the present invention also include cellulosic derivatives such as hydroxyether cellulosic polymers, copolymeric blocks of ethylene terephthalate or propylene terephthalate with polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide terephthalate, and the like. Such agents are commercially available and include hydroxyethers of cellulose such as METHOCEL (Dow) and carboxy alkyl of cellulose such as Metolose (Shin Etsu). Cellulosic soil release agents for use herein also include those selected from the group consisting of C1-C4 alkyl and C4 hydroxyalkyl cellulose; see U.S. Patent 4,000,093, issued December 28, 1976 to Nicol, et al.
  • Soil release agents characterised by poly(vinyl ester) hydrophobe segments include graft copolymers of poly(vinyl ester), e.g., Ci-C ⁇ vinyl esters, preferably poly(vinyl acetate) grafted onto polyalkylene oxide backbones, such as polyethylene oxide backbones (see EP 0 219 048).
  • Commercially available soil release agents of this kind include the SOKALAN type of material, e.g., SOKALAN HP-22, available from BASF (West Germany).
  • One type of preferred soil release agent is a copolymer having random blocks of ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide (PEO) terephthalate.
  • the molecular weight of this polymeric soil release agent is in the range of from 25,000 to 55,000. See U.S. Patent 3,959,230 to Hays and U.S. Patent 3,893,929.
  • Another preferred polymeric soil release agent is a polyester with repeat units of ethylene terephthalate units which contains 10-15% by weight of ethylene terephthalate units together with 90-80% by weight of polyoxyethylene terephthalate units, derived from a polyoxyethylene glycol of average molecular weight 300-5,000.
  • this polymer include the commercially available material ZELCON 5126 (from Dupont) and MILEASE T (from ICI). See also U.S. Patent 4,702,857.
  • Another preferred polymeric soil release agent is a sulfonated product of a substantially linear ester oligomer comprised of an oligomeric ester backbone of terephthaloyl and oxyalkyleneoxy repeat units and terminal moieties covalently attached to the backbone.
  • These soil release agents are described fully in U.S. Patent 4,968,451.
  • Other suitable polymeric soil release agents include the terephthalate polyesters of U.S. Patent 4,711,730, the anionic end-capped oligomeric esters of U.S. Patent 4,721,580 and the block polyester oligomeric compounds of U.S. Patent 4,702,857.
  • Preferred polymeric soil release agents also include the soil release agents of U.S. Patent 4,877,896, which discloses anionic, especially sul- foarolyl, end-capped terephthalate esters.
  • soil release agents will generally comprise from 0.01% to 10.0%, by weight, of the compositions herein, typically from 0.1% to 5%, preferably from 0.2% to 3.0%.
  • Still another preferred soil release agent is an oligomer with repeat units of terephthaloyl units, sulfoisoterephthaloyl units, oxyethyleneoxy and oxy-1 ,2-propylene units.
  • the repeat units form the backbone of the oligomer and are preferably terminated with modified isethionate end-caps.
  • a particularly preferred soil release agent of this type comprises one sulfoisophthaloyl unit, 5 terephthaloyl units, oxyethyleneoxy and oxy-1,2- propyleneoxy units in a ratio of from 1.7 to 1.8, and two end-cap units of sodium 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethanesulfonate.
  • Said soil release agent also comprises from 0.5% to 20%, by weight of the oligomer, of a crystalline- reducing stabilizer, preferably selected from xylene sulfonate, cumene sulfonate, toluene sulfonate, and mixtures thereof.
  • a crystalline- reducing stabilizer preferably selected from xylene sulfonate, cumene sulfonate, toluene sulfonate, and mixtures thereof.
  • compositions according to the present invention may also include one or more materials effective for inhibiting the transfer of dyes from one fabric to another during the cleaning process.
  • dye transfer inhibiting agents include polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, manganese phthalocyanine, peroxidases, and mixtures thereof. If used, these agents typically comprise from 0.01% to 10% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.01% to 5%, and more preferably from 0.05% to 2%.
  • Preferred polyamine N-oxides are those wherein R is a heterocyclic group such as pyridine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrrolidine, piperidine and derivatives thereof.
  • the N-O group can be represented by the following general structures:
  • Ri , R2, R3 are aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic or alicyclic groups or combinations thereof; x, y and z are 0 or 1 ; and the nitrogen of the N-O group can be attached or form part of any of the aforementioned groups.
  • the amine oxide unit of the polyamine N-oxides has a pKa ⁇ 10, preferably pKa ⁇ 7, more preferred pKa ⁇ 6.
