EP0818274A1 - Surface treatment of aluminium alloys by projection of abrasive powder under pressure - Google Patents
Surface treatment of aluminium alloys by projection of abrasive powder under pressure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0818274A1 EP0818274A1 EP97420112A EP97420112A EP0818274A1 EP 0818274 A1 EP0818274 A1 EP 0818274A1 EP 97420112 A EP97420112 A EP 97420112A EP 97420112 A EP97420112 A EP 97420112A EP 0818274 A1 EP0818274 A1 EP 0818274A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- abrasive powder
- abrasive
- under pressure
- grains
- projection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004429 Calibre Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082150 encore Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- OANVFVBYPNXRLD-UHFFFAOYSA-M propyromazine bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C12=CC=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C2N1C(=O)C(C)[N+]1(C)CCCC1 OANVFVBYPNXRLD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODCWYMIRDDJXKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N simazine Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NCC)=N1 ODCWYMIRDDJXKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for treating aluminum alloy surfaces, such as sheets, bars, tubes, profiles or molded parts or machined, by pressure spraying of an abrasive powder, designated operation usually under the name of sandblasting.
- the abrasive grains must both be tough enough not to not quickly break into finer particles, and yet exhibit a fragile fracture phenomenon to form new sharp and cutting edges.
- the material chosen must therefore have mechanical characteristics which are a compromise between hardness and tenacity, which are in general contradictory.
- the material usually used is ground and sieved electroconducted white corundum. It is this abrasive that is recommended by general treaties on aluminum such as "Aluminum” by the Engineers of the Pechiney Group, Editions Eyrolles, Paris, 1964 (volume 2) or “Aluminum” by Kent Van Horn, American Society of Metals, 1967 (volume 3), or works on surface treatments, such as for example "The surface treatment and finishing of aluminum and its alloys" by S. Wernick and R. Pinner, edited by Robert Draper Ltd, 1964.
- the subject of the invention is a method for treating aluminum or alloy surfaces aluminum by spraying an abrasive powder under pressure, in which uses an fused corundum-zirconia powder as an abrasive powder containing from 20% to 45% by weight of zirconia.
- the invention is based on the finding made by the applicant of an improvement spectacular results obtained when sanding aluminum alloy surfaces by replacing the white corundum with corundum-zirconia, in particular as regards the polishing time and the duration of use of the abrasive powder.
- Corundum-zirconia alloys are obtained by melting a mixture of alumina and zirconia and are known as abrasives, but their use as a material for sandblasting has never been considered.
- the sandblasting operation is carried out under the same conditions as with the use of a corundum powder, i.e. using compressed air at a pressure between 0.05 and 0.2 MPa for alloys wrought in low or medium thickness and from 0.15 to 0.3 MPa for solid parts, such as foundry parts.
- the nozzle of projection is located between 10 and 50 cm from the surface to be treated and is directed approximately perpendicular to this surface.
- the size of the abrasive powder depends on the condition surface area sought. It can range from 20 to 60 (depending on the FEPA designation) for a coarse polishing, from 40 to 80 for a medium grain, from 100 to 200 for a fine grain and beyond 200 for a very fine grain. It is possible, especially for fine grains where the operation gives off a lot of dust, to make a wet sandblasting.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement de surfaces en alliage d'aluminium, telles que des tôles, des barres, des tubes, des profilés ou des pièces moulées ou usinées, par projection sous pression d'une poudre abrasive, opération désignée habituellement sous le nom de sablage.The invention relates to a method for treating aluminum alloy surfaces, such as sheets, bars, tubes, profiles or molded parts or machined, by pressure spraying of an abrasive powder, designated operation usually under the name of sandblasting.
Lorqu'on effectue le sablage d'une surface en alliage d'aluminium, il convient, pour obtenir une action rapide, d'utiliser un abrasif dur dont les grains présentent des arêtes vives; ainsi le mordant du produit permet un arrachement rapide du métal. Pour que l'effet soit durable, les grains d'abrasifs doivent à la fois être assez tenaces pour ne pas se briser rapidement en particules plus fines, et présenter cependant un phénomène de rupture fragile pour former de nouvelles arêtes vives et coupantes. Le matériau choisi doit donc présenter des caractéristiques mécaniques qui soient un compromis entre dureté et tenacité, lesquelles sont en général antinomiques.When sanding an aluminum alloy surface, it is advisable to obtain a fast action, to use a hard abrasive whose grains have edges lively; thus the bite of the product allows rapid removal of the metal. So that the effect is long-lasting, the abrasive grains must both be tough enough not to not quickly break into finer particles, and yet exhibit a fragile fracture phenomenon to form new sharp and cutting edges. The material chosen must therefore have mechanical characteristics which are a compromise between hardness and tenacity, which are in general contradictory.
