EP0820409A1 - Method for making easy-open lids with improved scoring - Google Patents

Method for making easy-open lids with improved scoring

Info

Publication number
EP0820409A1
EP0820409A1 EP96913590A EP96913590A EP0820409A1 EP 0820409 A1 EP0820409 A1 EP 0820409A1 EP 96913590 A EP96913590 A EP 96913590A EP 96913590 A EP96913590 A EP 96913590A EP 0820409 A1 EP0820409 A1 EP 0820409A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
incision
punch
angle
strip
cover
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96913590A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0820409B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Marc Legresy
Jean-Pierre Richard
Marc Langouet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trivium Packaging West France SAS
Original Assignee
Impress Metal Packaging SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Impress Metal Packaging SA filed Critical Impress Metal Packaging SA
Priority to EP96913590A priority Critical patent/EP0820409B1/en
Publication of EP0820409A1 publication Critical patent/EP0820409A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0820409B1 publication Critical patent/EP0820409B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/38—Making inlet or outlet arrangements of cans, tins, baths, bottles, or other vessels; Making can ends; Making closures
    • B21D51/383—Making inlet or outlet arrangements of cans, tins, baths, bottles, or other vessels; Making can ends; Making closures scoring lines, tear strips or pulling tabs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D17/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions
    • B65D17/28—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness
    • B65D17/404—Details of the lines of weakness

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of containers with easy opening and more particularly metal lids with easy opening.
  • the easy-opening covers have a generally peripheral incision in the case of containers for food products, as shown in FIGS. 1a to 1c, FIGS. 1a and 1b corresponding to easy-opening covers with counter-bowl, or have a delimiting incision a small portion of the lid panel in the case of a lid for a beverage can.
  • the incisions are defined by their profile and the residual metal thickness under the incision which is also called the "residual".
  • a profile is defined by the angle alpha of the incision and by the calculated width P of the bottom of the incision.
  • a typical incision is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2 with its angle alpha and the width P, an incision where the angle alpha is 60 ° with a width P of 40 ⁇ m being symbolically designated by "60P40".
  • PROBLEM POSED There is an ever greater demand for covers with easy opening, simultaneously presenting greater ease of opening and greater safety in manufacture and use.
  • these requirements are to date largely contradictory insofar as the greatest ease of opening is generally obtained by reduction of the residual, a decrease which results in much less manufacturing safety (greater precision of the tools, lower safety margin), and above all very significant risks of the appearance of cracks at the bottom of the incision or under the incision, which lead to leaks, either directly or by the action of pressure during packaging, typically with sterilization, either, after conditioning, by corrosive action of the conditioned product.
  • FIG. 7 represents in section an incision after crimping and sterilization, having, at the bottom of the incision, characteristic cracks which the present invention proposes if not to eliminate entirely, at least to reduce very strongly.
  • FIG. 7 are also represented crack initiators under the incision.
  • the problem is to find a way to manufacture, reliably and economically, easy-to-open lids with low residuals, the bottom of the incisions not being cracked at the end of manufacture, or after packaging of the product to be packaged, so as to present , despite a low residual, satisfactory resistance to mechanical stress and corrosion.
  • the method of manufacturing an easy-opening metal cover (1) with central panel (3) and crimping edge (4), comprising an incision (2) on the incision strip (6), part of said panel on which said incision is formed, and a ring (8) allowing, by perforation of said incision, said opening, in which said incision (2) is formed by displacement of a punch (13) of alpha angle on said incision strip (6), supported by an anvil (21), of a blank cover, is characterized in that, so as to reduce the risks of appearance of cracks at the bottom of incision or incision, said incision (2) is formed using any means leading to an asymmetrical flow of the compressed metal between said punch (13) and said anvil (21), during said displacement.
  • a first means leading to an asymmetrical flow of the metal is constituted by the use of an asymmetric punch (130) by its geometric configuration, the bisector of the angle alpha making with the direction of said displacement a non-zero gamma angle, as shown in Figure 8.
  • a second means consists of the use of a blank with an incision strip cover (6) making a beta angle different from 0 relative to the horizontal plane, or different from 90 e with respect to the direction of said movement, said anvil (21), not shown in FIGS. 4a to 6b, which may have an inclination phi, as shown in FIG. 10, which may be different from said angle beta.
  • a third means is constituted by the use of an asymmetrical punch by its roughness, one side of the angle alpha of the punch being rougher than the other side, this punch being able to be otherwise symmetrical or not by its geometric profile.
  • a fourth possible means according to the invention consists of the use of an anvil (21) itself comprising a lower relief (210), possibly off-center by at most 500 ⁇ m relative to said punch (13,130), or asymmetrical (211) as illustrated in Figures 10 and 11. These different means can be used alone or in combination.
  • These covers include a central panel (3) on which there is an incision (2) on the incision strip (6) in a horizontal plane, parallel to the mean plane (17) of the panel (3), and a crimping edge ( 4).
  • the central panel is provided with a rivet (7) which fixes a ring (8) whose beak (9) is located above the incision (2) so as to ensure the opening by tilting of the ring .
  • the crimping edge (4) comprises a skirt (5), strongly inclined, connecting to said central panel, possibly by a counter-cup (20).
  • Figures la to le are distinguished by the presence of a counter-bowl (20) in the case of figures la and lb, and by the position of the incision (2) located in the plane of said central panel in the case of Figures la and le, and at the bottom of the bowl (20) in the case of figure lb.
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c show, in axial section similar to that of FIGS. 1a to 1c, portions of the cover with easy opening (1) according to the invention having a sloping incision strip (6).
  • Figures 3a and 3b illustrate the position of the incision (2) on the incision strip (6) forming the bottom of the bowl (20).
  • This strip (6) has a slope of angle beta with respect to the plane (17), corresponding to the horizontal mean plane of said central panel (3).
  • said strip (6) has a slope of an angle + beta, while the angle is -beta in Figure 3b.
  • FIG. 3c illustrates the position of the incision (2) on the incision band (6) forming the periphery of the central area (3), externally limited by the counter-bowl
  • This strip (6) has an angle slope + beta relative to the plane (17).
  • Figures 3d and 3e relate to a partial opening lid of the beverage can.
  • Figure 3d is a top view and Figure 3e is a section along the axis A-A of Figure 3d.
  • the incision strip (6) does not form a closed strip on itself, but has the shape of a horseshoe, the open part of which remains attached to the central panel (3) of the cover.
  • the ring (8) is positioned on the side of this open part, and by tilting forward tears the incision (2) and fold the tongue delimited by said incision (2) towards the inside of the box.
  • FIG. 3f is a top view showing the incision strip (6) in the form of a hatched crown, the incision (2) passing through the center of this strip.
  • Figure 3g is an axial section along the axis BB of Figure 3f, showing that said strip (6) has the shape of a cone portion with an angle at the top equal to 180 e - 2.
  • FIGS. 4a, 5a and 6a are axial partial sections of punches, symmetrical (13) or asymmetrical (130), intended to form incisions (2) according to the invention, the two sides (14a, 14b) of the punch forming a alpha angle and connected by one end (15).
  • Figure 5a shows an intermediate case where the gamma angle is zero.
  • FIG. 7 similar to FIG. 2, represents a micrographic section showing the presence of cracks (12) at the bottom of the incision (10), and incipient cracks under the incision, in the case of incisions according to the art prior.
  • FIG. 8 similar to FIG. 2, represents an incision obtained with an asymmetrical punch with an alpha angle equal to 50 e , and the bisector of which makes a gamma angle equal to 10 ° with the vertical.
  • the delta angle is 35 ° and the rho angle is 15 °.
  • FIG. 9 represents a metallographic section of an incision according to the invention, after anodic oxidation showing the fibers of the metal, that is to say the elongation of the aluminum grains represented by the lines (60).
  • the intersection of the inflection lines (61) relative to the same line (60) deviates from the bisector (62) from the angle alpha, which translates the asymmetrical flow according to the invention.
  • Figure 10 shows in section a sloping anvil (211) surmounted by a symmetrical punch (13).
  • Figure 11 shows in section an anvil having a lower punch (210) off-center with respect to the symmetrical punch (13).
  • the geometric characteristics of said asymmetric punch (130) are defined by the combination of the following conditions: - the angle alpha is between 30 and 70 e , and preferably between 40 and 60 e , - the absolute value of the difference between the angles delta and rho is at least 3 ⁇ .
  • the absolute value of this difference is between 5 and 30 e .
  • said beta angle is generally between 5 e and 45 e , and preferably less than 30 e .