  • Any polymer backbone can be used as long as the amine oxide polymer formed is water-soluble and has dye transfer inhibiting properties.
  • suitable polymeric backbones are polyvinyls, polyalkylenes, polyesters, polyethers, polyamide, polyimides, polyacrylates and mixtures thereof. These polymers include random or block copolymers where one monomer type is an amine N-oxide and the other monomer type is an N- oxide.
  • the amine N-oxide polymers typically have a ratio of amine to the amine N-oxide of 10:1 to 1:1,000,000. However, the number of amine oxide groups present in the polyamine oxide polymer can be varied by appropriate copolymerization or by an appropriate degree of N-oxidation.
  • the polyamine oxides can be obtained in almost any degree of polymerization. Typically, the average molecular weight is within the range of 500 to 1,000,000; more preferred 1,000 to 500,000; most preferred 5,000 to 100,000. This preferred class of materials can be referred to as "PVNO".
  • poly(4-vinylpyridine-N-oxide) which as an average molecular weight of 50,000 and an amine to amine N-oxide ratio of 1:4.
  • Copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole polymers are also preferred for use herein.
  • the PVPVI has an average molecular weight range from 5,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably from 5,000 to 200,000, and most preferably from 10,000 to 20,000. (The average molecular weight range is determined by light scattering as described in Barth, et al., Chemical Analysis. Vol 113.
  • the PVPVI copolymers typically have a molar ratio of N-vinylimidazole to N-vinylpyrrolidone from 1:1 to 0.2:1, more preferably from 0.8:1 to 0.3:1, most preferably from 0.6:1 to 0.4:1. These copolymers can be either linear or branched.
  • compositions also may employ a polyvinyl ⁇ pyrrolidone (“PVP”) having an average molecular weight of from 5,000 to 400,000, preferably from 5,000 to 200,000, and more preferably from 5,000 to 50,000.
  • PVP's are known to persons skilled in the detergent field; see, for example, EP-A-262,897 and EP-A-256,696.
  • Compositions containing PVP can also contain polyethylene glycol (“PEG”) having an average molecular weight from 500 to 100,000, preferably from 1,000 to 10,000.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • the ratio of PEG to PVP on a ppm basis delivered in wash solutions is from 2:1 to 50:1, and more preferably from 3:1 to 10:1.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also optionally contain from 0.005% to 5% by weight of certain types of hydrophilic optical brighteners which also provide a dye transfer inhibition action. If used, the compositions herein will preferably comprise from 0.01% to 1.2% by weight of such optical brighteners.
  • hydrophilic optical brighteners useful in the present invention are those having the structural formula:
  • R is selected from anilino, N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl and NH-2- hydroxyethyl
  • R2 is selected from N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl, N-2-hydroxyethyl-N- methylamino, morphilino, chloro and amino
  • M is a salt-forming cation such as sodium or potassium.
  • R is anilino
  • R2 is N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl and M is a cation such as sodium
  • the brightener is 4,4',-bis[(4-anilino-6-(N- 2-bis-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine-2-yl)amino]-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid and disodium salt.
  • This particular brightener species is commercially marketed under the tradename Tinopal-UNPA-GX by Ciba-Geigy Corporation. Tinopal-UNPA-GX is the preferred hydrophilic optical brightener useful in the compositions herein.
  • the brightener is 4,4'- bis[(4-anilino-6-(N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino)-s-triazine-2-yl)amino]2,2'- stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt.
  • This particular brightener species is commercially marketed under the tradename Tinopal 5BM-GX by Ciba- Geigy Co ⁇ oration.
  • the brightener is 4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-mo ⁇ hilino-s- triazine-2-yl)amino]2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid, sodium salt.
  • This particular brightener species is commercially marketed under the tradename Tinopal AMS-GX by Ciba Geigy Corporation.
  • optical brightener species which may be used in the present invention provide especially effective dye transfer inhibition performance benefits when used in combination with the selected polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents hereinbefore described.
  • selected polymeric materials e.g., PVNO and/or PVPVI
  • selected optical brighteners e.g., Tinopal UNPA-GX, Tinopal 5BM-GX and/or Tinopal AMS-GX
  • Tinopal UNPA-GX Tinopal UNPA-GX
  • Tinopal 5BM-GX Tinopal 5BM-GX
  • Tinopal AMS-GX Tinopal AMS-GX
  • the extent to which brighteners deposit on fabrics in the wash solution can be defined by a parameter called the "exhaustion coefficient".
