EP0828970B1 - Separation process and device - Google Patents

Separation process and device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0828970B1
EP0828970B1 EP96914005A EP96914005A EP0828970B1 EP 0828970 B1 EP0828970 B1 EP 0828970B1 EP 96914005 A EP96914005 A EP 96914005A EP 96914005 A EP96914005 A EP 96914005A EP 0828970 B1 EP0828970 B1 EP 0828970B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
separation
wall
chamber
flue gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP96914005A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0828970A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd BRÄNDLE
Erich Fercher
Alfred Glasner
Georg Obwaller
Emmerich Seidelberger
Karl VOIGTLÄNDER
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AE ENERGIETECHNIK GmbH
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AE Energietechnik GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/50—Fluidised bed furnace
    • F23G2203/501—Fluidised bed furnace with external recirculation of entrained bed material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/20—Intercepting solids by baffles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for separating the bed material and for using the heat the flue gas of an incineration plant based on the principle of a circulating fluidized bed in the heating surfaces downstream of the incinerator, in which the fluidized bed rising flue gas flow with the carried solids after the cooled by riser pipes Combustion chamber in a shaft in the direction of gravity and at the end of the shaft after one Separation of the solids with a deflection against the direction of gravity extended shaft cross-section is guided, and an incinerator for carrying out the Procedure.
  • JP-A-1184301 and WO 90/05020 disclose fluidized bed combustion plants according to the Principle of the circulating fluidized bed, in which coarse and fine dust is deposited together and this dust mixture is treated differently according to its grain size. Heated downpipes are not disclosed.
  • the invention has set itself the task of heat transfer in the heating surfaces after Improve the combustion chamber by increasing the dust radiation and the separation system in the cooled part of the steam boiler construction is integrated. This will reduce the size same heat output reduced and the heat loss partly due to surface reduction and in part by integrating the separator into the cooling circuit of the steam generator downsized so that the efficiency is also improved.
  • the simple structure of the The separator can be easily made from fin tube walls.
  • the Construction according to the invention by the execution in steel construction and by the reduced Mass, especially the insulation, a reduction in start-up times.
  • the invention The design enables the cooled version of the to be carried out in an economical and simple manner Separation chamber and the bed return.
  • the inclusion of the separator, or its wall, in the pipe wall construction also increases the strength of the boiler body and thus the Overall construction.
  • the method is characterized in that only the coarser one is used to maintain the bed inventory Solid content burned off during the deflection and is returned down into the combustion chamber and the flue gas with the remaining dust on the downstream heating surfaces due to radiation and convection heat emits and the downpipes arranged in the rear wall of the separating device are heated.
  • the incinerator for performing the method is characterized in that the Rear wall of the separating and return device is formed as part of the downpipe system and is bent to form a separation chamber with a funnel-shaped lower part, the Separation chamber next to the upper part of the combustion chamber in the form of a flue gas deflector is provided, to which a collecting shaft for the return of the bed material is connected is and the combustion chamber and separation chamber have side walls which are part of the Riser pipe system are formed, which opens into a steam drum that on a Standpipe group is arranged and is connected to the boiler body in the region of the front wall.
  • Embodiments of the invention are specified in subclaims 3 to 9.
  • the method is illustrated by the figures connected to an incinerator according to the invention represent exemplary and schematic for performing the method. Show it Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 each in plan and elevation of a possible embodiment.
  • Fig. 1 shows the upper part of a combustion chamber 1 of a steam generator with a deflection wall 14.
  • Die Combustion chamber 1 with the front wall 3, intermediate wall 4, the side walls 5 and 6 and the rear wall 7 form the boiler body as a static unit.
  • the angled deflection wall 14 forms the Part of the combustion chamber ceiling and divides the separation chamber 2 into two parts, one after the other Exhaust gas flowing through the combustion chamber 1.
  • the Front wall 3 or the two side walls 5 and 6 can be connected as an intermediate wall Deflection wall 14 are formed, whereby the fluidized bed properties even further improve.
  • the deflection wall 14 and its lower header 12 are at least on the inflow side equipped with a wear layer 15, while the rear of the deflection wall 14 and all others Boundary walls of the separation chamber 2 covered with a thin wear layer or better heat absorption are left blank.
  • the separation chamber 2 is from the rear wall 7, Parts of the side walls 5 and 6 and the intermediate wall 4 are formed.
  • the weakly heated back wall 7 is designed as part of the downpipe system and serves to supply cooling water to the riser system, which is essentially formed by the walls of the combustion chamber 1, with the Deflection wall 14 is integrated in the riser pipe system.