  • Said incision strip (6) with a beta angle slope is formed by stamping a metal strip in a manner known per se during the formation of the cover blank. Given the high precision of the tools for manufacturing the covers, it suffices that said strip has a width of the order of 1 mm to be assured that said incision (2) will always be well positioned on said strip (6) with a slope of 'beta angle.
  • Said punch (13) can also be oriented at a gamma angle relative to said perpendicular direction (19) between two extreme values such that one of these values corresponds to a punch having one of its vertical faces (16a ), as shown in FIG. 4a, the other value corresponding to a punch having the other of its vertical faces (16b), as shown in FIG. 6a.
  • the third asymmetric flow means based on the use of a differential roughness of the punch is made possible by the use of incision tools treated on the surface and of sufficient hardness to maintain said differential roughness during the lifetime. of the incision tool.
  • the fourth asymmetric flow means is based on the use of a particular anvil (21) comprising: - an asymmetrical lower relief (211), typically slope and having a slope of angle phi (see FIG. 10). a lower relief (210) slightly off-center with respect to the upper punch (13) (see FIG. 11). This lower relief (210) could also be more accentuated and constitute a lower punch enabling a double incision to be obtained.
  • a particular anvil (21) comprising: - an asymmetrical lower relief (211), typically slope and having a slope of angle phi (see FIG. 10).
  • a lower relief (210) slightly off-center with respect to the upper punch (13) (see FIG. 11). This lower relief (210) could also be more accentuated and constitute a lower punch enabling a double incision to be obtained.
  • said punch (13) can be a radiated punch, the sides of the punch (14a, 14b) connecting either to each other by the spokes, or with a possible flat end (151) of said punch.
  • Said punch (13) may have a flat end (151) of length generally between 0 and 25 ⁇ m, so as to obtain an incision of width P less than 40 ⁇ m, and preferably between 10 and 30 ⁇ m.
  • said anvil (21) preferably has and in particular when said anvil does not in itself constitute an asymmetrical flow means, a width L close to a theoretical width L 'defined by the intersection of the base of said incision strip with the extensions of the sides (16a , 16b) of the incision (2), and has a thickness e of at least 10 ⁇ m, and preferably less than the thickness E of said incision strip (6) - see FIG. 8.
  • said anvil is positioned opposite said intersection, as illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • Another object of the invention consists of the covers obtained according to the method of the invention.
  • the angle alpha of the incision is between 30 and 70 e ,
  • the thickness of said cover is between 0.12 and 0.30 mm (nominal thickness of the metal strip for cover),
  • the residual thickness at the bottom of the incision is greater than 40 ⁇ m.
  • iron alloys is meant in particular white iron, TFS, and more generally iron alloys with their surface treatments known to a person skilled in the art for their use as a material capable of forming metallic packaging, and in particular covers. .
  • the angle alpha is preferably between 40 e and 60 e and the calculated width P at the bottom of the incision is between 10 and 40 ⁇ m. If an asymmetrical flow incision is made according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 9, it is easy to highlight the asymmetrical flow by considering the inflection lines (61) for the same line of metal (60) under or in the vicinity of the incision (2).
  • the inflection lines are substantially symmetrical with respect to the bisector (62) of the angle alpha.
  • the final cover also has an incision strip (6) making the same beta angle not zero with respect to the mean plane (17) of said central panel (3) considered to be said horizontal plane.
  • Said incision strip (6) can be situated on the periphery of the central panel (3) and the inner skirt (5) of the crimping edge (4), and form an inclined plane between said central panel and said skirt, as illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b.
  • the cover may have a peripheral counter-bowl (18) with a raised edge relative to the central panel (3), said incision strip (6), located between the central panel and the counter-bowl (18), forming a plane. inclined, as illustrated in Figures 3c, 3f and 3g.
  • Said cover may be partially open, for example a cover for a beverage can, cover in which said incision strip (6) forms an inclined plane bordering the part of said panel intended to be opened, as illustrated in FIGS. 3d and 3e.
  • said beta angle is between 5 th and 45 th and preferably between 10 and 30 th .
  • All the covers with easy opening were made from aluminum strip of alloy 5052 (designation according to the Aluminum Association), nominal thickness of 230 ⁇ m, varnished on both sides, and in the corresponding metallurgical state H48 in a strongly hardened state, restored during the opening.
  • Standard easy-opening covers (1) of 73 mm in diameter were manufactured, with a peripheral incision according to FIG. 3a, incision having a profile of the "60P40" type (alpha angle of 60 ° and a calculated value of dish at the bottom 40 ⁇ m incision).
  • the lids obtained were crimped onto boxes which were then sterilized in a standard manner (30 min at 125 ° C).
  • primer and crack are based on the fact that the risk of damage does not appear linear with the length of the cracks and that there is a threshold (2-5 ⁇ m) beyond which there is a high probability. so that the cracking gets worse instead of remaining relatively stable as in the case of crack initiation.
  • Lids similar to those of the first series of tests were produced, but which differ in that the said asymmetrical flow is not obtained by means of an incision strip with a beta angle different from 0, but by the use an asymmetrical punch of type "50P25", as shown in FIG. 8 by the corresponding incision, with:
  • control covers are the same as those of the first series of tests.
  • the residual metallic layer under the incision is particularly sensitive to the action of corrosion due to the ingredients of the packaged products (possible presence of acids and / or salts), and the sensitivity to corrosion increases with the presence of cracks, or the presence of cracks of greater length. According to a qualitative approach, there is therefore a correlation between the damage to the incision, which can be quantified by the presence of cracks and the length of the cracks, and the resistance to corrosion.
  • the improvement in corrosion resistance results in an increase in the life of the packaged products, and in the corresponding reduction in the risks of perforation of the packaging, with all the risks of contamination and soiling associated.
  • the possibility of decreasing, over a wide range of values, the value of the residual thickness of metal makes it possible to modulate and decrease as desired the effort of opening of the lids with easy opening, while the lids of the 'prior art required, for the same resistance to corrosion, a significantly higher residual thickness value, and therefore involved a greater opening force.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Containers Opened By Tearing Frangible Portions (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A method for making an easy-open lid (1) by forming a score between a punch and an anvil. To reduce the likelihood of cracks developing at the bottom of or underneath the score, said score (2) is formed using any means that cause an asymmetrical flow of the metal compressed between the punch (13) and the anvil (21).

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION DE COUVERCLES A OUVERTURE FACILE A INCISION AMELIOREEMETHOD OF MANUFACTURING EASY OPENING LIDS WITH IMPROVED INCISION
DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION
L'invention concerne le domaine des récipients à ouverture facile et plus spécialement les couvercles métalliques à ouverture facile.The invention relates to the field of containers with easy opening and more particularly metal lids with easy opening.
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART
Les couvercles à ouverture facile possèdent une incision généralement périphérique dans le cas de récipients pour produits alimentaires, comme représenté sur les figures la à le, les figures la et lb correspondant à des couvercles à ouverture facile avec contre-cuvette, ou possèdent une incision délimitant une faible portion du panneau du couvercle dans le cas d'un couvercle pour boîte-boisson. Les incisions sont définies par leur profil et l'épaisseur de métal résiduelle sous l'incision qui est appelée aussi le "résiduel".The easy-opening covers have a generally peripheral incision in the case of containers for food products, as shown in FIGS. 1a to 1c, FIGS. 1a and 1b corresponding to easy-opening covers with counter-bowl, or have a delimiting incision a small portion of the lid panel in the case of a lid for a beverage can. The incisions are defined by their profile and the residual metal thickness under the incision which is also called the "residual".
Un profil est défini par l'angle alpha de l'incision et par la largeur calculée P du fond de l'incision. Une incision typique est représentée schématiquement à la figure 2 avec son angle alpha et la largeur P, une incision où l'angle alpha vaut 60° avec une largeur P de 40μm étant désignée symboliquement par "60P40".A profile is defined by the angle alpha of the incision and by the calculated width P of the bottom of the incision. A typical incision is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2 with its angle alpha and the width P, an incision where the angle alpha is 60 ° with a width P of 40 μm being symbolically designated by "60P40".
PROBLEME POSE II y a une demande toujours plus grande pour des couvercles à ouverture facile présentant simultanément une plus grande facilité d'ouverture et une plus grande sécurité de fabrication et d'usage. Mais ces exigences sont à ce jour en grande partie contradictoires dans la mesure où la plus grande facilité d'ouverture est généralement obtenue par diminution du résiduel, diminution qui entraine une sécurité de fabrication bien moindre (précision des outils plus grande, marge de sécurité plus faible), et surtout des risques très importants d'apparition de fissures en fond d'incision ou sous l'incision, qui conduisent à des fuites, soit directemnent, soit par action de la pression pendant le conditionnement, typiquement avec stérilisation, soit, après conditionnement, par action corrosive du produit conditionné.PROBLEM POSED There is an ever greater demand for covers with easy opening, simultaneously presenting greater ease of opening and greater safety in manufacture and use. However, these requirements are to date largely contradictory insofar as the greatest ease of opening is generally obtained by reduction of the residual, a decrease which results in much less manufacturing safety (greater precision of the tools, lower safety margin), and above all very significant risks of the appearance of cracks at the bottom of the incision or under the incision, which lead to leaks, either directly or by the action of pressure during packaging, typically with sterilization, either, after conditioning, by corrosive action of the conditioned product.