  • the exhaustion coefficient is in general as the ratio of a) the brightener material deposited on fabric to b) the initial brightener concentration in the wash liquor. Brighteners with relatively high exhaustion coefficients are the most suitable for inhibiting dye transfer in the context of the present invention.
  • optical brighteners or other brightening or whitening agents known in the art can be incorporated at levels typically from 0.005% to 5%, preferably from 0.01% to 1.2% and most preferably from 0.05% to 1.2%, by weight, into the detergent compositions herein.
  • Commercial optical brighteners which may be useful in the present invention can be classified into subgroups, which include, but are not necessarily limited to, derivatives of stilbene, pyrazoline, coumarin, carboxylic acid, methinecyanines, dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, azoles, 5- and 6-membered-ring heterocycles, and other miscellaneous agents. Examples of such brighteners are disclosed in 'The Production and Application of Fluorescent Brightening Agents", M.
  • optical brightener which may also be used in the present invention include naphthalimide, benzoxazole, benzofuran, benzimidazole and any mixtures thereof.
  • optical brighteners which are useful in the present compositions are those identified in U.S. Patent 4,790,856. These brighteners include the PHORWHITE series of brighteners from Verona. Other brighteners disclosed in this reference include: Tinopal UNPA, Tinopal CBS and Tinopal 5BM; available from Ciba-Geigy; Artie White CC and Artie White CWD; the 2-(4-styryl-phenyl)-2H-naptho[1,2-d]triazoles; 4,4 , -bis(1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)-stilbenes; 4,4'-bis(styryl)bisphenyls; and the aminocoumarins.
  • these brighteners include 4-methyl- 7-diethyl- amino coumarin; 1,2-bis(-benzimidazol-2-yl)ethylene; 1,3- diphenyl-pyrazolines; 2,5-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene; 2-styryl-naptho- [1 ,2-d]oxazole; and 2-(stilbene-4-yl)-2H-naphtho[1,2-d]triazole. See also U.S. Patent 3,646,015.
  • Suds Suppressors - Compounds for reducing or suppressing the formation of suds can be incorporated into the compositions of the present invention. Suds suppression can be of particular importance in the so-called "high concentration cleaning process" and in front-loading European-style washing machines.
  • suds suppressors A wide variety of materials may be used as suds suppressors, and suds suppressors are well known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, Volume 7, pages 430-447 (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1979).
  • One category of suds suppressor of particular interest encompasses monocarboxylic fatty acid and soluble salts therein. See U.S. Patent 2,954,347.
  • the monocarboxylic fatty acids and salts thereof used as suds suppressor typically have hydrocarbyl chains of 10 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable salts include the alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium, and lithium salts, and ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also contain non-surfactant suds suppressors.
  • non-surfactant suds suppressors include, for example: high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as paraffin, fatty acid esters (e.g., fatty acid triglycerides), fatty acid esters of monovalent alcohols, aliphatic C18-C40 ketones (e.g., stearone), etc.
  • suds inhibitors include N-alkylated amino triazines such as tri- to hexa-alkylmelamines or di- to tetra- alkyldiamine chlortriazines formed as products of cyanuric chloride with two or three moles of a primary or secondary amine containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, propylene oxide, and monostearyl phosphates such as monostearyl alcohol phosphate ester and monostearyl di-alkali metal (e.g., K, Na, and Li) phosphates and phosphate esters.
  • the hydrocarbons such as paraffin and haloparaffin can be utilized in liquid form.
  • the liquid hydrocarbons will be liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and will have a pour point in the range of -40°C and 50°C, and a minimum boiling point not less than 110°C (atmospheric pressure). It is also known to utilize waxy hydrocarbons, preferably having a melting point below 100°C.
  • the hydrocarbons constitute a preferred category of suds suppressor for detergent compositions. Hydrocarbon suds suppressors are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,265,779.
  • the hydrocarbons thus, include aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons having from 12 to 70 carbon atoms.
  • the term "paraffin,” as used in this suds suppressor discussion, is intended to include mixtures of true paraffins and cyclic hydrocarbons.
  • Non-surfactant suds suppressors comprises silicone suds suppressors.
  • This category includes the use of polyorganosiloxane oils, such as polydimethylsiloxane, dispersions or emulsions of polyorganosiloxane oils or resins, and combinations of polyorganosiloxane with silica particles wherein the polyorganosiloxane is chemisorbed or fused onto the silica.
