EP0823749A1 - Integrated stacked patch antenna - Google Patents

Integrated stacked patch antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0823749A1
EP0823749A1 EP97250201A EP97250201A EP0823749A1 EP 0823749 A1 EP0823749 A1 EP 0823749A1 EP 97250201 A EP97250201 A EP 97250201A EP 97250201 A EP97250201 A EP 97250201A EP 0823749 A1 EP0823749 A1 EP 0823749A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupler
patch
band patch
band
output terminal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP97250201A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Darrell L. Helms
James R. Sherman
Barry B. Pruett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Co
Original Assignee
E Systems Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E Systems Inc filed Critical E Systems Inc
Publication of EP0823749A1 publication Critical patent/EP0823749A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to controlled radiation pattern GPS antennas and, more particularly, to a dual-band, stacked microstrip antenna producing circular polarization.
  • Phased array antennas are used in many applications and are favored for their versatility. Phased array antennas respond almost instantaneously to beam steering changes, and are well suited for adaptive beam forming systems. Integrated circuitry has been used to reduce the cost of phased arrays. Patch element arrays have proven particularly useful for compact low profile uses such as in airborne or space service.
  • a patch radiator comprises a conductive plate, or patch, separated from a ground plane by a dielectric medium.
  • a dielectric medium When an RF current is conducted within the cavity formed between the patch and its ground plane, an electric field is excited between the two conductive surfaces. It is the fringe field, between the outer edges of the patch and the ground plane, that generates the usable electromagnetic waves into free space.
  • a low-profile radiator is one in which the thickness of the dielectric medium is typically less than one-tenth wavelength.
  • Patch radiators support a variety of feed configurations and are capable of generating circular polarization.
  • United States Patent No. 4,924,236; U.S. Patent No. 4,660,048; U.S. Patent No. 4,218,682; U.S. Patent No. 4,218, 682; U.S. Patent No. 5,124,733; and U.S. Patent No. 5,006,859 describe the use of stacked patch radiators for use as an array antenna.
  • the present invention is a dual band, stacked microstrip antenna that is circularly polarized.
  • the antenna employs a two-layer, 90° microstrip coupler mounted atop a hi-band patch and provides two inputs to the antenna to excite two orthogonal linear polarizations in quadrature.
  • the coupler outputs are connected to the antenna by two conducting pins connected directly to the groundplane of the lo-band patch.
  • the coupler uses the hi-band patch as a groundplane and is transparent to the radiation from the antenna.
  • An input connector is connected to the coupler input by means of a coaxial line through the center of the antenna at zero RF potential.
  • the isolation port is terminated in a surface mounted 50-ohm resister connected to a ground through a quarter wavelength open transmission line.
  • the quadrature signals required to produce circular polarization are generated in a microstrip coupler on top of the antenna and fed downward.
  • the present invention provides a low-cost method for converting a linearly polarized patch antenna to circular polarization.
  • FIGURES 1, 1A, 2 and 3 therein is illustrated the integrated stacked patch antenna polarizer 10 of the present invention.
  • a two-layer, 90° microstrip coupler 20 is mounted to a hi-band patch P H and a die-electric substrate 94 of approximately 0.100 inch thickness (FIGURES 1 and 2).
  • a lo-band patch P L (FIGURE 1A) and a die-electric substrate 92 of approximately 0.250 inch thickness is mounted adjacent to and below the hi-band patch P H and the substrate 94 (FIGURE 2).
  • the coupler 20 includes a 0 output terminal 22 and a -90° output terminal 24 connected by two conducting pins 52 and 54 (or plated through hole conductors in the substrates) directly to the groundplane 200 of the lo-band patch P L (FIGURES 1,2 and 3).
  • the groundplane 200 is connected to an outer shell of the input connector 50 (FIGURE 3).
  • the hi-band patch P H is the groundplane for the coupler 20 and is nearly transparent to the radiation from the hi-band patch P H and the lo-band patch P L of the antenna 10.
  • An input terminal 26 of the coupler 20 is connected to the input connector 50 by means of a coaxial line 56 through the center of the antenna 10 (FIGURES 1 and 3). The center of the antenna 10 is at zero RF potential.
  • the coupler 20 includes a lower dielectric substrate 96 of approximately 0.047 inch thickness and an upper dielectric substrate 98 of approximately 0.020 inch thickness (FIGURES 5 and 6).
  • a lower coupler C L connects the input terminal 26 with the -90° output terminal 24 (FIGURE 4A).
  • the lower coupler C L includes a microstrip conductor disposed between the upper dielectric substrate 98 and the lower dielectric substrate 96 in an arcuate path from terminal 24 to terminal 26 (FIGURES 4A, 5 and 6).
  • An upper coupler C U connects the 0° isolation output terminal 22 with a quarter wave length open stub C S (FIGURES 4, 5 and 6).
  • the upper coupler C U includes a microstrip conductor disposed on top of the upper dielectric substrate 98 in an arcuate path from terminal 22 to the open stub C S (FIGURE 4). Intermediate between isolated terminal 22 and the open stub C S is a 50-ohm surface mounted resistor 60 (FIGURE 4). The isolation terminal 22 is terminated in the surface mounted 50-ohm resistor 60 to ground through the open stub C S (FIGURE 4).
  • the microstrip coupler 20 provides an input for the hi-band patch P H and lo-band patch P L to excite radiation in two orthogonal linear polarizations in quadrature from the antenna 10 (FIGURES 1 and 2).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

