EP0821383B1 - Overcurrent trip unit for an electrical installation device, particularly for a circuit breaker - Google Patents
Overcurrent trip unit for an electrical installation device, particularly for a circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0821383B1 EP0821383B1 EP97112479A EP97112479A EP0821383B1 EP 0821383 B1 EP0821383 B1 EP 0821383B1 EP 97112479 A EP97112479 A EP 97112479A EP 97112479 A EP97112479 A EP 97112479A EP 0821383 B1 EP0821383 B1 EP 0821383B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bimetal
- leg
- coil
- snap
- trip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/40—Combined electrothermal and electromagnetic mechanisms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/14—Electrothermal mechanisms
- H01H71/16—Electrothermal mechanisms with bimetal element
Definitions
- the invention relates to an overcurrent release for an electrical installation device, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Miniature circuit breaker for protection against thermal overload and also against short circuit are basically the same. They are with a magnetic trigger for the Short circuit protection and a thermal trigger in the form of a bimetallic metal against Overload equipped.
- the thermal bimetals for such overcurrent releases are designed as bimetallic strips, which are clamped on one side and are heated by current flow: the current flows through the bimetallic strip; he can carry a heating coil or heated by the coil of the magnetic release.
- the bimetals are designed so that they increase with the current flow turn out all the more.
- the thermal trigger is a bimetallic snap disk realized, which is heated by the coil of the magnetic release, see DE-PS 36 37 275.
- Similar bimetal snap elements are in DE 38 00 582 C2 or DE 42 24 046 A1.
- the power loss is of the switch higher.
- the problem with the snap disk arrangement is that the total stroke of the snap element is relatively small, for example 0.8 mm; therefore must be manufactured with low tolerances, which is a high manufacturing technology Brings effort. If you provide two snap disks, then you get a higher number of parts.
- the object of the invention is to provide a thermal release in which a greater path reserve is achieved when triggered.
- bimetallic strips which can perform a snap movement, are also in the Manual of the company Rau, Pforzheim, "Thermobimetal basics, calculation, design, Selection ", 1989, pages 118 to 123.
- this bimetal with its one fixed end, is at the free end attached to the yoke leg of the electromagnetic release, so that it through the Temperature increase of the coil is heated.
- the bimetal is in the idle state via a electrically conductive bridge in the area between the ends with the yoke leg mechanically connected, so that the current at least in the beginning also over a partial area of the bimetal flows so that a partial flow until the element snaps flows through the bimetal so that the bimetal is heated more quickly.
- the bridge is through a pin on the yoke leg and / or formed on the bimetal.
- this snap-action bimetal has a defined response value is available when the snap temperature is reached. There the bimetal has another continuous bend after snapping executes, the path reserve is also increased. In addition, you get a higher one Release force than with a conventional bimetal, which has no snap function having; the direct heating or indirect heating is then also through the Stop, d. H. adjustable through the bridge.
- a trigger which is designated in its entirety with the reference number 10, has an electromagnetic release 11 and a thermal release 12.
- the electromagnetic Trigger has an L-shaped yoke 13, with a first leg 14, on which a bobbin 15 is placed perpendicular to it, which is a magnet armature and surrounds a core (both not shown).
- Around the bobbin 15 is wound around a coil 16, one end of which is connected to the leg 14.
- the other end 17 of the coil 16 goes inside the installation device in which the Trigger is used to continue to other components.
- the yoke 13 has one second leg 18, which is perpendicular to the leg 14 and parallel to the Coil axis or to the axis of the bobbin 15.
- the leg 18 is approximately like this long as the bobbin 15.
- the thermal bimetal 12 is one with a snap function; 4 shows the path-temperature diagram with a curve shape 23 of the free end 24 of the thermobimetal 12.
- the free end 24 moves slightly according to a first section 25; as soon as the snap temperature T s is reached, the bimetal 12 snaps over, so that the distance covered by the free end 24 suddenly increases; and after snapping the thermobimetal bends further according to the curve region 27, so that an additional path ⁇ s can be reached after the snapping.
- the curve area which indicates the snap movement has the reference number 26.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show embodiments which are not Embodiments of the invention, but are examples that the Facilitate understanding of the invention.
