EP0825155A1 - Method for making hollow glassware and hollow glassware with improved mechanical strength - Google Patents

Method for making hollow glassware and hollow glassware with improved mechanical strength Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0825155A1
EP0825155A1 EP96250178A EP96250178A EP0825155A1 EP 0825155 A1 EP0825155 A1 EP 0825155A1 EP 96250178 A EP96250178 A EP 96250178A EP 96250178 A EP96250178 A EP 96250178A EP 0825155 A1 EP0825155 A1 EP 0825155A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blow
mechanical strength
hollow glass
hollow glassware
water
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EP96250178A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heiko Prof. Dr. Hessenkemper
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B9/00—Blowing glass; Production of hollow glass articles
    • C03B9/30—Details of blowing glass; Use of materials for the moulds
    • C03B9/36—Blow heads; Supplying, ejecting or controlling the air
    • C03B9/3609—Selection or characteristics of the blowing medium, e.g. gas composition, moisture content, cryogenic state

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing hollow glass bodies after the blow - blow and press - blow molding process with increased mechanical strength and shortened Manufacturing times.
  • the mechanical strength of glass is largely determined by the condition of its surface.
  • a combination of hot and cold end coatings have been used for a long time in industrial practice. These consist essentially of applying tin and / or titanium oxide to the hot glass surface by applying chloride or alcoholate solutions for the hot end area (DE 38 011 11) or organic layers for the cold end area (DE 28 244 03).
  • chloride or alcoholate solutions for the hot end area (DE 38 011 11) or organic layers for the cold end area (DE 28 244 03).
  • sodium or potassium ions are preferably exchanged for lithium ions or sodium ions for potassium ions.
  • An appropriate salt melt or paste is used for this.
  • the enormous time expenditure is disadvantageous.
  • the tempering of glass using acid gases (SO 2 or SO 3 ) is limited to increasing the water resistance.
  • the disadvantages of these processes are their relatively high costs and the procedural problems with regard to the consistency of the process conditions and the disposal question of the residues.
  • AT-PS 24 927 describes a method for keeping the glass molds at an appropriate temperature.
  • water is dripped or injected into the hollow interior of the glass mold, which absorbs the excess heat of the mold through the evaporation of the water. This does not improve the mechanical strength of the glass.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce the considerable effort after State of the art for increasing the mechanical strength of Hollow glass bodies significantly lower and a harmless and to propose a simple method for producing hollow glass bodies. At the same time, the manufacturing time (cycle time) be significantly reduced.
  • the invention also relates to hollow glass bodies with increased mechanical strength produced by this method will.
  • the agents supplied according to the invention are available for reaction in the further course of the shaping and cooling process of the inner surface.
  • the reaction of the inner surface with the atmosphere saturated or supersaturated with water vapor leads to a reduction in viscosity due to OH group enrichment in a thin surface layer, which does not influence the other properties of the hollow glass body (geometry, curvature, etc.).
  • the low-viscosity inner surface layer accelerates crack healing for a longer period of time.
  • the cooling process is associated with a volume contraction of the gas volumes in the hollow glass body, so that essentially ambient air flows in.
  • the hollow glass bodies produced according to the invention have a mechanical strength increase of at least 10%, whereby the manufacturing time, regardless of the degree of strength increase, can be reduced by at least 20%.
  • the invention is based on two exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail.
  • Mist-like water or an aqueous alkali salt solution is added to the compressed air.
  • a chemical hardening known from the prior art is achieved here by incorporating ions with a higher ion radius and the resulting generation of compressive stresses.
  • the use of mist-like water or aqueous solutions requires a fine dosing of the sprayed-in mist, since otherwise the thermally induced tensions required for the heat of vaporization generate large thermally induced stresses and the crack-healing effect of the process is masked. As a result, the strength of the hollow glass body is increased by 30%. The manufacturing time is reduced by 35%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)

Abstract

Production of hollow glass bodies comprises replacing the blown compressed air in the pre- and/or finished form of, the blow-blow moulding process or in the finished form of the compressed-blow moulding process partially or completely by water vapour or mist-like water and/or mist-like aqueous alkali-salt solutions. Also claimed are the hollow glass bodies produced.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hohlglaskörpern nach dem Blas - Blas - und Press - Blas - Formgebungsverfahren mit erhöhter mechanischer Festigkeit und verkürzten Fertigungszeiten.The invention relates to a method for producing hollow glass bodies after the blow - blow and press - blow molding process with increased mechanical strength and shortened Manufacturing times.

