EP0356000A2 - Appareil respiratoire - Google Patents

Appareil respiratoire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0356000A2
EP0356000A2 EP89307413A EP89307413A EP0356000A2 EP 0356000 A2 EP0356000 A2 EP 0356000A2 EP 89307413 A EP89307413 A EP 89307413A EP 89307413 A EP89307413 A EP 89307413A EP 0356000 A2 EP0356000 A2 EP 0356000A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
breathing apparatus
heat sink
wax
solid
individual
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89307413A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0356000A3 (fr
Inventor
Stanley John The British Petroleum Becker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BP PLC
Original Assignee
BP PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB888820385A external-priority patent/GB8820385D0/en
Priority claimed from GB888820386A external-priority patent/GB8820386D0/en
Application filed by BP PLC filed Critical BP PLC
Publication of EP0356000A2 publication Critical patent/EP0356000A2/fr
Publication of EP0356000A3 publication Critical patent/EP0356000A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
    • A62B23/02—Filters for breathing-protection purposes for respirators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
    • A62B17/04—Hoods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/003—Means for influencing the temperature or humidity of the breathing gas

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a breathing apparatus and in particular to a breathing apparatus having a heat sink for cooling breathable gas.
  • Breathing apparatus to protect individuals from the effects of a harmful environment may comprise a filter which removes toxic or harmful substances from air in the harmful environment so that it may be inhaled by the individual.
  • a filter which removes toxic or harmful substances from air in the harmful environment so that it may be inhaled by the individual.
  • a fire related emergency such a filter is required to remove soot and smoke particles as well as toxic or harmful gases such as carbon monoxide.
  • Such breathing apparatus may have the disadvantage that the air inhaled through the filter is hot because of the fire related emergency. Furthermore, if the filter removes the toxic or harmful gases by a reaction which is exothermic, the air is further heated.
  • Breathing apparatus to protect individuals from a harmful environment may comprise a closed-loop or partially-closed-loop breathing system having a filter to remove toxic or harmful gases (for example carbon dioxide), from recirculated breathable gas.
  • This breathable gas may become increasingly hotter as it is recycled, particularly if the filter removes the harmful gases by an exothermic reaction.
  • Heat sinks for cooling breathable gas are known which use liquid/gas, solid/gas and solid/liquid endothermic phase transitions, for example UK patent application number GB 2,122,907 relates to the use of forced evaporation of liquid; UK patent application number GB 2,038,188 relates to the use of solid carbon dioxide or ice and UK patent application number GB 2,151,490 relates to the use of water ice.
  • Such heat sinks have a disadvantage that they may be difficult to store and in particular they may require refrigeration before use.
  • a breathing apparatus comprising means for supplying breathable gas to an individual and a heat sink adapted to remove heat from the breathable gas, the heat sink comprising a material capable of undergoing at least one endothermic solid/solid or solid/liquid phase transition with a phase transition temperature of between 20°C and 100°C.
  • the phase transition temperature is between 40°C and 80°C.
  • a method of protecting an individual from a harmful environment comprising supplying said individual with breathable gas from a breathable gas supply, the gas being cooled by a heat sink comprising a material capable of undergoing at least one endothermic solid/solid or solid/liquid phase transition with a phase transition temperature between 20°C and 100°C, preferably between 40°C and 80°C.
  • the breathable gas supply means may comprise at least one filter capable of removing toxic or harmful gases from air inhaled from the environment or from a closed-loop or partially-closed-loop breathable gas supply.
  • the material may be a polymer, an organic compound, for example camphene, naphthalene or stearic acid or may be a metal alloy, for example Wood's metal (bismuth 50%, lead 25%, tin 12.5% and cadmium 12.5%).
  • the material is a wax and most preferably, the wax has a melting point between 20°C and 100°C.
  • the wax may be an animal, vegetable, or mineral wax and most preferably is a microcrystalline wax.
  • the wax may be a mineral wax as is supplied by Kerax Limited, Chorley, Lancashire with reference number Kerawax 1301.
  • the material may be contained in a heat sink having a tortuous path through which the breathable gas may flow.
  • the material may be contained in a heat sink comprising one or more sealed containers in heat exchange relationship with the breathable gas.
  • the containers may form some of the cells of a honeycomb structure.
  • the containers may be a plurality of interconnected cavities formed between two pressed sheets.
  • the material may be contained in a heat sink comprising a plurality of containers, for example spheres, in heat exchange relationship with filter and/or catalyst material of the breathing apparatus.
  • a protective hood or suit adapted to enclose the head of an individual, comprising breathing apparatus as hereinbefore described.
  • the protective hood or suit may be adapted to enclose all or part of the body of an individual.
  • the protective hood or suit may comprise heat resistant plastics material.
  • Figure 1 shows in schematic cross-section an individual (1) wearing a protective hood, (2).
