EP0818217A1 - Appareil respiratoire à fonctionnement en circuit fermé - Google Patents
Appareil respiratoire à fonctionnement en circuit fermé Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0818217A1 EP0818217A1 EP97401679A EP97401679A EP0818217A1 EP 0818217 A1 EP0818217 A1 EP 0818217A1 EP 97401679 A EP97401679 A EP 97401679A EP 97401679 A EP97401679 A EP 97401679A EP 0818217 A1 EP0818217 A1 EP 0818217A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gases
- filter
- lung
- cartridge
- false
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
- A62B9/003—Means for influencing the temperature or humidity of the breathing gas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
- A62B7/10—Respiratory apparatus with filter elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a breathing apparatus made of closed circuit.
- Respirators in a closed circuit where the exhaled air is regenerated by an appropriate substance, generally KO 2 (super potassium oxide), are well known and are distinguished from each other by the means used to level the temperature very high of the gases regenerated by the reaction, strongly exothermic, which transforms carbon dioxide into oxygen.
- a device of this type essentially consists of a 4 to 6 liter respiratory bag called "false lung", connected to the respiratory tract via a filter cartridge containing the KO 2 .
- the air contained in the "false lung” is then breathed in a closed circuit (pendulum breathing).
- the gases thus recycled are, on the subject side depleted in oxygen and enriched in CO 2 , while, after passing over the KO 2 , the CO 2 is fixed by a reaction which produces oxygen to replace that consumed by the subject.
- the temperature of the inspired gases is thus reduced at 50-60 ° C, temperature still high enough to require the exclusive use of a mouthpiece, which avoids contact of the gases around the outer periphery of the mouth.
- known devices are equipped with a device for producing a few liters of oxygen for initially fill in the "false lung".
- the publication EP 0 182 581 describes an apparatus pendulum type closed circuit breathing system which includes a respiratory bag constituting a false lung in gas communication with a facial means to be applied to the subject for which the device is intended so that the gases expired by the subject are sent to the false lung and that the inspired gases come from the false lung, this device comprising a filter cartridge capable of eliminating the gas carbon dioxide from exhaled gases and comprising a trap capable of absorb heat from gases from the cartridge filter, the trap and the cartridge being placed in this order in the expired gas path and in order reverse on the path of the inspired gases.
- the present invention relates to an apparatus realizing a simple pendulum circuit compatible with the use of a mask, freed from the above drawbacks.
- an apparatus pendulum type respiratory system operating in closed circuit, comprising a respiratory bag constituting a false lung in gas communication with a room facial to apply to the subject for which the device is intended so that the gases exhaled by the subject are sent to the false lung and that the gases inspired by the subject come from the false lung, this device comprising a filter cartridge capable of removing carbon dioxide from exhaled gases and comprising a trap capable of absorbing heat in the gases coming from the filter cartridge, the trap and the cartridge being placed in this order on the path of the exhaled gases and in reverse order on the path of inspired gases, characterized in that said filter cartridge contains a substance suitable for converting carbon dioxide from exhaled gases to oxygen, in that said trap is a thermal sponge suitable for absorb the heat of gases by capacitive effect from the filter cartridge and able to cool in contact with the exhaled gases passing through it, in that the false lung is provided with an admission means for admitting outside air into the false lung when the pressure in the false lung is less than the pressure and in that the
- thermal sponge cannot work this way that in pendulum regime, the term sponge meaning well that any amount of heat drawn assumes that the previous was evacuated.
- the thermal trap described in prior art can be arranged in a circuit pendulum (fig. 2), it clearly appears that it cannot be a thermal sponge.
- the device works as follows:
- the "false lung” (5) is naturally empty of air and the first inspiration tries to collab the bag (5), which opens the valve (6) and lets in a volume of air ambient corresponding to the volume of inspiration.
- This filter is therefore relatively discreet and can advantageously be consisting of a layer of 4 to 6 millimeters of foam synthetic, porous, impregnated with activated carbon.
- the exhaled gases are depleted in O 2 and enriched in CO 2 .
- the CO 2 reacts with the KO 2 to produce oxygen to replace that consumed by the subject.