Die mechanische Festigkeit von Glas wird entscheidend vom Zustand seiner Oberfläche bestimmt. Zur Verbesserung der Gleiteigenschaften und Erhöhung der Schlagfestigkeit von Hohlglasgegenständen werden in der industriellen Praxis seit längerem eine Kombination von Heiß- und Kaltendvergütungen zum Einsatz gebracht. Diese bestehen in wesentlichen aus einem Aufbringen von Zinn- und/oder Titanoxid auf die heiße Glasoberfläche mittels Auftragen von Chlorid- bzw. Alkoholatlösungen für den Heißendbereich (DE 38 011 11) oder aus organischen Schichten für den Kaltendbereich (DE 28 244 03).
Eine umfassende Darstellung des Standes der Technik ist in HANS JEBSEN- MARWALD und ROLF BRÜCKNER, Glastechnische Fabrikationsfehler, 3. Auflage (1980) Springer- Verlag Berlin - Heidelberg- New York, Seiten 505 bis 517, dargestellt.
Hier wird auch ein Verfahren des Ionenaustausches auf chemischem Wege beschrieben. Dazu werden bevorzugt Natrium- oder Kalium- gegen Lithium-Ionen oder auch Natrium- gegen Kalium- Ionen ausgetauscht. Hierzu wird eine entsprechende Salzschmelze oder Paste verwendet. Nachteilig ist der enorm hohe Zeitaufwand. Die Vergütung von Glas unter Verwendung von sauren Gasen (SO2 oder SO3) beschränkt sich auf die Erhöhung der Wasserbeständigkeit.
Die Nachteile dieser Verfahren liegen in ihren relativ hohen Kosten und den verfahrenstechnischen Problemen hinsichtlich der Konstanz der Prozeßbedingungen und der Entsorgungfrage der Reststoffe. The mechanical strength of glass is largely determined by the condition of its surface. To improve the sliding properties and increase the impact resistance of hollow glass objects, a combination of hot and cold end coatings have been used for a long time in industrial practice. These consist essentially of applying tin and / or titanium oxide to the hot glass surface by applying chloride or alcoholate solutions for the hot end area (DE 38 011 11) or organic layers for the cold end area (DE 28 244 03).
A comprehensive description of the state of the art is given in HANS JEBSEN-MARWALD and ROLF BRÜCKNER, Glastechnische Fabrikationsfehler, 3rd edition (1980) Springer-Verlag Berlin - Heidelberg-New York, pages 505 to 517.
A process of ion exchange by chemical means is also described here. For this purpose, sodium or potassium ions are preferably exchanged for lithium ions or sodium ions for potassium ions. An appropriate salt melt or paste is used for this. The enormous time expenditure is disadvantageous. The tempering of glass using acid gases (SO 2 or SO 3 ) is limited to increasing the water resistance.
The disadvantages of these processes are their relatively high costs and the procedural problems with regard to the consistency of the process conditions and the disposal question of the residues.

Weiterhin ist trotz der unbedenklichen Verwendung in der Nahrungsmittelindustrie der Wunsch vieler Kunden sehr deutlich, die Innenflächen und Mündungen der Glasbehälter frei von Vergütungsmitteln zu halten.Furthermore, despite the safe use in the Food industry the desire of many customers very clearly the inner surfaces and mouths of the glass containers are free of Keep remuneration.

Weiterhin sind Verfahren und Vorrichtungen bekannt (DE - PS 388 201, DE - PS 390 675 und DE - PS 419 169), die Wasser anwenden, das unter Verwendung der Prozeßwärme aus der Schmelze und/oder Vorrichtung in Wasserdampf überführt wird und als Ausblasmedium zum Ausblasen des Hohlglaskörpers dient. Eine positive Beeinflussung der Eigenschaften der Hohlglaskörper wird dadurch nicht erreicht. Vielmehr werden durch den für die Verdampfungswärme benötigten lokalen Wärmeentzug große thermisch induzierte Spannungen im Glaskörper erzeugt.Methods and devices are also known (DE - PS 388 201, DE - PS 390 675 and DE - PS 419 169), the water apply that using the process heat from the Melt and / or device is converted into water vapor and serves as a blow-out medium for blowing out the hollow glass body. A positive influence on the properties of the hollow glass body is not achieved. Rather, the local heat extraction required for the heat of vaporization large generates thermally induced stresses in the vitreous.

In AT - PS 24 927 ist ein Verfahren beschrieben, um die Glaspreßformen auf angemessener Temperatur zu halten. Hierbei wird in den hohlen Innenraum der Glasform Wasser eingetropft oder eingespritzt, das durch die Verdampfung des Wassers die überschüssige Wärme der Form absorbiert.
Die mechanische Festigkeit des Glases wird dadurch nicht verbessert.AT-PS 24 927 describes a method for keeping the glass molds at an appropriate temperature. Here, water is dripped or injected into the hollow interior of the glass mold, which absorbs the excess heat of the mold through the evaporation of the water.
This does not improve the mechanical strength of the glass.