  • the hood (2) is fabricated from a transparent, heat resistant plastics material (4) and has a neck seal (3) which in use, forms a substantially air-tight seal with the neck of the individual.
  • the hood (2) has a filter pack (5), through which in use, air may be inhaled by the individual.
  • the hood may have more than one filter pack.
  • the filter pack (5) of Figure 1 is shown in elevated cross-section in Figure 2.
  • the pack (5) comprises a layer of flame/heat retardant material (7) on the face of the pack which in use, is adjacent the outside environment (16) of the hood.
  • the filter pack (5) comprises a layer of particulate removing filter (8) and layers (9) (10) (11) of adsorbent and catalyst materials designed in use, to remove or render innocuous toxic or harmful substances in the air from the outside environment of the hood.
  • the filter pack (5) comprises a heat sink (12).
  • the heat sink (12) has a honeycomb structure having some channels (13) through which in use, air (17) inhaled by the individual through the filter pack (5) may pass from the outside environment (16) to the inside (15) of the hood.
  • the cells (19) of the honeycomb surrounding the channels (13) are sealed and contain wax (14) having a high heat capacity, for example as supplied by Kerax Limited, Chorley, Lancashire reference number Kerawax 1301.
  • This wax has a latent heat capacity of about 220 J per gm and undergoes at least one phase transition between about 50°C and 75°C. It is believed that this wax may undergo a solid/solid phase transition as well as a solid/liquid phase transition in this termperature range.
  • the inner face of the filter pack (5) has a layer of flame/heat retardant material (18) adjacent the inside (15) of the hood.
  • the individual (1) pulls the hood (2) over his head such that the neck seal (3) forms a substantially air-tight seal with the neck.
  • the individual (1) inhales air (17), which may be hot due to a fire related emergency, from the outside environment (16) of the hood through the filter pack (5).
  • the filter (8), adsorbants (9) (10) and catalyst (11) remove or render innocuous toxic or harmful substances in the inhaled air by reactions at least some of which are exothermic.
  • the inhaled air (17) passes through the channels (13) in the heat sink (12) and is cooled by heat exchange with the wax (14) in the sealed honeycomb cells (19) around the channels (13) as the wax undergoes at least one phase transition with resultant absorption of heat.
  • at least some exhaled air may pass back through the filter pack (5) so as to cool the heat sink (12).
  • Figures 3 and 4 show how a heat sink (12) such as in Figure 2 was made.
  • Figures 3 shows, in exploded perspective view, two end plates (20), (21) and a honeycomb (22) which when assembled formed the heat sink (12).
  • Figure 4 shows, in cross-section transverse to the cell axes of the honeycomb (22), part of the heat sink (12) as assembled with wax (14).
  • the heat sink was made using two sheets (20), (21) of aluminium foil 16.0 cm by 11.0 cm by 50 micrometres thick.
  • the honeycomb (22) was also of aluminium and had cell walls 0.025 mm thick, with a wall to wall distance of 3.2 mm and a cell lenght of 5 mm. These dimensions where chosen for efficient heat exchange between the air and the wax.
  • one sheet (21) was bonded to the honeycomb (22) using an expoxy adhesive resin which was stable to temperatures up to about 150°C.
  • the required cells were then filled with hot wax, for example as supplied by Kerax Limited Chorley Lancashire reference number Kerawax 1301. Some cells (24) were left empty, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the second sheet (20) was bonded onto the honeycomb (22).
  • the channels (13) through the heat sink were made by perforating the sheets (20), (21) adjacent to the empty cells (24) with a sharp punch of 1 mm diameter. To ensure correct alignment, the first sheet (21) was perforated before the cells were filled with wax and then the second sheet (20) was bonded to the honeycomb.
  • the heat sink was annealed by heating to 80°C then allowing to cool to room temperature over 16 hours. Other cooling rates of 1°C/min, 1°C/min, and 20°C/min may also be used. It is believed that this results in the formation of a microcrystalline structure of the wax with a high latent heat capacity.
  • the resultant heat sink contained about 35g of wax. It is envisaged that a proctective hood as is shown in Figure 1 may have two such heat sinks or one large heat sink having about 100g of wax.
  • the material may be contained in a plurality of interconnected cavities formed between two pressed sheets.
  • a heat sink was made by pressing a regular array of interconnected depressions into two sheets of aluminium which were lacquered on one side and coated with polypropylene on the other. The sheets were then aligned with the depressions cooperating to form interconnected cavities with the polypropylene coating on the inside. The sheets were welded together using the polypropylene. The cavities were filled with wax through the interconnecting passages, the inlets to which were then sealed. Finally holes were punched in the sheets between the cavities to provide passages for air to flow through.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
EP19890307413 1988-08-26 1989-07-20 Appareil respiratoire Withdrawn EP0356000A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB888820385A GB8820385D0 (en) 1988-08-26 1988-08-26 Breathing apparatus
GB888820386A GB8820386D0 (en) 1988-08-26 1988-08-26 Breathing apparatus
GB8820386 1988-08-26
GB8820385 1988-08-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0356000A2 true EP0356000A2 (fr) 1990-02-28
EP0356000A3 EP0356000A3 (fr) 1992-05-20