  • the fin tubes of the deflection wall 14 are fed by own collectors 12, which through the downpipe system with the steam drum 16 are connected. Masonry partitions are thus avoided.
  • the combustion is based on the principle of the circulating fluidized bed carried out, in which the resulting flue gas bed material, such as Ash, sand and fuel, discharges upwards from the combustion chamber 1.
  • the resulting flue gas bed material such as Ash, sand and fuel
  • the resulting flue gas bed material discharges upwards from the combustion chamber 1.
  • the coarser solids content with the Arrangement of a deflection wall 14 according to the invention separated from the flue gas and again the Combustion chamber 1 supplied.
  • the path of the bed material is shown by dashed arrows and the path of the flue gas indicated by solid line arrows.
  • the solid content is due to its much higher density compared to the flue gas in the Deflection over the upper edge 13 of the intermediate wall 4 by the centrifugal force to the outside and at second deflection in the region of the lower end of the deflection wall 14 downwards in the direction of the Return device 9 pushed and thus separated from the flue gas stream.
  • the on the Deflection wall 14 braked or deflected mainly larger solid particles fall into the separation chamber 2 by the upward deflected flue gas stream and become Part by the flow rate on the bent towards the return device 9 Rear wall 7 deflected and the collecting shaft 11 or a storage space 10 and fed back to the feedback device 9.
  • the separation chamber 2 is designed so that the larger solid parts due to the higher inertia forces the sharp 180 ° deflection of the flue gas flow and cannot take part in the reduction in the flue gas velocity.
  • Finer particles which are deflected and discharged through the flue gas into the second train contribute to the heat exchange in the downstream heating surfaces. Because of the Small grain diameter of the finer material does not occur in the downstream heating surfaces Erosion.
  • the separated material is transferred via a siphon-like return device 9, as in FIG. 1 shown, or returned via an L-valve or an overflow weir. In most cases it comes but with a simple return device 9, z. B. an inclined plane, as in Fig. 2nd shown, so that no special sealing is necessary.
  • the feedback device 9 Conveniently opens out, as indicated in the two figures, at about half the combustion chamber height the combustion chamber 1, the bed material through the downward wall flow into the actual fluidized bed is returned. In the case of the upper, direct material return without Sealing, as in Fig. 2, the separated material slips freely into the combustion chamber 1 and falls along the intermediate wall 4 in the lower part of the combustion chamber.
  • the return device 9 can also only in the vicinity of the combustion chamber floor be arranged where the bed material over a suitable sealing member to prevent Bypas flows from the combustion chamber 1 through the separation chamber 2 into the combustion chamber 1 is returned.
  • both the combustion chamber 1 and the Separation chamber 2 are rectangular or square.
  • the integration of the Deflection wall 14 in the boiler construction thus also increases the strength of the overall unit.
  • these components can be made using the same methods as all the others Walls are made and can also be easily integrated into the boiler body. This design enables the cooled design of the separator and the Return of bed material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for separating the bed material and to increase the heat transfer in an incineration plant operating on the circulating fluidised bed principle and a corresponding finned-tube incineration plant for implementing the process with a separation and return device parallel to the combustion chamber to separate and return the bed material into the combustion chamber, the stream of flue gas from the combustion chamber with the material conveyed with it is deflected in the gravitational direction and subsequently against gravity so that the coarse material is separated and returned and the fine material is used for transferring heat to the downstream heating surfaces. To this end, there is a deflection wall (14) partly separated by an intermediate wall (4) with a separation chamber (2) and a return device (9), where these devices form part of the descending and rising pipe system of the boiler body.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Abscheidung des Bettmaterials und zur Nutzung der Wärme des Rauchgases einer Verbrennungsanlage nach dem Prinzip einer zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht in den der Verbrennungsanlage nachgeschalteten Heizflächen, bei dem der von der Wirbelschicht aufsteigende Rauchgasstrom mit dem mitgeführten Feststoffen nach der durch Steigrohre gekühlten Brennkammer in einem Schacht in Richtung der Schwerkraft und am Ende des Schachts nach einer Abtrennung der Feststoffe über eine Umlenkung entgegen der Richtung der Schwerkraft mit erweitertem Schachtquerschnitt geführt wird, und eine Verbrennungsanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for separating the bed material and for using the heat the flue gas of an incineration plant based on the principle of a circulating fluidized bed in the heating surfaces downstream of the incinerator, in which the fluidized bed rising flue gas flow with the carried solids after the cooled by riser pipes Combustion chamber in a shaft in the direction of gravity and at the end of the shaft after one Separation of the solids with a deflection against the direction of gravity extended shaft cross-section is guided, and an incinerator for carrying out the Procedure.