A dual band, stacked microstrip antenna produces circular polarization. A two-layer, 90° microstrip coupler is mounted to a hi-band patch and a lo-band patch and provides two inputs to the antenna to excite two orthogonal linearly polarized radiation patterns in quadrature. The coupler outputs are connected to the antenna by two conducting pins that connect directly to the groundplane of the lower patch. The coupler uses the hi-band patch as a groundplane and is transparent to the radiation from the antenna. An antenna input connector is connected to the coupler input by means of a coaxial line through the center of the antenna. The isolation port is terminated in a surface mounted 50-ohm resister to ground through a quarter wave length open transmission line.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates generally to controlled radiation pattern GPS antennas and, more particularly, to a dual-band, stacked microstrip antenna producing circular polarization.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Phased array antennas are used in many applications and are favored for their versatility. Phased array antennas respond almost instantaneously to beam steering changes, and are well suited for adaptive beam forming systems. Integrated circuitry has been used to reduce the cost of phased arrays. Patch element arrays have proven particularly useful for compact low profile uses such as in airborne or space service.
A patch radiator comprises a conductive plate, or patch, separated from a ground plane by a dielectric medium. When an RF current is conducted within the cavity formed between the patch and its ground plane, an electric field is excited between the two conductive surfaces. It is the fringe field, between the outer edges of the patch and the ground plane, that generates the usable electromagnetic waves into free space. A low-profile radiator is one in which the thickness of the dielectric medium is typically less than one-tenth wavelength.
Patch radiators support a variety of feed configurations and are capable of generating circular polarization. United States Patent No. 4,924,236; U.S. Patent No. 4,660,048; U.S. Patent No. 4,218,682; U.S. Patent No. 4,218, 682; U.S. Patent No. 5,124,733; and U.S. Patent No. 5,006,859 describe the use of stacked patch radiators for use as an array antenna.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a dual band, stacked microstrip antenna that is circularly polarized. The antenna employs a two-layer, 90° microstrip coupler mounted atop a hi-band patch and provides two inputs to the antenna to excite two orthogonal linear polarizations in quadrature. The coupler outputs are connected to the antenna by two conducting pins connected directly to the groundplane of the lo-band patch. The coupler uses the hi-band patch as a groundplane and is transparent to the radiation from the antenna. An input connector is connected to the coupler input by means of a coaxial line through the center of the antenna at zero RF potential. The isolation port is terminated in a surface mounted 50-ohm resister connected to a ground through a quarter wavelength open transmission line.
In accordance with the present invention, the quadrature signals required to produce circular polarization are generated in a microstrip coupler on top of the antenna and fed downward. The present invention provides a low-cost method for converting a linearly polarized patch antenna to circular polarization.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete understanding of the present invention may be had by reference to the following Detailed Description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
  • FIGURE 1 is a plan view of the top of an integrated stacked microstrip antenna of the present invention;
