EP0834042A1 - Method and incinerator for incinerating hospital waste and the like - Google Patents

Method and incinerator for incinerating hospital waste and the like

Info

Publication number
EP0834042A1
EP0834042A1 EP95924900A EP95924900A EP0834042A1 EP 0834042 A1 EP0834042 A1 EP 0834042A1 EP 95924900 A EP95924900 A EP 95924900A EP 95924900 A EP95924900 A EP 95924900A EP 0834042 A1 EP0834042 A1 EP 0834042A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gasification
post
chamber
combustion
waste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95924900A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0834042B1 (en
Inventor
Georgi Manelis
Evgeni Poliantchik
Galina Iakovleva
Lev Stesik
Sergei Glazov
Alexandr Tchervonny
Viktor Foursov
Nikolai Alkov
Iouri Nikouline
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ENVIROTEC GROUP Ltd
Original Assignee
ENVIROTEC GROUP Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU94021261/03A external-priority patent/RU2089786C1/en
Application filed by ENVIROTEC GROUP Ltd filed Critical ENVIROTEC GROUP Ltd
Publication of EP0834042A1 publication Critical patent/EP0834042A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0834042B1 publication Critical patent/EP0834042B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and an incinerator for environmentally incinerating hospital waste and other solid waste containing fuel.
  • Waste disposal must ensure complete incineration of the fuel at high temperature, incombustible residues and smoke must be free of germs, dangerous compounds and odors.
  • Most of the hospital waste is incinerated with household waste in incineration plants. This process has the disadvantage of presenting a great risk of contamination during the transport of hazardous contaminated waste, or else of entailing high costs of disinfection before transport.
  • incinerators They pollute the environment in particular during ignition and extinction, as well as when reloading waste in the oven, due to the significant formation of gas caused by ignition of the waste and combustion .
  • the operation of such incinerators may be interrupted by variations in the composition and properties of the waste
  • EP-A-0 251 269 describes a process and an apparatus for gasifying solid fuel and then burn gaseous gasification products.
  • a gas generator for gasifying solid fuels such as wood, coal, briquette fuels, household waste, etc. is followed by burners for the combustion of gaseous products directly after gasification.
  • the air supplying the gasification zone and the burner is heated with heat released during the gasification.
  • the air is heated by passing the primary air and the secondary air through passages provided in a multiple wall of the gasification chamber.
  • FR-A-2 649 782 describes a process intended to exclude pollution of the environment, regardless of the competence of the operator.
  • the ignition, pyrolysis, combustion and cooling stages are carried out in sequence under continuous automatic piloting.
  • the temperature is regulated by automatically controlling the air flow rate and operation of additional gas burners in corresponding chambers of the incinerator.
  • additional gas natural gas
  • the object of the present invention is to ensure the ecological incineration of hospital waste and other waste containing fuel, by minimizing the supply of external heat while ensuring stable operation for a wide range of compositions and properties of the waste, including including wet waste.
  • a method for incinerating solid waste containing fuel, such as hospital waste comprising the following steps:
  • a gasification step during which said waste, as the first component, is gasified with the addition of a gasifying agent constituting a second component
  • a post-combustion step during which the gaseous products of the gasification step, as a third component, are burnt with the addition of a secondary oxidizing gas as a fourth component, characterized in that the heat produced by said post-combustion step is transferred to at least part of one to the less of said components before it is consumed in the corresponding one of said gasification and post-combustion stages.
  • an incinerator for implementing the process, comprising a gasification chamber, for 4 contain a first component consisting of waste to be incinerated, means for introducing a gasification agent as a second component into said gasification chamber, a post-combustion chamber, means of fluid communication between the gasification chamber and the post-combustion chamber, so as to introduce into the post-combustion chamber a third component consisting of gaseous products originating from the gasification chamber, and inlet means for introducing into the post-combustion chamber a fourth component consisting into a secondary oxidizing gas, characterized by means for transferring heat from the post-combustion chamber to at least part of at least one of said components upstream of the post-combustion chamber.
  • heat generated by the post-combustion step is used to preheat at least one of the components (waste and / or gasification agent) of the gasification process and / or one at less of the components (gaseous gasification products and / or secondary oxidizing gas) of the post-combustion itself.
  • the gasification agent and the secondary air which feed the gasification and post-combustion chambers, respectively, or fractions thereof when treating relatively dry high calorific waste are preheated by recovering the heat of the fumes generated in the post-combustion chamber. This recovery is carried out by heat transfer through walls of gas conduits and / or chamber walls.
  • the air serving as a gasification agent and / or secondary oxidizing gas can be guided through a heat exchanger mounted in the post-combustion chamber or in a chimney between the post-combustion chamber and the outside.
  • the air flows can be subdivided so that only an adjustable proportion of the primary air (gasifying agent) and / or the secondary air, respectively, is preheated, while the other parts are sent directly to the rooms.
  • the heat of the fumes can also be communicated to the waste which feeds the gasification zone as the preceding waste is consumed.
  • Such heating can in particular be provided by arranging the gasification chamber so that the region where the gasification zone is located protrudes at least partially into the post-combustion chamber.
  • the gasification and post-combustion process are controlled by regulating the consumption of the gasification agent and the secondary air and / or by redistributing the gasification agent and the secondary air between corresponding intake orifices, depending on the temperatures in the gasification zone and in the post-combustion chamber. Temperatures are kept within a range whose lower limit is defined by the need to avoid release of compounds organic, including dioxynes, in dangerous concentrations. The upper temperature limit is in particular determined by the ability of the materials constituting the incinerator to withstand heat. When the temperature in the gasification zone tends to exceed the prescribed limit, the feed rate of the preheated gasification agent is reduced so as to reduce the proportion of preheated gasification agent in the total flow rate of the gasification.
  • the flow rate of the preheated secondary air is reduced, for example by correspondingly redistributing the flow rates towards respective intake orifices of the post-combustion chamber, so as to reduce the proportion of preheated secondary air in the total secondary air flow.
  • the aforementioned controls can be provided automatically.
  • the incinerator must then be fitted with a control device connected to probes to measure the temperature in the gasification chamber and in the post-combustion chamber, and to corresponding means, such as valves or fans controlled by speed, controlling the corresponding feed rates and the distribution of the gasification agent and the secondary air through the intake ports of the incinerator chambers as a function of these temperatures.
  • this control can however be ensured by initial adjustments in the factory, by simple fitting of corresponding gas conduits, having correlated cross sections.
  • the process can use air as a gasifying agent.
  • steam can also be injected into the gasification agent so as to reduce the temperature in the gasification zone. The heat necessary to produce the steam can be recovered in the fumes.
  • the successive displacement of the waste towards the gasification zone can be obtained by gravity of the waste and can be favored by a design and an appropriate size of the gasification chamber, for example by making the gasification chamber flared downwards, for example in a cone .
  • this movement can be provided for example by a sort of agitator.
  • the volume of the post-combustion chamber is chosen so that when the incinerator operates at its nominal capacity, the retention time of the fumes in the chamber is greater than the standard time required and is carried out under a temperature and a concentration of oxygen higher than the prescribed standard values, these retention times, standard temperature and concentration being determined with a view to certain decontamination of the fumes.
  • the process can be started by a thermal pulse applied to the waste in the gasification zone and / or to the gasification agent flow, by means of an additional thermal source, for example an electric heater, the operation of which is interrupted once the gasification process has been established steadily.
  • an additional thermal source for example an electric heater
  • its power can be reduced to a reduced value, and preferably this reduced power is varied so as to increase when the temperature in the gasification zone drops below the prescribed lower limit.
  • Such an order can be carried out automatically by the control device cited above, the latter then also being connected to means for adjusting the power of the additional thermal source.
  • the incineration of waste containing dangerous components can also be supplemented by a purification of the smoke from the post-combustion chamber and / or the pyrolysis gases withdrawn from the gasification chamber to extracting harmful gases using known techniques, for example by passing the gaseous products through one or more layers of particles of limestone or other absorbent material and neutralizing these pollutants. If the purification step concerns the pyrolysis gases, for example these are passed through a conduit containing said materials and connecting the gasification chamber to the post-combustion chamber.
  • the post-combustion chamber can be subdivided into separate volumes connected in series so that the fumes pass through them successively.
  • One of these volumes is preferably arranged in a cyclone, the conduit leading to this volume being arranged to ensure a circular flow of gases therein.
  • a cyclone dust the gases.
  • the process can be carried out continuously.
  • the incinerator can be equipped with means for continuously or intermittently loading the new waste into the gasification chamber and discharging the ash and other non-combustible during the operation of the incinerator.
  • loading and unloading can be carried out by known means, for example by loading the waste by through an air lock.
  • the waste can be loaded directly into disposable containers (provided that they are flammable, for example the usual polyethylene bags) these bags are also incinerated with waste.
  • the supply of gasification agent is redistributed so that the surfaces internal parts of the gasification chamber are heat treated for disinfection.
  • the gasification chamber can be equipped with an additional inlet port for hot gasification agent.
  • the heating of this gasification agent can be provided in the same heat exchanger where the secondary air is preheated.
  • the incinerator can be equipped, in addition to a chimney, with a draft assistance device, for example an extractor fan or an ejector. This guarantees a slight negative pressure in the chambers of the incinerator so as to avoid gas leaks from them.
  • a draft assistance device for example an extractor fan or an ejector.