  • Silicone suds suppressors are well known in the art and are, for example, disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,265,779 and EP 354016.
  • An exemplary silicone based suds suppressor for use herein is a suds suppressing amount of a suds controlling agent consisting essentially of:
  • polydimethylsiloxane fluid having a viscosity of from 20 cs. to 1,500 cs. at 25°C;
  • siloxane resin composed of (CH3)3SiO ⁇ /2 units of Si ⁇ 2 units in a ratio of from (CH3)3 SiO ⁇ /2 units and to Si ⁇ 2 units of from 0.6:1 to 1.2:1;
  • the solvent for a continuous phase is made up of certain polyethylene glycols or polyethylene-polypropylene glycol copolymers or mixtures thereof (preferred), or polypropylene glycol.
  • the primary silicone suds suppressor is branched/crosslinked and preferably not linear.
  • typical liquid laundry detergent compositions with controlled suds will optionally comprise from 0.001 to 1 , preferably from 0.01 to 0.7, most preferably from 0.05 to 0.5, weight % of said silicone suds suppressor, which comprises (1) a nonaqueous emulsion of a primary antifoam agent which is a mixture of (a) a polyorganosiloxane, (b) a resinous siloxane or a silicone resin-producing silicone compound, (c) a finely divided filler material, and (d) a catalyst to promote the reaction of mixture components (a), (b) and (c), to form silanolates; (2) at least one nonionic silicone surfactant; and (3) polyethylene glycol or a copolymer of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol having a solubility in water at room temperature of more than 2 weight %; and without polypropylene glycol.
  • a primary antifoam agent which is a mixture of (a) a polyorganosiloxane, (
  • the silicone suds suppressor herein preferably comprises polyethylene glycol and a copolymer of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol, all having an average molecular weight of less than 1,000, preferably between 100 and 800.
  • the polyethylene glycol and polyethylene/polypropylene copolymers herein have a solubility in water at room temperature of more than 2 weight %, preferably more than 5 weight %.
  • the preferred solvent herein is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of less than 1,000, more preferably between 100 and 800, most preferably between 200 and 400, and a copolymer of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol, preferably PPG 200/PEG 300.
  • Preferred is a weight ratio of between 1:1 and 1:10, most preferably between 1:3 and 1:6, of polyethylene glycoLcopolymer of polyethylene- polypropylene glycol.
  • the preferred silicone suds suppressors used herein do not contain polypropylene glycol, particularly of 4,000 molecular weight. They also preferably do not contain block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, like PLURONIC L101.
  • suds suppressors useful herein comprise the secondary alcohols (e.g., 2-alkyl alkanols) and mixtures of such alcohols with silicone oils, such as the silicones disclosed in U.S. 4,798,679, 4,075,118 and EP 150,872.
  • the secondary alcohols include the C ⁇ -Ci6 alkyl alcohols having a C1-C16 chain.
  • a preferred alcohol is 2-butyl octanol, which is available from Condea under the trademark ISOFOL 12.
  • Mixtures of secondary alcohols are available under the trademark ISALCHEM 123 from Enichem.
  • Mixed suds suppressors typically comprise mixtures of alcohol + silicone at a weight ratio of 1 :5 to 5:1.
  • suds should not form to the extent that they overflow the washing machine.
  • Suds suppressors when utilized, are preferably present in a "suds suppressing amount.
  • Suds suppressing amount is meant that the formulator of the composition can select an amount of this suds controlling agent that will sufficiently control the suds to result in a low- sudsing laundry detergent for use in automatic laundry washing machines.
  • compositions herein will generally comprise from 0% to 5% of suds suppressor.
  • monocarboxylic fatty acids, and salts therein will be present typically in amounts up to 5%, by weight, of the detergent composition.
  • from 0.5% to 3% of fatty monocarboxylate suds suppressor is utilized.
  • Silicone suds suppressors are typically utilized in amounts up to 2.0%, by weight, of the detergent composition, although higher amounts may be used. This upper limit is practical in nature, due primarily to concem with keeping costs minimized and effectiveness of lower amounts for effectively controlling sudsing.
  • from 0.01% to 1% of silicone suds suppressor is used, more preferably from 0.25% to 0.5%.
  • these weight percentage values include any silica that may be utilized in combination with polyorganosiloxane, as well as any adjunct materials that may be utilized.
  • Monostearyl phosphate suds suppressors are generally utilized in amounts ranging from 0.1% to 2%, by weight, of the composition.
