EP0824633B1 - Prop for use in underground mining or tunnel construction - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a support for the underground Mining or tunneling, consisting of two telescopic nested, at the opposite ends closed pipes using a hydraulic working Setting device are braced against the mountains and between which a locking device is provided, through which the inner tube on the outer tube in different Extension lengths can be determined mechanically, whereby the interiors of the prop while maintaining the Set load can be filled with building material.

Such building material-filled outrigger supports have recently become available often in place of the previously used wooden stamps or hydraulic ones Single stamp used. You have the advantage that they have very high supporting forces with a very light construction can muster. Since the tubes are essentially only as tensile sleeves for the largely pressure-resistant building material can serve consistently in the design of the steel structure the design principles of lightweight construction applied become. Because of the uncritical load on the pipes can make simple welded pipes from cheap structural steel be used. The supports have as long as the Pipes are still empty, a very low weight and can therefore well transported and handled on site become. Because of the lightweight construction and the thereby made possible These expansion supports can be cheaply manufactured Contrary to hydraulic single stamps - as so-called lost expansion can be used, which after use e.g. in the transition area strut / stretch in the offset area can stop. Such a lost expansion in The area of the route hem also has advantages in With regard to the further stability of the route.

Such a building support filled with building material is, for example known from DE-PS 41 15 209. This after this State of the art support used for the Tension several hydraulic ones before filling in the building material Clamping cylinder, the outside of the outer tube and the Inner tube are attached and the inner tube against the outer tube move. Lays in the extended position a locking device the inner tube on the outer tube in the respective Extend position fixed. The hydraulic clamping cylinders can then be removed. In conclusion, the in this way, support braced against the mountains filled with the building material.

The known support of the type mentioned has disadvantages in different ways. Firstly, there is the handling the hydraulic clamping cylinder is extremely cumbersome and labor intensive. Any of those heavy ones The clamping cylinder must be lifted by hand on the support be applied and after the bracing process of this can be removed again. On the other hand, there must be connection options to a high pressure hydraulic system be, for example a connection to the face hydraulics. Furthermore, due to the side attachment the tension cylinder an unfavorable flow of force. That too Telescopic dimension is relatively small.

Finally, another disadvantage is that the The prop is only proportionate until it is filled with the building material can absorb low forces because of the mechanical Locking device always first a certain insertion path of the inner tube against the outer tube before it can absorb significant forces. The well-known Extension supports are therefore not sufficiently early and need one to develop their full support relatively large convergence.

The older, unpublished DE 43 38 830 C1 discloses a similar support in which the inner end of the inner tube is closed and on this Forms a piston that seals in the outer tube is guided and through which the interior of the support in is divided into two chambers, both with building material, e.g. compressible foam concrete, can be filled. The piston is not used here to set the extension support high setting load, but in cooperation with the compressible filler a defined flexibility to achieve the support. serves to set this previously known support a setting mechanism, which on Inserted end of the outer tube is located and height adjustable can be fixed to the inner tube. With this mechanical Setting device cannot achieve high setting loads. Likewise, a high setting load cannot be achieved by filling in expanding foam into the interior of the support be achieved. Such foam is namely compressible and therefore cannot generate high set loads.

A support bracket is also known from WO 94/27029, the two telescopically slidable, closed tubes at the opposite ends exists that are hydraulically braced against the mountains and by means of a mechanical locking device in different Extending lengths can be fixed together. Close the outer tube and the inner tube that is movable within it thereby a chamber with a filling connection Pressure medium can be acted upon, the inner tube from the Outer tube extended, d. H. the extension support set becomes. The interiors of this previously known expansion rail are However, it cannot be filled with building material, which gives the advantages this special technology cannot be used.

It is an object of the invention to provide a support for the beginning to create the kind that is easy to use can be set hydraulically with a high setting load, has immediate or at least early bearing properties and can be filled with building material over its entire length.