- the bimetal 12 is in Fastening point of the L-shaped yoke attached. It runs outside of the perpendicular to the Coil axis extending yoke leg 14 and parallel to it, being at the
- the bridge 22 is integrally formed on the outside of the yoke leg 14. Because the rest Features per se of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 are also the same Reference numerals as in Fig. 1 have been used.
- thermobimetal 12 is at the free end of the Fixed yoke leg 18 parallel to the coil axis; it jumps from that Yoke leg 18 in the same direction as the yoke leg 14, so that the Thermobimetal 12 forms a U-shape together with the yoke 13 in which the coil 16 is arranged.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überstromauslöser für ein elektrisches Installationsgerät, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to an overcurrent release for an electrical installation device, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Leitungsschutzschalter zum Schutz gegen thermische Überlast und auch gegen Kurzschluß sind prinzipiell gleich aufgebaut. Sie sind mit einem Magnetauslöser für den Kurzschlußschutz und einem thermischen Auslöser in Form eines Thermobimetalls gegen Überlast ausgerüstet.Miniature circuit breaker for protection against thermal overload and also against short circuit are basically the same. They are with a magnetic trigger for the Short circuit protection and a thermal trigger in the form of a bimetallic metal against Overload equipped.
Ein Überstromauslöser, gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, ist aus EP-A-0 143 022 bekannt.An overcurrent release, according to the preamble of Claim 1 is known from EP-A-0 143 022.
Die Thermobimetalle für derartige Überstromauslöser sind als Bimetallstreifen ausgebildet, die einseitig eingespannt sind und durch Stromfluß erwärmt werden: Dabei kann der Bimetallstreifen vom Strom durchflossen sein; er kann eine Heizwicklung tragen oder auch von der Spule des magnetischen Auslösers erwärmt werden. Üblicherweise sind die Bimetalle so ausgebildet, daß sie sich bei Erhöhung des Stromdurchflusses um so weiter ausbiegen. The thermal bimetals for such overcurrent releases are designed as bimetallic strips, which are clamped on one side and are heated by current flow: the current flows through the bimetallic strip; he can carry a heating coil or heated by the coil of the magnetic release. Usually the bimetals are designed so that they increase with the current flow turn out all the more.
Bei einer bekannten Anordnung wird der thermische Auslöser durch eine Bimetallschnappschneibe realisiert, die von der Spule des Magnetauslösers beheizt wird, siehe DE-PS 36 37 275. Ähnliche Bimetall-Schnappelemente sind in den DE 38 00 582 C2 oder der DE 42 24 046 A1 beschrieben.In a known arrangement, the thermal trigger is a bimetallic snap disk realized, which is heated by the coil of the magnetic release, see DE-PS 36 37 275. Similar bimetal snap elements are in DE 38 00 582 C2 or DE 42 24 046 A1.
Wenn das Thermobimetall direkt von Strom durchflossen wird, ist die Verlustleistung des Schalters höher. Bei der Schnappscheibenanordnung besteht das Problem, daß der Gesamthub des Schnappelementes relativ gering ist, beispielsweise 0,8 mm beträgt; daher muß mit geringen Toleranzen gefertigt werden, was einen hohen fertigungstechnischen Aufwand mit sich bringt. Wenn man zwei Schnappschneiben vorsieht, dann erhält man höhere Teilezahl.If electricity flows through the bimetal directly, the power loss is of the switch higher. The problem with the snap disk arrangement is that the total stroke of the snap element is relatively small, for example 0.8 mm; therefore must be manufactured with low tolerances, which is a high manufacturing technology Brings effort. If you provide two snap disks, then you get a higher number of parts.
Aus der US 3 265 839 A1 ist ein thermisch betätigbarer Schalter bekannt geworden, bei dem parallel zu zwei Heizwiderständen eine Kontaktanordnung geschaltet ist, die am Ende eines Bimetallstreifens ein bewegliches Kontaktstück aufweist, welches mit einem Festkontaktstück zusammenwirkt. Der Bimetallstreifen ist parallel zu den Heizwiderständen geschaltet, wobei der elektrische Widerstand des Bimetallstreifens deutlich geringer ist als der der Heizwiderstände, so daß im Fall eines Überstromes der Bimetallstreifen in Öffnungsstellung geht und dort durch die von den Heizwiderständen erzeugte Wärme in Öffnungsstellung gehalten wird.From US 3,265,839 A1 a thermally actuable switch has become known in which is connected in parallel to two heating resistors, a contact arrangement, the End of a bimetallic strip has a movable contact piece, which with a Fixed contact piece interacts. The bimetal strip is parallel to the heating resistors switched, the electrical resistance of the bimetal strip clearly is lower than that of the heating resistors, so that in the event of an overcurrent the bimetal strip goes into the open position and there by the one generated by the heating resistors Heat is kept in the open position.