Es sind Verfahren bekannt, bei denen als Primärabscheider Zyklone, wie zum Teil ungekühlte, abgestampfte Zyklone, neben oder oberhalb der Brennkammer angeordnet sind. Die wärmespeichernden, vom Rauchgasstrom mitgetragenen Partikel werden darin zum größten Teil abgeschieden und tragen dadurch in den nachgeschalteten Heizflächen nicht mehr zum Wärmeaustausch bei. Diese Zyklon-Bauweise ist außerdem schwer, platzaufwendig und weist trotz aufwendiger Isolierungen der Blechkonstruktion einen erheblichen Wärmeverlust durch Abstrahlung auf. Diese Bauweise bedingt beträchtliche Anfahrzeiten.Methods are known in which cyclones, such as partly uncooled, are removed as primary separators Cyclones are arranged next to or above the combustion chamber. The heat-storing, Particles carried by the flue gas stream are largely separated and carried in it therefore no longer contributes to heat exchange in the downstream heating surfaces. This cyclone construction is also heavy, takes up a lot of space and, despite extensive insulation, has Sheet metal construction causes considerable heat loss due to radiation. This design requires considerable start-up times.

Aus der DE-A-34 40 583 ist eine stationäre Wirbelschichtverbrennungsanlage bekannt, bei der der vom Abgas mitgeführte Staub zur Vermeidung von Umweltbelastungen möglichst vollständig abgeschieden wird, wodurch die nachgeschalteten Heizflächen hauptsächlich durch Konvektion beheizt werden. Im verwendetem Kühlsystem wird nicht zwischen Fall- und Steigrohrsystem unterschieden.From DE-A-34 40 583 a stationary fluidized bed combustion plant is known, in which the Dust carried by the exhaust gas as completely as possible to avoid environmental pollution is deposited, whereby the downstream heating surfaces mainly by convection be heated. In the cooling system used, there is no difference between the downpipe and the riser system distinguished.

Die JP-A-1184301 und die WO 90/05020 offenbaren Wirbelschichtverbrennungsanlagen nach dem Prinzip der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht, bei welchen Grob- und Feinstaub gemeinsam abgeschieden wird und dieses Staubgemisch entsprechend seiner Korngröße unterschiedlich weiterbehandelt wird. Beheizte Fallrohre sind nicht geoffenbart.JP-A-1184301 and WO 90/05020 disclose fluidized bed combustion plants according to the Principle of the circulating fluidized bed, in which coarse and fine dust is deposited together and this dust mixture is treated differently according to its grain size. Heated downpipes are not disclosed.

Die Erfindung hat es sich zur Aufgabe gestellt den Wärmeübergang in den Heizflächen nach der Brennkammer zu verbessern, indem die Staubstrahlung erhöht und das Abscheidesystem in den gekühlten Teil der Dampfkesselkonstruktion eingebunden wird. Hierdurch wird die Baugröße bei gleicher Wärmeleistung vermindert und der Wärmeverlust teilweise durch Oberflächenverkleinerung und teilweise durch Einbindung des Abscheiders in den Kühlkreislauf des Dampferzeugers verkleinert, so daß auch der Wirkungsgrad verbessert wird. Durch den einfachen Aufbau des Abscheiders läßt sich dieser aus Flossenrohrwänden leicht herstellen. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion durch die Ausführung in Stahlbauweise und durch die verringerte Masse, insbesondere der Isolierung, eine Verkürzung der Anfahrzeiten. Die erfindungsgemäße Bauweise ermöglicht auf wirtschaftliche und einfache Weise die gekühlte Ausführung der Abscheidekammer und der Bettrückführung. Die Einbindung des Abscheiders, bzw. dessen Wand, in die Rohrwandkonstruktion erhöht damit auch die Festigkeit des Kesselkörpers und damit der Gesamtkonstruktion.The invention has set itself the task of heat transfer in the heating surfaces after Improve the combustion chamber by increasing the dust radiation and the separation system in the cooled part of the steam boiler construction is integrated. This will reduce the size same heat output reduced and the heat loss partly due to surface reduction and in part by integrating the separator into the cooling circuit of the steam generator downsized so that the efficiency is also improved. The simple structure of the The separator can be easily made from fin tube walls. In addition, the Construction according to the invention by the execution in steel construction and by the reduced Mass, especially the insulation, a reduction in start-up times. The invention The design enables the cooled version of the to be carried out in an economical and simple manner Separation chamber and the bed return. The inclusion of the separator, or its wall, in the pipe wall construction also increases the strength of the boiler body and thus the Overall construction.