The invention relates to a support for the underground Mining and tunneling, consisting of an inner tube and an outer tube facing away from each other Ends are closed, telescopic can be pushed into each other and by means of a mechanical Locking device in different extension lengths together can be determined, with a hydraulic in the outer tube can be acted upon with set pressure, on the inner tube in the Ausfahrsense acting piston is arranged as flying component separate from the inner tube is and the interior of the support in a below the first chamber (subchamber) and a second chamber located above the piston (Upper chamber) divided, the first chamber (Subchamber) is assigned a first filling connection, via this chamber with a pressurized medium under pressure is acted upon, and the second chamber (Upper chamber) is assigned a second filling connection, via which the expansion prop with displacement of the flying Piston to the end of the outer tube over its entire length Length can be filled with building material.

The support according to the invention initially has the advantage that the setting and bracing against the mountains is extraordinary is simple. this is just the lower chamber the support with a suitable hydraulic Pressurized media. This is primarily suitable Water from the low-pressure water pipe that is usually available underground. This usually leads to pressure of 40 bar, which in view of the large diameter of the The outer tube is sufficient to generate a considerable setting force. The operations in the setting process are similar simple, like with hydraulic single punches.

In particular, the cumbersome manipulation of separate setting cylinders. The support that is set is pronounced like a hydraulic single stamp early on, so the convergence begins from the beginning towards a substantial support force. After one mechanical convergence developed Locking device its full capacity, so that pressure medium loading the piston can be released and the extension support via the second filling connection with building material can be filled. Here, the flying piston any distance - possibly to the bottom of the outer tube - pushed back. During this filling process the inner tube by means of the mechanical locking device fixed to the outer tube. By filling the support with Building material of any length can support the behavior influence the expansion support within wide limits without further technical effort is required.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the support according to the invention provides that the mechanical Locking device made of two between the lower end of the inner tube and the piston arranged, nested There are ring wedge elements, one of which is pushed together with plastic widening of the outer tube is radially expandable. Through this training the mechanical Locking device results in an early and very stable mechanical bond between the inner tube and the outer tube. A particular advantage of this mechanical Connection is that the inner tube under Maintaining a very high setting load over one relatively long way slidable against the outer tube remains. Here, the outer tube is over the length of the sinking path plastically expanded. This plastic expansion is visible from the outside on the outer support and shows to the miner that there is already one on this support certain convergence has occurred.

To prevent the last discussed variant of the Locking device activated too early when installing the support is, for example because when extending the support Resistance still has to be overcome provided that the wedge surfaces of the ring wedge element and / or the mating ring wedge element with at a predetermined Set load shearable projections are provided, a shift of the wedge surfaces against each other release when the predetermined setting load is exceeded becomes.

Alternatively, the locking device can also be at the bottom Spread spring ring arranged at the end of the inner tube be biased elastically in the radial direction and is such that it is an extension movement of the inner tube relative to the outer tube, at an insertion movement in the radial direction spreads that a frictional and / or positive connection to the outer tube.

The locking device can also be on the outer circumference of the inner tube have definable ring wedge, which is under plastic Widening of the outer tube from above into the outer tube can be inserted. Also a locking device designed in this way is under a very large path of movement Maintaining a high level of support and compliance it, the extension prop a suitable support characteristic to give.

It is useful in the last-mentioned embodiment the locking device of the ring wedge on its inner circumference with increasing the friction between the ring wedge and the inner tube Means. In this way, the Ring wedge on the inner tube in the axial direction so that the flexibility of the locking device in the first place given by the plastic expansion of the outer tube is.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the locking device provided that at the top of the ring wedge Ring made of elastically pre-tensioned material, which is in turn supported on the upper end of the outer tube and presses the ring wedge down in the axial direction. This ensures that the ring key when it starts Immediately converges the expansion of the outer tube records. The extension prop is already developing after one relatively small sinking distance in the area of the locking device full support.

The one used for the support according to the invention The piston suitably consists of elastic and / or plastic compliant material, in particular plastic a ring lip seal that clings to the wall of the outer tube open and is at the bottom of a pot-shaped, rigid guide element attached. Such a piston can be made very cheap and is for the one time Use of the support bracket is sufficiently wear-resistant.

The lower chamber can expediently have a pressure relief valve be assigned. Such a principle of hydraulic Stamping known pressure relief valve has in combination with the flying piston the advantage that you can Support if necessary while maintaining the in the pressure in the subchamber over the full length can fill with building material. However, this is required a building material pump, the one to be fed to the upper chamber Building material with a pressure that is slightly larger than the opening pressure of the pressure relief valve.