Für eine Entklinkung eines Schaltschlosses für eine Leitungsschutzschalter ist diese Anordnung nicht geeignet.This is for unlatching a switch lock for a circuit breaker Arrangement not suitable.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen thermischen Auslöser zu schaffen, bei dem eine größere Wegreserve bei der Auslösung erreicht wird.The object of the invention is to provide a thermal release in which a greater path reserve is achieved when triggered.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
Derartige Bimetallstreifen, die eine Schnappbewegung ausführen können, sind auch im Handbuch der Firma Rau, Pforzheim, "Thermobimetalle-Grundlagen, Berechnung, Gestaltung, Auswahl", 1989, Seiten 118 bis 123. Such bimetallic strips, which can perform a snap movement, are also in the Manual of the company Rau, Pforzheim, "Thermobimetal basics, calculation, design, Selection ", 1989, pages 118 to 123.
Dieses Bimetall ist mit seinem einen, ortsfesten Ende erfindungsgemäß am freien Ende des Jochschenkels des elektromagnetischen Auslösers befestigt, so daß es durch die Temperaturerhöhung der Spule erwärmt wird. According to the invention, this bimetal, with its one fixed end, is at the free end attached to the yoke leg of the electromagnetic release, so that it through the Temperature increase of the coil is heated.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist das Bimetall im Ruhezustand über eine elektrisch leitende Brücke im Bereich zwischen den Enden mit dem Jochschenkel mechanisch verbunden, so daß der Strom zumindest am Anfang auch über einen Teilbereich des Bimetalls fließt, so daß bis zum Umschnappen des Elementes ein Teilstrom durch das Bimetall hindurchfließt, so daß das Bimetall schneller aufgeheizt wird.According to a further embodiment, the bimetal is in the idle state via a electrically conductive bridge in the area between the ends with the yoke leg mechanically connected, so that the current at least in the beginning also over a partial area of the bimetal flows so that a partial flow until the element snaps flows through the bimetal so that the bimetal is heated more quickly.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die Brücke durch einen Zapfen am Jochschenkel und/oder am Bimetall gebildet.According to a further embodiment, the bridge is through a pin on the yoke leg and / or formed on the bimetal.
Die besonderen Vorteile dieses Bimetalls mit Schnappfunktion bestehen darin, daß beim Erreichen der Schnapptemperatur ein definierter Ansprechwert vorhanden ist. Da das Bimetall nach dem Umschnappen noch eine weitere kontinuierliche Ausbiegung ausführt, ist die Wegreserve auch vergrößert. Darüberhinaus erhält man eine höhere Auslösekraft als bei einem konventionellen Bimetall, welches keine Schnappfunktion aufweist; die direkte Beheizung bzw. die indirekte Beheizung ist dann auch durch den Anschlag, d. h. durch die Brücke einstellbar.The particular advantages of this snap-action bimetal are that a defined response value is available when the snap temperature is reached. There the bimetal has another continuous bend after snapping executes, the path reserve is also increased. In addition, you get a higher one Release force than with a conventional bimetal, which has no snap function having; the direct heating or indirect heating is then also through the Stop, d. H. adjustable through the bridge.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Verbesserungen der Erfindung sind den weiteren Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous refinements and improvements of the invention are the see further subclaims.