  • the process described is less sensitive to variations affecting the composition and properties of the waste, and significantly increases the possibilities of treating waste with low calorific value, high ash content and very wet, with which due to small amounts of heat released, self-sustaining gasification is impossible without such preheating or additional heat output.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an incinerator according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram similar to Figure 1, but on a slightly reduced scale and relating to a variant, with a detail II seen from above; and
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a laboratory incinerator according to the invention.
  • the incinerator of Figure 1 comprises a vertically elongated gasification chamber 1 having an upper opening which is normally closed by a cover 21 or by a device allowing the continuous or discontinuous loading of waste 22 during operation.
  • the cover is open, or thanks to such a loading device, the waste 22, such as hospital waste contained in disposable plastic containers, can be introduced into the gasification chamber 1.
  • a lower part 24 of the chamber gasification 1 is defined by a perforated wall through which the gasification chamber 1 is in fluid communication with a post-combustion chamber 5, which is in turn in fluid communication with the outside through a chimney 23 for the fumes. Part 24 projects inside the post-combustion chamber 5.
  • the wall defining the part 24 thus separating the interior of the gasification chamber 1 from the interior of the post-combustion chamber 5 is conductive of heat.
  • Part 24 of the gasification chamber is provided with an inlet orifice 3 for a gasification agent, more particularly: air with the possible addition of water vapor in the example.
  • a gasification agent more particularly: air with the possible addition of water vapor in the example.
  • Electric heating means 12 are mounted in the vicinity of the part 24 of the gasification chamber, either in the post-combustion chamber 5 in the vicinity of a perforated part of the wall defining the part 24, or in the adductor duct d gasification agent just upstream of the inlet 3.
  • the gasification gas products emerging from the gasification zone 2 flow through the perforated wall 24 into the post-combustion chamber 5.
  • An inlet 6 is provided in the post-combustion chamber 5 near the perforated wall 24 for injecting into the post-combustion chamber 5 a secondary oxidizing gas, such as air, so as to burn the gaseous gasification products in the post-combustion chamber.
  • the heating means 12 is used not only to initiate the gasification but also to initiate the ignition of the gasification gas products.
  • Secondary air is introduced in more than stoichiometric amounts of so that the fumes 7 in the post-combustion chamber 5 contain excess oxygen in a proportion corresponding to the standards relating to the decontamination of gases.
  • It is mounted in the post-combustion chamber 5 in the vicinity of the outlet thereof, a heat exchanger 8 in which air from an intake device 26 recovers heat from the flue gases which are on the point of leaving the post-combustion chamber 5.
  • the air outlet of the heat exchanger 8 is connected to the gasification agent inlet port 3 and to a secondary oxidant gas inlet port 6 through a respective flow adjustment means 31, 32.
  • the intake ports 3 and 6 are also connected to the air intake device 26 independently of the heat exchanger 8 through another means of respective flow rate adjustment 33, 34.
  • the temperature of the gasification agent and of the secondary oxidizing gas can be adjusted by adjusting, for each of them, the proportions of preheated air and of fresh air - which compose them. .
  • the gasification chamber 1 is also provided with an additional admission orifice 13 for introducing hot gasification agent at a location remote from the perforated wall 24, in the vicinity of the cover 21.
  • the admission orifice 13 is supplied with hot gasification agent also in the form of hot air available at the outlet of the heat exchanger 8.
  • the inlet orifice 13 is equipped with a flow control means 11.
  • the flow adjustment means 11, 31 to 34 are connected to an automatic pilot device 9 which also controls the operation of the heating device 12.
  • the heating device 12 is connected to temperature probes 10, one in the gasification chamber 1 and the other in the post-combustion chamber 5.
  • the flow control means 11 of the additional intake port 13 is controlled to send hot gasifying agent through the intake port 13 when the gasification chamber is nearly empty as a result of near completion an incineration session, so as to heat disinfect the internal surfaces of the gasification chamber. But since the gasification chamber is not yet completely empty, gaseous products continue to be produced in the gasification zone and to burn in the post-combustion chamber, so that the heat exchanger 8 is still capable to produce hot gasification agent for the intake orifice 13.
  • a draft assistance device 14, in the form of an ejector, is mounted at the outlet of the post-combustion chamber 5 to produce reliably a vacuum in the entire incinerator, so as to avoid the risk of leakage of harmful gas from the incinerator.
  • a filter 37 consisting for example of one or more layers of limestone particles is also mounted at the outlet of the post-combustion chamber 5.
  • the post-combustion chamber 5 is subdivided into two volumes 41, 42, which the fumes 7 pass through successively before leaving the chamber 5.
  • the downstream volume 42 is arranged in a cyclone with a vertical axis so as to dust off the fumes.
  • the gas conduit 43 through which the upstream volume 41 adjacent to the part 24 communicates with the downstream volume 42 has an opening of outlet directed in the circumferential direction of volume 42 to generate the cyclone effect.
  • the conduit 43 opens at the top of the volume 42.
  • An outlet conduit 44 allowing the fumes to exit from the volume 42 has an opening close to the base of the volume 42 and extends axially upward through the volume 42.
  • the outer surface of the duct 44 serves as a rotation guide for the fumes 7 in the volume 42 around the duct 44.
  • the heat exchanger 8 is placed downstream of the volume 42, between the latter and the ejector 14.
  • a filter such that 37 (Figure 1) has not been shown in Figure 2 but could also be provided.
  • the prototype incinerator shown in FIG. 3 was used for experimental tests and will be described at the same time as the following experimental examples.
  • the temperatures in the gasification zone and in the post-combustion chamber were around 800 to 900 and respectively 1000 to 1100 ° C.
  • the temperature of the flue gases leaving the post-combustion chamber behind the heat exchanger was less than 200 ° C.
  • the afterburner discharges contained no visible dust and were odorless.
  • Example 2 - 16% water was loaded into the laboratory incinerator described with reference to Example 1.
  • the mass and density of the loaded mixture were 0.17 kg and 190 kg / m3, respectively.
  • the temperature in the gasification zone and in the post-combustion chamber were about 900 to 1000 and 1100 to 1200 ° C, respectively; the temperature of the air supplying the chambers was around 500 to 600 ° C.
  • the smoke temperature at the outlet of the post-combustion chamber (behind the heat exchanger) was below 250 ° C.
  • the ooids of the non-combustible residue, consisting of glass 16 melt, sheet and ash was 0.02 kg; it contained no trace of residual carbon.

Abstract

Waste (22) moves down through a gasification chamber (1) as the lowermost waste is gasified by means of a gasifying agent fed in via an inlet (3). The gaseous gasification products (4) are fed into a postcombustion chamber (5) and burnt by means of a supply of secondary air (6). A heat exchanger (8) is arranged at the outlet of the postcombustion chamber (5) to preheat an adjustable proportion of the gasifying agent and the secondary air. The waste (22) in the gasification area (2) and the gaseous gasification products (4) are preheated before being fed into the postcombustion chamber (5) since the lower portion (24) of the gasification chamber (1) where the gasification area is located projects into the postcombustion chamber (5). Gasification and postcombustion processes may thus be sustained even with waste having a low calorific value.

Description

"Procédé et incinérateur pour incinérer les déchets hospitaliers et analogues" DESCRIPTION La présente invention concerne un procédé et un incinérateur pour incinérer de manière écologique les déchets hospitaliers et autres déchets solides contenant du combustible. "Process and incinerator for incinerating hospital waste and the like" DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to a process and an incinerator for environmentally incinerating hospital waste and other solid waste containing fuel.
L'élimination des déchets doit assurer une incinération totale du combustible à haute température, les résidus incombustibles et les fumées devant être exempts de germes, de composés dangereux et d'odeurs. Actuellement, la majeure partie des déchets hospitaliers est incinérée avec les ordures ménagères en des usines d'incinération. Ce procédé a l'inconvénient de présenter un grand risque de contamination pendant le transport des déchets contaminés dangereux, ou bien d'entraîner des coûts élevés de désinfection avant le transport.Waste disposal must ensure complete incineration of the fuel at high temperature, incombustible residues and smoke must be free of germs, dangerous compounds and odors. Currently, most of the hospital waste is incinerated with household waste in incineration plants. This process has the disadvantage of presenting a great risk of contamination during the transport of hazardous contaminated waste, or else of entailing high costs of disinfection before transport.
L' incinération de tels déchets directement sur le lieu de leur collecte (dans les cliniques, les hôpitaux etc....) pourrait réduire significativement le coût et le risque de contamination liés au transport. Cependant les petits dispositifs (fours) pour incinérer les déchets sont habituellement perfectibles et ne satisfont pas les exigences en matière de propreté des fumées, de fiabilité, et de commodité d'utilisation.The incineration of such waste directly at the place of collection (in clinics, hospitals, etc.) could significantly reduce the cost and the risk of contamination linked to transport. However, small devices (ovens) for incinerating waste are usually perfectible and do not meet the requirements in terms of smoke cleanliness, reliability, and convenience of use.
Ils polluent l'environnement en particulier lors de l'allumage et de l'extinction, ainsi que lorsque l'on recharge des déchets dans le four, en raison de l'importante formation de gaz causée par l'inflammation des déchets et la combustion. Le fonctionnement de tels incinérateurs peut être interrompu par des variations dans la composition et les propriétés des déchetsThey pollute the environment in particular during ignition and extinction, as well as when reloading waste in the oven, due to the significant formation of gas caused by ignition of the waste and combustion . The operation of such incinerators may be interrupted by variations in the composition and properties of the waste
(humidité, teneur en cendres, etc ), ce qui conduit à un accroissement des rejets nocifs.(humidity, ash content, etc.), which leads to an increase in harmful discharges.