There are special advantages if the lower chamber has a rupture disk serving as pressure limitation is assigned. This rupture disc speaks - just like the pressure relief valve - when a certain pressure is exceeded. This pressure occurs when convergence occurs accordingly is advanced and the extension support is loaded as far is that the mechanical locking device is at full capacity developed. For the miner suburb is the broken one Rupture disc a hint that he is this support can now fill with building material.

To the support properties of the support according to the invention can be further favorably influenced in the lower chamber elastic, compressible bodies can be arranged, in particular in the form of air-filled hollow bodies or Foam bodies. In this way the subchamber receives precisely selectable elastic properties up to the full Supporting force. By filling more or less such Bodies can change the wearing properties of the prop can be changed at will.

For the latter purpose, the support can be used if necessary also on the foot or head side with axially compressible Be provided spring elements.

To the extension path of the support according to the invention limit, the wall of the outer tube is at a distance from upper end of the outer tube with serving as stroke limitation Provide holes that, when run over by the piston that connect the lower chamber with the atmosphere. A such stroke limitation comes in a particularly advantageous manner without stops, which is a much more complicated editing which would require pipes.

Finally, it is provided that the walls of the interior and outer pipe in the overlap area with drainage holes are provided, which is located in the column head Dewatering device supplemented or supported. The drainage holes allow the exit of Water from the filled building material. This withdrawal from Excess water is important so that the building material is a load-bearing one Can form a pillar and if necessary can set.

The drainage holes in the outer pipe are useful with a water-permeable and at the same time retention of building materials Tissue covered. This will Annulus between the inner and outer tube still with building material filled, but at the same time the leakage of building material the support column is avoided via the drainage holes.

An advantageous development of the support according to the Finally, the invention provides that the outer tube and the Inner tube inside one of two nested, Existing casing telescopically guided tubes are arranged, the one over their entire length has a larger diameter than the support, the Annulus between the support and the casing with Building material is fillable. This makes it possible to support the extension according to the invention to a very stable To further develop supports that can take extremely high loads can. Such a support, reinforced with a jacket can be used, for example, to support bridge fields used at crossroads or the like. The casing can practically be of any size have, so that any large supporting forces can be achieved to let. By the inside arranged in the casing Extension support according to the invention can also be this stable Support with great strength between hanging and lying be tense.

Fig. 1

eine Ausbaustütze gemäß der Erfindung schematisch im Längsschnitt ohne Druckmedium und Baustoff;

Fig. 2

die Ausbaustütze gemäß Fig. 1 während des Setzvorganges;

Fig. 3

die Ausbaustütze gemäß Fig. 1 bei einsetzender Konvergenz;

Fig. 4

die Ausbaustütze gemäß Fig. 1 vor der Befüllung mit Baustoff;

Fig. 5

die Ausbaustütze gemäß Fig. 1 nach der Befüllung mit Baustoff;

Fig. 6

eine Ausbaustütze gemäß der Erfindung mit Spreizfederring als Sperrvorrichtung;

Fig. 7, 8 und 9

eine Ausbaustütze gemäß der Erfindung mit einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Sperrvorrichtung;

Fig. 10

eine Weiterbildung der in den Fig. 7, 8 und 9 dargestellten Ausbaustütze;

Fig. 11

eine Detaildarstellung des Kolbens;

Fig. 12

eine Ausbaustütze gemäß der Erfindung mit Berstscheibe an der Unterkammer;

Fig. 13

eine Ausbaustütze gemäß der Erfindung mit federndem Kopfteil;

Fig. 14

eine Ausbaustütze gemäß der Erfindung mit kompressiblen Hohlkörpern in der Unterkammer;

Fig. 15

eine Ausbaustütze gemäß der Erfindung mit Hubbegrenzung und Entwässerungsbohrungen;

Fig. 16

Detaildarstellungen einer Sperrvorrichtung mit Ringkeilen;

Fig. 17

eine Ausbaustütze gemäß der Erfindung mit einer besonderen Ausführungsform des Kolbens;

Fig. 18

eine Ausbaustütze gemäß der Erfindung mit Ummantelung.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

a support according to the invention schematically in longitudinal section without pressure medium and building material;

Fig. 2

the support according to Figure 1 during the setting process.