Die bekannten Verfahren führen zur Verlängerung der Fertigungszeiten und zu einem erhöhten Ausschuß. Eine Erhöhung der mechanischen Festigkeit wird nur mit einem erheblichen Aufwand erreicht.The known methods lead to an increase in production times and to an elevated committee. An increase in mechanical strength is only with considerable effort reached.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, den erheblichen Aufwand nach dem Stand der Technik zur Erhöhung der mechanischen Festigkeit von Hohlglaskörpern erheblich zu senken und ein unbedenkliches und einfaches Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hohlglaskörpern vorzuschlagen. Gleichzeitig soll die Fertigungszeit (Zykluszeit) erheblich gesenkt werden.The object of the invention is to reduce the considerable effort after State of the art for increasing the mechanical strength of Hollow glass bodies significantly lower and a harmless and to propose a simple method for producing hollow glass bodies. At the same time, the manufacturing time (cycle time) be significantly reduced.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Blaspreßluft in der Vor- und/oder Fertigform des Blas- Blas- Formgebungsverfahrens oder in der Fertigform des Preß- Blas- Formgebungsverfahrens vollständig oder teilweise durch Wasserdampf oder nebelförmiges Wasser oder nebelförmige wässrige Alkalisalzlösungen ersetzt.According to the blow compressed air in the preliminary and / or Finished form of the blow-blow molding process or in the Finished form of the press-blow molding process completely or partially by water vapor or mist-like water or mist-like aqueous alkali salt solutions.

Gegenstand der Erfindung sind auch Hohlglaskörper mit erhöhter mechanischer Festigkeit, die nach diesem Verfahren hergestellt werden.The invention also relates to hollow glass bodies with increased mechanical strength produced by this method will.

Die erfindungsgemäß zugeführten Mittel stehen im weiteren Verlauf des Formgebungs- und Abkühlungsprozesses der Innenoberfläche zur Reaktion zur Verfügung. Die Reaktion der Innenfläche mit der mit Wasserdampf gesättigten bzw. übersättigten Atmosphäre führt zu einer Viskositätserniedrigung durch OH-Gruppenanreichung in einer dünnen Oberflächenschicht, die die sonstigen Eigenschaften des Hohlglaskörpers (Geometrie, Krummheit u.a.) nicht beeinflussen.
Im Kühlofen wird für einen längeren Zeitraum durch die niedrigviskose Innenflächenschicht eine beschleunigte Rißausheilung erreicht. Der Abkühlungsprozeß ist mit einer Volumen - kontraktion der im Hohlglaskörper befindlichen Gasvolumina verbunden, so daß im wesentlichen Umgebungsluft zuströmt.The agents supplied according to the invention are available for reaction in the further course of the shaping and cooling process of the inner surface. The reaction of the inner surface with the atmosphere saturated or supersaturated with water vapor leads to a reduction in viscosity due to OH group enrichment in a thin surface layer, which does not influence the other properties of the hollow glass body (geometry, curvature, etc.).
In the cooling furnace, the low-viscosity inner surface layer accelerates crack healing for a longer period of time. The cooling process is associated with a volume contraction of the gas volumes in the hollow glass body, so that essentially ambient air flows in.

Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Hohlglaskörper weisen eine mechanische Festigkeitserhöhung von mindestens 10 % auf, wobei die Fertigungszeit, unabhängig vom Grad der Festigkeitserhöhung, um mindestens 20 % reduziert werden kann.The hollow glass bodies produced according to the invention have a mechanical strength increase of at least 10%, whereby the manufacturing time, regardless of the degree of strength increase, can be reduced by at least 20%.

Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an zwei Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert werden.The invention is based on two exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail.

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

Die sonst übliche Blaspreßluft wird vollständig durch Wasserdampf mit hoher Konzentration und hoher Dampftemperatur ersetzt. Die üblichen Verfahrensparameter werden beibehalten. Es wird eine Festigkeitserhöhung von 20 % ermittelt. Die Zykluszeit verringert sich um 25 %.The usual blow compressed air is completely by water vapor with high concentration and high steam temperature replaced. The usual process parameters are retained. A strength increase of 20% is determined. The Cycle time is reduced by 25%.