En outre, la présence de résiduels faibles et/ou de fissures rend les couvercles plus sensibles aux perforations par chocs lors des manutentions du produit conditionné, et cela depuis le conditionnement du produit jusqu'à son utilisation finale chez le consommateur.In addition, the presence of weak residuals and / or cracks makes the covers more sensitive to impact punctures during handling of the packaged product, and this from the packaging of the product to its final use by the consumer.
La figure 7 représente en coupe une incision après sertisage et stérilisation, présentant, en fond d'incision, des fissures caractéristiques que la présente invention se propose sinon de supprimer en totalité, du moins de réduire très fortement. Sur la figure 7, sont aussi représentées des amorces de fissures sous l'incision.FIG. 7 represents in section an incision after crimping and sterilization, having, at the bottom of the incision, characteristic cracks which the present invention proposes if not to eliminate entirely, at least to reduce very strongly. In Figure 7, are also represented crack initiators under the incision.
Le problème est de trouver un moyen pour fabriquer, de manière fiable et économique, des couvercles à ouverture facile à faible résiduel dont le fond des incisions ne soit pas fissuré en sortie de fabrication, ni après conditionnement du produit à emballer, de manière à présenter, en dépit d'un résiduel faible, une tenue satisfaisante aux sollicitations mécaniques et à la corrosion.The problem is to find a way to manufacture, reliably and economically, easy-to-open lids with low residuals, the bottom of the incisions not being cracked at the end of manufacture, or after packaging of the product to be packaged, so as to present , despite a low residual, satisfactory resistance to mechanical stress and corrosion.
DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTIONDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Selon l'invention, le procédé de fabrication d'un couvercle métallique à ouverture facile (1) avec panneau central (3) et bord à sertir (4), comprenant une incision (2) sur bande d'incision (6), partie dudit panneau sur laquelle est formée ladite incision, et un anneau (8) permettant, par perforation de ladite incision, ladite ouverture, dans lequel ladite incision (2) est formée par déplacement d'un poinçon (13) d'angle alpha sur ladite bande d'incision (6), supportée par une enclume (21), d'une ébauche de couvercle, est caractérisé en ce que, de manière à diminuer les risques d'apparition de fissures en fond d'incision ou sous incision, ladite incision (2) est formée en utilisant tout moyen conduisant à un écoulement dissymétrique du métal comprimé entre ledit poinçon (13) et ladite enclume (21), lors audit déplacement.According to the invention, the method of manufacturing an easy-opening metal cover (1) with central panel (3) and crimping edge (4), comprising an incision (2) on the incision strip (6), part of said panel on which said incision is formed, and a ring (8) allowing, by perforation of said incision, said opening, in which said incision (2) is formed by displacement of a punch (13) of alpha angle on said incision strip (6), supported by an anvil (21), of a blank cover, is characterized in that, so as to reduce the risks of appearance of cracks at the bottom of incision or incision, said incision (2) is formed using any means leading to an asymmetrical flow of the compressed metal between said punch (13) and said anvil (21), during said displacement.
Un premier moyen conduisant à un écoulement dissymétrique du métal est constitué par l'utilisation d'un poinçon asymétrique (130) par sa configuration géométrique, le bissectrice de l'angle alpha faisant avec la direction dudit déplacement un angle gamma non nul, comme représenté à la figure 8.A first means leading to an asymmetrical flow of the metal is constituted by the use of an asymmetric punch (130) by its geometric configuration, the bisector of the angle alpha making with the direction of said displacement a non-zero gamma angle, as shown in Figure 8.
Un second moyen, comme représenté aux figures 4a et 4b, 5a et 5b, 6a et 6b, est constitué par l'utilisation d'une ébauche de couvercle à bande d'incision (6) faisant un angle beta différent de 0 par rapport au plan horizontal, ou différent de 90e par rapport à la direction dudit déplacement, ladite enclume (21), non représentée sur les figures 4a à 6b, pouvant présenter une inclinaison phi, comme représenté à la figure 10, qui peut être différente dudit angle beta.A second means, as shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, 5a and 5b, 6a and 6b, consists of the use of a blank with an incision strip cover (6) making a beta angle different from 0 relative to the horizontal plane, or different from 90 e with respect to the direction of said movement, said anvil (21), not shown in FIGS. 4a to 6b, which may have an inclination phi, as shown in FIG. 10, which may be different from said angle beta.
Un troisième moyen est constitué par l'utilisation d'un poinçon asymétrique par sa rugosité, un côté de l'angle alpha du poinçon étant plus rugueux que l'autre côté, ce poinçon pouvant être par ailleurs symétrique ou non par son profil géométrique.A third means is constituted by the use of an asymmetrical punch by its roughness, one side of the angle alpha of the punch being rougher than the other side, this punch being able to be otherwise symmetrical or not by its geometric profile.
Un quatrième moyen possible selon l'invention est constitué par l'utilisation d'une enclume (21) comprenant elle-même un relief inférieur (210), éventuellement décentré d'au plus 500 μm par rapport audit poinçon (13,130), ou dissymétrique (211) comme illustré aux figures 10 et 11. Ces différents moyens peuvent être utilisés seuls ou en combinaison.A fourth possible means according to the invention consists of the use of an anvil (21) itself comprising a lower relief (210), possibly off-center by at most 500 μm relative to said punch (13,130), or asymmetrical (211) as illustrated in Figures 10 and 11. These different means can be used alone or in combination.
Ils illustrent de manière concrète, et non limitative, le concept d'écoulement dissymétrique selon l'invention, qui permet de résoudre le problème posé.They illustrate in a concrete and non-limiting way, the concept of asymmetrical flow according to the invention, which makes it possible to solve the problem posed.
DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESDESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Les figures la à le représentent, en coupe axiale, différentes formes de couvercles à ouverture facile (1) de l'art antérieur.Figures la to represent, in axial section, different forms of covers with easy opening (1) of the prior art.
Ces couvercles comprennent un panneau central (3) sur lequel se trouve une incision (2) sur bande d'incision (6) dans un plan horizontal, parallèle au plan moyen (17) du panneau (3), et un bord à sertir (4).These covers include a central panel (3) on which there is an incision (2) on the incision strip (6) in a horizontal plane, parallel to the mean plane (17) of the panel (3), and a crimping edge ( 4).
Le panneau central est muni d'un rivet (7) qui fixe un anneau (8) dont le bec (9) est situé au-dessus de l'incision (2) de manière à assurer l'ouverture par basculement de l'anneau. Le bord à sertir (4) comprend une jupe (5), fortement inclinée, se raccordant audit panneau central, éventuellement par une contre-cuvette (20).The central panel is provided with a rivet (7) which fixes a ring (8) whose beak (9) is located above the incision (2) so as to ensure the opening by tilting of the ring . The crimping edge (4) comprises a skirt (5), strongly inclined, connecting to said central panel, possibly by a counter-cup (20).
Les figures la à le se distinguent par la présence d'une contre-cuvette (20) dans le cas des figures la et lb, et par la position de l'incision (2) située dans le plan dudit panneau central dans le cas des figures la et le, et au fond de la cuvette (20) dans le cas de la figure lb.Figures la to le are distinguished by the presence of a counter-bowl (20) in the case of figures la and lb, and by the position of the incision (2) located in the plane of said central panel in the case of Figures la and le, and at the bottom of the bowl (20) in the case of figure lb.
La figure 2 représente en coupe axiale une incision (2). Une incision (2) se définit, pour une épaisseur E de la bande métallique, par un angle alpha, par une largeur calculée P du fond (10) de l'incision, par une valeur R de l'épaisseur résiduelle (11) (appelé aussi "résiduel"). Les côtés de l'incision ont été désignés par 16a et 16b. Les figures 3a, 3b et 3c représentent, en coupe axiale analogue à celle des figures la à le, des portions de couvercle à ouverture facile (1) selon l'invention présentant une bande d'incision (6) en pente.Figure 2 shows in axial section an incision (2). An incision (2) is defined, for a thickness E of the metal strip, by an angle alpha, by a calculated width P of the bottom (10) of the incision, by a value R of the residual thickness (11) ( also called "residual"). The sides of the incision were designated by 16a and 16b. FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c show, in axial section similar to that of FIGS. 1a to 1c, portions of the cover with easy opening (1) according to the invention having a sloping incision strip (6).