Fig. 3

the support according to Figure 1 when convergence begins.

Fig. 4

the support according to Figure 1 before filling with building material.

Fig. 5

the support according to Figure 1 after filling with building material.

Fig. 6

a support according to the invention with an expanding spring washer as a locking device;

7, 8 and 9

a support according to the invention with a further embodiment of the locking device;

Fig. 10

a development of the support shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9;

Fig. 11

a detailed representation of the piston;

Fig. 12

a support according to the invention with a rupture disc on the lower chamber;

Fig. 13

a support according to the invention with a resilient head part;

Fig. 14

a support according to the invention with compressible hollow bodies in the lower chamber;

Fig. 15

a support according to the invention with stroke limitation and drainage holes;

Fig. 16

Detail representations of a locking device with ring wedges;

Fig. 17

a support according to the invention with a particular embodiment of the piston;

Fig. 18

an expansion prop according to the invention with casing.

In Fig. 1, the support is in its entirety with the Reference number 1 denotes. It consists of a closed at the bottom and open top tube 2, in which can be pushed out an inner tube open at the bottom and closed at the top 3 is performed. Located at the lower end of the inner tube 3 there is a piston 4, which seals in the outer tube 2 is guided and serves to push out the inner tube 3. Below the piston 4 is located in the outer tube 2 a first chamber (sub-chamber 5), which has a filling connection 6 with a suitable printing medium, for example Pressurized water can be applied.

A second chamber is located above the piston 4 (Upper chamber 7) which is essentially formed by the inner tube 3 is and at the upper end with a filling 8th is provided.

The inner tube 3 is on the outer tube 2 by means of a locking device 9 definable. This locking device 9 has a ring wedge that can be fixed on the outer circumference of the inner tube 3 lo on, with the plastic widening of the outer tube 2 can be inserted into the outer tube 2 from above.

The piston 4 is designed as a flying piston, i.e. he is a separate component from the inner tube 3 and lies supporting from below on the inner tube 3.

The following is the setting and filling of the from FIG. 1 resulting extension support explained in detail. First 2, the support 1 stretched between hanging and lying. To this end is the sub-chamber 5 with a filling port 6 media suitable for the setting process, e.g. Pressurized water from the low pressure water pipe. Hereby the piston 4 is pushed upwards and presses it Inner tube 3 with a relatively large setting force against the hanging.

Then the filling connection 6 is shut off. When starting Convergence, the inner tube 3 is after with great force pressed down so that the outer tube 2 slightly elastically deformed, i.e. under the influence of that in the lower chamber 5 prevailing pressure becomes slightly thicker. As the path of sinking increases, the ring wedge 1o penetrates into it upper end of the outer tube and plastically expands it on. In this way, the locking device 9 is loaded gradually, until the locking device 9 can take the required supporting force alone. Then the lower chamber 5 is emptied. In this state the Support force applied only by the locking device 9.

The extension prop can now be used to increase the supporting force filled with building material from above via the filling connection 8 (Fig. 5). With this filling with building material from above forth the building material pushes the piston 4 in the outer tube 2 to on its floor, so that the extension support extends over its entire length Length is filled with building material. If you only want a partial length fill the prop with building material to a certain The filling process can achieve load-bearing behavior be interrupted at any time.

The building material can be filled at any time be made as soon as the locking device 9 carries enough. In this way you can support behavior the support according to the invention at any time Adjust the mountain pressure and the occurring convergences. In any case, the miner still has numerous options on site, the support behavior of the support according to the To influence invention in his sense.