Das Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Erhaltung des Bettinventars nur der gröbere Feststoffanteil bei der Umlenkung abgekrennt und nach unten in die Brennkammer zurückgeführt wird und das Rauchgas mit dem verbliebenen Staub an den nachgeschalteten Heizflächen durch Strahlung und Konvektion Wärme abgibt und die in der Rückwand der Abscheideeinrichtung angeordneten Fallrohre beheizt werden.The method is characterized in that only the coarser one is used to maintain the bed inventory Solid content burned off during the deflection and is returned down into the combustion chamber and the flue gas with the remaining dust on the downstream heating surfaces due to radiation and convection heat emits and the downpipes arranged in the rear wall of the separating device are heated.

Die Verbrennungsanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rückwand der Abscheide- und Rückführvorrichtung als Teil des Fallrohrsystems ausgebildet ist und zur Bildung einer Abscheidekammer mit trichterförmigem Unterteil abgebogen ist, wobei die Abscheidekammer neben dem oberen Teil der Brennkammer in Form einer Rauchgasumlenkung vorgesehen ist, an welcher ein Sammelschacht für die Rückführung des Bettmaterials angeschlossen ist und die Brennkammer und Abscheidekammer Seitenwände aufweisen, die als Teil des Steigrohrsystems ausgebildet sind, welches in eine Dampftrommel mündet, die auf einer Standrohrgruppe angeordnet ist und mit dem Kesselkörper im Bereich der Vorderwand verbunden ist.The incinerator for performing the method is characterized in that the Rear wall of the separating and return device is formed as part of the downpipe system and is bent to form a separation chamber with a funnel-shaped lower part, the Separation chamber next to the upper part of the combustion chamber in the form of a flue gas deflector is provided, to which a collecting shaft for the return of the bed material is connected is and the combustion chamber and separation chamber have side walls which are part of the Riser pipe system are formed, which opens into a steam drum that on a Standpipe group is arranged and is connected to the boiler body in the region of the front wall.

Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 3 bis 9 angegeben.Embodiments of the invention are specified in subclaims 3 to 9.

Das Verfahren wird anhand der angeschlossenen Figuren, die eine erfindungsgemäße Verbrennungsanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens beispielhaft und schematisch darstellen, erläutert. Es zeigen Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 jeweils in Grund- und Aufriß eine mögliche Ausführungsform.The method is illustrated by the figures connected to an incinerator according to the invention represent exemplary and schematic for performing the method. Show it Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 each in plan and elevation of a possible embodiment.