Le EP-A-0 251 269 décrit un procédé et un appareillage pour gazéifier du combustible solide puis brûler les produits gazeux de gazéification. Un générateur de gaz pour gazéifier les combustibles solides tels que du bois, du charbon, des combustibles en briquettes, des déchets ménagers etc... est suivi par des brûleurs pour la combustion des produits gazeux directement après la gazéification. Pour améliorer le rendement thermique de la combustion des combustibles précités, l'air alimentant la zone de gazéification et le brûleur est chauffé avec de la chaleur dégagée au cours de la gazéification. Le chauffage de l'air est assuré en faisant passer l'air primaire et l'air secondaire à travers des passages ménagés dans une paroi multiple de la chambre de gazéification.EP-A-0 251 269 describes a process and an apparatus for gasifying solid fuel and then burn gaseous gasification products. A gas generator for gasifying solid fuels such as wood, coal, briquette fuels, household waste, etc. is followed by burners for the combustion of gaseous products directly after gasification. To improve the thermal efficiency of the combustion of the aforementioned fuels, the air supplying the gasification zone and the burner is heated with heat released during the gasification. The air is heated by passing the primary air and the secondary air through passages provided in a multiple wall of the gasification chamber.
Cet art antérieur exclut pratiquement la surcharge lorsque l'on traite du charbon ou des combustibles en briquettes, car le combustible alimente en continu la zone de gazéification, à mesure que les quantités précédentes sont consommées dans le processus de gazéification. Cependant le transfert de chaleur à partir de la zone de gazéification est un inconvénient du procédé car les combustibles à faible pouvoir calorifique (par exemple humides) ne peuvent pas brûler. Ceci entraîne des conditions sur la composition du combustible. Lorsque le combustible à traiter est composé de déchets, il n'alimente pas régulièrement la zone de gazéification car en raison de leur faible densité, les déchets chargés dans la chambre de gazéification peuvent adhérer aux parois de la chambre. Il en résulte que le combustible alimente la chambre de gazéification de manière discontinue et en conséquence les rejets nocifs sont accrus.This prior art practically excludes overloading when treating coal or briquette fuels, since the fuel continuously feeds the gasification zone, as the preceding quantities are consumed in the gasification process. However, the transfer of heat from the gasification zone is a drawback of the process because fuels with low calorific value (for example wet) cannot burn. This leads to conditions on the composition of the fuel. When the fuel to be treated is composed of waste, it does not regularly supply the gasification zone because, due to their low density, the waste loaded in the gasification chamber can adhere to the walls of the chamber. As a result, the fuel feeds the gasification chamber discontinuously and consequently the harmful discharges are increased.
Le FR-A-2 649 782 décrit un procédé destiné à exclure la pollution de l'environnement, indépendamment de la compétence de l'opérateur. Les étapes d'allumage, pyrolyse, combustion et refroidissement sont assurées en séquence sous pilotage automatique continu. La température est régulée en pilotant automatiquement le débit d'acheminement de l'air et le fonctionnement de brûleurs à gaz additionnels dans des chambres correspondantes de l'incinérateur. Ainsi, la surcharge entraînée par l'introduction d'une nouvelle fournée de déchets dans le four est empêchée. Ce procédé a pour principaux inconvénients de consommer beaucoup d'énergie, de nécessiter une installation complexe, ainsi qu'un combustible additionnel (gaz naturel) pour entretenir la pyrolyse et la combustion. Le but de la présente invention est d'assurer l'incinération écologique des déchets hospitaliers et autres déchets contenant du combustible, en minimisant l'apport de chaleur externe tout en assurant un fonctionnement stable pour une large gamme de compositions et propriétés des déchets, y compris les déchets humides.FR-A-2 649 782 describes a process intended to exclude pollution of the environment, regardless of the competence of the operator. The ignition, pyrolysis, combustion and cooling stages are carried out in sequence under continuous automatic piloting. The temperature is regulated by automatically controlling the air flow rate and operation of additional gas burners in corresponding chambers of the incinerator. Thus, the overload caused by the introduction of a new batch of waste into the furnace is prevented. The main drawbacks of this process are that it consumes a lot of energy and requires a complex installation, as well as additional fuel (natural gas) to maintain the pyrolysis and combustion. The object of the present invention is to ensure the ecological incineration of hospital waste and other waste containing fuel, by minimizing the supply of external heat while ensuring stable operation for a wide range of compositions and properties of the waste, including including wet waste.
Selon l'invention, il est proposé un procédé pour incinérer des déchets solides contenant du combustible, tels que des déchets hospitaliers, comprenant les étapes suivantes :According to the invention, a method is proposed for incinerating solid waste containing fuel, such as hospital waste, comprising the following steps:
- une étape de gazéification, durant laquelle lesdits déchets, en tant que premier composant, sont gazéifiés sous apport d'un agent gazéifiant constituant un second composant, - une étape de post-combustion pendant laquelle les produits gazeux de l'étape de gazéification, en tant que troisième composant, sont brûlés sous apport d'un gaz oxydant secondaire en tant que quatrième composant, caractérisé en ce qu'on transfère de la chaleur produite par ladite étape de post-combustion à au moins une partie de l'un au moins desdits composants avant qu'il soit consommé dans celle correspondante desdites étapes de gazéification et de post-combustion. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un incinérateur pour mettre en oeuvre le orocédé, comprenant une chambre de gazéification, pour 4 contenir un premier composant constitué de déchets à incinérer, des moyens pour introduire un agent de gazéification en tant que second composant dans ladite chambre de gazéification, une chambre de post- combustion, des moyens de communication de fluide entre la chambre de gazéification et la chambre de post¬ combustion, de manière à introduire dans la chambre de post-combustion un troisième composant constitué de produits gazeux provenant de la chambre de gazéification, et des moyens d'admission pour introduire dans la chambre de post-combustion un quatrième composant consistant en un gaz oxydant secondaire, caractérisé par des moyens pour transférer de la chaleur depuis la chambre de post-combustion à au moins une partie de l'un au moins desdits composants en amont de la chambre de post-combustion.a gasification step, during which said waste, as the first component, is gasified with the addition of a gasifying agent constituting a second component, a post-combustion step during which the gaseous products of the gasification step, as a third component, are burnt with the addition of a secondary oxidizing gas as a fourth component, characterized in that the heat produced by said post-combustion step is transferred to at least part of one to the less of said components before it is consumed in the corresponding one of said gasification and post-combustion stages. According to another aspect of the invention, an incinerator is proposed for implementing the process, comprising a gasification chamber, for 4 contain a first component consisting of waste to be incinerated, means for introducing a gasification agent as a second component into said gasification chamber, a post-combustion chamber, means of fluid communication between the gasification chamber and the post-combustion chamber, so as to introduce into the post-combustion chamber a third component consisting of gaseous products originating from the gasification chamber, and inlet means for introducing into the post-combustion chamber a fourth component consisting into a secondary oxidizing gas, characterized by means for transferring heat from the post-combustion chamber to at least part of at least one of said components upstream of the post-combustion chamber.
Ainsi, selon l'invention, de la chaleur générée par l'étape de post-combustion est utilisée pour préchauffer l'un au moins des composants (déchets et/ou agent de gazéification) du processus de gazéification et/ou l'un au moins des composants (produits gazeux de gazéification et/ou gaz oxydant secondaire) de la post¬ combustion elle-même.Thus, according to the invention, heat generated by the post-combustion step is used to preheat at least one of the components (waste and / or gasification agent) of the gasification process and / or one at less of the components (gaseous gasification products and / or secondary oxidizing gas) of the post-combustion itself.
Les fumées générées par le processus de post- combustion sont donc refroidies avant de se dégager, et la chaleur correspondante est utilisée pour favoriser l'entretien fiable de l'ensemble du procédé. Ceci évite autant que possible le besoin de puissance calorifique additionnelle. Néanmoins, dans le cas de déchets à très faible pouvoir calorifique, tels que des déchets humides, on peut faire intervenir une telle chaleur additionnelle, de préférence en régulant la puissance thermique additionnelle de manière à entretenir une température minimale de gazéification et/ou de post- combustion.The fumes generated by the post-combustion process are therefore cooled before being released, and the corresponding heat is used to promote reliable maintenance of the entire process. This avoids as much as possible the need for additional heating power. However, in the case of waste with very low calorific value, such as wet waste, such additional heat can be brought into play, preferably by regulating the additional thermal power so as to maintain a minimum gasification and / or post temperature. - combustion.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'agent de gazéification et l'air secondaire qui alimentent les chambres de gazéification et de post¬ combustion, respectivement, ou des fractions de ceux-ci lorsqu'on traite des déchets à haut pouvoir calorifique relativement secs, sont préchauffés en récupérant la chaleur des fumées générées dans la chambre de post¬ combustion. Cette récupération est effectuée par transfert de chaleur à travers des parois de conduits de gaz et/ou des parois de chambre. En particulier, on peut guider l'air servant d'agent de gazéification et/ou de gaz oxydant secondaire à travers un échangeur de chaleur monté dans la chambre de post-combustion ou dans une cheminée entre la chambre de post-combustion et l'extérieur. Pour réguler les températures dans les chambres respectives, on peut subdiviser les débits d'air de façon que seul une proportion réglable de l'air primaire (agent de gazéification) et/ou de l'air secondaire, respectivement, soit préchauffée, tandis que les autres parties sont directement envoyées dans les chambres. Selon l'invention, la chaleur des fumées peut également être communiquée aux déchets qui alimentent la zone de gazéification à mesure que les déchets précédents sont consommés. Un tel chauffage peut en particulier être assuré en agençant la chambre de gazéification de manière que la région où se trouve la zone de gazéification fasse au moins partiellement saillie dans la chambre de post-combustion.According to one embodiment of the invention, the gasification agent and the secondary air which feed the gasification and post-combustion chambers, respectively, or fractions thereof when treating relatively dry high calorific waste, are preheated by recovering the heat of the fumes generated in the post-combustion chamber. This recovery is carried out by heat transfer through walls of gas conduits and / or chamber walls. In particular, the air serving as a gasification agent and / or secondary oxidizing gas can be guided through a heat exchanger mounted in the post-combustion chamber or in a chimney between the post-combustion chamber and the outside. To regulate the temperatures in the respective chambers, the air flows can be subdivided so that only an adjustable proportion of the primary air (gasifying agent) and / or the secondary air, respectively, is preheated, while the other parts are sent directly to the rooms. According to the invention, the heat of the fumes can also be communicated to the waste which feeds the gasification zone as the preceding waste is consumed. Such heating can in particular be provided by arranging the gasification chamber so that the region where the gasification zone is located protrudes at least partially into the post-combustion chamber.