Family

ID=26294326

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890307413 Withdrawn EP0356000A3 (fr) 1988-08-26 1989-07-20 Appareil respiratoire

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0356000A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0299078A (fr)
KR (1) KR900002811A (fr)
AU (1) AU3890789A (fr)
DK (1) DK395189A (fr)
PT (1) PT91531A (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0818217A1 (fr) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-14 Commeinhes Remco Appareil respiratoire à fonctionnement en circuit fermé
DE10153121C1 (de) * 2001-10-27 2003-05-22 Draeger Safety Ag & Co Kgaa Kühlvorrichtung für Atemgas in einem Atemgerät
WO2003074130A1 (fr) * 2002-03-05 2003-09-12 Ron Reisman Masque de protection respiratoire
US7588029B2 (en) 2000-03-21 2009-09-15 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Humidified gases delivery apparatus
US8550072B2 (en) 2000-03-21 2013-10-08 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Apparatus for delivering humidified gases
EP2969045A4 (fr) * 2013-03-14 2016-11-09 Scott Tech Inc Respirateur avec matériau à changement de phase
US10537755B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2020-01-21 Scott Technologies, Inc. Heat deformable material for face seal
US11007340B2 (en) 2004-08-20 2021-05-18 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Apparatus for measuring properties of gases supplied to a patient

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB173310A (en) * 1920-09-25 1921-12-28 Robert Henry Davis A cooling chamber for use with breathing apparatus
DE879651C (de) * 1938-07-25 1953-06-15 Draegerwerk Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kuehlen von Alkalipatronen in Atemschutzgeraeten mit Kreislauf der Atemluft
DE2114307A1 (de) * 1971-03-24 1972-10-05 Hennecke Gmbh Maschf Formwerkzeug fuer die Herstellung von Kunststoffteilen
FR2320518A1 (fr) * 1975-08-08 1977-03-04 Dornier System Gmbh Appareil respiratoire comprenant un dispositif refrigerateur pour l'air expire
FR2585580A1 (fr) * 1985-07-31 1987-02-06 Nihon Saibohgu Co Ltd Masque a gaz

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB173310A (en) * 1920-09-25 1921-12-28 Robert Henry Davis A cooling chamber for use with breathing apparatus
DE879651C (de) * 1938-07-25 1953-06-15 Draegerwerk Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kuehlen von Alkalipatronen in Atemschutzgeraeten mit Kreislauf der Atemluft
DE2114307A1 (de) * 1971-03-24 1972-10-05 Hennecke Gmbh Maschf Formwerkzeug fuer die Herstellung von Kunststoffteilen
FR2320518A1 (fr) * 1975-08-08 1977-03-04 Dornier System Gmbh Appareil respiratoire comprenant un dispositif refrigerateur pour l'air expire
FR2585580A1 (fr) * 1985-07-31 1987-02-06 Nihon Saibohgu Co Ltd Masque a gaz

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2750869A1 (fr) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-16 Commeinhes Remco Appareil respiratoire a fonctionnement en circuit ferme
EP0818217A1 (fr) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-14 Commeinhes Remco Appareil respiratoire à fonctionnement en circuit fermé
US7588029B2 (en) 2000-03-21 2009-09-15 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Humidified gases delivery apparatus
US8550072B2 (en) 2000-03-21 2013-10-08 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Apparatus for delivering humidified gases
DE10153121C1 (de) * 2001-10-27 2003-05-22 Draeger Safety Ag & Co Kgaa Kühlvorrichtung für Atemgas in einem Atemgerät
WO2003074130A1 (fr) * 2002-03-05 2003-09-12 Ron Reisman Masque de protection respiratoire
US7182081B2 (en) 2002-03-05 2007-02-27 Ron Reisman Protective breathing hood
US11007340B2 (en) 2004-08-20 2021-05-18 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Apparatus for measuring properties of gases supplied to a patient
US11458273B2 (en) 2004-08-20 2022-10-04 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Apparatus for measuring properties of gases supplied to a patient
US11679224B2 (en) 2004-08-20 2023-06-20 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Apparatus for measuring properties of gases supplied to a patient
US11911564B2 (en) 2004-08-20 2024-02-27 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Apparatus for measuring properties of gases supplied to a patient
EP2969045A4 (fr) * 2013-03-14 2016-11-09 Scott Tech Inc Respirateur avec matériau à changement de phase
AU2014236471B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2018-04-05 Scott Technologies, Inc. Respirator with phase change material
US10537755B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2020-01-21 Scott Technologies, Inc. Heat deformable material for face seal
US11273333B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2022-03-15 Scott Technologies, Inc. Respirator with phase change material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK395189A (da) 1990-02-27
PT91531A (pt) 1990-03-08
EP0356000A3 (fr) 1992-05-20
AU3890789A (en) 1990-03-01
KR900002811A (ko) 1990-03-23
DK395189D0 (da) 1989-08-11
JPH0299078A (ja) 1990-04-11

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