  • FIGURE 1A is a plan view illustrating a lower patch and substrate of the antenna of the present invention;
  • FIGURE 2 is a side view of the antenna of the present invention taken at section 2-2 in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a side view of the antenna of the present invention taken at section 3-3 in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 4 is a partial plan view of the top of a 90° microstrip coupler of the antenna of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 4A is a partial plan view of the lower coupler and substrate of the 90° microstrip coupler of FIGURE 4;
  • FIGURE 5 is an enlarged partial side view of the 90° microstrip coupler taken at section 5-5 in FIGURE 4; and
  • FIGURE 6 is an enlarged partial side view of the 90° microstrip coupler taken at section 6-6 in FIGURE 4.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    Reference is now made to the Drawings wherein like reference characters denote like or similar parts throughout the eight FIGURES. Referring to FIGURES 1, 1A, 2 and 3, therein is illustrated the integrated stacked patch antenna polarizer 10 of the present invention. A two-layer, 90° microstrip coupler 20 is mounted to a hi-band patch PH and a die-electric substrate 94 of approximately 0.100 inch thickness (FIGURES 1 and 2). A lo-band patch PL (FIGURE 1A) and a die-electric substrate 92 of approximately 0.250 inch thickness is mounted adjacent to and below the hi-band patch PH and the substrate 94 (FIGURE 2).
    The coupler 20 includes a 0 output terminal 22 and a -90° output terminal 24 connected by two conducting pins 52 and 54 (or plated through hole conductors in the substrates) directly to the groundplane 200 of the lo-band patch PL (FIGURES 1,2 and 3). The groundplane 200 is connected to an outer shell of the input connector 50 (FIGURE 3). The hi-band patch PH is the groundplane for the coupler 20 and is nearly transparent to the radiation from the hi-band patch PH and the lo-band patch PL of the antenna 10. An input terminal 26 of the coupler 20 is connected to the input connector 50 by means of a coaxial line 56 through the center of the antenna 10 (FIGURES 1 and 3). The center of the antenna 10 is at zero RF potential.
    Referring now to FIGURES 4, 4A, 5 and 6, the coupler 20 is illustrated in more detail. The coupler 20 includes a lower dielectric substrate 96 of approximately 0.047 inch thickness and an upper dielectric substrate 98 of approximately 0.020 inch thickness (FIGURES 5 and 6). A lower coupler CL connects the input terminal 26 with the -90° output terminal 24 (FIGURE 4A). The lower coupler CL includes a microstrip conductor disposed between the upper dielectric substrate 98 and the lower dielectric substrate 96 in an arcuate path from terminal 24 to terminal 26 (FIGURES 4A, 5 and 6). An upper coupler CU connects the 0° isolation output terminal 22 with a quarter wave length open stub CS (FIGURES 4, 5 and 6). The upper coupler CU includes a microstrip conductor disposed on top of the upper dielectric substrate 98 in an arcuate path from terminal 22 to the open stub CS (FIGURE 4). Intermediate between isolated terminal 22 and the open stub CS is a 50-ohm surface mounted resistor 60 (FIGURE 4). The isolation terminal 22 is terminated in the surface mounted 50-ohm resistor 60 to ground through the open stub CS (FIGURE 4). The microstrip coupler 20 provides an input for the hi-band patch PH and lo-band patch PL to excite radiation in two orthogonal linear polarizations in quadrature from the antenna 10 (FIGURES 1 and 2).
    Although the preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the foregoing Detailed Description, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiment disclosed but is capable of numerous modifications without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.