Le processus de gazéification et de post-combustion sont pilotés en régulant la consommation de l'agent de gazéification et de l'air secondaire et/ou en redistribuant l'agent de gazéification et l'air secondaire entre des orifices d'admission correspondants, en fonction des températures dans la zone de gazéification et dans la chambre de post- combustion. Les températures sont maintenues dans une plage dont la limite inférieure est définie par la nécessité d'éviter le dégagement de composés organiques, y compris les dioxynes, dans des concentrations dangereuses. La limite supérieure de température est en particulier déterminée par l'aptitude des matériaux constituant l'incinérateur à résister à la chaleur. Lorsque la température dans la zone de gazéification tend à dépasser la limite prescrite, on réduit le débit d'alimentation de l'agent de gazéification préchauffé de manière à réduire la proportion d'agent de gazéification préchauffé dans le débit total de l'agent de gazéification. Si la température dans la chambre de post-combustion dépasse la limite supérieure, on réduit le débit de l'air secondaire préchauffé par exemple en redistribuant de manière correspondante les débits vers des orifices d'admission respectifs de la chambre de post¬ combustion, de manière à réduire la proportion de l'air secondaire préchauffé dans le débit total d'air secondaire. Les pilotages précités peuvent être assurés automatiquement. L'incinérateur doit alors être muni d'un dispositif de pilotage relié à des sondes pour mesurer la température dans la chambre de gazéification et dans la chambre de post-combustion, et à des moyens correspondants, tels que des vannes ou des ventilateurs pilotés en vitesse, commandant les débits d'alimentation correspondants et la répartition de l'agent de gazéification et de l'air secondaire à travers des orifices d'admission des chambres de l'incinérateur en fonction de ces températures. Lorsqu'il s'agit de traiter des déchets particuliers dont on sait qu'ils se situent dans certaines limites de composition et de propriétés, ce pilotage peut toutefois être assuré par des réglages initiaux en usine, par simple montage de conduits de gaz correspondants, ayant des sections transversales corrélées.The gasification and post-combustion process are controlled by regulating the consumption of the gasification agent and the secondary air and / or by redistributing the gasification agent and the secondary air between corresponding intake orifices, depending on the temperatures in the gasification zone and in the post-combustion chamber. Temperatures are kept within a range whose lower limit is defined by the need to avoid release of compounds organic, including dioxynes, in dangerous concentrations. The upper temperature limit is in particular determined by the ability of the materials constituting the incinerator to withstand heat. When the temperature in the gasification zone tends to exceed the prescribed limit, the feed rate of the preheated gasification agent is reduced so as to reduce the proportion of preheated gasification agent in the total flow rate of the gasification. If the temperature in the post-combustion chamber exceeds the upper limit, the flow rate of the preheated secondary air is reduced, for example by correspondingly redistributing the flow rates towards respective intake orifices of the post-combustion chamber, so as to reduce the proportion of preheated secondary air in the total secondary air flow. The aforementioned controls can be provided automatically. The incinerator must then be fitted with a control device connected to probes to measure the temperature in the gasification chamber and in the post-combustion chamber, and to corresponding means, such as valves or fans controlled by speed, controlling the corresponding feed rates and the distribution of the gasification agent and the secondary air through the intake ports of the incinerator chambers as a function of these temperatures. When it comes to treating particular waste which we know to be within certain limits of composition and properties, this control can however be ensured by initial adjustments in the factory, by simple fitting of corresponding gas conduits, having correlated cross sections.
Le procédé peut utiliser de l'air comme agent de gazéification. Cependant, lorsque l'on traite des déchets secs à fort pouvoir calorifique, on peut aussi injecter de la vapeur dans l'agent de gazéification de façon à réduire la température dans la zone de gazéification. La chaleur nécessaire pour produire la vapeur peut être récupérée dans les fumées.The process can use air as a gasifying agent. However, when dealing with dry waste with high calorific value, steam can also be injected into the gasification agent so as to reduce the temperature in the gasification zone. The heat necessary to produce the steam can be recovered in the fumes.
Les déplacement successifs des déchets vers la zone de gazéification peuvent être obtenus par gravité des déchets et être favorisés par un dessin et une taille appropriée de la chambre de gazéification, par exemple en réalisant la chambre de gazéification évasée vers le bas, par exemple en cône. En variante ce déplacement peut être assuré par exemple par une sorte d'agitateur.The successive displacement of the waste towards the gasification zone can be obtained by gravity of the waste and can be favored by a design and an appropriate size of the gasification chamber, for example by making the gasification chamber flared downwards, for example in a cone . As a variant, this movement can be provided for example by a sort of agitator.
Le volume de la chambre de post-combustion est choisi de manière que lorsque l'incinérateur fonctionne à sa capacité nominale, le temps de rétention des fumées dans la chambre soit supérieur au temps standard requis et s'effectue sous une température et une concentration en oxygène supérieures aux valeurs standards prescrites, ces temps de rétention, température et concentration standards étant déterminés en vue de la décontamination certaine des fumées.The volume of the post-combustion chamber is chosen so that when the incinerator operates at its nominal capacity, the retention time of the fumes in the chamber is greater than the standard time required and is carried out under a temperature and a concentration of oxygen higher than the prescribed standard values, these retention times, standard temperature and concentration being determined with a view to certain decontamination of the fumes.
On peut amorcer le procédé par une impulsion thermique appliquée aux déchets dans la zone de gazéification et/ou au flux d'agent de gazéification, au moyen d'une source thermique additionnelle, par exemple un chauffage électrique dont on interrompt le fonctionnement une fois que le processus de gazéification s'est établi de manière stable. Toutefois, notamment lorsqu'on traite des déchets à faible pouvoir calorifique, au lieu d'interrompre le fonctionnement de la source thermique additionnelle, on peut ramener sa puissance à une valeur réduite, et de préférence on fait varier cette puissance réduite de façon à la faire augmenter lorsque la température dans la zone de gazéification passe en-dessous de la limite inférieure prescrite. Une telle commande peut être effectuée automatiquement par le dispositif de pilotage précité, ce dernier étant alors également relié à des moyens pour régler la puissance de la source thermique additionnelle.The process can be started by a thermal pulse applied to the waste in the gasification zone and / or to the gasification agent flow, by means of an additional thermal source, for example an electric heater, the operation of which is interrupted once the gasification process has been established steadily. However, in particular when treating waste with low calorific value, instead of interrupting the operation of the additional thermal source, its power can be reduced to a reduced value, and preferably this reduced power is varied so as to increase when the temperature in the gasification zone drops below the prescribed lower limit. Such an order can be carried out automatically by the control device cited above, the latter then also being connected to means for adjusting the power of the additional thermal source.
L'incinération de déchets contenant des composants dangereux, par exemple du chlore ou du soufre, peut être en outre complétée par une épuration des fumées de la chambre de post-combustion et/ou des gaz de pyrolyse soutirés de la chambre de gazéification pour en extraire les gaz nocifs au moyen de techniques connues, par exemple en faisant passer les produits gazeux à travers une ou plusieurs couches de particules de calcaire ou d'un autre matériau absorbant et neutralisant ces polluants. Si l'étape d'épuration concerne les gaz de pyrolyse, on fait par exemple passer ceux-ci par un conduit contenant lesdits matériaux et reliant la chambre de gazéification à la chambre de post-combustion.The incineration of waste containing dangerous components, for example chlorine or sulfur, can also be supplemented by a purification of the smoke from the post-combustion chamber and / or the pyrolysis gases withdrawn from the gasification chamber to extracting harmful gases using known techniques, for example by passing the gaseous products through one or more layers of particles of limestone or other absorbent material and neutralizing these pollutants. If the purification step concerns the pyrolysis gases, for example these are passed through a conduit containing said materials and connecting the gasification chamber to the post-combustion chamber.