- the very exothermic reaction heats the KO 2 , which rises to a temperature of almost 150 ° C.
- the inspired gases exit the KO 2 cartridge at almost 100 ° C, but transfer this heat into the thermal sponge (3), which rises only a few degrees above its temperature. medium, limited to 40-45 ° C. In fact, if the sponge heats up during inspiration, the gases exhaled at 37 ° C cool it during expiration.
- the oxygen supplied by the reaction on the KO 2 is in reality slightly greater than that consumed by the subject.
- the invention does not, however, exclude the possibility insert an exhaust valve, which can be possibly a mechanical means of reopening the valve (6), if the "false lung" takes up a volume exceeding a given value.
- the invention is not limited to this example of production.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- la cartouche filtrante est conçue pour absorber le gaz carbonique sans recyclage de ce gaz ;
- le piège à calories est un échangeur chimique qui ne fonctionne que dans un sens ;
- il est nécessaire de prévoir un apport d'oxygène en permanence.
- ladite substance est ou comprend du super oxyde de potassium.
- le filtre au charbon actif est constitué d'une couche de 4 à 6 millimètres d'une mousse poreuse carbonée.
- l'éponge thermique est constituée de copeaux métalliques compacts formant une couche poreuse de 10 à 20 millimètres.
- le faux poumon est muni d'un moyen d'admission de l'air dans le faux poumon.
- ledit moyen d'admission d'air extérieur est un clapet qui est normalement fermé et qui s'ouvre vers l'intérieur du faux poumon lorsque la pression dans le faux poumon est inférieure à la pression extérieure.
- lequel ladite pièce faciale est un demi-masque.
- un élément filtrant (2) contenant du charbon actif et destiné à éliminer d'éventuels polluants qui auraient pénétré initialement dans le circuit par l'élément (6) décrit ci-dessous.
- un élément (3) dit "éponge thermique" destiné à piéger les calories. Cette "éponge"est avantageusement constituée d'un tampon de copeaux métalliques, présentant une grande surface de contact et une haute capacité thermique. Lorsqu'un gaz chaud traverse l'éponge, un échange thermique s'effectue en rapport avec les capacités thermiques entre le gaz et le métal. Quelques degrés d'élévation de la température de l'éponge suffisent pour absorber près de 80% de la chaleur dans le gaz chaud. A l'expiration, les gaz à 37°C se réchaufferont en sens inverse en traversant l'éponge.
- l'élément (4) est une cartouche filtrante contenant 150 à 200 g de KO2 concassé ou pastillé, ainsi qu'il est connu.
- l'élément (5) est le "faux poumon", sac souple et étanche pouvant contenir 5 à 6 litres d'air.
- l'élément (6) est un clapet s'ouvrant vers l'intérieur du sac, de telle sorte qu'une dépression dans le sac entraíne son ouverture et, par là, une entrée d'air ambiant. Tant que le sac contient du gaz et ne se collabe pas durant les mouvements respiratoires, ce clapet reste fermé.
Claims (6)
- Appareil respiratoire du type pendulaire à fonctionnement en circuit fermé, comprenant un sac respiratoire constituant un faux poumon (5) en communication de gaz avec une pièce faciale (1) à appliquer au sujet auquel l'appareil est destiné en sorte que les gaz expirés par le sujet soient envoyés au faux poumon et que les gaz inspirés par le sujet proviennent du faux poumon, cet appareil comprenant une cartouche filtrante (4) apte à éliminer le gaz carbonique des gaz expirés et comprenant un piège (3) apte à absorber de la chaleur dans les gaz provenant de la cartouche filtrante, le piège et la cartouche étant placés dans cet ordre sur le trajet des gaz expirés et dans l'ordre inverse sur le trajet des gaz inspirés, caractérisé en ce que ladite cartouche filtrante contient une substance apte à transformer en oxygène le gaz carbonique des gaz expirés, en ce que ledit piège est une éponge thermique apte à absorber par effet capacitif de la chaleur des gaz provenant de la cartouche filtrante et apte à se refroidir au contact des gaz expirés qui le traversent, en ce que le faux poumon (5) est muni d'un moyen d'admission (6) pour admettre l'air extérieur dans le faux poumon lorsque la pression dans le faux poumon est inférieure à la pression extérieure, et en ce que l'appareil comprend un filtre à carbone actif (2), ledit filtre (2), l'éponge thermique (3) et la cartouche filtrante (4) étant placés dans cet ordre sur le trajet des gaz expirés et dans l'ordre inverse sur le trajet des gaz inspirés.