Le matériau habituellement utilisé est le corindon blanc électrofondu broyé et tamisé. C'est cet abrasif que recommandent les traités généraux sur l'aluminium tels que «L'Aluminium» par les Ingénieurs du Groupe Pechiney, Editions Eyrolles, Paris, 1964 (tome 2) ou «Aluminum» de Kent Van Horn, American Society of Metals, 1967 (tome 3), ou les ouvrages sur les traitements de surface, comme par exemple « The surface treatment and finishing of aluminium and its alloys» de S. Wernick et R. Pinner, édité chez Robert Draper Ltd, 1964.The material usually used is ground and sieved electroconducted white corundum. It is this abrasive that is recommended by general treaties on aluminum such as "Aluminum" by the Engineers of the Pechiney Group, Editions Eyrolles, Paris, 1964 (volume 2) or "Aluminum" by Kent Van Horn, American Society of Metals, 1967 (volume 3), or works on surface treatments, such as for example "The surface treatment and finishing of aluminum and its alloys" by S. Wernick and R. Pinner, edited by Robert Draper Ltd, 1964.
L'invention a pour objet un procédé de traitement de surfaces en aluminium ou alliage d'aluminium par projection d'une poudre abrasive sous pression, dans lequel on utilise comme poudre abrasive une poudre de corindon-zircone électrofondu contenant de 20% à 45% en poids de zircone.The subject of the invention is a method for treating aluminum or alloy surfaces aluminum by spraying an abrasive powder under pressure, in which uses an fused corundum-zirconia powder as an abrasive powder containing from 20% to 45% by weight of zirconia.
L'invention repose sur le constat fait par la demanderesse d'une amélioration spectaculaire des résultats obtenus lors du sablage de surfaces en alliage d'aluminium en substituant au corindon blanc le corindon-zircone, en particulier en ce qui concerne le temps de polissage et la durée d'utilisation de la poudre abrasive.The invention is based on the finding made by the applicant of an improvement spectacular results obtained when sanding aluminum alloy surfaces by replacing the white corundum with corundum-zirconia, in particular as regards the polishing time and the duration of use of the abrasive powder.
Les alliages corindon-zircone sont obtenus par fusion d'un mélange d'alumine et de zircone et sont connus comme abrasifs, mais leur utilisation comme matériau de sablage n'a jamais été envisagée.Corundum-zirconia alloys are obtained by melting a mixture of alumina and zirconia and are known as abrasives, but their use as a material for sandblasting has never been considered.
L'opération de sablage se fait dans les mêmes conditions qu'avec l'utilisation d'une poudre de corindon, c'est à dire à l'aide d'air comprimé à une pression comprise entre 0,05 et 0,2 MPa pour les alliages corroyés en faible ou moyenne épaisseur et de 0,15 à 0,3 MPa pour les pièces massives, telles que les pièces de fonderie. La buse de projection est située entre 10 et 50 cm de la surface à traiter et est dirigée à peu près perpendiculairement à cette surface. Le calibre de la poudre abrasive dépend de l'état de surface recherché. Il peut aller de 20 à 60 (selon la désignation FEPA) pour un polissage grossier, de 40 à 80 pour un grain moyen, de 100 à 200 pour un grain fin et au delà de 200 pour un grain très fin. Il est possible, en particulier pour les grains fins où l'opération dégage beaucoup de poussières, de faire un sablage humide.The sandblasting operation is carried out under the same conditions as with the use of a corundum powder, i.e. using compressed air at a pressure between 0.05 and 0.2 MPa for alloys wrought in low or medium thickness and from 0.15 to 0.3 MPa for solid parts, such as foundry parts. The nozzle of projection is located between 10 and 50 cm from the surface to be treated and is directed approximately perpendicular to this surface. The size of the abrasive powder depends on the condition surface area sought. It can range from 20 to 60 (depending on the FEPA designation) for a coarse polishing, from 40 to 80 for a medium grain, from 100 to 200 for a fine grain and beyond 200 for a very fine grain. It is possible, especially for fine grains where the operation gives off a lot of dust, to make a wet sandblasting.
A partir d'une tôle en alliage d'aluminium 3003 (selon la norme NF-EN 573)
d'épaisseur 4 mm, on a préparé une série de disques de diamétre 300 mm.
On a mesuré les caractéristiques mécaniques des deux types de grains, à savoir:
- la dureté, mesurée par indentation d'un petit diamant sous microscope optique, sur des échantillons enrobés et polis. Il existe une mesure Vickers à partir d'une empreinte pyramidale à base carrée, et une mesure KNOOP à partir d'une empreinte pyramidale à base losange, prenant mieux en compte l'anisotropie.