Fig. 1 zeigt den oberen Teil einer Brennkammer 1 eines Dampferzeugers mit Umlenkwand 14. Die Brennkammer 1 mit der Vorderwand 3, Zwischenwand 4, den Seitenwänden 5 und 6 sowie der Rückwand 7 bilden den Kesselkörper als statische Einheit. Die abgewinkelte Umlenkwand 14 bildet zum Teil die Brennkammerdecke und teilt die Abscheidekammer 2 in zwei Teile, die nacheinander vom Abgas der Brennkammer 1 durchströmt werden. Zur Wahrung der Strömungsymmetrie kann auch die Vorderwand 3 bzw. können die beiden Seitenwände 5 und 6 als Zwischenwand mit angeschlossener Umlenkwand 14 ausgebildet werden, wodurch sich die Wirbelschichteigenschaften noch weiter verbessern. Die Umlenkwand 14 und ihr unterer Sammler 12 sind zumindest auf der Anströmseite mit einer Verschleißschicht 15 ausgestattet, während die Rückseite der Umlenkwand 14 und alle übrigen Begrenzungswände der Abscheidekammer 2 mit einer dünnen Verschleißschicht verkleidet bzw. zur besseren Wärmeaufnahme blank belassen sind. Die Abscheidekammer 2 wird von der Rückwand 7, Teilen der Seitenwände 5 und 6 und der Zwischenwand 4 gebildet. Die schwach beheizte Rückwand 7 ist als Teil des Fallrohrsystems ausgebildet und dient der Kühlwasserversorgung des Steigrohrsystems, welches im wesentlichen von den Wänden der Brennkammer 1 gebildet ist, wobei auch die Umlenkwand 14 in das Steigrohrsystem eingebunden ist. Die Flossenrohre der Umlenkwand 14 werden durch eigene Sammler 12 angespeist, die durch das Fallrohrsystem mit der Dampftrommel 16 verbunden sind. Es werden somit gemauerte Zwischenwände vermieden.Fig. 1 shows the upper part of a combustion chamber 1 of a steam generator with a deflection wall 14. Die Combustion chamber 1 with the front wall 3, intermediate wall 4, the side walls 5 and 6 and the rear wall 7 form the boiler body as a static unit. The angled deflection wall 14 forms the Part of the combustion chamber ceiling and divides the separation chamber 2 into two parts, one after the other Exhaust gas flowing through the combustion chamber 1. To maintain the flow symmetry, the Front wall 3 or the two side walls 5 and 6 can be connected as an intermediate wall Deflection wall 14 are formed, whereby the fluidized bed properties even further improve. The deflection wall 14 and its lower header 12 are at least on the inflow side equipped with a wear layer 15, while the rear of the deflection wall 14 and all others Boundary walls of the separation chamber 2 covered with a thin wear layer or better heat absorption are left blank. The separation chamber 2 is from the rear wall 7, Parts of the side walls 5 and 6 and the intermediate wall 4 are formed. The weakly heated back wall 7 is designed as part of the downpipe system and serves to supply cooling water to the riser system, which is essentially formed by the walls of the combustion chamber 1, with the Deflection wall 14 is integrated in the riser pipe system. The fin tubes of the deflection wall 14 are fed by own collectors 12, which through the downpipe system with the steam drum 16 are connected. Masonry partitions are thus avoided.

In der Brennkammer 1 wird die Verbrennung nach dem Prinzip der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht durchgeführt, bei der das entstehende Rauchgas Bettmaterial, wie z.B. Asche, Sand und Brennstoff, nach oben aus der Brennkammer 1 austrägt. Um das Bettinventar zu erhalten und um einen stabilen Verbrennungsprozeß zu ermöglichen, wird hauptsächlich der gröbere Feststoffanteil mit der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung einer Umlenkwand 14 vom Rauchgas getrennt und wieder der Brennkammer 1 zugeführt. In der Zeichnung ist der Weg des Bettmaterials durch strichlierte Pfeile und der Weg des Rauchgases durch Vollinien-Pfeile angedeutet.In the combustion chamber 1, the combustion is based on the principle of the circulating fluidized bed carried out, in which the resulting flue gas bed material, such as Ash, sand and fuel, discharges upwards from the combustion chamber 1. To maintain the bed inventory and a stable one To enable the combustion process, mainly the coarser solids content with the Arrangement of a deflection wall 14 according to the invention separated from the flue gas and again the Combustion chamber 1 supplied. In the drawing, the path of the bed material is shown by dashed arrows and the path of the flue gas indicated by solid line arrows.

Der Feststoffanteil wird infolge seiner wesentlich höheren Dichte im Vergleich zum Rauchgas in der Umlenkung über die Oberkante 13 der Zwischenwand 4 durch die Fliehkraft nach außen und bei der zweiten Umlenkung im Bereich des unteren Endes der Umlenkwand 14 nach unten in Richtung der Rückführungseinrichtung 9 gedrängt und damit vom Rauchgasstrom getrennt. Die an der Umlenkwand 14 abgebremsten, bzw. abgelenkten, hauptsächlich größeren Feststoffteilchen fallen in der Abscheidekammer 2 durch den nach oben umgelenkten Rauchgasstrom und werden dabei zum Teil durch die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit auf die in Richtung zur Rückführungseinrichtung 9 abgebogenen Rückwand 7 umgelenkt und dem Sammelschacht 11 bzw. auch einem Speicherraum 10 und der Rückführungseinrichtung 9 zugeführt. Die Abscheidekammer 2 ist dabei so ausgelegt, daß die größeren Feststoffteile infolge der höheren Trägheitskräfte die scharfe 180°-Umlenkung des Rauchgasstromes und die Verminderung der Rauchgasgeschwindigkeit nicht mitmachen können.The solid content is due to its much higher density compared to the flue gas in the Deflection over the upper edge 13 of the intermediate wall 4 by the centrifugal force to the outside and at second deflection in the region of the lower end of the deflection wall 14 downwards in the direction of the Return device 9 pushed and thus separated from the flue gas stream. The on the Deflection wall 14 braked or deflected, mainly larger solid particles fall into the separation chamber 2 by the upward deflected flue gas stream and become Part by the flow rate on the bent towards the return device 9 Rear wall 7 deflected and the collecting shaft 11 or a storage space 10 and fed back to the feedback device 9. The separation chamber 2 is designed so that the larger solid parts due to the higher inertia forces the sharp 180 ° deflection of the flue gas flow and cannot take part in the reduction in the flue gas velocity.