Anhand der Zeichnung, in der einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt sind, sollen die Erfindung sowie weitere Ausgestaltungen und Verbesserungen und wietere Vorteile näher erläutert und beschrieben werden.Using the drawing, in which some embodiments of the invention are shown are, the invention and other refinements and improvements and further advantages are explained and described in more detail.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Auslösers für Überstrom und Kurzschlußstrom,
- Fig. 2 und 3
- weitere Ausgestaltungen eines Überstrom- und Kurzschlußauslöser, wobei diese Ausgestaltungen keine Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind, sondern das Verständnis der Erfindung erleichtern sollen, und
- Fig. 4
- die Weg- Temperaturkurve des Thermobimetalls, das bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 1 verwendet wird.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of a trigger for overcurrent and short-circuit current,
- 2 and 3
- further refinements of an overcurrent and short-circuit release, these refinements not being exemplary embodiments of the invention but intended to facilitate understanding of the invention, and
- Fig. 4
- the path-temperature curve of the bimetallic strip used in the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
Ein Auslöser, der in seiner Gesamtheit mit der Bezugsziffer 10 bezeichnet ist, besitzt
einen elektromagnetischen Auslöser 11 und einen thermischen Auslöser 12. Der elektromagnetische
Auslöser besitzt ein L-förmiges Joch 13, mit einem ersten Schenkel 14,
auf dem ein Spulenkörper 15 senkrecht dazu aufgesetzt ist, der einen Magnetanker
und einen Kern (beide nicht dargestellt) umgibt. Um den Spulenkörper 15
herumgewikelt ist eine Spule 16, deren eines Ende mit dem Schenkel 14 verbunden ist.
Das andere Ende 17 der Spule 16 geht innerhalb des Installationsgerätes, in dem der
Auslöser eingesetzt ist, zu weiteren Komponenten weiter. Das Joch 13 besitzt einen
zweiten Schenkel 18, der senkrecht zu dem Schenkel 14 verläuft und parallel zu der
Spulenachse bzw. zur Achse des Spulenkörpers 15. Der Schenkel 18 ist dabei etwa so
lang wie der Spulenkörper 15. An der Außenfläche im Bereich des freien Endes ist das
Ende 19 des Thermobimetalls 12 befestigt, welches im Bereich der Befestigungsstelle
eine Abkröpfung 20 aufweist, so daß das Thermobimetall in bestimmtem Abstand zu
der Außenfläche des Schenkels 18 und parallel dazu verläuft. Ein flexibler Leiter 21 ist
mit dem freien Ende des Schenkels 18 verbunden, so daß der Strom über den flexiblen
Leiter 21, den Schenkel 18, den Schenkel 14, die Spule 16 hin zum anderen Spulenende
17 fließen kann. Im Bereich zwischen den beiden Enden des Thermobimetalls 12
und den Enden des Schenkels 18 befindet sich ein Zapfen 22, gegen den das Thermobimetall
12 anliegt, so daß dadurch eine Brücke gebildet wird, über die Strom fließen
kann, so daß der Strom aufgeteilt wird durch einen Teilfluß durch den Schenkel 18 und
durch das Thermobimetall 12 bis hin zur Brücke 22.A trigger, which is designated in its entirety with the
Das Thermobimetall 12 ist ein solches mit einer Schnappfunktion; die Fig. 4 zeigt das
Weg-Temperaturdiagramm mit einem Kurvenverlauf 23 des freien Endes 24 des Thermobimetalls
12. Bei ansteigender Temperatur bewegt sich das freie Ende 24 gemäß
einem ersten Abschnitt 25 leicht; sobald die Schnapptemperatur Ts erreicht wird,
schnappt das Bimetall 12 um, so daß sich der Weg, den das freie Ende 24 zurücklegt,
plötzlich vergrößert; und nach Umschnappen biegt sich das Thermobimetall gemäß
dem Kurvenbereich 27 weiter aus, so daß nach dem Umschnappen ein Zusatzweg Δs
erreichbar ist. Der Kurvenbereich, der die Schnappbewegung andeutet, besitzt die Bezugsziffer
26.The
Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen Ausführungsformen, bei denen es sich nicht um
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung, sondern um Beispiele handelt, die das
Verständnis der Erfindung erleichtern. In Fig. 2 ist das Thermobimetall 12 im
Knickpunkt des L-förmigen Joches befestigt. Es verläuft außerhalb des senkrecht zur
Spulenachse verlaufenden Jochschenkels 14 und parallel zu diesem, wobei an der
Außenseite des Jochschenkels 14 die Brücke 22 angeformt ist. Da die übrigen
Merkmale an sich der Ausführung nach der Fig. 1 gleichen, sind auch die gleichen
Bezugsziffern wie in Fig. 1 verwendet worden.Figures 2 and 3 show embodiments which are not
Embodiments of the invention, but are examples that the
Facilitate understanding of the invention. In Fig. 2, the
Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 3 ist das Thermobimetall 12 am freien Ende des
parallel zur Spulenachse verlaufenden Jochschenkels 18 befestigt; es springt von dem
Jochschenkel 18 in die gleiche Richtung vor wie der Jochschenkel 14, so daß das
Thermobimetall 12 zusammen mit dem Joch 13 eine U-Form bildet, in der die Spule 16
angeordnet ist.3, the
Claims (4)
- An overcurrent trip for an electric accessory, especially for a circuit-breaker, having a thermal trip comprising a bimetal strip and an electromagnetic trip with a coil and yoke comprising a first leg extending spatially parallel to the coil and covering the same and a second leg extending transversally thereto, characterized in that the bimetal strip (12), which is arranged such that it performs an additional snap-action movement during heating, is clamped with one end (19) at the free end of the yoke leg (18) extending parallel to the coil axis and covering the coil, so that its free end (24) can be bent out further after performing the snap-action movement during further heating.