  • Hydrocarbon suds suppressors are typically utilized in amounts ranging from 0.01% to 5.0%, although higher levels can be used.
  • the alcohol suds suppressors are typically used at 0.2%-3% by weight of the finished compositions.
  • Fabric Softeners Various through-the-wash fabric softeners, especially the impalpable smectite clays of U.S.
  • Patent 4,062,647 as well as other softener clays known in the art, can optionally be used typically at levels of from 0.5% to 10%, preferably from 0.5% to 2% by weight in the present compositions to provide fabric softener benefits concurrently with fabric cleaning.
  • Clay softeners can be used in combination with amine and cationic softeners as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,375,416 and U.S. Patent 4,291,071.
  • compositions herein A wide variety of other functional ingredients useful in detergent compositions can be included in the compositions herein, including other active ingredients, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, dyes or pigments, solvents for liquid formulations, solid fillers for bar compositions.
  • the detergent compositions herein will preferably be formulated such that, during use in aqueous cleaning operations, the wash water will have a pH of between 6.5 and 11, preferably between 7.5 and 10.5. Laundry products are typically at pH 9-11. Techniques for controlling pH at recommended usage levels include the use of buffers, alkalis, acids, etc., and are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • compositions of the invention include perfumes, colours and filler salts, with sodium sulfate being a preferred filler salt.
  • the detergent compositions of the invention can be formulated in any desirable form such as powders, granulates, pastes, liquids, and gels.
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention may be formulated as liquid detergent compositions.
  • Such liquid detergent compositions typically comprise from 94% to 35% by weight, preferably from 90% to 40% by weight, most preferably from 80% to 50% by weight of a liquid carrier, e.g., water, preferably a mixture of water and organic solvent.
  • a liquid carrier e.g., water, preferably a mixture of water and organic solvent.
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention may also be in the form of gels.
  • Such compositions are typically formulated with polyakenyl polyether having a molecular weight of from about 750,000 to about
  • the detergent compositions of the invention may also be in the form of solids, such as powders and granules.
  • the mean particle size of the components of granular compositions in accordance with the invention should be such that no more that 5% of particles are greater than 1.4mm in diameter and not more than 5% of particles are less than 0.15mm in diameter.
  • mean particle size as defined herein is determined by sieving a sample of the composition into a number of fractions (typically 5 fractions) on a series of Tyler sieves. The weight fractions thereby obtained are plotted against the aperture size of the sieves. The mean particle size is taken to be the aperture size through which 50% by weight of the sample would pass.
  • the bulk density of granular detergent compositions in accordance with the present invention are particularly useful in concentrated granular detergent compositions that are characterised by a relatively high density in comparison with conventional laundry detergent compositions.
  • Such high density compositions typically have a bulk density of at least 400 g/litre, more preferably from 650 g/litre to 1200 g/litre, most preferably from 800g/litre to 1000g litre.
  • Bulk density is measured by means of a simple funnel and cup device consisting of a conical funnel moulded rigidly on a base and provided with a flap valve at its lower extremity to allow the contents of the funnel to be emptied into an axially aligned cylindrical cup disposed below the funnel.
  • the funnel is 130 mm high and has internal diameters of 130 mm and 40 mm at its respective upper and lower extremities. It is mounted so that the lower extremity is 140 mm above the upper surface of the base.
  • the cup has an overall height of 90 mm, an internal height of 87 mm and an internal diameter of 84 mm. Its nominal volume is 500 ml.
  • the funnel is filled with powder by hand pouring, the flap valve is opened and powder allowed to overfill the cup.
  • the filled cup is removed from the frame and excess powder removed from the cup by passing a straight edged implement eg; a knife, across its upper edge.
  • the filled cup is then weighed and the value obtained for the weight of powder doubled to provide a bulk density in g/litre. Replicate measurements are made as required.
  • granular detergent compositions in accordance with the present invention can be made via a variety of methods including dry mixing, spray drying, agglomeration and granulation.
  • Ci4_ 5 predominantly linear primary alcohol condensed with an average of 7 moles of ethylene oxide C25 E3 A C 12-15 branched primary alcohol condensed with an average of 3 moies of ethylene oxide C25E5 A C 2-15 branched primary alcohol condensed with an average of 5 moles of ethylene oxide
  • Citric acid Anhydrous citric acid Carbonate Anhydrous sodium carbonate with a particle size between 200 ⁇ m and 900 ⁇ m
  • Bicarbonate Anhydrous sodium bicarbonate with a particle size distribution between 400 ⁇ m and 1200 ⁇ m
  • Silicate Amorphous Sodium Silicate Si ⁇ 2:Na2 ⁇ ; 2.0 ratio
  • MA/AA Copolymer of 1:4 maleic/acrylic acid average molecular weight about 70,000.