Pour réduire les risques de pollution de l'air par des particules, la chambre de post-combustion peut être subdivisée en volume séparés reliés en série de façon que les fumées les traversent successivement tous. L'un de ces volumes est de préférence agencé en cyclone, le conduit menant à ce volume étant agencé pour y assurer un écoulement circulaire des gaz. Un tel cyclone dépoussière les gaz.To reduce the risk of air pollution by particles, the post-combustion chamber can be subdivided into separate volumes connected in series so that the fumes pass through them successively. One of these volumes is preferably arranged in a cyclone, the conduit leading to this volume being arranged to ensure a circular flow of gases therein. Such a cyclone dust the gases.
Pour réduire les émissions dues à l'allumage et à la mise à l'arrêt de l'incinérateur, le procédé peut être mis en oeuvre en continu. A cette fin, l'incinérateur peut être équipé de moyens pour charger en continu ou par intermittences les nouveaux déchets dans la chambre de gazéification et en décharger les cendres et autres incombustibles pendant le fonctionnement de l'incinérateur. Comme, dans la chambre de gazéification, la température n'est élevée que dans la région de la zone de gazéification, un tel chargement et déchargement peut être effectué par des moyens connus, par exemple en chargeant les déchets par l'intermédiaire d'un sas à air.To reduce emissions due to ignition and shutdown of the incinerator, the process can be carried out continuously. To this end, the incinerator can be equipped with means for continuously or intermittently loading the new waste into the gasification chamber and discharging the ash and other non-combustible during the operation of the incinerator. As the temperature in the gasification chamber is only high in the region of the gasification zone, such loading and unloading can be carried out by known means, for example by loading the waste by through an air lock.
Pour réduire les risques de contamination par des germes et autres substances chimiques dangereuses présentes dans les déchets, on peut charger les déchets directement dans des récipients jetables (à condition qu'ils soient inflammables, par exemple les sacs en polyéthylène usuels) ces sacs étant également incinérés avec les déchets.To reduce the risk of contamination by germs and other dangerous chemical substances present in the waste, the waste can be loaded directly into disposable containers (provided that they are flammable, for example the usual polyethylene bags) these bags are also incinerated with waste.
Avant d'éteindre l'incinérateur, lorsque sa chambre de gazéification est sensiblement vide de déchets à l'exception de la partie de cette chambre où se trouve la zone de gazéification, l'alimentation en agent de gazéification est redistribuée de manière que les surfaces internes de la chambre de gazéification soient traitées thermiquement en vue de leur désinfection. A cette fin, la chambre de gazéification peut être équipée d'un orifice d'admission supplémentaire pour de l'agent de gazéification chaud. Le chauffage de cet agent de gazéification peut être assuré dans le même échangeur de chaleur où est préchauffé l'air secondaire.Before switching off the incinerator, when its gasification chamber is substantially empty of waste with the exception of the part of this chamber where the gasification zone is located, the supply of gasification agent is redistributed so that the surfaces internal parts of the gasification chamber are heat treated for disinfection. To this end, the gasification chamber can be equipped with an additional inlet port for hot gasification agent. The heating of this gasification agent can be provided in the same heat exchanger where the secondary air is preheated.
Pour assurer un tirage régulier, l'incinérateur peut être équipé, en plus d'une cheminée, avec un dispositif d'assistance au tirage, par exemple un ventilateur extracteur ou un éjecteur. Ceci garantit une légère pression négative dans les chambres de l'incinérateur de façon à éviter les fuites de gaz à partir de celles-ci.To ensure a regular draft, the incinerator can be equipped, in addition to a chimney, with a draft assistance device, for example an extractor fan or an ejector. This guarantees a slight negative pressure in the chambers of the incinerator so as to avoid gas leaks from them.
Grâce au préchauffage précité de l'air et/ou des déchets, ainsi qu'au pilotage des débits d'agent de gazéification et d'air secondaire, et de la proportion de la partie préchauffée de ceux-ci, le procédé décrit est moins sensible aux variations affectant la composition et les propriétés des déchets, et accroît significativement les possibilités de traiter des déchets à faible pouvoir calorifique, forte teneur en cendre et très humides, avec lesquels en raison des faibles quantités de chaleur dégagées, la gazéification auto-entretenue est impossible sans un tel préchauffage ou une puissance calorifique supplémentaire.Thanks to the aforementioned preheating of the air and / or waste, as well as to the control of the gasifying agent and secondary air flows, and of the proportion of the preheated part of these, the process described is less sensitive to variations affecting the composition and properties of the waste, and significantly increases the possibilities of treating waste with low calorific value, high ash content and very wet, with which due to small amounts of heat released, self-sustaining gasification is impossible without such preheating or additional heat output.
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description ci-après relatives à des exemples non limitatifs. Aux dessins annexés :Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description below relating to nonlimiting examples. In the accompanying drawings:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un incinérateur selon l'invention ; - la figure 2 est un schéma analogue à la figure 1, mais à échelle légèrement réduite et relatif à une variante, avec un détail II vu de dessus ; et- Figure 1 is a schematic view of an incinerator according to the invention; - Figure 2 is a diagram similar to Figure 1, but on a slightly reduced scale and relating to a variant, with a detail II seen from above; and
- la figure 3 est une vue schématique d'un incinérateur de laboratoire selon l'invention. L'incinérateur de la figure 1 comprend une chambre de gazéification allongée verticalement 1 ayant une ouverture supérieure qui est normalement fermée par un couvercle 21 ou par un dispositif permettant le chargement continu ou discontinu de déchets 22 pendant le fonctionnement. Lorsque le couvercle est ouvert, ou grâce à un tel dispositif de chargement, les déchets 22, tels que des déchets hospitaliers contenus dans des récipients jetables en matière plastique, peuvent être introduits dans la chambre de gazéification 1. Une partie inférieure 24 de la chambre de gazéification 1 est définie par une paroi perforée à travers laquelle la chambre de gazéification 1 est en communication de fluide avec une chambre de post¬ combustion 5, laquelle est à son tour en communication de fluide avec l'extérieur à travers une cheminée 23 pour les fumées. La partie 24 fait saillie à l'intérieur de la chambre de post-combustion 5. La paroi définissant la partie 24 séparant ainsi l'intérieur de la chambre de gazéification 1 d'avec l'intérieur de la chambre de post-combustion 5 est conductrice de la chaleur.- Figure 3 is a schematic view of a laboratory incinerator according to the invention. The incinerator of Figure 1 comprises a vertically elongated gasification chamber 1 having an upper opening which is normally closed by a cover 21 or by a device allowing the continuous or discontinuous loading of waste 22 during operation. When the cover is open, or thanks to such a loading device, the waste 22, such as hospital waste contained in disposable plastic containers, can be introduced into the gasification chamber 1. A lower part 24 of the chamber gasification 1 is defined by a perforated wall through which the gasification chamber 1 is in fluid communication with a post-combustion chamber 5, which is in turn in fluid communication with the outside through a chimney 23 for the fumes. Part 24 projects inside the post-combustion chamber 5. The wall defining the part 24 thus separating the interior of the gasification chamber 1 from the interior of the post-combustion chamber 5 is conductive of heat.
La partie 24 de la chambre de gazéification est munie d'un orifice d'admission 3 pour un agent de gazéification, plus particulièrement: de l'air avec addition possible de vapeur d'eau dans l'exemple.Part 24 of the gasification chamber is provided with an inlet orifice 3 for a gasification agent, more particularly: air with the possible addition of water vapor in the example.
Des moyens de chauffage électrique 12 sont montés au voisinage de la partie 24 de la chambre de gazéification, soit dans la chambre de post-combustion 5 au voisinage d'une partie perforée de la paroi définissant la partie 24, soit dans le conduit adducteur d'agent de gazéification juste en amont de l'orifice d'admission 3.Electric heating means 12 are mounted in the vicinity of the part 24 of the gasification chamber, either in the post-combustion chamber 5 in the vicinity of a perforated part of the wall defining the part 24, or in the adductor duct d gasification agent just upstream of the inlet 3.
On va d'abord exposer le processus de gazéification. Les déchets 22 ayant été chargés dans la chambre de gazéification 1, le moyen de chauffage 12 est activé pour amorcer le chauffage de la partie inférieure des déchets 22, et l'agent de gazéification est envoyé à travers l'orifice d'admission 3. Ceci amorce la gazéification de ladite partie inférieure des déchets. A mesure que les parties successivement inférieures des déchets sont gazéifiées, les autres parties se déplacent successivement par gravité vers la paroi perforée 24. Il s'établit ainsi une zone de gazéification 2 sensiblement stable dans de la partie 24 de la chambre de gazéification.We will first explain the gasification process. The waste 22 having been loaded into the gasification chamber 1, the heating means 12 is activated to initiate heating of the lower part of the waste 22, and the gasification agent is sent through the inlet port 3. This initiates the gasification of said lower part of the waste. As the successively lower parts of the waste are gasified, the other parts successively move by gravity towards the perforated wall 24. A gasification zone 2 which is substantially stable is established in part 24 of the gasification chamber.
Les produits gazeux de gazéification se dégageant de la zone de gazéification 2 s'écoulent à travers la paroi perforée 24 dans la chambre de post-combustion 5. Un orifice d'admission 6 est prévu dans la chambre de post-combustion 5 près de la paroi perforée 24 pour injecter dans la chambre de post-combustion 5 un gaz oxydant secondaire, tel que de l'air, de façon à brûler les produits gazeux de gazéification dans la chambre de post-combustion.The gasification gas products emerging from the gasification zone 2 flow through the perforated wall 24 into the post-combustion chamber 5. An inlet 6 is provided in the post-combustion chamber 5 near the perforated wall 24 for injecting into the post-combustion chamber 5 a secondary oxidizing gas, such as air, so as to burn the gaseous gasification products in the post-combustion chamber.