- An overcurrent trip as claimed in claim 1, comprising an electromagnetic trip for short-circuit current, characterized in that the bimetal strip (12) is fastened to the yoke leg (18) of the electromagnetic trip (11).
- An overcurrent trip as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bimetal (12) is mechanically connected with the yoke leg (18) in the idle state via an electrically conductive bridge (22) in the region between the ends, so that the current, at least initially until the snap-over of the bimetal, will flow at least partially through the bimetal (12) so that it is heated up more rapidly.
- An overcurrent trip as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the bridge (22) is formed by a pin on the yoke leg (18) and/or on the bimetal (12).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19629960 | 1996-07-25 | ||
| DE19629960A DE19629960A1 (en) | 1996-07-25 | 1996-07-25 | Overcurrent release for an electrical installation device, especially for a circuit breaker |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0821383A2 EP0821383A2 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
| EP0821383A3 EP0821383A3 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
| EP0821383B1 true EP0821383B1 (en) | 2003-06-04 |
Family
ID=7800758
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97112479A Expired - Lifetime EP0821383B1 (en) | 1996-07-25 | 1997-07-19 | Overcurrent trip unit for an electrical installation device, particularly for a circuit breaker |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0821383B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE242544T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19629960A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012200728A1 (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2013-07-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electric switch |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3265839A (en) * | 1963-08-05 | 1966-08-09 | Fasco Industries | Thermally-operable circuit breaker |
| EP0143022A1 (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1985-05-29 | Merlin Gerin | Thermal and magnetic circuit breaker tripping mechanism |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE496968C (en) * | 1930-04-30 | Aeg | Overcurrent switch with electromagnetic and thermal release | |
| FR732488A (en) * | 1931-03-04 | 1932-09-21 | Brown | Thermal delayed-action tripping device comprising a bimetallic multi-branch element |
| FR1022813A (en) * | 1950-03-01 | 1953-03-10 | Snap action and delayed circuit breaker, operated by a bimetal | |
| DE1036992B (en) * | 1956-08-16 | 1958-08-21 | Wickmann Werke Ag | Overcurrent switch |
| DE1763575A1 (en) * | 1968-06-26 | 1971-11-25 | Franz Jungels | Thermally operated overcurrent switch |
| DE6913744U (en) * | 1969-04-05 | 1969-07-24 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | MAGNETIC TRIGGER FOR INSTALLATION SWITCH |
| DE2138438C3 (en) * | 1971-07-31 | 1975-09-04 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Magnetic trip coil for miniature circuit breakers with U-shaped iron yoke |
| US4165502A (en) * | 1977-06-08 | 1979-08-21 | Square D Company | Current limiter assembly for a circuit breaker |
| DE3013016A1 (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1981-10-08 | Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim | RELEASE SYSTEM OF A SELF-SWITCH TO INTERRUPT A CIRCUIT |
-
1996
- 1996-07-25 DE DE19629960A patent/DE19629960A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-07-19 EP EP97112479A patent/EP0821383B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-19 AT AT97112479T patent/ATE242544T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-19 DE DE59710197T patent/DE59710197D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3265839A (en) * | 1963-08-05 | 1966-08-09 | Fasco Industries | Thermally-operable circuit breaker |
| EP0143022A1 (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1985-05-29 | Merlin Gerin | Thermal and magnetic circuit breaker tripping mechanism |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0821383A3 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
| DE59710197D1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
| EP0821383A2 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
| DE19629960A1 (en) | 1998-01-29 |
| ATE242544T1 (en) | 2003-06-15 |
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