The embodiment of FIG. 6 largely corresponds the embodiment of Fig. 1. Here, however, is at the bottom An expansion spring ring 11 is arranged at the end of the inner tube 3, which is elastically biased in the radial direction and with its resilient tongues on the inner wall of the outer tube 2 is present. The spring tongues are arranged so that the inner tube together with the spreading spring ring 11 upwards can be moved, but a move down does not allow. When moving down, spread out the tongues of the spring washer in the radial direction on that a frictional or positive connection to the Outer tube 2 is produced.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 the locking device is the inner tube 3 at its lower End with a radially expandable ring wedge element 12 provided, in which a located above the piston 4, mating ring wedge element 13 supported on the piston 4 can be inserted from below. Will the mating ring wedge element 13 from below into the radially expandable ring wedge element 12 inserted, it expands with plastic widening of the outer tube 2, so that there is an extreme viable connection with immediate bearing properties between the inner tube 3 and the outer tube 2 results.

10 are located on the Wedge surfaces of the ring wedge element 12 projecting radially inwards, shearable projections 12a, which are initially from the Mating ring wedge element 13 must be sheared off before that Counter ring wedge element 13 inserted into the ring wedge element 12 can be. The shearable cross sections of the projections 12a are chosen so large that the insertion of the Mating ring wedge element 13 into the ring wedge element 12 only can take place when a predetermined, proportionate high setting load is exceeded. Can do the same if necessary also on the wedge surfaces of the mating ring wedge element 13 corresponding shearable projections are provided become.

11 shows a detailed illustration of the piston 4. This consists of elastic and / or plastically flexible Material, especially plastic and has a ring lip 4a adhering to the wall of the outer tube on. In addition, the piston 4 is at the bottom of a cup-shaped, rigid guide element 4b attached, which for example is made of steel. This guide element 4b gives that Pistons have the required guidance and rigidity while the lip seals 4a ensure the tightness. All in all such a piston is cheap to manufacture and therefore particularly suitable for single use.

Fig. 12 shows an embodiment of the support according to of the invention, in which the sub-chamber 5 as a Pressure limiting rupture disk 14 is assigned. This rupture disc responds when loading the expansion support has progressed so far that the locking device 9 carries enough.

13, the inner tube 3 on the head side with axially compressible spring elements 15 Mistake. Such spring elements 15 can optionally also be arranged on the foot side of the outer tube 2.

As can be seen from Fig. 14, in the subchamber 5 optionally elastically compressible hollow body, in particular in the form of air-filled hollow bodies 14 or Foam body can be arranged. This elastically compressible Hollow body 14 cause an additional elastic Flexibility of the support.

As can be seen from Fig. 15, are in the wall of the outer tube 2 at a distance from its upper end as a stroke limitation serving bores 18 provided when they are run over by the piston, the lower chamber 5 with the Connect atmosphere. Once this connection is established is, of course, the piston 4 can no longer continue be moved up.

15 are drainage bores 19 in the inner tube 3 and 20 can be seen in the outer tube 2, which are in Overlap area of inner tube 3 and outer tube 2 are located. The drainage holes 20 of the outer tube 2 on the outside of a water permeable, for Building material but dense fabric 21 covered. In addition, the The usual drainage device is, of course, also a support in the column head.

16 shows a modified embodiment of the Locking device 9. Here is the ring wedge 10 on its inside provided with sharp projections 10a, which in the Engage the outer wall of the inner tube 3. It is also above the ring wedge 10 a ring 22 made of elastically biased Material arranged, which in turn on the top End of the outer tube 2 is supported and the ring wedge lo presses down in the axial direction.

17 has the piston 4th a downward projecting elastic projection 4c, after filling the support with building material on the ground the outer tube 2 abuts and also for an elastic Support behavior ensures.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 18, the support is inside one of two nested, telescopic nested tubes 23, 24 existing casing arranged. This sheath has all over it Length larger diameter than the support 1, the annular space between the support 2, 3 and the Sheathing 23, 24 via a filling connection arranged at the top 25 can be filled with building material. The inside of the Sheathing 23, 24 arranged support 2, 3 can, like explained above, by hydraulic application of the Piston 4 are set with such a large setting load, with the Locking device 9 are mechanically fixed and over the upper filling connection 8 over its entire length with building material be filled. This support has in conjunction with the casing has an extremely high load capacity.