Au début d'une session d'incinération, le moyen de chauffage 12 sert non seulement à amorcer la gazéification mais également à amorcer l'inflammation des produits gazeux de gazéification. L'air secondaire est introduit en quantité plus que stoechiomécrique de sorte que les fumées 7 dans la chambre de post¬ combustion 5 contiennent de l'oxygène en excès dans une proportion correspondant aux standards relatifs à la décontamination des gaz. Il est monté dans la chambre de post-combustion 5 au voisinage de la sortie de celle-ci, un échangeur de chaleur 8 dans lequel de l'air provenant d'un dispositif d'admission 26 récupère de la chaleur des fumées qui sont sur le point de quitter la chambre de post-combustion 5. La sortie d'air de l'échangeur de chaleur 8 est reliée à l'orifice d'admission d'agent de gazéification 3 et à un orifice d'admission de gaz oxydant secondaire 6 à travers un moyen de réglage de débit respectif 31, 32. Cependant, les orifices d'admission 3 et 6 sont également connectés au dispositif d'admission d'air 26 indépendamment de l'échangeur de chaleur 8 à travers un autre moyen de réglage de débit respectif 33, 34. Ainsi, la température de l'agent de gazéification et du gaz oxydant secondaire peut être réglée en réglant, pour chacun d'eux, les proportions d'air préchauffé et d'air frais -qui les composent.At the start of an incineration session, the heating means 12 is used not only to initiate the gasification but also to initiate the ignition of the gasification gas products. Secondary air is introduced in more than stoichiometric amounts of so that the fumes 7 in the post-combustion chamber 5 contain excess oxygen in a proportion corresponding to the standards relating to the decontamination of gases. It is mounted in the post-combustion chamber 5 in the vicinity of the outlet thereof, a heat exchanger 8 in which air from an intake device 26 recovers heat from the flue gases which are on the point of leaving the post-combustion chamber 5. The air outlet of the heat exchanger 8 is connected to the gasification agent inlet port 3 and to a secondary oxidant gas inlet port 6 through a respective flow adjustment means 31, 32. However, the intake ports 3 and 6 are also connected to the air intake device 26 independently of the heat exchanger 8 through another means of respective flow rate adjustment 33, 34. Thus, the temperature of the gasification agent and of the secondary oxidizing gas can be adjusted by adjusting, for each of them, the proportions of preheated air and of fresh air - which compose them. .
Il est prévu dans le conduit pour l'agent de gazéification chaud, en aval du moyen de réglage de débit correspondant 31, un moyen d'injection d'eau 36, cette eau formant de la vapeur dans l'agent de gazéification chauffé lorsqu'elle y est injectée.There is provided in the conduit for the hot gasification agent, downstream of the corresponding flow control means 31, a means for injecting water 36, this water forming vapor in the gasification agent heated when it is injected into it.
La chambre de gazéification 1 est également munie d'un orifice d'admission supplémentaire 13 pour introduire de l'agent de gazéification chaud en un emplacement éloigné de la paroi perforée 24, au voisinage du couvercle 21. L'orifice d'admission 13 est alimenté en agent de gazéification chaud également sous la forme d'air chaud disponible à la sortie de 1'échangeur de chaleur 8. L'orifice d'admission 13 est équipé d'un moyen de réglage de débit 11.The gasification chamber 1 is also provided with an additional admission orifice 13 for introducing hot gasification agent at a location remote from the perforated wall 24, in the vicinity of the cover 21. The admission orifice 13 is supplied with hot gasification agent also in the form of hot air available at the outlet of the heat exchanger 8. The inlet orifice 13 is equipped with a flow control means 11.
Les moyens de réglage de débit 11, 31 à 34 sont reliés à un dispositif de pilotage automatique 9 qui commande également le fonctionnement du dispositif de chauffage 12. Le dispositif de chauffage 12 est relié à des sondes de températures 10, une dans la chambre de gazéification 1 et l'autre dans la chambre de post- combustion 5.The flow adjustment means 11, 31 to 34 are connected to an automatic pilot device 9 which also controls the operation of the heating device 12. The heating device 12 is connected to temperature probes 10, one in the gasification chamber 1 and the other in the post-combustion chamber 5.
Le moyen de réglage de débit 11 de l'orifice d'admission supplémentaire 13 est commandé pour envoyer de l'agent de gazéification chaud à travers l'orifice d'admission 13 lorsque la chambre de gazéification est presque vide en conséquence du quasi-achèvement d'une session d'incinération, de manière à désinfecter par la chaleur les surfaces internes de la chambre de gazéification. Mais comme la chambre de gazéification n'est pas encore totalement vide, des produits gazeux continuent d'être produits dans la zone de gazéification et de brûler dans la chambre de post¬ combustion, de sorte que l'échangeur de chaleur 8 est toujours capable de produire de l'agent de gazéification chaud pour l'orifice d'admission 13. Un dispositif d'assistance au tirage 14, sous la forme d'un éjecteur, est monté à la sortie de la chambre de post-combustion 5 pour produire de manière fiable une dépression dans l'ensemble de l'incinérateur, de façon à éviter les risques de fuite de gaz nocif à partir de l'incinérateur.The flow control means 11 of the additional intake port 13 is controlled to send hot gasifying agent through the intake port 13 when the gasification chamber is nearly empty as a result of near completion an incineration session, so as to heat disinfect the internal surfaces of the gasification chamber. But since the gasification chamber is not yet completely empty, gaseous products continue to be produced in the gasification zone and to burn in the post-combustion chamber, so that the heat exchanger 8 is still capable to produce hot gasification agent for the intake orifice 13. A draft assistance device 14, in the form of an ejector, is mounted at the outlet of the post-combustion chamber 5 to produce reliably a vacuum in the entire incinerator, so as to avoid the risk of leakage of harmful gas from the incinerator.
Un filtre 37, constitué par exemple d'une ou plusieurs couches de particules calcaires est également monté à la sortie de la chambre de post-combustion 5.A filter 37, consisting for example of one or more layers of limestone particles is also mounted at the outlet of the post-combustion chamber 5.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, qui ne sera décrit que pour ses différences avec celui de la figure 1, la chambre de post-combustion 5 est subdivisée en deux volumes 41, 42, que les fumées 7 traversent successivement avant de quitter la chambre 5. Le volume aval 42 est agencé en cyclone à axe vertical de façon à dépoussiérer les fumées. Le conduit de gaz 43 par lequel le volume amont 41 adjacent à la partie 24 communiσue avec le volume aval 42 a une ouverture de sortie dirigée dans le sens circonférentiel du volume 42 pour engendrer l'effet cyclone. Le conduit 43 débouche au sommet du volume 42. Un conduit de sortie 44 permettant aux fumées de sortir du volume 42 a une ouverture voisine de la base du volume 42 et s'étend axialement vers le haut à travers le volume 42. Ainsi, la surface extérieure du conduit 44 sert de guide de rotation pour les fumées 7 dans le volume 42 autour du conduit 44. L'échangeur de chaleur 8 est placé en aval du volume 42, entre celui-ci et l'éjecteur 14. Un filtre tel que 37 (figure 1) n'a pas été représenté à la figure 2 mais pourrait également être prévu.In the example of FIG. 2, which will only be described for its differences from that of FIG. 1, the post-combustion chamber 5 is subdivided into two volumes 41, 42, which the fumes 7 pass through successively before leaving the chamber 5. The downstream volume 42 is arranged in a cyclone with a vertical axis so as to dust off the fumes. The gas conduit 43 through which the upstream volume 41 adjacent to the part 24 communicates with the downstream volume 42 has an opening of outlet directed in the circumferential direction of volume 42 to generate the cyclone effect. The conduit 43 opens at the top of the volume 42. An outlet conduit 44 allowing the fumes to exit from the volume 42 has an opening close to the base of the volume 42 and extends axially upward through the volume 42. Thus, the outer surface of the duct 44 serves as a rotation guide for the fumes 7 in the volume 42 around the duct 44. The heat exchanger 8 is placed downstream of the volume 42, between the latter and the ejector 14. A filter such that 37 (Figure 1) has not been shown in Figure 2 but could also be provided.
Le prototype d'incinérateur représenté à la figure 3 a été utilisé pour des tests expérimentaux et sera décrit en même temps que les exemples expérimentaux suivants.The prototype incinerator shown in FIG. 3 was used for experimental tests and will be described at the same time as the following experimental examples.