Les figures 3a et 3b illustrent la position de l'incision (2) sur la bande d'incision (6) formant le fond de la cuvette (20). Cette bande (6) présente une pente d'angle beta par rapport au plan (17), correspondant au plan moyen horizontal dudit panneau central (3).Figures 3a and 3b illustrate the position of the incision (2) on the incision strip (6) forming the bottom of the bowl (20). This strip (6) has a slope of angle beta with respect to the plane (17), corresponding to the horizontal mean plane of said central panel (3).
Sur la figure 3a, ladite bande (6) présente une pente d'un angle +beta, alors que l'angle est de -beta sur la figure 3b.In Figure 3a, said strip (6) has a slope of an angle + beta, while the angle is -beta in Figure 3b.
La figure 3c illustre la position de l'incision (2) sur la bande d'incision (6) formant la périphérie de la plage centrale (3), limitée extérieurement par la contre-cuvetteFIG. 3c illustrates the position of the incision (2) on the incision band (6) forming the periphery of the central area (3), externally limited by the counter-bowl
(18). Cette bande (6) présente une pente d'angle +beta par rapport au plan (17).(18). This strip (6) has an angle slope + beta relative to the plane (17).
Les figures 3d et 3e sont relatives à un couvercle à ouverture partielle de boîte boisson. La figure 3d est une vue de dessus et la figure 3e est une coupe selon l'axe A-A de la figure 3d. Avec ce type de couvercle, la bande d'incision (6) ne forme pas une bande fermée sur elle-même, mais présente la forme d'un fer à cheval, dont la partie ouverte reste rattachée au panneau central (3) du couvercle. L'anneau (8) est positionné du côté de cette partie ouverte, et en basculant vers l'avant vient déchirer l'incision (2) et rabattre vers l'intérieur de la boîte la languette délimitée par ladite incision (2).Figures 3d and 3e relate to a partial opening lid of the beverage can. Figure 3d is a top view and Figure 3e is a section along the axis A-A of Figure 3d. With this type of cover, the incision strip (6) does not form a closed strip on itself, but has the shape of a horseshoe, the open part of which remains attached to the central panel (3) of the cover. . The ring (8) is positioned on the side of this open part, and by tilting forward tears the incision (2) and fold the tongue delimited by said incision (2) towards the inside of the box.
Les figures 3f et 3g sont relatives au couvercle de la figure 3c. La figure 3f est une vue de dessus montrant la bande d'incision (6) sous forme d'une couronne hachurée, l'incision (2) passant au centre de cette bande. La figure 3g est une coupe axiale selon l'axe B-B de la figure 3f, montrant que ladite bande (6) a la forme d'une portion de cône d'angle au sommet égal à 180e- 2. eta. Les figures 4a, 5a et 6a sont des coupes partielles axiales de poinçons, symétriques (13) ou asymétriques (130), destinés à former des incisions (2) selon l'invention, les deux côtés (14a, 14b) du poinçon formant un angle alpha et se raccordant par une extrémité (15). Les poinçons se déplacent selon la direction verticale (19) pour former les incisions (2) correspondantes représentées aux figures 4b, 5b et 6b. Ces figures montrent les limites de l'inclinaison du poinçon d'un angle gamma par rapport à la verticale: * à la figure 4a, une limite de l'angle gamma est atteinte car le côté 14a du poinçon est vertical,Figures 3f and 3g relate to the cover of Figure 3c. FIG. 3f is a top view showing the incision strip (6) in the form of a hatched crown, the incision (2) passing through the center of this strip. Figure 3g is an axial section along the axis BB of Figure 3f, showing that said strip (6) has the shape of a cone portion with an angle at the top equal to 180 e - 2. eta. FIGS. 4a, 5a and 6a are axial partial sections of punches, symmetrical (13) or asymmetrical (130), intended to form incisions (2) according to the invention, the two sides (14a, 14b) of the punch forming a alpha angle and connected by one end (15). The punches move in the vertical direction (19) to form the corresponding incisions (2) shown in Figures 4b, 5b and 6b. These figures show the limits of the inclination of the punch by a gamma angle relative to the vertical: * in FIG. 4a, a limit of the gamma angle is reached because the side 14a of the punch is vertical,
* à la figure 6a, l'autre limite de l'angle gamma est atteinte car l'autre côté 14b du poinçon est vertical,* in FIG. 6a, the other limit of the gamma angle is reached because the other side 14b of the punch is vertical,
* la figure 5a représente un cas intermédiaire où l'angle gamma vaut zéro.* Figure 5a shows an intermediate case where the gamma angle is zero.
La figure 7, analogue à la figure 2, représente une coupe micrographique montrant la présence de fissures (12) en fond d'incision (10), et amorces de fissures sous l'incision, dans le cas d'incisions selon l'art antérieur.FIG. 7, similar to FIG. 2, represents a micrographic section showing the presence of cracks (12) at the bottom of the incision (10), and incipient cracks under the incision, in the case of incisions according to the art prior.
La figure 8, analogue à la figure 2, représente une incision obtenue avec un poinçon asymétrique d'angle alpha égal à 50e, et dont la bissectrice fait un angle gamma égal à 10° avec la verticale. L'angle delta vaut 35° et l'angle rho vaut 15°.FIG. 8, similar to FIG. 2, represents an incision obtained with an asymmetrical punch with an alpha angle equal to 50 e , and the bisector of which makes a gamma angle equal to 10 ° with the vertical. The delta angle is 35 ° and the rho angle is 15 °.
Sur cette figure est portée l'intersection L' de la base de ladite bande d'incision (6) avec les prolongements des côtés (16a,16b) de l'incision (2), et, en regard, l'enclume de longueur L et d'épaisseur e. La figure 9 représente une coupe métallographique d'une incision selon l'invention, après oxydation anodique mettant en évidence lesfibres du métal, c'est à dire l'allongement des grains d'aluminium représentés par les lignes (60). L'intersection des droites d'inflexion (61) relatives à une même ligne (60) s'écarte de la bissectrice (62) de l'angle alpha, ce qui traduit l'écoulement dissymétrique selon l'invention. La figure 10 représente en coupe une enclume pentée (211) surmontée d'un poinçon symétrique (13).In this figure is shown the intersection L 'of the base of said incision strip (6) with the extensions of the sides (16a, 16b) of the incision (2), and, opposite, the length of the anvil L and thickness e. FIG. 9 represents a metallographic section of an incision according to the invention, after anodic oxidation showing the fibers of the metal, that is to say the elongation of the aluminum grains represented by the lines (60). The intersection of the inflection lines (61) relative to the same line (60) deviates from the bisector (62) from the angle alpha, which translates the asymmetrical flow according to the invention. Figure 10 shows in section a sloping anvil (211) surmounted by a symmetrical punch (13).
La figure 11 représente en coupe une enclume ayant un poinçon inférieur (210) décentré par rapport au poinçon symétrique (13).Figure 11 shows in section an anvil having a lower punch (210) off-center with respect to the symmetrical punch (13).
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Lorsque ledit écoulement dissymétrique est réalisé par utilisation d'un poinçon asymétrique (130) par sa configuration géométrique, configuration définie par l'angle alpha du poinçon et par les deux angles delta et rho, résultant du partage de l'angle alpha par la direction dudit déplacement du poinçon (alpha = delta + rho), les caractéristiques géométriques dudit poinçon asymétrique (130) sont définies par la combinaison de conditions suivantes : - l'angle alpha est compris entre 30 et 70e, et de préférence entre entre 40 et 60e, - la valeur absolue de la différence entre les angles delta et rho est d'au moins 3β.When said asymmetrical flow is achieved by using an asymmetric punch (130) by its geometric configuration, configuration defined by the angle alpha of the punch and by the two angles delta and rho, resulting from the division of the angle alpha by the direction of said displacement of the punch (alpha = delta + rho), the geometric characteristics of said asymmetric punch (130) are defined by the combination of the following conditions: - the angle alpha is between 30 and 70 e , and preferably between 40 and 60 e , - the absolute value of the difference between the angles delta and rho is at least 3 β .
De préférence, la valeur absolue de cette différence est comprise entre 5 et 30e.Preferably, the absolute value of this difference is between 5 and 30 e .