- la tenacité, c'est à dire la résistance à la fissuration, mesurée par le facteur critique d'intensité de contrainte en déformation plane K1c, exprimé en MPa√m.
- la solidité, qui mesure la tenue des grains sous l'effet d'une contrainte mécanique. Le test de mesure consiste à effectuer un recalibrage des grains au calibre choisi pour la mesure, puis un broyage pendant un temps équivalent à un broyage de 15 mn d'un grain de calibre 16 de même solidité, puis un tamisage pour mesurer le refus.
- hardness, measured by indenting a small diamond under an optical microscope, on coated and polished samples. There is a Vickers measurement from a pyramidal footprint with a square base, and a KNOOP measurement from a pyramidal footprint with a diamond base, taking better account of the anisotropy.
- the toughness, ie the resistance to cracking, measured by the critical stress intensity factor in plane strain K 1c , expressed in MPa√m.
- solidity, which measures the resistance of the grains under the effect of mechanical stress. The measurement test consists in recalibrating the grains to the size chosen for the measurement, then grinding for a time equivalent to a grinding of 15 minutes of a 16-gauge grain of the same strength, then sieving to measure the refusal.
Les résultats de ces 4 mesures sont donnés au tableau suivant:
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9608901 | 1996-07-11 | ||
FR9608901A FR2750909B1 (en) | 1996-07-11 | 1996-07-11 | TREATMENT OF ALUMINUM ALLOY SURFACES BY SPRAYING AN ABRASIVE POWDER UNDER PRESSURE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0818274A1 true EP0818274A1 (en) | 1998-01-14 |
EP0818274B1 EP0818274B1 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
Family
ID=9494115
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97420112A Expired - Lifetime EP0818274B1 (en) | 1996-07-11 | 1997-07-09 | Surface treatment of aluminium alloys by projection of abrasive powder under pressure |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0818274B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE207399T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69707573T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0818274T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2166058T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2750909B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT818274E (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106808372A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-06-09 | 安徽宝恒新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of aluminum alloy surface mechanical processing method |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004007361B4 (en) * | 2003-02-24 | 2005-10-06 | Innovent E.V. | Method for modifying galvanized steel surfaces and black steel surfaces |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2086972A5 (en) * | 1970-04-15 | 1971-12-31 | Pechiney | Abrasive grains by alpha alumina-in alumina zirconia eutectic - matrix |
US4035162A (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1977-07-12 | Corning Glass Works | Fused abrasive grains consisting essentially of corundum, zirconia and R2 O3 |
CH619679A5 (en) * | 1974-05-29 | 1980-10-15 | Treibacher Chemische Werke Ag | Process for producing abrasive materials |
US4405545A (en) * | 1981-01-30 | 1983-09-20 | Societe Francaise D'electrometallurgie Sofrem | Method and apparatus for rapidly solidifying and cooling melted products based on metal oxides by continuous casting |
GB2137651A (en) * | 1983-04-05 | 1984-10-10 | Unicorn Ind Plc | Coated abrasives |
DE3609408A1 (en) * | 1986-03-20 | 1987-09-24 | Georg Norbert Fassel | Process for regenerating wheel rims of motor vehicles |
EP0578453A1 (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-01-12 | Tosoh Corporation | Zirconia based shot media |
EP0595081A1 (en) * | 1992-10-19 | 1994-05-04 | H.C. Starck GmbH & Co. KG | Zirconia-Corundum abrasive grains, process for their production, and use thereof |
DE4303339A1 (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1994-08-11 | Ritter Aluminium Giesserei Gmb | A process for the pretreatment of aluminium castings |
-
1996
- 1996-07-11 FR FR9608901A patent/FR2750909B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-07-09 DK DK97420112T patent/DK0818274T3/en active
- 1997-07-09 AT AT97420112T patent/ATE207399T1/en active
- 1997-07-09 ES ES97420112T patent/ES2166058T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 DE DE69707573T patent/DE69707573T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 PT PT97420112T patent/PT818274E/en unknown
- 1997-07-09 EP EP97420112A patent/EP0818274B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2086972A5 (en) * | 1970-04-15 | 1971-12-31 | Pechiney | Abrasive grains by alpha alumina-in alumina zirconia eutectic - matrix |
US4035162A (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1977-07-12 | Corning Glass Works | Fused abrasive grains consisting essentially of corundum, zirconia and R2 O3 |
CH619679A5 (en) * | 1974-05-29 | 1980-10-15 | Treibacher Chemische Werke Ag | Process for producing abrasive materials |
US4405545A (en) * | 1981-01-30 | 1983-09-20 | Societe Francaise D'electrometallurgie Sofrem | Method and apparatus for rapidly solidifying and cooling melted products based on metal oxides by continuous casting |
GB2137651A (en) * | 1983-04-05 | 1984-10-10 | Unicorn Ind Plc | Coated abrasives |
DE3609408A1 (en) * | 1986-03-20 | 1987-09-24 | Georg Norbert Fassel | Process for regenerating wheel rims of motor vehicles |
EP0578453A1 (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-01-12 | Tosoh Corporation | Zirconia based shot media |
EP0595081A1 (en) * | 1992-10-19 | 1994-05-04 | H.C. Starck GmbH & Co. KG | Zirconia-Corundum abrasive grains, process for their production, and use thereof |