Feinere Partikel, welche umgelenkt und durch das Rauchgas in den zweiten Zug ausgetragen werden, tragen zum Wärmeaustausch in den nachgeschalteten Heizflächen bei. Auf Grund des kleinen Korndurchmessers des feineren Materials treten bei den nachgeschalteten Heizflächen keine Erosionen auf.Finer particles, which are deflected and discharged through the flue gas into the second train contribute to the heat exchange in the downstream heating surfaces. Because of the Small grain diameter of the finer material does not occur in the downstream heating surfaces Erosion.

Das abgeschiedene Material wird über eine syphonartige Rückführungseinrichtung 9, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, oder über ein L- Valve oder ein Überlaufwehr rückgeführt. In den meisten Fällen kommt man aber mit einer einfachen Rückführungseinrichtung 9, z. B. einer schrägen Ebene, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, aus, sodaß keine besondere Abdichtung notwendig ist. Die Rückführungseinrichtung 9 mündet zweckmäßiger Weise wie in den beiden Fig. angedeutet etwa in halber Brennkammerhöhe in die Brennkammer 1 ein, wobei das Bettmaterial durch die abwärtsführende Wandströmung in das eigentliche Wirbelbett rückgeführt wird. Im Fall der oberen, direkten Materialrückführung ohne Abdichtung, wie in Fig. 2, rutscht das abgeschiedene Material frei in die Brennkammer 1 und fällt entlang der Zwischenwand 4 in den unteren Brennkammerteil. Diese freie Materialrückführung ist ohne Abdichtung möglich, da sich erstens an den Brennkammerwänden immer eine abwärts strömende Materialschicht ausbildet, - siehe strichlierte Pfeile in Fig.1 und Fig.2, - die das rückgeführte Material nach unten mitreißt und zweitens da Druckunterschiede im oberen Bereich einer Wirbelschicht praktisch nicht vorhanden sind und wird eine Bypasströmung des Rauchgases durch die Abscheidekammer 2 verhindert. Das Material fällt so bis in den unteren Brennkammerbereich und wird zusammen mit dem eingebrachten Brennstoff wieder aufgewirbelt, wobei die Asche des verbrannten Brennstoffes mit dem Material gemeinsam wieder nach oben transportiert wird. The separated material is transferred via a siphon-like return device 9, as in FIG. 1 shown, or returned via an L-valve or an overflow weir. In most cases it comes but with a simple return device 9, z. B. an inclined plane, as in Fig. 2nd shown, so that no special sealing is necessary. The feedback device 9 Conveniently opens out, as indicated in the two figures, at about half the combustion chamber height the combustion chamber 1, the bed material through the downward wall flow into the actual fluidized bed is returned. In the case of the upper, direct material return without Sealing, as in Fig. 2, the separated material slips freely into the combustion chamber 1 and falls along the intermediate wall 4 in the lower part of the combustion chamber. This is free material return possible without sealing, because firstly there is always a downward movement on the combustion chamber walls flowing material layer forms, - see dashed arrows in Fig.1 and Fig.2, - the recycled material entrains down and secondly because of pressure differences in the upper area a fluidized bed are practically absent and there is a bypass flow of the flue gas prevented by the separation chamber 2. The material falls down to the bottom Combustion chamber area and is whirled up together with the introduced fuel, the ashes of the burned fuel together with the material back up is transported.

Die Rückführungseinrichtung 9 kann aber auch erst in der Nähe des Brennkammerbodens angeordnet werden, wo das Bettmaterial über ein geeignetes Abdichtorgan zur Unterbindung von Bypasströmungen von der Brennkammer 1 durch die Abscheidekammer 2 in die Brennkammer 1 rückgeführt wird.The return device 9 can also only in the vicinity of the combustion chamber floor be arranged where the bed material over a suitable sealing member to prevent Bypas flows from the combustion chamber 1 through the separation chamber 2 into the combustion chamber 1 is returned.