- Appareil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite substance est ou comprend du super oxyde de potassium.
- Appareil selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel le filtre (2) au charbon actif est constitué d'une couche de 4 à 6 millimètres d'une mousse poreuse carbonée.
- Appareil selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel l'éponge thermique (3) est constitué de copeaux métalliques compacts formant une couche poreuse de 10 à 20 millimètres.
- Appareil selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel ledit moyen d'admission d'air (6) est un clapet qui est normalement fermé et qui s'ouvre vers l'intérieur du faux poumon lorsque la pression dans le faux poumon est inférieure à la pression extérieure.
- Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite pièce faciale (1) est un demi-masque.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9608671 | 1996-07-11 | ||
FR9608671A FR2750869B1 (fr) | 1996-07-11 | 1996-07-11 | Appareil respiratoire a fonctionnement en circuit ferme |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0818217A1 true EP0818217A1 (fr) | 1998-01-14 |
EP0818217B1 EP0818217B1 (fr) | 2001-11-28 |
Family
ID=9493946
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19970401679 Expired - Lifetime EP0818217B1 (fr) | 1996-07-11 | 1997-07-11 | Appareil respiratoire à fonctionnement en circuit fermé |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0818217B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69708527D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2165571T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2750869B1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107510903A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-26 | 冯婷婷 | 一种具有氧气缓释功能的口罩内芯 |
EP3957369A1 (fr) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-02-23 | Olero IP AB | Masque respiratoire doté d'un filtre |
WO2022078797A1 (fr) | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-21 | Ambu A/S | Réanimateur |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10304216B3 (de) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-10-14 | Msa Auer Gmbh | Atemschutzfilter und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1051054A (fr) * | 1900-01-01 | |||
EP0182581A2 (fr) * | 1984-11-13 | 1986-05-28 | Life Support Engineering Ltd. | Appareil respiratoire en circuit fermé |
EP0182979A2 (fr) * | 1984-11-24 | 1986-06-04 | Drägerwerk Aktiengesellschaft | Dispositif de protection respiratoire comportant la régénération de l'air usé |
EP0356000A2 (fr) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-02-28 | The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. | Appareil respiratoire |
GB2233905A (en) * | 1989-07-19 | 1991-01-23 | Sabre Safety Ltd | Emergency escape breathing apparatus |
-
1996
- 1996-07-11 FR FR9608671A patent/FR2750869B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-07-11 ES ES97401679T patent/ES2165571T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-11 DE DE69708527T patent/DE69708527D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-11 EP EP19970401679 patent/EP0818217B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1051054A (fr) * | 1900-01-01 | |||
EP0182581A2 (fr) * | 1984-11-13 | 1986-05-28 | Life Support Engineering Ltd. | Appareil respiratoire en circuit fermé |
EP0182979A2 (fr) * | 1984-11-24 | 1986-06-04 | Drägerwerk Aktiengesellschaft | Dispositif de protection respiratoire comportant la régénération de l'air usé |
EP0356000A2 (fr) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-02-28 | The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. | Appareil respiratoire |
GB2233905A (en) * | 1989-07-19 | 1991-01-23 | Sabre Safety Ltd | Emergency escape breathing apparatus |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107510903A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-26 | 冯婷婷 | 一种具有氧气缓释功能的口罩内芯 |
EP3957369A1 (fr) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-02-23 | Olero IP AB | Masque respiratoire doté d'un filtre |
WO2022078797A1 (fr) | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-21 | Ambu A/S | Réanimateur |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69708527D1 (de) | 2002-01-10 |
FR2750869B1 (fr) | 1998-11-06 |
ES2165571T3 (es) | 2002-03-16 |
EP0818217B1 (fr) | 2001-11-28 |
FR2750869A1 (fr) | 1998-01-16 |
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