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Der Blaspreßluft wird nebelförmiges Wasser oder eine wässrige Alkalisalz- Lösung zugemischt. Hierbei wird zusätzlich zur Viskositätserniedrigung noch eine aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte chemische Härtung durch den Einbau von Ionen mit höherem Ionenradius und der daraus resultierenden Erzeugung von Druckspannungen erzielt.
Die Verwendung von nebelförmigem Wasser oder wässrigen Lösungen erfordert eine feine Dosierung des eingesprühten Nebels, da ansonsten durch den für die Verdampfungswärme benötigten lokalen Wärmeentzug große thermisch induzierte Spannungen erzeugt werden und die rißausheilende Wirkung des Verfahrens überdeckt wird.
Im Ergebnis wird eine Festigkeitserhöhung des Hohlglaskörpers um 30 % erreicht. Die Fertigungszeit verringert sich um 35 %.Mist-like water or an aqueous alkali salt solution is added to the compressed air. In addition to lowering the viscosity, a chemical hardening known from the prior art is achieved here by incorporating ions with a higher ion radius and the resulting generation of compressive stresses.
The use of mist-like water or aqueous solutions requires a fine dosing of the sprayed-in mist, since otherwise the thermally induced tensions required for the heat of vaporization generate large thermally induced stresses and the crack-healing effect of the process is masked.
As a result, the strength of the hollow glass body is increased by 30%. The manufacturing time is reduced by 35%.

Claims (2)

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hohlglaskörpern mit erhöhter mechanischer Festigkeit und verkürzten Fertigungszeiten nach dem Blas - Blas - oder Preß - Blas - Formgebungsverfahren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Blaspreßluft in der Vorund/oder Fertigform des Blas - Blas - Formgebungsverfahrens oder in der Fertigform des Preß - Blas- Formgebungsverfahrens vollständig oder teilweise durch Wasserdampf oder nebelförmiges Wasser bzw. nebelförmige wässrige Alkalisalzlösungen ersetzt wird.Process for the production of hollow glass bodies with increased mechanical strength and shortened production times the blow-blow or press-blow molding process, characterized in that the blowing compressed air in the preliminary and / or Finished form of the blow-blow molding process or in the finished form of the press-blow molding process completely or partially by water vapor or mist Water or foggy aqueous alkali salt solutions is replaced. Hohlglaskörper mit erhöhter mechanischer Festigkeit hergestellt nach Anspruch 1.Hollow glass body with increased mechanical strength produced according to claim 1.
EP96250178A 1996-08-16 1996-08-16 Method for making hollow glassware and hollow glassware with improved mechanical strength Withdrawn EP0825155A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998034882A1 (en) * 1997-02-07 1998-08-13 Heiko Hessenkemper How to increase the fusion viscosity index of hollow glassware for of a more efficient cooling
WO2018075193A1 (en) * 2016-10-18 2018-04-26 Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. Glass container coating process

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE388201C (en) * 1921-06-25 1924-01-15 Richard Cmok G M B H Method and machine for blowing hollow glass bodies by means of steam
DE390675C (en) * 1921-06-25 1924-02-27 Richard Cmok G M B H Machine for blowing hollow glass bodies using water vapor
DE419169C (en) * 1923-05-17 1925-09-21 Richard Cmok G M B H Machine for the final blow-molding of preformed hollow glass bodies by means of steam
US3235353A (en) * 1961-09-07 1966-02-15 Owens Illinois Glass Co Apparatus for blowing and cooling glassware
US3337321A (en) * 1963-12-05 1967-08-22 Owens Illinois Inc Method for improving the durability of glassware
EP0163618A1 (en) * 1984-04-16 1985-12-04 Aga Aktiebolag Methods and apparatus for forming glass articles
EP0444793A1 (en) * 1990-03-01 1991-09-04 The BOC Group plc Manufacture of glass articles

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE388201C (en) * 1921-06-25 1924-01-15 Richard Cmok G M B H Method and machine for blowing hollow glass bodies by means of steam
DE390675C (en) * 1921-06-25 1924-02-27 Richard Cmok G M B H Machine for blowing hollow glass bodies using water vapor
DE419169C (en) * 1923-05-17 1925-09-21 Richard Cmok G M B H Machine for the final blow-molding of preformed hollow glass bodies by means of steam
US3235353A (en) * 1961-09-07 1966-02-15 Owens Illinois Glass Co Apparatus for blowing and cooling glassware
US3337321A (en) * 1963-12-05 1967-08-22 Owens Illinois Inc Method for improving the durability of glassware
EP0163618A1 (en) * 1984-04-16 1985-12-04 Aga Aktiebolag Methods and apparatus for forming glass articles
EP0444793A1 (en) * 1990-03-01 1991-09-04 The BOC Group plc Manufacture of glass articles

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998034882A1 (en) * 1997-02-07 1998-08-13 Heiko Hessenkemper How to increase the fusion viscosity index of hollow glassware for of a more efficient cooling
WO2018075193A1 (en) * 2016-10-18 2018-04-26 Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. Glass container coating process
US10626047B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2020-04-21 Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. Glass container coating process

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