Ein vorteilhaftes Merkmal der Erfindung besteht darin, daß sowohl Brennkammer 1 als auch die Abscheidekammer 2 rechteckförmig bzw. quadratisch ausgebildet sind. Die Einbindung der Umlenkwand 14 in die Kesselkonstruktion erhöht damit auch die Festigkeit der Gesamteinheit. Durch den einfachen Aufbau der Umlenkwand 14 und der quadratischen oder rechteckförmigen Ausbildung des Abscheidekammer 2 können diese Komponenten mit den gleichen Methoden wie alle anderen Wände gefertigt werden und auch leicht in den Kesselkörper integriert werden. Diese Bauweise ermöglicht auf wirtschaftliche und einfache Weise die gekühlte Ausführung des Abscheiders und der Bettmaterialrückführung.An advantageous feature of the invention is that both the combustion chamber 1 and the Separation chamber 2 are rectangular or square. The integration of the Deflection wall 14 in the boiler construction thus also increases the strength of the overall unit. By the simple structure of the deflection wall 14 and the square or rectangular design of the deposition chamber 2, these components can be made using the same methods as all the others Walls are made and can also be easily integrated into the boiler body. This design enables the cooled design of the separator and the Return of bed material.

Für größere Kesselleistungen sind modifizierte Varianten bzw. Ausführungen leicht möglich. Einerseits kann der Kessel in der Höhe und Breite gestreckt werden und andererseits ist eine symmetrische Ausführung mit zwei Abscheidekammern 2 möglich, indem die Umlenkwand 14 zweigeteilt ist und ein Teil wie dargestellt an der Zwischenwand 4 und der andere Teil an der Vorderwand 3, die wie die Zwischenwand 4 ausgebildet ist, angeordnet ist. Der Rauchgasabzug, bzw die Anordnung der Nachschaltheizflächen, erfolgt dann quer zur Zeichenebene, eventuell wieder symmetrisch nach vorne und hinten. Diese symmetrische Bauweise gibt dem Bauwerk eine größere Stabilität, bzw. Festigkeit, sodaß die maximale Leistungsgröße erhöht werden kann.Modified versions or designs are easily possible for larger boiler outputs. On the one hand the boiler can be stretched in height and width and on the other hand there is one symmetrical design with two separation chambers 2 possible by the deflection wall 14 is divided into two and one part as shown on the intermediate wall 4 and the other part on the Front wall 3, which is designed as the intermediate wall 4, is arranged. The flue gas outlet or the arrangement of the additional heating surfaces then takes place transversely to the drawing level, possibly again symmetrical to the front and back. This symmetrical design gives the building a larger size Stability, or firmness, so that the maximum output size can be increased.

Claims (9)