DE4303339A1 (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1994-08-11 | Ritter Aluminium Giesserei Gmb | A process for the pretreatment of aluminium castings |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106808372A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-06-09 | 安徽宝恒新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of aluminum alloy surface mechanical processing method |
CN106808372B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-04-12 | 广州市亿众金属制品有限公司 | A kind of aluminum alloy surface mechanical processing method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2166058T3 (en) | 2002-04-01 |
FR2750909A1 (en) | 1998-01-16 |
DE69707573T2 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
PT818274E (en) | 2002-04-29 |
EP0818274B1 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
DK0818274T3 (en) | 2002-02-18 |
DE69707573D1 (en) | 2001-11-29 |
FR2750909B1 (en) | 1998-10-16 |
ATE207399T1 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
BE1015215A3 (en) | Porous abrasive tool and method of making. | |
FR2463173A1 (en) | PRECISION POLISHING SUSPENSION AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME | |
EP2257509B1 (en) | Melted grains coated with silica | |
US8834588B2 (en) | Polycrystalline AL2O3 bodies based on melted aluminum oxide | |
WO2000012647A1 (en) | Diamond abrasive particles and method for preparing the same | |
EP0703850A1 (en) | Super abrasive grinding wheels | |
EP0818274B1 (en) | Surface treatment of aluminium alloys by projection of abrasive powder under pressure | |
JP2001348271A (en) | Polishing compact and polishing surface plate using the same | |
EP1773732A2 (en) | Abrasive grit with high alumina content grain in particular for application in applied and sintered abrasives for example in scarfing grinders for slabs of steel alloys | |
FR2808521A1 (en) | Abrasive alpha-alumina particles for low- to moderate-pressure grinding include spherical microvoids | |
EP2337655B1 (en) | Abrasive molten grains | |
US6409782B2 (en) | Powder composition and method for polishing stone | |
JP2887228B2 (en) | shot | |
JPS6399177A (en) | Manufacture of grinding wheel of cast iron bonded diamond | |
JPS63278763A (en) | Dressing method for diamond or cbn grindstone | |
US6648933B2 (en) | Powder composition and method for polishing stone | |
FR2469440A1 (en) | Fused alumina-zirconia-titania abrasive grains | |
JPH03131469A (en) | Vibratory barrel polishing method for structural ceramics | |
RU2151046C1 (en) | Paste for manufacturing abrasive tools | |
RU2149747C1 (en) | Mass for abrasive tool making | |
RU2174138C2 (en) | Superfinish polishing diamond paste | |
EP1084998B1 (en) | Ceramic fibers for reinforcing refractory materials | |
SU1480987A1 (en) | Method of soldering carbide tool | |
WO2021070024A1 (en) | Method of modifying a surface of a workpiece | |
FR2487240A1 (en) | GRINDERS CONTAINING SMALL MASSIVE SPHERICAL ABRASIVE PARTICLES |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE DE DK ES GB GR IE IT LU NL PT SE |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: PEM ABRASIFS-REFRACTAIRES |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19980615 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: AT BE DE DK ES GB GR IE IT LU NL PT SE |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE DE DK ES GB GR IE IT LU NL PT SE |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20010403 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE DE DK ES GB GR IE IT LU NL PT SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 207399 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 20011115 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: FRENCH |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69707573 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20011129 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20020214 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2166058 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PT Ref legal event code: SC4A Free format text: AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATION Effective date: 20020115 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GR Ref legal event code: EP Ref document number: 20020400319 Country of ref document: GR |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050709 |
|
PGRI | Patent reinstated in contracting state [announced from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Effective date: 20091201 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20160726 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20160720 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20160721 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20160725 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20160720 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: IE Payment date: 20160722 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20160722 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Payment date: 20160720 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: PT Payment date: 20160704 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20160721 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20160720 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20160715 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20160720 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 69707573 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MK Effective date: 20170708 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EUP Effective date: 20170709 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20170708 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK07 Ref document number: 207399 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20170709 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MK9A |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20170708 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20170709 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20170718 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20180508 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20170710 |