    Claims (14)

    1. A stacked patch antenna comprising:
      a lo-band patch having a first side and a second side;
      a hi-band patch having a first side and a second side, said hi-band patch mounted adjacent with the second side adjacent to the first side of the lo-band patch substrate; and
      a 90° microstrip coupler having a first side and second side, said coupler mounted adjacent to the first side of the hi-band patch, said coupler including:
      an input terminal,
      a 0° output terminal,
      a -90° output terminal,
      a lower coupler strip disposed in an arcuate configuration between the first side of the coupler and the second side of the coupler, said lower coupler strip connected to the input terminal and the -90° output terminal, and
      an upper coupler strip disposed in an arcuate configuration on the first side of the coupler, said upper coupler strip connected to the 0° output terminal, and
         wherein said microstrip coupler generates two output quadrature signals that are fed to the hi-band patch and lo-band patch to produce circular polarization.
    2. The stacked patch antenna of Claim 1 further including:
      a quarter wave length open stub disposed in arcuate configuration on the first side of the coupler and connected to the upper coupler strip.
    3. The stacked patch antenna of Claim 2 further including:
      a resistor connected between the upper coupler strip and the quarter wave length open stub.
    4. The stacked patch antenna of Claim 1 further including:
      a first conducting pin connecting the 0° output terminal of the 90° microstrip coupler with the ground plane of the lo-band patch; and
      a second conducting pin connecting the -90° output terminal of the 90° microstrip coupler with the ground plane of the lo-band patch.
    5. The stacked patch antenna of Claim 4 further including:
      a coaxial input line, passing through a center-point of the hi-band patch and a center-point of the lo-band patch, and connected to the input terminal of the 90° microstrip coupler.
    6. The stacked patch antenna of Claim 1 further including:
      a first conductor plated through a series of aligned openings in the first, second, third and fourth substrates, connecting the 0° output terminal of the 90° microstrip coupler with the ground plane of the lo-band patch; and
      a second conductor plated through a series of aligned openings in the first, second, third and fourth substrates, connecting the -90° output terminal of the 90° microstrip coupler with the ground plane of the lo-band patch.
    7. The stacked patch antenna of Claim 1 wherein the hi-band patch comprises the ground plane for the 90° microstrip coupler.
    8. The stacked patch antenna of Claim 1 wherein the center-point of the lo-band patch and the center-point of the hi-band patch are at zero RF potential.
    9. A stacked patch antenna comprising:
      a first dielectric substrate having a first side and second side;
      a second dielectric substrate having a first side and second side, said second dielectric substrate mounted adjacent to the first dielectric substrate;
      a lo-band patch mounted between the first side of the first dielectric substrate and the second side of the second dielectric substrate;
      a hi-band patch mounted adjacent to the first side of the second dielectric substrate; and
      a 90° microstrip coupler mounted adjacent to the hi-band patch, said coupler including:
      a third dielectric substrate having a first side and a second side,
      a fourth dielectric substrate having a first side and a second side,
      an input terminal,
      a 0° output terminal,
      a -90° output terminal,
      a quarter wave length open stub disposed on the first side of the fourth dielectric substrate,
      a lower coupler strip disposed in an arcuate configuration adjacent to and between the first side of the third dielectric substrate and the second side of the fourth dielectric substrate, said lower coupler strip connected to the input terminal and the -90° output terminal,
      an upper coupler strip disposed in an arcuate configuration on the first side of the fourth dielectric substrate, said upper coupler strip connected to the 0° output terminal and the quarter wave length open stub, and
      a resistor connected between the upper coupler strip and the quarter wave length open stub,
         wherein said microstrip coupler generates two output quadrature signals that are fed to the hi-band patch and lo-band patch to produce circular polarization.
    10. The stacked patch antenna of Claim 9 further including:
      a first conducting pin connecting the 0° output terminal of the 90° microstrip coupler with the ground plane of the lo-band patch; and
      a second conducting pin connecting the -90° output terminal of the 90° microstrip coupler with the ground plane of the lo-band patch.
    11. The stacked patch antenna of Claim 10 further including:
      a coaxial input line, passing through a center-point of the hi-band patch and a center-point of the lo-band patch, and connected to the input terminal of the 90° microstrip coupler.
    12. The stacked patch antenna of Claim 9 further including:
      a first conductor plated through a series of aligned openings in the first, second, third and fourth substrates, connecting the 0° output terminal of the 90° microstrip coupler with the ground plane of the lo-band patch; and
      a second conductor plated through a series of aligned openings in the first, second, third and fourth substrates, connecting the -90° output terminal of the 90° microstrip coupler with the ground plane of the lo-band patch.
    13. The stacked patch antenna of Claim 9 wherein the hi-band patch comprises the ground plane for the 90° microstrip coupler.
    14. The stacked patch antenna of Claim 9 wherein the center-point of the lo-band patch and the center-point of the hi-band patch are at zero RF potential.
    EP97250201A 1996-08-08 1997-07-01 Integrated stacked patch antenna Ceased EP0823749A1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    US694855 1985-01-25
    US08/694,855 US5815119A (en) 1996-08-08 1996-08-08 Integrated stacked patch antenna polarizer circularly polarized integrated stacked dual-band patch antenna

    Publications (1)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0823749A1 true EP0823749A1 (en) 1998-02-11

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    ID=24790532

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP97250201A Ceased EP0823749A1 (en) 1996-08-08 1997-07-01 Integrated stacked patch antenna

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    US (1) US5815119A (en)
    EP (1) EP0823749A1 (en)
    JP (1) JPH1098332A (en)
    AU (1) AU717962B2 (en)