Dans le cas du second moyen d'écoulement dissymétrique obtenu grâce à une bande d'incision (6) faisant un angle beta différent de zéro, ledit angle beta est généralement compris entre 5e et 45e, et de préférence inférieure à 30e. Ladite bande d'incision (6) en pente d'angle beta est formée par emboutissage de bande de métal de manière connue en soi lors de la formation de l'ébauche de couvercle. Compte tenu de la grande précision des outillages de fabrication des couvercles, il suffit que ladite bande ait une largeur de l'ordre de 1 mm pour être assuré que ladite incision (2) sera toujours bien positionnée sur ladite bande (6) en pente d'angle beta. Ledit poinçon (13) peut en outre être orienté selon un angle gamma par rapport à ladite direction perpendiculaire (19) compris entre deux valeurs extrêmes telles que l'une de ces valeurs correspond à un poinçon ayant l'une de ses faces verticale (16a), comme représenté à la figure 4a, l'autre valeur correpondant à un poinçon ayant l'autre de ses faces (16b) verticale, comme représenté à la figure 6a.In the case of the second asymmetrical flow means obtained by means of an incision band (6) making a beta angle different from zero, said beta angle is generally between 5 e and 45 e , and preferably less than 30 e . Said incision strip (6) with a beta angle slope is formed by stamping a metal strip in a manner known per se during the formation of the cover blank. Given the high precision of the tools for manufacturing the covers, it suffices that said strip has a width of the order of 1 mm to be assured that said incision (2) will always be well positioned on said strip (6) with a slope of 'beta angle. Said punch (13) can also be oriented at a gamma angle relative to said perpendicular direction (19) between two extreme values such that one of these values corresponds to a punch having one of its vertical faces (16a ), as shown in FIG. 4a, the other value corresponding to a punch having the other of its vertical faces (16b), as shown in FIG. 6a.
Le troisième moyen d'écoulement dissymétrique basé sur l'utilisation d'une rugosité différentielle du poinçon, est rendu possible par l'emploi d'outils d'incision traités en surface et de dureté suffisante pour conserver ladite rugosité différentielle durant la durée de vie de l'outil d'incision.The third asymmetric flow means based on the use of a differential roughness of the punch, is made possible by the use of incision tools treated on the surface and of sufficient hardness to maintain said differential roughness during the lifetime. of the incision tool.
Le quatrième moyen d'écoulement dissymétrique est basé sur l'utilisation d'une enclume (21) particulière comportant : - un relief inférieur dissymétrique (211), typiquement pente et présentant une pente d'angle phi (voir figure 10). -un relief inférieur (210) légèrement décentré par rapport au poinçon (13) supérieur (voir figure 11). Ce relief inférieur (210) pourrait être aussi plus accentué et constituer un poinçon inférieur permettant d'obtenir une incision double.The fourth asymmetric flow means is based on the use of a particular anvil (21) comprising: - an asymmetrical lower relief (211), typically slope and having a slope of angle phi (see FIG. 10). a lower relief (210) slightly off-center with respect to the upper punch (13) (see FIG. 11). This lower relief (210) could also be more accentuated and constitute a lower punch enabling a double incision to be obtained.
Quels que soient les moyens d'écoulement dissymétriques retenus, ledit poinçon (13) peut être un poinçon rayonné, les côtés du poinçon (14a, 14b) se raccordant soit entre eux par les rayons, soit avec une éventuelle extrémité plate (151) dudit poinçon.Whatever the asymmetrical flow means selected, said punch (13) can be a radiated punch, the sides of the punch (14a, 14b) connecting either to each other by the spokes, or with a possible flat end (151) of said punch.
Ledit poinçon (13) peut présenter une extémité plate (151) de de longueurgénéralement comprise entre 0 et 25 μm, de manière à obtenir une incision de largeur P inférieure à 40 μm, et de préférence comprise entre 10 et 30 μm.Said punch (13) may have a flat end (151) of length generally between 0 and 25 μm, so as to obtain an incision of width P less than 40 μm, and preferably between 10 and 30 μm.
Selon l'invention, ladite enclume (21) a, de préférence et notamment quand ladite enclume ne constitue pas en elle-même un moyen d'écoulement dissymétrique, une largeur L voisine d'une largeur théorique L' définie par l'intersection de la base de ladite bande d'incision avec les prolongements des côtés (16a,16b) de l'incision (2), et a une épaisseur e d'au moins 10 μm, et de préférence inférieure à l'épaisseur E de ladite bande d'incision (6) - voir figure 8.According to the invention, said anvil (21) preferably has and in particular when said anvil does not in itself constitute an asymmetrical flow means, a width L close to a theoretical width L 'defined by the intersection of the base of said incision strip with the extensions of the sides (16a , 16b) of the incision (2), and has a thickness e of at least 10 μm, and preferably less than the thickness E of said incision strip (6) - see FIG. 8.
Dans le cas où un poinçon asymétrique est utilisé, il est préférable que ladite enclume soit positionnée en regard de ladite intersection, comme illustré à la figure 8.In the case where an asymmetric punch is used, it is preferable that said anvil is positioned opposite said intersection, as illustrated in FIG. 8.
Un autre objet de l'invention est constitué par les couvercles obtenus selon le procédé de l'invention.Another object of the invention consists of the covers obtained according to the method of the invention.
Dans ces couvercles métalliques à ouverture facile (1) obtenus selon le procédé de l'invention, avec panneau central (3) et bord à sertir (4), comprenant une incision (2) sur bande d'incision (6), partie dudit panneau sur laquelle est formée ladite incision, et un anneau (8) permettant la perforation de ladite incision et ladite ouverture, - le matériau constituant ledit couvercle est choisi parmi l'acier et alliages à base de fer, l'aluminium et alliages d'aluminium,In these easy-opening metal covers (1) obtained according to the method of the invention, with central panel (3) and crimping edge (4), comprising an incision (2) on the incision strip (6), part of said panel on which said incision is formed, and a ring (8) allowing the perforation of said incision and said opening, - the material constituting said cover is chosen from steel and iron-based alloys, aluminum and alloys of aluminum,
- l'angle alpha de l'incision est compris entre 30 et 70e,- the angle alpha of the incision is between 30 and 70 e ,
- l'épaisseur dudit couvercle est comprise entre 0,12 et 0,30 mm (épaisseur nominale de la bande métallique pour couvercle),the thickness of said cover is between 0.12 and 0.30 mm (nominal thickness of the metal strip for cover),
- et l'épaisseur résiduelle en fond d'incision est supérieure à 40 μm.- and the residual thickness at the bottom of the incision is greater than 40 μm.
Par alliages de fer, on entend notamment le fer blanc, le TFS, et plus généralement les alliages de fer avec leurs traitements de surface connus de l'homme du métier pour leur utilisation comme matériau apte à former des emballages métalliques, et notamment des couvercles.By iron alloys is meant in particular white iron, TFS, and more generally iron alloys with their surface treatments known to a person skilled in the art for their use as a material capable of forming metallic packaging, and in particular covers. .
L'angle alpha est de préférence compris entre 40e et 60e et la largeur calculée P à fond d'incision est comprise entre 10 et 40 μm. Si l'on fait une coupe d'incision à écoulement dissymétrique selon l'invention, comme représentée à la figure 9, il est facile de mettre en évidence l'écoulement dissymétrique en considérant les droites d'inflexion (61) pour une même ligne de métal (60) sous ou au voisinage de l'incision (2).The angle alpha is preferably between 40 e and 60 e and the calculated width P at the bottom of the incision is between 10 and 40 μm. If an asymmetrical flow incision is made according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 9, it is easy to highlight the asymmetrical flow by considering the inflection lines (61) for the same line of metal (60) under or in the vicinity of the incision (2).
Dans le cas d'un écoulement symétrique avec une incision traditionnelle, les droites d'inflexion sont sensiblement symétriques par rapport à la bissectrice (62) de l'angle alpha.In the case of a symmetrical flow with a traditional incision, the inflection lines are substantially symmetrical with respect to the bisector (62) of the angle alpha.
Dans le cas où ledit écoulement dissymétrique est obtenu par l'utilisation d'une ébauche de couvercle à bande d'incision faisant un angle beta différent de 0 par rapport au plan horizontal, le couvercle final présente aussi une bande d'incision (6) faisant un même angle beta non nul par rapport au plan moyen (17) dudit panneau central (3) considéré comme ledit plan horizontal.In the case where said asymmetrical flow is obtained by the use of a blank with an incision strip cover making a beta angle different from 0 with respect to the horizontal plane, the final cover also has an incision strip (6) making the same beta angle not zero with respect to the mean plane (17) of said central panel (3) considered to be said horizontal plane.
Ladite bande d'incision (6) peut être située à la périphérie du panneau central (3) et de la jupe intérieure (5) du bord à sertir (4), et former un plan incliné entre ledit panneau central et ladite jupe, comme illustré aux figures 3a et3b.Said incision strip (6) can be situated on the periphery of the central panel (3) and the inner skirt (5) of the crimping edge (4), and form an inclined plane between said central panel and said skirt, as illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b.
