EP0820045A2 - Isonisationsrauchmelder - Google Patents
Isonisationsrauchmelder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0820045A2 EP0820045A2 EP97111780A EP97111780A EP0820045A2 EP 0820045 A2 EP0820045 A2 EP 0820045A2 EP 97111780 A EP97111780 A EP 97111780A EP 97111780 A EP97111780 A EP 97111780A EP 0820045 A2 EP0820045 A2 EP 0820045A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ionization
- smoke detector
- electrode
- chamber
- ion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
- G08B17/113—Constructional details
Definitions
- the invention relates to an ionization smoke detector according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Fire detectors or smoke detectors are for automatic detection of fires have been in use for a long time.
- the ionization smoke detector has proven itself most.
- the air ionized by a radioactive preparation in a chamber and generates an ion current by applying a voltage. This Ion current changes when in the air for example Smoke particles enter the chamber.
- a chamber is generally very reliable and free is disposal of the radioactive preparation viewed as increasingly problematic.
- an ionization smoke detector which has at least three electrodes insulated from one another, wherein an outer electrode - in particular cap-like in connection with a carrier plate - a first volume (Measuring chamber) encloses and a middle electrode - in particular also cap-like - a second inner volume (Reference chamber) and the third one underneath Electrode covered.
- an outer electrode in particular cap-like in connection with a carrier plate - a first volume (Measuring chamber) encloses and a middle electrode - in particular also cap-like - a second inner volume (Reference chamber) and the third one underneath Electrode covered.
- facilities are provided that have high field strength concentrations generate parts of the chambers that differ from the prior art with a controllable high voltage are connected, with a regulating effect that in the Chambers dark discharges occur.
- the object of the invention is an ionization smoke detector, that does not contain a radioactive preparation for air ionization, to further educate and develop such that a reliable Differentiation between characteristic fire sizes, disturbance sizes and a technical defect is possible.
- the ionization smoke detector according to the invention it is advantageous that the commonly encountered arrangement with two spatially separate ion sources are no longer necessary is. Because with this known arrangement, the front Protected built-in ion source in the environment Reference chamber probably still ionize air perfectly while the ion source openly exposed to environmental influences in the Ionization chamber for reliable operation Pollution has already stopped.
- the ionization smoke detector designed according to the invention contains an ionizing one powered by electrical energy acting device, in particular the principle of Corona discharge on an ionization electrode, e.g. at a metallic discharge tip, used as an ion source.
- this device produces an inhomogeneous, spatially related ion density. Proportionately achieved ion current emitted by this ionization electrode two more electrodes. These other electrodes are in two from separate chambers so that one further electrode as measuring electrode by convection, Diffusion and other processes of smoke particles laden Indoor air can be reached while the other is more Electrode as reference electrode only of almost particle-free Air is surrounded.
- the chamber with the measuring electrode for example has an annular-cylindrical shape and only towards the outside through a coarse-meshed metal grid from the ambient air is separated.
- this measuring chamber is made of a very close-meshed wire mesh separated from another chamber, in which the reference electrode is located.
- This chamber when Designated reference chamber has no direct connection to Ambient air.
- Both electrodes are with one highly sensitive, for example, transimpedance amplifier connected, the ion currents in the pA range in voltages converted from about a volt.
- the further signal processing is done with inexpensive commercially available analog circuits.
- the division of the ion current from a single one Ionization electrode proportionate to the reference and the Measuring electrode advantageously has the result that a Disruption of ion generation, e.g. through a technical Defective or due to contamination of the ionization electrode also proportionately on the reference and measuring electrodes noticeable.
- the Current on the reference electrode is therefore a measure of that Functionality of ion generation while the current is on the measuring electrode by the influence of the surrounding Smoke particles a measure of the smoke density of the ambient air is.
- This constructive solution according to the invention makes it possible the function of the ion generator check and measure the smoke density. This will influences on the ionization rate in an advantageous manner detects how they e.g. by changing the climate, by causes a defect or aging of the ion source will. The influences can then be controlled by a electrical energy source of the ionization electrode be balanced.
- Ionization rate of the ionization electrode is regulated so that they still breathe the air with minimized energy consumption ionized.
- This regulation opens up two other methods, without reducing the reliability of the smoke detector, reduce its energy consumption.
- the Ion current by modulating the energy supply to the Ionization electrode periodically varies in strength in the simplest case by switching it on and off periodically.
- the geometry of the corona space be designed so that the ionization electrode only ionized a half space. This spatial ionization literally focuses the ion cloud on the measuring or Reference electrode so that relative to the total number generated Air ions more ions are available for measurement. The ion loss near the ionization electrode are therefore reduced by this measure, so that the The effectiveness of the overall system increases.
- the invention is based on the single figure explained in more detail.
- the drawing shows an embodiment of the invention Ionization smoke detector.
- the chamber is cylindrical symmetrical.
- the Ion generation occurs through the corona discharge on one High voltage 17 lying ionization electrode in the form of a gold-plated needle 1 against the ground potential at least slightly conductive housing 2.
- This space is called the corona space 3.
- the discharge system is a basic element of high voltage technology and is called a tip-plate system designated.
- the corona space 3 is through openings 4 with two further chambers, the reference chamber 5 and the measuring chamber 6 connected. The connection is designed so that small ions from the corona room 3 into the reference chamber 5 and into the measuring chamber 6 can diffuse.
- the reference chamber 5 has a close-meshed wire mesh 7 surrounded and therefore not decoupled from the ambient air. Thereby the small ion current in the reference chamber 5 is dependent of various disturbances such as the air pressure, the temperature, gas composition and more.
- a reference electrode 8 is mounted insulated.