    Cited By (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    WO2002063715A1 (en) * 2001-02-05 2002-08-15 Bluetronics Ab Patch antenna for bluetooth and wlan
    WO2009093980A1 (en) * 2008-01-22 2009-07-30 Agency For Science, Technology & Research Broadband circularly polarized patch antenna
    CN113131206A (en) * 2021-03-25 2021-07-16 西安博瑞集信电子科技有限公司 LTCC-based circularly polarized microstrip antenna

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    US5969681A (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-10-19 Ericsson Inc. Extended bandwidth dual-band patch antenna systems and associated methods of broadband operation
    SE512439C2 (en) * 1998-06-26 2000-03-20 Allgon Ab Dual band antenna
    US6404401B2 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-06-11 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Metamorphic parallel plate antenna
    US7071881B1 (en) * 2004-10-04 2006-07-04 Lockheed Martin Corporation Circular antenna polarization via stadium configured active electronically steerable array
    US7994999B2 (en) * 2007-11-30 2011-08-09 Harada Industry Of America, Inc. Microstrip antenna
    JP5344736B2 (en) 2008-02-20 2013-11-20 太陽誘電株式会社 Base material, communication module, and communication device
    WO2017015339A1 (en) * 2015-07-20 2017-01-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Low-profile circularly-polarized single-probe broadband antenna
    US10069208B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2018-09-04 Taoglas Group Holdings Limited Dual-frequency patch antenna
    CN112259945B (en) * 2020-10-15 2021-12-17 西安博瑞集信电子科技有限公司 3dB orthogonal directional coupler circuit compatible with standard PCB process
    CN112736420A (en) * 2020-10-15 2021-04-30 天津津航计算技术研究所 Resistance-loaded Klopfenstein gradient profile ultra-wideband antenna
    CN116014431B (en) * 2023-03-07 2023-09-19 电子科技大学 Broadband multi-line/circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna with simultaneous multipath coupling feed

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    US4218682A (en) * 1979-06-22 1980-08-19 Nasa Multiple band circularly polarized microstrip antenna
    EP0188087A1 (en) * 1984-12-18 1986-07-23 Texas Instruments Incorporated Microstrip patch antenna system
    US4827271A (en) * 1986-11-24 1989-05-02 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Dual frequency microstrip patch antenna with improved feed and increased bandwidth
    US4924236A (en) * 1987-11-03 1990-05-08 Raytheon Company Patch radiator element with microstrip balian circuit providing double-tuned impedance matching
    US5006859A (en) * 1990-03-28 1991-04-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Patch antenna with polarization uniformity control
    US5165109A (en) * 1989-01-19 1992-11-17 Trimble Navigation Microwave communication antenna
    EP0542595A1 (en) * 1991-11-14 1993-05-19 Dassault Electronique Microstrip antenna device especially for satellite telephone transmissions

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    US4089003A (en) * 1977-02-07 1978-05-09 Motorola, Inc. Multifrequency microstrip antenna
    US4218682A (en) * 1979-06-22 1980-08-19 Nasa Multiple band circularly polarized microstrip antenna
    EP0188087A1 (en) * 1984-12-18 1986-07-23 Texas Instruments Incorporated Microstrip patch antenna system
    US4660048A (en) * 1984-12-18 1987-04-21 Texas Instruments Incorporated Microstrip patch antenna system
    US4827271A (en) * 1986-11-24 1989-05-02 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Dual frequency microstrip patch antenna with improved feed and increased bandwidth
    US4924236A (en) * 1987-11-03 1990-05-08 Raytheon Company Patch radiator element with microstrip balian circuit providing double-tuned impedance matching
    US5165109A (en) * 1989-01-19 1992-11-17 Trimble Navigation Microwave communication antenna
    US5006859A (en) * 1990-03-28 1991-04-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Patch antenna with polarization uniformity control
    EP0542595A1 (en) * 1991-11-14 1993-05-19 Dassault Electronique Microstrip antenna device especially for satellite telephone transmissions

    Cited By (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    WO2002063715A1 (en) * 2001-02-05 2002-08-15 Bluetronics Ab Patch antenna for bluetooth and wlan
    WO2009093980A1 (en) * 2008-01-22 2009-07-30 Agency For Science, Technology & Research Broadband circularly polarized patch antenna
    CN113131206A (en) * 2021-03-25 2021-07-16 西安博瑞集信电子科技有限公司 LTCC-based circularly polarized microstrip antenna

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    US5815119A (en) 1998-09-29
    JPH1098332A (en) 1998-04-14
    AU717962B2 (en) 2000-04-06
    AU2876797A (en) 1998-02-12

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