Le couvercle peut présenter une contre-cuvette périphérique (18) à bord surélevé par rapport au panneau central (3), ladite bande d'incision (6), située entre le panneau central et la contre-cuvette (18), formant un plan incliné, comme illustré aux figures 3c, 3f et 3g.The cover may have a peripheral counter-bowl (18) with a raised edge relative to the central panel (3), said incision strip (6), located between the central panel and the counter-bowl (18), forming a plane. inclined, as illustrated in Figures 3c, 3f and 3g.
Ledit couvercle peut être à ouverture partielle, par exemple un couvercle pour boîte boisson, couvercle dans lequel ladite bande d'incision (6) forme un plan incliné bordant la partie dudit panneau destinée à être ouverte, comme illustré aux figures 3d et 3e. Dans tous ces couvercles, ledit angle beta est compris entre 5e et 45e et préférence compris entre 10 et 30e. EXEMPLES DE REALISATIONSaid cover may be partially open, for example a cover for a beverage can, cover in which said incision strip (6) forms an inclined plane bordering the part of said panel intended to be opened, as illustrated in FIGS. 3d and 3e. In all these covers, said beta angle is between 5 th and 45 th and preferably between 10 and 30 th . EXAMPLES OF REALIZATION
Tous les couvercles à ouverture facile ont été fabriqués à partir de bande d'aluminium en alliage 5052 (désignation selon l'Aluminum Association), d'épaisseur nominale de 230 μm, vernie sur ses deux faces, et à l'état métallurgique H48 correspondant à un état fortement écroui, restauré lors du vernissage.All the covers with easy opening were made from aluminum strip of alloy 5052 (designation according to the Aluminum Association), nominal thickness of 230 μm, varnished on both sides, and in the corresponding metallurgical state H48 in a strongly hardened state, restored during the opening.
On a fabriqué des couvercles standard à ouverture facile (1) de 73 mm de diamètre, avec une incision périphérique selon la figure 3a, incision ayant un profil de type "60P40" (angle alpha de 60° et une valeur calculée de plat en fond d'incision de 40 μm).Standard easy-opening covers (1) of 73 mm in diameter were manufactured, with a peripheral incision according to FIG. 3a, incision having a profile of the "60P40" type (alpha angle of 60 ° and a calculated value of dish at the bottom 40 μm incision).
Le poinçon faisait donc un angle alpha de 60e, sa bissectrice était orientée selon la verticale (angle gamma «= 0).The punch therefore made an alpha angle of 60 e , its bisector was oriented vertically (gamma angle "= 0).
Première série d'essais :First series of tests:
Les essais ont consisté à faire varier l'épaisseur résiduelleThe tests consisted in varying the residual thickness
R d'une part (résiduel de 50 μm / 60 μm / 70μm / 95 μm), et à faire varier la pente beta de la bande d'incision (6) de l'ébauche de couvercle à inciser.R on the one hand (residual 50 μm / 60 μm / 70 μm / 95 μm), and to vary the beta slope of the incision strip (6) of the blank cover to be incised.
Les résultats de deux essais comparatifs, parmi les différents essais réalisés, sont décrits en détail ci-après, avec: * un angle beta de 0° selon l'état de la technique, * un angle beta de 15e selon l'invention.The results of two comparative tests, among the various tests carried out, are described in detail below, with: * a beta angle of 0 ° according to the state of the art, * a beta angle of 15 th according to the invention.
Pour chaque couple de valeurs de R et d'angle beta de la bande d'incision (6), 200 couvercles à ouverture facile ont été fabriqués.For each pair of R values and beta angle of the incision band (6), 200 easy-opening covers were manufactured.
Les couvercles obtenus ont été sertis sur des boîtes qui ont été ensuite stérilisées de manière standard (30 min à 125°C). Des coupes métallographiques ont été réalisées sur les couvercles tels que fabriqués, sur les couvercles après sertissage et sur les couvercles après stérilisation, de manière à pouvoir réaliser des observations au microscope optique par réflexion et évaluer la présence et l'importance de fissures en fond d'incision et sous l'incision. Cotation des fissures par leur fréquence et leur longueur: a) présence de fissures : Oui = plus de 1 cas sur 10The lids obtained were crimped onto boxes which were then sterilized in a standard manner (30 min at 125 ° C). Metallographic sections were made on the covers as manufactured, on the covers after crimping and on the covers after sterilization, so as to be able to carry out observations under the optical microscope by reflection and assess the presence and extent of cracks at the bottom of the cover. incision and under the incision. Rating of cracks by their frequency and length: a) presence of cracks: Yes = more than 1 in 10 cases
Rares - de 1 cas sur 10 à 1 sur 100 Non - moins de 1 cas sur 100 b) longueur des fissures: < 2 um-5μm (amorces) fissures au-delà de 5 μmRare - from 1 in 10 to 1 in 100 No - less than 1 in 100 b) length of cracks: <2 um-5μm (primers) cracks beyond 5 μm
La distinction entre amorce et fissure repose sur le fait que le risque d'endommagement n'apparaît pas linéaire avec la longueur des fissures et qu'il y a un seuil (2-5 μm) au-delà duquel il y a une grande probabilité pour que la fissuration s'aggrave au lieu de rester relativement stable comme dans le cas d'amorces de fissures.The distinction between primer and crack is based on the fact that the risk of damage does not appear linear with the length of the cracks and that there is a threshold (2-5 μm) beyond which there is a high probability. so that the cracking gets worse instead of remaining relatively stable as in the case of crack initiation.
Résultats obtenus sur couvercles tels que fabriqués :Results obtained on covers as manufactured:
PARAMETRES Angle beta 0e(art antPARAMETERS Angle beta 0 e (art ant
Résiduel R 50 μm a) rupture to Le quelques fissures b) < 10 μm 6 600 μμmm aa)) O Ouuii rares b) > 10 μm < 2 μmResidual R 50 μm a) rupture to Le some cracks b) <10 μm 6,600 μμmm aa)) Y Yes rare b)> 10 μm <2 μm
70 μm a) Oui Non b) 2 à 5 μm70 μm a) Yes No b) 2 to 5 μm
95 μm a) Non Non b) -95 μm a) No No b) -
Les résultats obtenus après sertissage et après stérilisation vont dans le même sens avec une tendance à l'augmentation du nombre et/ou de la profondeur des fissures. Par ailleurs, les essais d'ouverture manuelle ont conduit à des résultats (facilité d'ouverture) comparables entre eux pour une même valeur de résiduel R.The results obtained after crimping and after sterilization go in the same direction with a tendency to increase the number and / or the depth of the cracks. Furthermore, the manual opening tests have led to results (ease of opening) which are comparable to each other for the same residual value R.
Ces résultats montrent de manière claire l'influence de l'angle beta sur l'apparition de fissures en fond d'incision. Deuxième série d'essais :These results clearly show the influence of the beta angle on the appearance of cracks at the bottom of the incision. Second series of tests:
On a fabriqué des couvercles analogues à ceux de la première série d'essais, mais qui diffèrent en ce que ledit écoulement dissymétrique n'est pas obtenu grâce à une bande d'incision d'angle beta différent de 0, mais par l'utilisation d'un poinçon asymétrique de type "50P25", comme représenté à la figure 8 par l'incision correspondante, avec :Lids similar to those of the first series of tests were produced, but which differ in that the said asymmetrical flow is not obtained by means of an incision strip with a beta angle different from 0, but by the use an asymmetrical punch of type "50P25", as shown in FIG. 8 by the corresponding incision, with:
- alpha : : 50 - beta 0- alpha:: 50 - beta 0
- gamma : 10- gamma: 10
- delta : 35- delta: 35
- rho 15- rho 15
Résultats obtenus sur couvercles tels que fabriquésResults obtained on covers as manufactured
PARAMETRES Angle gamma 0°(art antérieui ") 0β(invenPARAMETERS Gamma angle 0 ° (prior art ") 0 β (inven
Résiduel R 50 μm a) rupture totale rares b) < 5 μmResidual R 50 μm a) total rupture rare b) <5 μm
60 μm a) Oui Rares b) > 10 μm < 2 μm60 μm a) Yes Rare b)> 10 μm <2 μm
70 μm a) Oui Non b) 2 à 5 μm -70 μm a) Yes No b) 2 to 5 μm -
95 μm a) Non Non b) - - Les couvercles témoins sont les mêmes que ceux de la première série d'essais.95 μm a) No No b) - - The control covers are the same as those of the first series of tests.