1°)- On a chargé dans une chambre de gazéification 1 du prototype d'incinérateur représenté à la figure 3 environ 0,2 kg de bois humidifié (50% en poids d'eau) en morceaux de 10 à 15 mm. La densité moyenne de la charge était de 240 kg/m.3. Après application d'une impulsion thermique par le chauffage électrique 12 au combustible en la partie inférieure de la chambre de gazéification 1 au-dessus de la grille 15, on a injecté de l'air primaire 3 dans la chambre de gazéification 1 et de l'air secondaire 6 dans la chambre de post¬ combustion 5. Ceci a causé l'inflammation d'une partie de la charge dans une région limitée inférieurement par la grille 15 et supérieurement par des ouvertures 16 à travers lesquelles les produits de gazéification 4 pouvaient s'écouler dans la chambre 5. C'est dans cette région que s'est établie la zone de gazéification 2. Les produits gazeux 4 ont ensuite été mélangés avec l'air secondaire 6 et brûlés dans la zone de combustion 17, produisant des fumées 7 extraits de la chambre 5. L'échangeur de chaleur 8 assurait le préchauffage de l'air primaire 3 et de l'air secondaire 6, et le refroidissement des fumées 7.1 °) - We loaded into a gasification chamber 1 of the prototype incinerator shown in Figure 3 about 0.2 kg of humidified wood (50% by weight of water) in pieces of 10 to 15 mm. The average charge density was 240 kg / m.3. After applying a thermal pulse by the electric heater 12 to the fuel in the lower part of the gasification chamber 1 above the grid 15, primary air 3 was injected into the gasification chamber 1 and l secondary air 6 in the post-combustion chamber 5. This caused part of the charge to ignite in a region limited below by the grid 15 and above by openings 16 through which the gasification products 4 could flow into the chamber 5. It is in this region that the gasification zone is established 2. The gaseous products 4 were then mixed with the secondary air 6 and burned in the combustion zone 17, producing fumes 7 extracts from the chamber 5. The heat exchanger 8 preheated the primary air 3 and the secondary air 6, and the smoke cooling 7.
Les débits d'alimentation de l'air primaire et de l'air secondaire étant respectivement de 0,5 et 0,4 1/seconde, le temps de traitement a été 10 mn. Les températures dans la zone de gazéification et dans la chambre de post-combustion étaient d'environ 800 à 900 et respectivement 1000 à 1100°C. La température des fumées à la sortie de la chambre de post-combustion derrière l'échangeur de chaleur était inférieure à 200°C. Les rejets de la chambre de post-combustion ne contenaient aucune poussière visible et étaient inodores.The feed rates of the primary air and the secondary air being respectively 0.5 and 0.4 1 / second, the treatment time was 10 min. The temperatures in the gasification zone and in the post-combustion chamber were around 800 to 900 and respectively 1000 to 1100 ° C. The temperature of the flue gases leaving the post-combustion chamber behind the heat exchanger was less than 200 ° C. The afterburner discharges contained no visible dust and were odorless.
2°)- Une charge échantillon, imitant la composition des déchets hospitaliers (selon l'analyse des déchets de l'Hôpital CHERNOGOLOVKA, région de Moscou, Russie) constituée de :2 °) - A sample charge, imitating the composition of hospital waste (according to the waste analysis from CHERNOGOLOVKA Hospital, Moscow region, Russia) consisting of:
- textiles 24% en poids- textiles 24% by weight
- papier 28%- paper 28%
- carton 12% - polyéthylène 9%- cardboard 12% - polyethylene 9%
- caoutchouc 2%- rubber 2%
- feuille d'aluminium 2%- aluminum sheet 2%
- verre 7%, et- 7% glass, and
- eau 16%, a été chargée dans l'incinérateur de laboratoire décrit en référence à l'exemple 1. La masse et la densité du mélange chargés étaient de 0,17 kg et 190 kg/m3, respectivement. Avec les mêmes débits d'alimentation que ceux de l'exemple 1, la température dans la zone de gazéification et dans la chambre de post-combustion étaient d'environ 900 à 1000 et respectivement 1100 à 1200°C, respectivement ; la température de l'air alimentant les chambres était d'environ 500 à 600°C. La température des fumées à la sortie de la chambre de post-combustion (derrière l'échangeur de chaleur) était inférieure à 250°C. Le ooids du résidu incombustible, constitué de verre 16 fondu, de feuille et de cendre était de 0,02 kg ; il ne contenait aucune trace de carbone résiduel. - 16% water was loaded into the laboratory incinerator described with reference to Example 1. The mass and density of the loaded mixture were 0.17 kg and 190 kg / m3, respectively. With the same feed rates as those of Example 1, the temperature in the gasification zone and in the post-combustion chamber were about 900 to 1000 and 1100 to 1200 ° C, respectively; the temperature of the air supplying the chambers was around 500 to 600 ° C. The smoke temperature at the outlet of the post-combustion chamber (behind the heat exchanger) was below 250 ° C. The ooids of the non-combustible residue, consisting of glass 16 melt, sheet and ash was 0.02 kg; it contained no trace of residual carbon.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé pour incinérer des déchets solides contenant du combustible, tels que des déchets hospitaliers, comprenant les étapes suivantes : - une étape de gazéification, durant laquelle lesdits déchets (22) , en tant que premier composant, sont gazéifiés sous apport d'un agent gazéifiant constituant un second composant, - une étape de post-combustion pendant laquelle les produits gazeux (4) de l'étape de gazéification, en tant que troisième composant sont brûlés sous apport d'un gaz oxydant secondaire en tant que quatrième composant, caractérisé en ce qu'on transfère de la chaleur produite par ladite étape de post-combustion à au moins une partie de l'un au moins desdits composants avant qu'il soit consommé dans celle correspondante desdites étapes de gazéification et de post-combustion.1. A method for incinerating solid waste containing fuel, such as hospital waste, comprising the following steps: - a gasification step, during which said waste (22), as the first component, is gasified with the addition of a gasifying agent constituting a second component, - a post-combustion step during which the gaseous products (4) of the gasification step, as the third component are burned with the addition of a secondary oxidizing gas as the fourth component, characterized in that the heat produced by said post-combustion step is transferred to at least part of at least one of said components before it is consumed in that corresponding to said gasification and post-combustion steps.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, concernant ledit "au moins un" composant, on règle une proportion de celui-ci à laquelle on transfère la chaleur produite par ladite post- combustion.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, concerning said "at least one" component, a proportion of it is regulated to which the heat produced by said post-combustion is transferred.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on mesure une température sous laquelle l'une des étapes de gazéification et de post-combustion est menée et on règle ladite proportion de façon à réguler cette température.3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that a temperature is measured under which one of the gasification and post-combustion stages is carried out and said proportion is adjusted so as to regulate this temperature.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on transfère ladite chaleur à une zone de gazéification (2) où l'on met en oeuvre l'étape de gazéification.4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said heat is transferred to a gasification zone (2) where the gasification step is carried out.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'on met en oeuvre l'étape de gazéification dans une chambre de gazéification (1) ayant des parois perméables à la chaleur (24) faisant saillie dans une chambre de post-combustion (5) dans laquelle on met en oeuvre l'étape de post-combustion.5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the gasification step is carried out in a gasification chamber (1) having heat-permeable walls (24) projecting into an after-combustion chamber ( 5) in which we put works the post-combustion stage.
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise de la chaleur produite par l'étape de post-combustion pour produire de la vapeur et introduire cette vapeur dans l'agent de gazéification (3) .6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat produced by the post-combustion step is used to produce steam and introduce this steam into the gasification agent (3 ).
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 a 6, caractérisé en ce qu'on épure les produits gazeux de gazéification (4) ou les fumées de post-combustion (7) pour en extraire des gaz nocifs.7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the gaseous gasification products (4) or the post-combustion fumes (7) are purified in order to extract harmful gases therefrom.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en qu'on effectue cette épuration en faisant passer les produits gazeux à travers au moins une couche de matériau (37) absorbant ou neutralisant les gaz nocifs. 8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that this purification is carried out by passing the gaseous products through at least one layer of material (37) absorbing or neutralizing harmful gases.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que préalablement à l'étape de gazéification, on charge les déchets dans une chambre de gazéification (1) alors qu'il sont rassemblés dans des récipients jetables (22) .9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that prior to the gasification step, the waste is loaded into a gasification chamber (1) while it is collected in disposable containers (22 ).
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'on amorce la gazéification par chauffage au moyen d'une source thermique additionnelle (12) d'au moins l'un desdits premier et second composants au voisinage d'une zone (2) destinée à la mise en oeuvre de l'étape de gazéification.10. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that gasification is initiated by heating by means of an additional thermal source (12) of at least one of said first and second components in the vicinity a zone (2) intended for the implementation of the gasification step.
11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'on régule la puissance de ladite source thermique additionnelle (12) en fonction de la température de post-combustion, lorsque l'on traite des déchets à faible pouvoir calorifique.11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the power of said additional thermal source (12) is regulated as a function of the post-combustion temperature, when treating waste with low calorific value.
12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'avant la fin d'une session d'incinération, lorsqu'une chambre de gazéification (1) dans laquelle ont été chargés les déchets à gazéifier est déjà presque vide de déchets, à l'exception d'une partie (2) de cette chambre où s'est effectuée l'étape de gazéification, on redistribue l'agent de gazéification dans la chambre de gazéification de façon à traiter thermiquement des surfaces internes de la chambre de gazéification pour la désinfecter avec de l'agent de gazéification chaud (13) .12. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that before the end of an incineration session, when a gasification chamber (1) into which the waste to be gasified has been loaded is already almost empty of waste, With the exception of part (2) of this chamber where the gasification step was carried out, the gasification agent is redistributed in the gasification chamber so as to heat treat the internal surfaces of the gasification chamber to disinfect it with hot gasifier (13).