  • DTPMP Diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonate), marketed by Monsanto under the Trade name Dequest 2060
  • Brightener 1 Disodium 4,4'-bis(2-sulphostyryl)biphenyl
  • Brightener 2 Disodium 4,4'-bis(4-anilino-6-morpholino-1.3.5- triazin-2-yl)amino) stilbene-2:2'-disulphonate.
  • Siloxane-oxyalkylene copolymer as dispersing agent with a ratio of said foam controller to said dispersing agent of 10:1 to 100:1.
  • Example 1 Comparative performance testing The following formulations were prepared, where A is a prior art formulation and B is according to the invention.
  • Components A B (% by weight)
  • the sets of stained fabric swatches were subjected to one wash cycle in an automatic washing machine.
  • the swatches were then assessed for removal of the various proteinaceous stains by a four person grading panel using the well-known four-point Scheffe scale.
  • Ratio anionic surfactant 9.4 Protease
  • Example 2 The following laundry detergent compositions C, D and E according to the present invention were prepared.
  • formulation F is a phosphorus-containing detergent composition
  • formulation G is a zeolite-containing detergent composition
  • formulation H is a compact detergent composition
  • Example 7 The following high density (850 g/litre) and bleach-containing detergent formulations S to U, according to the present invention were prepared:
  • liquid detergent formulations X to AE were prepared:

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition détergente comprenant (a) de 1 % à 95 % en poids d'un système tensioactif comprenant un tensioactif anionique et un tensioactif cationique du type ester autre que le chlorure de N,N-di(2-stéaroyloxyéthyl)-N-(2-hydroxyéthyl)-N-méthyl ammonium, selon un rapport pondéral tensioactif anionique sur tensioactif cationique du type ester de 2,5:1 à 25:1; et (b) de 0,0001 % à 5 % en poids d'une enzyme protéolytique ayant une activité de 4 KNPU par gramme de particules enzymatiques et présente en une quantité telle que le rapport pondéral du tensioactif anionique sur l'enzyme protéolytique soit d'au moins 1,5:1.
EP96923625A 1995-07-08 1996-07-03 Composition detergente comprenant un tensioactif cationique du type ester et une protease Withdrawn EP0842246A4 (fr)

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GBGB9513999.4A GB9513999D0 (en) 1995-07-08 1995-07-08 Detergent compositions
GB9513999 1995-07-08
PCT/US1996/011249 WO1997003156A1 (fr) 1995-07-08 1996-07-03 Composition detergente comprenant un tensioactif cationique du type ester et une protease

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0819164A1 (fr) † 1995-03-11 1998-01-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition detergente comportant une source de peroxyde d'hydrogene et une protease

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9513990D0 (en) * 1995-07-08 1995-09-06 Procter & Gamble Detergent compositions
AU2025797A (en) * 1996-03-15 1997-10-10 Unilever Plc Cleaning gels
GB2313603A (en) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-03 Procter & Gamble Detergent compositions
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EP1135362A1 (fr) * 1998-12-03 2001-09-26 The Dow Chemical Company Tensioactifs d'ester cationique utilises dans des formulations liquides et pulverulentes
JP2021504541A (ja) 2017-11-29 2021-02-15 ビーエイエスエフ・ソシエタス・エウロパエアＢａｓｆ Ｓｅ 保存安定性酵素調製物、それらの製造およびそれらを使用する方法

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EP0000225A1 (fr) * 1977-06-29 1979-01-10 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY Composition détergente solide pour une meilleure élimination des salissures grasses
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EP0819164A1 (fr) † 1995-03-11 1998-01-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition detergente comportant une source de peroxyde d'hydrogene et une protease
EP0819164B2 (fr) † 1995-03-11 2013-03-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition detergente comportant une source de peroxyde d'hydrogene et une protease

Also Published As

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MX9800276A (es) 1998-04-30
CA2226666A1 (fr) 1997-01-30
EP0842246A4 (fr) 2000-01-12
BR9609669A (pt) 1999-03-30
WO1997003156A1 (fr) 1997-01-30
GB9513999D0 (en) 1995-09-06
AR002785A1 (es) 1998-04-29
CA2226666C (fr) 2002-04-30

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