Troisième série d'essais :Third series of tests:
Dans cette série, on a fabriqué des couvercles analogues à ceux de la seconde série d'essais, mais qui diffèrent en ce que ledit écoulement dissymétrique n'est pas obtenu grâce à une bande d'incision d'angle gamma différent de 0, mais par l'utilisation d'une enclume non standard, telle que représentée à la figure 10 et définie par un angle Phi de 10°. Résultats obtenus sur couvercles tels que fabriqués :In this series, covers similar to those of the second series of tests were manufactured, but which differ in that said asymmetrical flow is not obtained by means of an incision band of gamma angle different from 0, but by the use of a non-standard anvil, as shown in Figure 10 and defined by a Phi angle of 10 °. Results obtained on covers as manufactured:
PARAMETRES Enclume Art antérieur Invention Résiduel R 50 μm a) rupture totale rares b) < 10 μmPARAMETERS Anvil Prior art Invention Residual R 50 μm a) total rupture rare b) <10 μm
60 μm a) Oui rares b) > 10 μm < 2 μm60 μm a) Yes rare b)> 10 μm <2 μm
70 μm a) Oui Non b) 2 à 5 μm70 μm a) Yes No b) 2 to 5 μm
95 μm a) Non Non b)95 μm a) No No b)
Les couvercles témoins sont les mêmes que ceux de la première série d'essais.The control covers are the same as those of the first series of tests.
L'ensemble des résultats de ces différentes séries d'essais sont d'une grande importance pratique.All the results of these different series of tests are of great practical importance.
Ils montrent que les couvercles obtenus selon l'invention présentent, en fin de stérilisation, des incisions peu ou pas endommagées par des fissures ou amorces de fissures, que ce soit en fond d'incision ou sous l'incision. Ces couvercles présentent donc de ce fait une tenue aux sollicitations mécaniques, typiquement une tenue aux chocs, nettement supérieure à celle des couvercles de l'art antérieur, ce qui se traduit, dans le cas de boîtes de conserve stockées habituellement en palettes de grande hauteur, par une forte diminution des risques, car il suffirait d'une seule boîte perforée pour contaminer tout ou partie d'une palette stockée sous film plastique pendant une durée plus ou moins longue.They show that the covers obtained according to the invention have, at the end of sterilization, incisions which are little or not damaged by cracks or the initiation of cracks, whether at the bottom of the incision or under the incision. These lids therefore therefore have a resistance to mechanical stress, typically an impact resistance, clearly superior to that of the lids of the prior art, which results, in the case of cans usually stored in very high pallets. , by a strong reduction of risks, because it would be enough of a single perforated box to contaminate all or part of a pallet stored under plastic film for a more or less long duration.
En outre, selon les études de tenue à la corrosion menées par la demanderesse, la couche métallique résiduelle sous 1'incision est particulièrement sensible à l'action de la corrosion due aux ingrédients des produits conditionnés (présence éventuelle d'acides et/ou de sels), et la sensibilité à la corrosion augmente avec la présence de fissures, ou la présence de fissures de plus grande longueur. Selon une approche qualitative, il y a donc une corrélation entre l'endommagement de l'incision, que l'on peut quantifier par la présence de fissures et la longueur des fissures, et la tenue à la corrosion.In addition, according to the corrosion resistance studies carried out by the applicant, the residual metallic layer under the incision is particularly sensitive to the action of corrosion due to the ingredients of the packaged products (possible presence of acids and / or salts), and the sensitivity to corrosion increases with the presence of cracks, or the presence of cracks of greater length. According to a qualitative approach, there is therefore a correlation between the damage to the incision, which can be quantified by the presence of cracks and the length of the cracks, and the resistance to corrosion.
Les conséquences positives de la forte diminution des fissures en fond d'incision ou sous l'incision avec les couvercles selon l'invention sont de plusieurs ordres: * d'une part, pour le fabricant de couvercles, il est important de disposer d'une plage de sécurité en ce qui concerne la valeur de l'épaisseur résiduelle de métal. Dans le cas présent, pratiquement toutes les valeurs testées pour R, de 50 à 95 μm conviennent. En effet, une fabrication est d'autant plus coûteuse en outillage, en contrôle et en rebuts qu'elle doit satisfaire à une plage étroite de valeurs pour un paramètre donné tel que l'épaisseur résiduelle de métal. Par ailleurs, l'amélioration de la tenue à la corrosion peut aussi permettre une diminution de l'épaisseur de la couche de vernis intérieur. * d'autre part, l'amélioration de la tenue à la corrosion se traduit par une augmentation de la durée de vie des produits conditionnés, et par la diminution corrélative des risques de perforation des emballages, avec tous les risques de contamination et de salissures associés. * enfin, la possibilité de diminuer, dans une large plage de valeurs, la valeur de l'épaisseur résiduelle de métal permet de moduler et de diminuer comme souhaité l'effort d'ouverture des couvercles à ouverture facile, alors que les couvercles de l'art antérieur nécessitaient, pour une même tenue à la corrosion, une valeur d'épaisseur résiduelle nettement supérieure, et donc impliquaient un effort d'ouverture supérieur.The positive consequences of the sharp reduction in cracks at the bottom of the incision or under the incision with the covers according to the invention are of several types: * on the one hand, for the manufacturer of covers, it is important to have a safety range with regard to the value of the residual thickness of metal. In the present case, practically all the values tested for R, from 50 to 95 μm are suitable. Indeed, a manufacturing is all the more expensive in tooling, in control and in scrap as it must satisfy a narrow range of values for a given parameter such as the residual thickness of metal. Furthermore, improving the corrosion resistance can also allow a reduction in the thickness of the interior varnish layer. * on the other hand, the improvement in corrosion resistance results in an increase in the life of the packaged products, and in the corresponding reduction in the risks of perforation of the packaging, with all the risks of contamination and soiling associated. * finally, the possibility of decreasing, over a wide range of values, the value of the residual thickness of metal makes it possible to modulate and decrease as desired the effort of opening of the lids with easy opening, while the lids of the 'prior art required, for the same resistance to corrosion, a significantly higher residual thickness value, and therefore involved a greater opening force.
Ce sont là des avantages importants dans le métier de l'emballage utilisant des couvercles à ouverture facile. These are important advantages in the packaging business using easy-open lids.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Procédé de fabrication de couvercle métallique à ouverture facile (1) avec panneau central (3) et bord à sertir (4), comprenant une incision (2) sur bande d'incision (6), partie dudit panneau sur laquelle est formée ladite incision, et un anneau (8) permettant, par perforation de ladite incision, ladite ouverture, dans lequel ladite incision (2) est formée par déplacement d'un poinçon (13) d'angle alpha sur ladite bande d'incision (6), supportée par une enclume (21), d'une ébauche de couvercle (100), caractérisé en ce que, de manière à diminuer les risques d'apparition de fissures in fond d'incision ou sous incision, ladite incision (2) est formée en utilisant tout moyen conduisant à un écoulement dissymétrique du métal comprimé entre ledit poinçon (13) et ladite enclume (21), lors dudit déplacement.1 - Method for manufacturing an easy-opening metal cover (1) with central panel (3) and crimping edge (4), comprising an incision (2) on an incision strip (6), part of said panel on which is formed said incision, and a ring (8) allowing, by perforation of said incision, said opening, in which said incision (2) is formed by displacement of a punch (13) of alpha angle on said incision strip (6 ), supported by an anvil (21), of a cover blank (100), characterized in that, so as to reduce the risk of cracks appearing at the bottom of the incision or under incision, said incision (2) is formed using any means leading to an asymmetrical flow of the compressed metal between said punch (13) and said anvil (21), during said displacement.
2 - Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel ledit moyen est constitué par l'utilisation d'un poinçon asymétrique (130) par sa configuration géométrique, le bissectrice de l'angle alpha faisant avec la direction dudit déplacement un angle gamma non nul.2 - The method of claim 1 wherein said means is constituted by the use of an asymmetric punch (130) by its geometric configuration, the bisector of the angle alpha making with the direction of said movement a non-zero gamma angle.
3 - Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel ledit moyen est constitué par l'utilisation d'une ébauche de couvercle3 - Method according to claim 1 wherein said means consists of the use of a cover blank
(100) à bande d'incision faisant un angle beta différent de 0 par rapport au plan horizontal, ou différent de 90° par rapport à la direction dudit déplacement, ladite enclume (21) pouvant présenter une inclinaison qui peut être différente de l'angle beta.(100) with an incision band making a beta angle different from 0 relative to the horizontal plane, or different from 90 ° relative to the direction of said movement, said anvil (21) possibly having an inclination which may be different from the beta angle.