- the ion current on this reference electrode 8 is one Measure of the ion generation rate of the ionization electrode 1 im Corona room 3. This measure advantageously serves to regulate the Ionization electrode 1 and thus ensures reliable a constant and from the mentioned disturbance variables independent ion current of the ionization electrode 1.
- this reference current 10 with a setpoint 11 by means a comparator 12 compared.
- a control process provides the Voltage 17 of the downstream high voltage generator 13 so that the desired ionization current flows.
- the measuring chamber 6 surrounds the reference chamber 6 in an annular manner.
- the outer cylinder is made permeable to air by a coarse-mesh wire mesh 9 such that an air exchange between the interior of the chamber and the air surrounding the smoke detector is possible.
- the smoke particles enter the measuring chamber 6 with the air and are electrically charged in the measuring chamber 6 by the known ion accumulation effects.
- An annular measuring electrode 14 is mounted insulated in the measuring chamber 6.
- the current 16 measurable there in the absence of particles ( Quiescent current ") is reduced by the entry of smoke into the measuring chamber 6.
- This current flow 16 which deviates from the quiescent current, on the measuring electrode 14 is therefore a measure of the particle concentration of the flue gas and becomes a fire alarm signal by the signal processing 15 (eg threshold value comparison) processed.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
- Ionisationsrauchmelder mit mindestens zwei voneinander getrennten Kammern (5, 6), von denen mindestens eine als Meßkammer (6) zur Bestimmung der Rauchdichte und mindestens eine weitere als Referenzkammer (5) dient, wobei in jeder Kammer (5, 6) mindestens eine Elektrode (8, 14) ausgebildet ist, welche über eine Energiequelle (13) mit einer ionisierend wirkenden Einrichtung (1,3) verbunden sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die ionisierend wirkende Einrichtung (1,3) derart angeordnet ist, daß die von ihr erzeugten Ionen anteilig in die Meßkammer (6) und in die Referenzkammer (5) gelangen. - Ionisationsrauchmelder nach Anspruch 1,
gekennzeichnet durch
eine geregelte Energiequelle (13) zur Minimierung eines von der ionisierend wirkenden Einrichtung (1,3) abgegebenen Ionenstroms zu den Elektroden (5,6). - Ionisationsrauchmelder nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
gekennzeichnet durch
eine geregelte Energiequelle (13) zur zeitlichen Variation der Anzahl der erzeugten Ionen. - Ionisationsrauchmelder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die ionisierend wirkende Einrichtung derart ausgebildet ist, daß nur ein im wesentlichen halbkugelförmiger Halbraum ionisiert wird. - Ionisationsrauchmelder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die ionisierend wirkende Einrichtung einen Koronaraum (3) mit einer durch eine Hochspannung (13) versorgte Ionisierungselektrode (1) umfaßt, wobei die Referenz- und die Meßkammer (5, 6) mit dem Koronaraum (3) durch Öffnungen (4) in Verbindung stehen. - Ionisationsrauchmelder nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Ionisierungselektrode (1) als vergoldete Nadel ausgebildet ist. - Ionisationsrauchmelder nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Energiequelle zur Aufrechterhaltung des Ionenstroms in der Referenzkammer (5) als abhängig von diesem Ionenstrom geregelter Hochspannungsgenerator (13) ausgebildet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19629079 | 1996-07-18 | ||
DE19629079 | 1996-07-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0820045A2 true EP0820045A2 (de) | 1998-01-21 |
EP0820045A3 EP0820045A3 (de) | 1999-10-13 |
Family
ID=7800228
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97111780A Ceased EP0820045A3 (de) | 1996-07-18 | 1997-07-10 | Isonisationsrauchmelder |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0820045A3 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1005005A2 (de) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-05-31 | Minimax GmbH | Ionisationsrauchmelder |
CN106846710A (zh) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-06-13 | 安徽理工大学 | 一种家用新型智能烟感探测器 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2048817A1 (de) * | 1969-10-29 | 1971-05-06 | Eaton Yale & Towne | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Anzeige von Rauch, Gas oder schnellem Temperatur anstieg |
US3978397A (en) * | 1973-12-06 | 1976-08-31 | National Research Development Corporation | Apparatus for sensing particles |
FR2386873A1 (fr) * | 1977-04-08 | 1978-11-03 | Anvar | Dispositif detecteur d'incendie a ionisation |
DE4402518A1 (de) * | 1994-01-28 | 1995-08-03 | Preussag Ag Minimax | Ionisationsrauchmelder |
-
1997
- 1997-07-10 EP EP97111780A patent/EP0820045A3/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2048817A1 (de) * | 1969-10-29 | 1971-05-06 | Eaton Yale & Towne | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Anzeige von Rauch, Gas oder schnellem Temperatur anstieg |
US3978397A (en) * | 1973-12-06 | 1976-08-31 | National Research Development Corporation | Apparatus for sensing particles |
FR2386873A1 (fr) * | 1977-04-08 | 1978-11-03 | Anvar | Dispositif detecteur d'incendie a ionisation |
DE4402518A1 (de) * | 1994-01-28 | 1995-08-03 | Preussag Ag Minimax | Ionisationsrauchmelder |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1005005A2 (de) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-05-31 | Minimax GmbH | Ionisationsrauchmelder |
DE19854780C2 (de) * | 1998-11-27 | 2001-01-11 | Preussag Ag Minimax | Ionisationsrauchmelder |
EP1005005A3 (de) * | 1998-11-27 | 2001-04-11 | Minimax GmbH | Ionisationsrauchmelder |
CN106846710A (zh) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-06-13 | 安徽理工大学 | 一种家用新型智能烟感探测器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0820045A3 (de) | 1999-10-13 |
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