  1. A process for separating the bed material and for utilising the heat of a flue gas of an incineration installation according to the principle of a circulating fluidised bed in the heating surfaces postponed to said incineration installation, wherein the flue gas stream together with entrained solids which ascend from said fluidised bed is guided after the combustion chamber (1), that is cooled by standpipes, in a pit in the direction of gravity and, at the end of said pit, after separation of said solids through a turn round opposite the direction of gravity in an enlarged pit cross-section, characterised in that, in order to retain the bed's inventory, only the coarser proportion of solids is separated at said turn round and is downwards recirculated into the combustion chamber (1), the flue gas together with the remaining dust delivering heat by radiation and convection at the postponed heating surfaces, and the down pipes, which are located in the backwall (7) of the separating device, being heated.
  2. Incineration installation in a fin tube design according to the principle of a circulating fluidised bed, comprising a separation and feed back device parallel to the combustion chamber (1) for separating and feeding bed material back into said combustion chamber (1), particularly in a self-supporting design, and comprising a system of standpipes and down pipes for carrying out the process according to claim 1, characterised in that the backwall (7) of said separation and feed back device is formed as a part of the down pipe system and is bent to form a separation chamber (2) having a funnel-shaped lower portion, the separation chamber (2) being provided beside the upper portion of the combustion chamber (1) in the form of a flue gas deviation to which a collecting shaft (11) is connected for feeding said bed material back, and said combustion chamber (1) and said separation chamber (2) having side walls (5, 6) which are formed as a part of the standpipe system that opens out into a steam drum (16) arranged on a group of standpipes and being connected to the boiler body in the region of the front wall (3).
  3. Incineration installation according to claim 2, characterised in that said separation and feed back device is formed as a vertical pit without any installation through which flue gas flows and which is formed by a partition wall (4) and a deviating wall (14) flat in the direction of flow, its lower portion forming an U-shaped separation chamber (2) without any installation to which a collecting shaft (11) together with a feed back device (9) for separated bed material is connected, said deviating wall (14) and the walls of said separation chamber (2) being formed in a cooled manner as a part of said system of standpipes and down pipes.
  4. Incineration installation according to claim 2, characterised in that said separation chamber (2) has a rectangular cross-section in plan view and is formed as a vertical shaft to which a deviation of enlarging cross-section is connected about at a middle level, the downwards converging lower portion of said separation chamber (2), particularly with said feed back device (9) for separated particles into the combustion chamber (1), being formed as a fin tube construction.
  5. Incineration installation according to claim 2, characterised in that said feed back device (9) when entering the combustion chamber (1) is arranged close above the bottom of said combustion chamber (1) and is formed, at least in part, as a fin wall and incorporated into the down pipe system.
  6. Incineration installation according to claim 2, characterised in that said feed back device (9) is formed without any sealing element in the region of said combustion chamber (1), and the material is guided in said combustion chamber (1) with the wall stream present along the wall up to the region of the bottom of said combustion chamber (1).
  7. Incineration installation according to claim 5, characterised in that said feed back device (9) is formed as a sealing element in the form of a siphon, an L-valve or a weir.
  8. Incineration installation according to claim 2, characterised in that the deviating wall (14) is linearly arranged over the whole width of said combustion chamber (1) as a fin wall construction with an interior wearing layer (15), bisectioning the upper portion of said separation chamber (2) and forming the ceiling of said combustion chamber (1) by its further extension.
  9. Incineration installation according to claim 2, characterised in that the lateral walls (5, 6) are formed in steps having their own collectors (9) connected to the steam drum (16) by down pipes of their own.
EP96914005A 1995-06-02 1996-05-31 Separation process and device Expired - Lifetime EP0828970B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT943955 1995-06-02
AT9439/55 1995-06-02
AT94395 1995-06-02
PCT/AT1996/000100 WO1996038689A1 (en) 1995-06-02 1996-05-31 Separation process and device

Publications (2)

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EP0828970A1 EP0828970A1 (en) 1998-03-18
EP0828970B1 true EP0828970B1 (en) 2000-04-26

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EP96914005A Expired - Lifetime EP0828970B1 (en) 1995-06-02 1996-05-31 Separation process and device

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EP (1) EP0828970B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE192223T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5755096A (en)
CZ (1) CZ292939B6 (en)
DE (1) DE59605060D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0828970T3 (en)
PL (1) PL179911B1 (en)
SK (1) SK282507B6 (en)
WO (1) WO1996038689A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19604565A1 (en) * 1996-02-08 1997-08-14 Abb Patent Gmbh Separating device for separating solid particles from the gas stream of a fluidized bed
FR2880102B1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2007-05-04 Thel Etb Sarl BIOMASS COMBUSTION DEVICE WITH FLUIDIZED BED
CN103574591B (en) * 2013-11-27 2016-03-30 陈洁 A kind of Dual-furnace-body type rotary combustion furnace
FI130171B (en) * 2020-12-09 2023-03-27 Sumitomo SHI FW Energia Oy A circulating fluidized bed boiler

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3440583A1 (en) * 1984-11-07 1986-05-07 Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar Steam or hot-water generator
JPH01184301A (en) * 1988-01-19 1989-07-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Circulating fluidized bed type boiler
DK633488D0 (en) * 1988-11-11 1988-11-11 Risoe Forskningscenter REACTOR
JP2835895B2 (en) * 1992-04-17 1998-12-14 株式会社荏原製作所 Split-type fluidized-bed water tube boiler

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CZ9703740A3 (en) 2001-10-17
PL323670A1 (en) 1998-04-14
AU5755096A (en) 1996-12-18
CZ292939B6 (en) 2004-01-14
EP0828970A1 (en) 1998-03-18
SK162497A3 (en) 1998-05-06
DK0828970T3 (en) 2000-09-25
ATE192223T1 (en) 2000-05-15
PL179911B1 (en) 2000-11-30
WO1996038689A1 (en) 1996-12-05
SK282507B6 (en) 2002-10-08
DE59605060D1 (en) 2000-05-31

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