4 - Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel ledit moyen est constitué par l'utilisation d'un poinçon asymétrique par sa rugosité, un côté de l'angle alpha du poinçon étant plus rugueux que l'autre côté. 5 - Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel ledit moyen est constitué par l'utilisation d'une enclume (21) comprenant elle-même un relief inférieur (210,211), décentré d'au plus 500 μm par rapport audit poinçon (13), ou dissymétrique.4 - Method according to claim 1 wherein said means is constituted by the use of an asymmetric punch by its roughness, one side of the angle alpha of the punch being rougher than the other side. 5 - Method according to claim 1 wherein said means is constituted by the use of an anvil (21) itself comprising a lower relief (210,211), off-center by at most 500 μm relative to said punch (13), or asymmetrical.
6 - Procédé selon la revendication 2 dans lequel, ladite direction partageant ledit angle alpha dudit poinçon asymétrique en deux angles delta et rho dont la somme est égale à l'angle alpha, les caractéristiques géométrique dudit poinçon asymétrique sont définies par la combinaison de conditions suivantes :6 - The method of claim 2 wherein, said direction sharing said alpha angle of said asymmetric punch into two angles delta and rho whose sum is equal to the angle alpha, the geometric characteristics of said asymmetric punch are defined by the combination of the following conditions :
- l'angle alpha est compris entre 30 et 70e, et de préférence entre entre 40 et 60β,the angle alpha is between 30 and 70 e , and preferably between 40 and 60 β ,
- la valeur absolue de la différence entre les angles delta et rho est d'au moins 3e.- the absolute value of the difference between the angles delta and rho is at least 3 e .
7 - Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 dans lequel ledit poinçon (13) est un poinçon rayonné, les côtés du poinçon (14a, 14b) se raccordant soit entre eux, soit avec une éventuelle extrémité plate (151) dudit poinçon.7 - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein said punch (13) is a radiated punch, the sides of the punch (14a, 14b) connecting either to each other, or with a possible flat end (151) of said punch.
8 - Procédé selon la revendication 7 dans lequel ledit poinçon (13) présente une extémité plate (151) de longueur comprise entre 0 et 25 μm, de manière à obtenir une incision à largeur P inférieure à 40 μm et de préférence comprise entre 10 et 30 μm.8 - The method of claim 7 wherein said punch (13) has a flat end (151) of length between 0 and 25 microns, so as to obtain an incision with a width P less than 40 microns and preferably between 10 and 30 μm.
9 - Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 dans lequel ladite enclume (21) a une longueur L voisine d'une longueur théorique L' définie par l'intersection de la base de ladite bande d'incision avec les prolongements des côtés (16a,16b) de ladite incision, et a une épaisseur e d'au moins9 - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein said anvil (21) has a length L close to a theoretical length L 'defined by the intersection of the base of said incision strip with the extensions of the sides ( 16a, 16b) of said incision, and has a thickness e of at least
10 μm, et de préférence inférieure à l'épaisseur E de ladite bande d'incision (6).10 μm, and preferably less than the thickness E of said incision strip (6).
10 - Couvercle métallique à ouverture facile (1) obtenu selon le procédé de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, avec panneau central (3) et bord à sertir (4), comprenant une incision (2) sur bande d'incision (6), partie dudit panneau sur laquelle est formée ladite incision, et un anneau (8) permettant la perforation de ladite incision et ladite ouverture, dans lequel,10 - Easy opening metal cover (1) obtained according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, with central panel (3) and crimping edge (4), comprising an incision (2) on the incision strip (6), part of said panel on which is formed said incision, and a ring (8) allowing the perforation of said incision and said opening, in which,
* le matériau constituant ledit couvercle est choisi parmi l'acier et alliages à base de fer, l'aluminium et alliages d'aluminium, * l'angle alpha de l'incision est compris entre 30 et 70°,* the material constituting said cover is chosen from steel and iron-based alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, * the angle alpha of the incision is between 30 and 70 °,
* l'épaisseur dudit couvercle est comprise entre 0,12 et 0,30 mm (épaisseur nominale de la bande métallique pour couvercle),* the thickness of said cover is between 0.12 and 0.30 mm (nominal thickness of the metal strip for cover),
* et l'épaisseur résiduelle en fond d'incision est supérieure à 40 μm.* and the residual thickness at the bottom of the incision is greater than 40 μm.
11 - Couvercle selon la revendication 10 dans lequel l'angle alpha est de préférence compris entre 40e et 60e et la largeur calculée P à fond d'incision est comprise entre 10 et 40 μm.11 - Lid according to claim 10 wherein the angle alpha is preferably between 40 e and 60 e and the calculated width P at the bottom of the incision is between 10 and 40 μm.
12 - Couvercle selon une quelconque des revendications 10 et 11, et obtenu selon le procédé de la revendication 3, dans lequel ladite bande d'incision (6) fait un angle beta non nul par rapport au plan moyen (17) dudit panneau central (3) .12 - cover according to any one of claims 10 and 11, and obtained according to the method of claim 3, wherein said incision strip (6) makes a non-zero beta angle relative to the mean plane (17) of said central panel ( 3).
13 - Couvercle selon la revendication 12 dans lequel ladite bande d'incision (6) forme un plan incliné entre ledit panneau central (3) et la jupe intérieure (5) dudit bord à sertir (4)13 - Lid according to claim 12 wherein said incision strip (6) forms an inclined plane between said central panel (3) and the inner skirt (5) of said crimping edge (4)
14 - Couvercle selon la revendication 12 avec une contre- cuvette périphérique (18) dans lequel ladite bande d'incision (6), située entre ledit panneau central (3) et ladite contre- cuvette (18), forme un plan incliné.14 - Lid according to claim 12 with a peripheral counter-cup (18) in which said incision strip (6), located between said central panel (3) and said counter-cup (18), forms an inclined plane.
15 - Couvercle selon la revendication 12, à ouverture partielle, dans lequel ladite bande d'incision (6) forme un plan incliné bordant la partie dudit panneau destinée à être ouverte.15 - Lid according to claim 12, partially open, wherein said incision strip (6) forms a inclined plane bordering the part of said panel intended to be open.
16 - Couvercle selon une quelconque des revendications 12 à 15 dans lequel ledit angle beta est compris entre 5° et 45e, et de préférence inférieur à 30*. 16 - Lid according to any one of claims 12 to 15 wherein said beta angle is between 5 ° and 45 e , and preferably less than 30 *.
EP96913590A 1995-04-14 1996-04-15 Method for making easy-open lids with improved scoring Expired - Lifetime EP0820409B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96913590A EP0820409B1 (en) 1995-04-14 1996-04-15 Method for making easy-open lids with improved scoring

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95420100 1995-04-14
EP95420100A EP0737624B1 (en) 1995-04-14 1995-04-14 Method for the manufacture of an easy open lid having an incision located in a sloping region
EP96913590A EP0820409B1 (en) 1995-04-14 1996-04-15 Method for making easy-open lids with improved scoring
PCT/FR1996/000571 WO1996032334A1 (en) 1995-04-14 1996-04-15 Method for making easy-open lids with improved scoring

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0820409A1 true EP0820409A1 (en) 1998-01-28
EP0820409B1 EP0820409B1 (en) 2000-03-22

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EP95420100A Expired - Lifetime EP0737624B1 (en) 1995-04-14 1995-04-14 Method for the manufacture of an easy open lid having an incision located in a sloping region
EP96913590A Expired - Lifetime EP0820409B1 (en) 1995-04-14 1996-04-15 Method for making easy-open lids with improved scoring

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US (1) US6004089A (en)
EP (2) EP0737624B1 (en)
AU (1) AU5652596A (en)
DE (1) DE69607337T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2144238T3 (en)
HU (1) HU226349B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996032334A1 (en)

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EP1308226A1 (en) * 2001-11-06 2003-05-07 Impress B.V. Easy opening closure, container provided with such closure, and apparatus for producing such closure
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US8939308B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2015-01-27 Crown Packaging Technology, Inc. Full aperture beverage end
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USD653109S1 (en) 2010-10-18 2012-01-31 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Can end
US9714114B2 (en) 2013-11-08 2017-07-25 Crown Packaging Technology, Inc. Full aperture can end
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1996032334A1 (en) 1996-10-17
US6004089A (en) 1999-12-21
DE69607337T2 (en) 2000-08-24
EP0820409B1 (en) 2000-03-22
HUP9802582A2 (en) 1999-02-01
EP0737624A3 (en) 1996-10-30
HU226349B1 (en) 2008-09-29
EP0737624B1 (en) 1999-10-13
HUP9802582A3 (en) 2000-05-29
EP0737624A2 (en) 1996-10-16
AU5652596A (en) 1996-10-30
DE69607337D1 (en) 2000-04-27
ES2144238T3 (en) 2000-06-01

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