Claims (16)

1. A lining support for underground mining and tunnel construction, comprising an inner tube (3) and an outer tube (2) which are of a closed structure at their mutually remote ends and which can be telescopically moved one into the other and which can be fixed to each other at different extension lengths by means of a mechanical locking device wherein disposed in the outer tube (2) is a piston (4) which can be hydraulically acted upon by a setting pressure and which acts on the inner tube (3) in the extension direction and which is in the form of a floating component separate from the inner tube (3) -and which subdivides the internal space of the lining support into a first chamber (lower chamber 5) disposed beneath the piston (4) and a second chamber (upper chamber 7) disposed above the piston (4), wherein associated with the first chamber (lower chamber 5) is a first filling connection (6) by way of which said chamber can be acted upon by a pressure medium under setting pressure, and associated with the second chamber (upper chamber 7) is a second filling connection (8) by way of which the lining support can be filled with building material over its entire length with displacement of the floating piston (4) to the end of the outer tube (2).
2. A support according to claim 1 characterised in that the mechanical locking device comprises two annular wedge elements (12, 13) which can be pushed one into the other and which are arranged between the lower end of the inner tube (3) and the piston (4) and of which one (12) can be radially spread open when they are pushed one into the other, with plastic expansion of the outer tube (2).
3. A support according to claim 2 characterised in that the wedge surfaces of the annular wedge element (12) and/or the counterpart annular wedge element (13) are provided with projections (12a) which can shear off at a predetermined setting load and which only enable displacement of the wedge surfaces relative to each other when the predetermined setting load is exceeded.
4. A support according to claim 1 characterised in that the locking device has an annular wedge (10) which can be fixed on the outer periphery of the inner tube (3) and which can be pushed from above into the outer tube (2), with plastic expansion of the outer tube (2).
5. A support according to claim 4 characterised in that at its inner periphery the annular wedge (10) is provided with means (lla) for increasing the friction between the annular wedge (10) and the inner tube (3).
6. A support according to claims 2 and 3 characterised in that a ring (22) of elastically prestressed material bears against the top side of the annular wedge (10), which ring is in turn supported at the upper end of the outer tube (2) and urges the annular wedge (10) downwardly in the axial direction.
7. A support according to claim 1 characterised in that the locking device is in the form of a spreading spring ring (11) which is arranged at the lower end of the inner tube and which is resiliently prestressed in the radial direction and which is such that it permits an expulsion movement of the inner tube (3) relative to the outer tube (2) but upon an inward movement spreads open in a radial direction in such a way that frictional and/or positively locking contact is made with the outer tube (2).
8. A support according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that the piston (4) comprises elastically and/or plastically yielding material, in particular plastics material, it has a ring lip seal (4a) which conforms snugly to the wall of the outer tube (2) and it is fixed to the bottom of a cup-shaped, stiff guide portion (4b).
9. A support according to claim 1 or one of the following claims characterised in that a pressure-limiting valve is associated with the lower chamber (5).
10. A support according to claim 1 or one of the following claims characterised in that a bursting disc (12) serving as a pressure-limiting means is associated with the lower chamber (5).
11. A support according to claim 1 or one of the following claims characterised in that arranged in the lower chamber (5) are plastically compressible bodies, in particular in the form of air-filled hollow bodies (14) or foam bodies.
12. A support according to claim 1 or one of the following claims characterised in that it is provided at its foot or head end with axially compressible spring elements (15).
13. A support according to claim 1 or one of the following claims characterised in that the wall of the outer tube (2) is provided at a spacing relative to the upper end of the outer tube (2) with bores (18) which serve as stroke-limiting means and which, when the piston (4) passes over them, communicate the lower chamber (5) with the atmosphere.
14. A support according to claim 1 or one of the following claims characterised in that the walls of the inner tube (3) and the outer tube (2) are provided in the overlap region with water drainage bores (19, 20).
15. A support according to claim 14 characterised in that the water drainage bores (20) of the outer tube (2) are covered by a cloth (21) which is water-permeable but which retains building material.
16. A support according to claim 1 or one of the following claims characterised in that the outer tube (2) and the inner tube (3) are arranged in the interior of a casing which comprises two tubes (23, 24) which are fitted one into the other and which are guided telescopically on each other, the tubes being of a larger diameter over their entire length than the support, wherein the annular space between the support (2, 3) and the casing (23, 24) can be filled with building material.

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