13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'avant la fin d'une session d'incinération, lorsqu'une chambre de gazéification (1) dans laquelle ont été chargés les déchets à gazéifier est déjà sensiblement vide de déchets à l'exception d'une partie (2) de cette chambre où s'est effectuée l'étape de gazéification, on alimente de l'agent de gazéification chauffé par de la chaleur des fumées de post-combustion pour balayer cette chambre de gazéification de manière à traiter thermiquement des surfaces internes de la chambre de gazéification pour désinfecter celles-ci avec de l'agent de gazéification chauffé (13).13. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that before the end of an incineration session, when a gasification chamber (1) into which the waste to be gasified has been loaded is already substantially empty of waste with the exception of a part (2) of this chamber where the gasification step was carried out, the gasification agent heated by heat is supplied with post-combustion fumes to sweep this gasification chamber so as to heat treat the internal surfaces of the gasification chamber to disinfect them with heated gasification agent (13).
14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'on recharge des déchets à gazéifier et éventuellement on décharge des cendres et autres incombustibles pendant la mise en oeuvre de la gazéification et de la post-combustion.14. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the waste to be gasified is recharged and possibly ash and other incombustibles are discharged during the implementation of the gasification and post-combustion.
15. Incinérateur pour la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14,- comprenant une chambre de gazéification (1), pour contenir un premier composant constitué de déchets à incinérer (22) , des moyens (3) pour introduire un agent de gazéification en tant que second composant dans ladite chambre de gazéification, une chambre de post¬ combustion (5) , des moyens pour communication de fluide entre la chambre de gazéification (1) et la chambre de post-combustion (5), de manière à introduire dans la chambre de post-combustion un troisième composant constitué de produits gazeux (4) provenant de la chambre de gazéification (1), et des moyens d'admission (6) pour introduire dans la chambre de post-combustion (5) un quatrième composant consistant en un gaz oxydant secondaire, caractérisé par des moyens (8,24) pour transférer de la chaleur depuis la chambre de post¬ combustion (5) à au moins une partie de l'un au moins desdits composants en amont de la chambre de post¬ combustion (5) .15. Incinerator for implementing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, - comprising a gasification chamber (1), for containing a first component consisting of waste to be incinerated (22), means ( 3) to introduce a gasification agent as a second component into said gasification chamber, a post-combustion chamber (5), means for fluid communication between the gasification chamber (1) and the post-combustion chamber (5), so as to introduce into the post-combustion chamber a third component consisting of gaseous products (4) coming from the gasification chamber (1), and inlet means (6) for introducing into the post-combustion chamber (5) a fourth component consisting of a secondary oxidizing gas, characterized by means (8,24) for transferring from the heat from the post-combustion chamber (5) to at least part of at least one of said components upstream of the post-combustion chamber (5).
16. Incinérateur selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour transférer de la chaleur comprennent une paroi conductrice de la chaleur (24) séparant la chambre de post-combustion (5) d'une zone de gazéification (2) de ladite chambre de gazéification (1) . 16. Incinerator according to claim 15, characterized in that the means for transferring heat comprise a heat conducting wall (24) separating the post-combustion chamber (5) from a gasification zone (2) of said gasification chamber (1).
17. Incinérateur selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que la zone de gazéification (2) est agencée dans une partie de la chambre de gazéification (1) qui fait saillie dans la chambre de post-combustion (5) . 17. Incinerator according to claim 16, characterized in that the gasification zone (2) is arranged in a part of the gasification chamber (1) which projects into the post-combustion chamber (5).
18. Incinérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 17, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour transférer de la chaleur comprennent un échangeur de chaleur (8) monté et relié pour transférer de la chaleur des fumées (7) de la chambre de post- combustion (5) à une partie au moins de l'un au moins desdits second, troisième et quatrième composants.18. Incinerator according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the means for transferring heat comprise a heat exchanger (8) mounted and connected to transfer heat from the fumes (7) of the post-combustion (5) to at least part of at least one of said second, third and fourth components.
19. Incinérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il est muni d'un dispositif de pilotage (9) relié à des sondes (10) pour mesurer la température dans l'une au moins des chambres de gazéification et de post-combustion, et à des moyens (11, 31 à 34) pour régler le débit et la répartition de l'agent de gazéification et du gaz oxydant secondaire en fonction de ces températures. 19. Incinerator according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that it is provided with a control device (9) connected to probes (10) for measuring the temperature in at least one of the chambers gasification and post-combustion, and means (11, 31 to 34) for adjusting the flow and distribution of the gasification agent and the secondary oxidizing gas as a function of these temperatures.
20. Incinérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il est muni d'un moyen de pilotage (9) relié à des sondes (10) pour mesurer la température dans l'une au moins des chambres de gazéification (1) et de post-combustion (5) et à des moyens (11) pour régler la proportion dudit "au moins un" composant qui est soumise à un transfert de chaleur de la chambre de post-combustion en fonction de ces températures.20. Incinerator according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that it is provided with a control means (9) connected to probes (10) for measuring the temperature in at least one of the gasification (1) and post-combustion (5) chambers and to means (11) for adjusting the proportion of said "at least one" component which is subjected to a transfer of heat of the post-combustion chamber as a function of these temperatures.
21. Incinérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il est muni d'un moyen de pilotage (9) relié à des moyens de détection (10) pour mesurer la température dans l'une au moins des chambres de gazéification et de post¬ combustion, et à des moyens pour régler la puissance d'une source thermique additionnelle (12) montée au voisinage d'une zone de gazéification (2) dans ladite chambre de gazéification (1) .21. Incinerator according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that it is provided with a control means (9) connected to detection means (10) for measuring the temperature in at least one gasification and post-combustion chambers, and means for adjusting the power of an additional thermal source (12) mounted in the vicinity of a gasification zone (2) in said gasification chamber (1).
22. Incinérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 21, caractérisé en ce que sa chambre de gazéification (1) est munie de moyens d'admission supplémentaire (13) pour de l'agent de gazéification chauffé destiné à assurer la désinfection des surfaces internes de la chambre de gazéification.22. Incinerator according to any one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that its gasification chamber (1) is provided with additional intake means (13) for heated gasification agent intended to ensure the disinfection of internal surfaces of the gasification chamber.
23. Incinérateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 22, caractérisé en ce que la sortie de la chambre de post-combustion (5) est munie d'un dispositif d'assistance au tirage (14), par exemple un ventilateur extracteur ou un éjecteur.23. Incinerator according to any one of claims 15 to 22, characterized in that the outlet of the post-combustion chamber (5) is provided with a draft assistance device (14), for example an extractor fan or an ejector.
24. Incinérateur selon l'une des revendications 15 à 23, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de post- combustion (5) est agencée de façon à être subdivisée en au moins deux volumes (41, 42) successivement traversés par le flux de gaz (7) .24. Incinerator according to one of claims 15 to 23, characterized in that the post-combustion chamber (5) is arranged so as to be subdivided into at least two volumes (41, 42) successively traversed by the gas flow (7).
25. Incinérateur selon la revendication (24), caractérisé en ce que l'un (42) au moins des volumes est agencé en cyclone pour dépoussiérer le flux de gaz. 25. Incinerator according to claim (24), characterized in that at least one (42) of the volumes is arranged in a cyclone to dedust the flow of gas.
EP95924900A 1994-06-23 1995-06-22 Method and incinerator for incinerating hospital waste and the like Expired - Lifetime EP0834042B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU94021261/03A RU2089786C1 (en) 1994-06-23 1994-06-23 Method and device for decontamination and destruction of hospital solid wastes
FR9410010A FR2721689B1 (en) 1994-06-23 1994-08-12 Method and incinerator for incinerating hospital and similar waste.
PCT/EP1995/002418 WO1996000366A1 (en) 1994-06-23 1995-06-22 Method and incinerator for incinerating hospital waste and the like

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0834042A1 true EP0834042A1 (en) 1998-04-08
EP0834042B1 EP0834042B1 (en) 2001-02-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95924900A Expired - Lifetime EP0834042B1 (en) 1994-06-23 1995-06-22 Method and incinerator for incinerating hospital waste and the like

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0834042B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2922995A (en)
WO (1) WO1996000366A1 (en)

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GB2488351A (en) * 2011-02-24 2012-08-29 Main Systems Transitions Ltd Inducing waste treatment apparatus exhaust gases with a converging gas flow

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US3918373A (en) * 1973-12-14 1975-11-11 Andco Inc Solid waste disposal system
DE2721213C2 (en) * 1977-05-11 1978-09-28 Josef 8399 Ruhstorf Probsteder Solid waste fuel furnace
DE3335537C1 (en) * 1983-09-30 1984-12-13 Ewald 4133 Neukirchen-Vluyn Schwing Plant for the stripping of metallic and ceramic objects
DE3409292C2 (en) * 1984-03-14 1986-07-31 Manfred 4440 Rheine Köpke Solid gasification boiler
FR2649186B2 (en) * 1986-05-23 1991-10-31 Sofresid IMPROVED INSTALLATION FOR THE DESTRUCTION BY INCINERATION OF HOUSEHOLD GARBAGE OR OTHER MATERIALS
US4848249A (en) * 1987-11-30 1989-07-18 Texas A&M University System and process for conversion of biomass into usable energy

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2488351A (en) * 2011-02-24 2012-08-29 Main Systems Transitions Ltd Inducing waste treatment apparatus exhaust gases with a converging gas flow
GB2488351B (en) * 2011-02-24 2018-05-09 Main Systems Transitions Ltd Apparatus and method for the treatment of exhaust gases

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1996000366A1 (en) 1996-01-04
EP0834042B1 (en) 2001-02-28
AU2922995A (en) 1996-01-19

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