EP0811552B1 - Ship's rudder - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a rudder for seagoing vessels consisting of a main rudder and a rudder articulated to it via a pivot pin, by the main rudder positively guided fin, which with a Sliding piston linkage made from a fin formed Slide bearing is provided for a swing piston.

For the linkage of the fin to the main rudder of fin oars for ocean-going ships are the most diverse Solutions have been proposed.

So is according to DE-U-7 829 008 by means of a drive adjustable, multi-part flow body for control known from watercraft. This flow body consists of a main oar and a fin attached to it the main rudder is articulated. Adjust around the fin To be able to, this is provided with a control device, which from an adjacent to the articulation of Main rudder and fin on the top in the longitudinal direction of the Cantilevered support arm extending through the flow body with a longitudinal guide for a slide valve, the vertical end of which faces the main rudder The end of the pin is eccentric in one drive pulley rotatable about its vertical central axis is stored. Because of this configuration, a multi-part flow body with a control device for pivoting the fin-like part of the flow body created in its manufacture should be easy and effortless to use. Due to the small number of mechanical components used is a safe functioning of the control device guaranteed, however, in the event of wear the control and sliding device requires extensive work, because whole construction parts are then exchanged Need to become.

Another ship rudder construction of the one mentioned at the beginning Type for a ship with at least one partially covered with a screw with a auxiliary rudder articulated on the rear edge of the main rudder, which is connected to an operating mechanism the one driving rod that can be moved in a guide bush contains and in an approximately perpendicular to the rudder axis Plane around a pivot point behind it is rotatably connected to the hull is through the DE-A-2 353 934 known. With this ship rudder construction the guide bushing is approximately horizontal and almost parallel to the rudder surface on the auxiliary rudder arranged while the drive rod rotatable on a is arranged behind the rudder axis and is of such a length that the cooperation between the drive rod and the guide bush in the event of a rudder deflection of 90 ° or more still works well. This rudder is essentially designed that a lateral turning of the rudder is then possible is when a trained with this ship rudder construction Ship lies in a lock to during the Do not pass through the drums of the lock gates to be damaged.

The management and storage of the one-sided on the hull mounted drive rod to control the fin by means of the guide bush, which lies horizontally in the upper area of the fin is attached to this and through which the drive rod is passed.

As a plain bearing, the guide bush has in its interior a slide pack on. Is it worn out and must be replaced, extensive work is required because about the sliding packing from the guide bush To be able to take out, either the fin from Main rudder to be removed from the guide bushing to be able to pull off the connecting rod, or the connecting rod must in its articulation area on the hull of this loosened and pulled out of the guide bush. Since the guide bush encloses the sliding packing with the wall is taking out the slide pack not possible from the guide bush up or down, but only by taking the joint apart the slide pack can be exposed.

However, all known solutions have in common that the parts of the linkage that are particularly easy to wear to force the fin only at a high cost and mostly exchanged in underwater work can be.

To one with a hinged main rudder and positively driven fin existing rudder the slide bearing the fin for the one-hinged to the hull Form pivot pin so that an effortless Exchange of wear parts also by untrained Personnel without the aid of lifting tools and without Implementation of underwater work is possible, and in addition, a dependent guidance of the fin from the angular position of the main rudder at exclusive Power transmission in the horizontal too enable is proposed in EP-A-0 051 822 B1, the fork bearing form a fork and on each other facing wall surfaces of his two fork arms interchangeable plastic sliding blocks, in particular Polyamide. Every slide block should be in one recess limited at the bottom and open at the top in the wall surface of each fork arm of the plain bearing held and against unintentional pulling through a closing the upper opening of the recess and releasable cover plate be secured.

In individual cases, such an embodiment an undesirable high edge pressure inside the bearings notice of excessive wear and abrasion and sometimes to loosen the bronze lining leads on the hinge. Vibrations can also occur if they are too large Loosen the hinge retaining bolts in the rudder system, especially if they are not properly attached.

It is an object of the present invention to begin with improve the system in such a way that the said Edge pressure minimized and all parts so together are linked to movements with sufficient degrees of freedom possible are. This should make the bearing surfaces spared and wear minimized accordingly become.

This object is achieved according to the invention in the aforementioned Rudder loosened by the fact that the pivot pin as a piston formed in a plain bearing is trained. This measure gives the rudder or its moving parts to a large extent of degrees of freedom, which ensures that no bearing surface due to the effect of highly stressed edges is charged as necessary.

This configuration enables movements with sufficient Degrees of freedom by using a hinge pin between the two pistons in the housing be obtained so that movements in an angular range of ± 90 ° are possible, whereas the known ones Systems rigidly designed by the specified angle of 90 ° are. Caused by a wall print on the rudder and become bending moments acting on the system through the cylindrical piston design and through the Articulation balanced, so that tilting of the system can no longer occur. Another advantage is there in that after loosening the hinge connection between the two pistons in the longitudinal direction of the piston, i.e. in vertical and horizontal direction from the on the hull and pulled out housings attached to the fin can be. In this way, repairs are effortless and feasible without removing the fin.

Further developments of the invention are in the subclaims described.

Both pistons are preferred, namely the pivoting piston and the piston designed as a pivot pin connected to each other via a hinge pin, the one creates a safe and structurally simple coupling.

Both pistons are preferably made of stainless steel and are Slidably arranged in bronze alloy bushings.

According to a further embodiment of the invention the bronze fill for the cylindrical one Pistons each arranged in a housing shell Rifle. The outer interfaces of the bronze fill can be sealed, the seal preferably consists of a pasty two-component metal, which is also known as "Belzona-R metal". That metal has the quality of known metals after hardening and is basically for sealing joints and as an insulator suitable between black and fret metals.

To protect against sea water or soiled and sandy ones Water is preferably all moving parts protected by O-rings, so that a closed lubrication system arises.

Fig. 1 eine schaubildliche Ansicht eines Hochleistungsruders mit Flosse und mit einer Gleitschwenkkolbenanlenkung,

Fig. 2 eine schematische Ansicht der miteinander verbundenen Gleitkolben,

Fig. 3 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B in Fig.2,

Fig. 4 einen Schnitt A-A durch einen, nämlich den horizontal angeordneten Gleitkolben,

Fig. 5 einen Schnitt C-C gemäß Fig.2 und

Fig. 6 einen Schnitt D-D gemäß Fig.2.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings. Show it

1 is a perspective view of a high-performance rudder with fin and with a sliding swivel piston linkage,

2 shows a schematic view of the interconnected sliding pistons,

3 shows a section along the line BB in FIG. 2,

4 shows a section AA through one, namely the horizontally arranged sliding piston,

5 shows a section CC according to FIG. 2 and

6 shows a section DD according to FIG. 2.

The rudder shown in Fig. 1 consists of a main rudder 20 with a pivotally arranged thereon and positively guided fin 10, which with a sliding pivot piston linkage 100 is provided, which in Fig. 2 to 6 is shown in more detail. This is made up of a horizontally arranged stainless steel piston 11, which in one Bearing housing 12 is slidably disposed, the inner shell is lined with a bronze fill 13. The piston part protruding from the housing is over a Hinge pin 14 with a vertically movable stainless steel piston 15 connected, which in turn in a bearing housing 16 is slidably arranged, also with a bronze fill 17 is lined. The hinge pin 14 ensures that there is also a deviation can be compensated from the 90 ° position. The horizontal bolt is tied to the fin 10 while the vertical piston 15 represents the connection to the ship's hull. As can be seen from Fig. 5, there is bronze filling for the horizontal piston 11 from a socket. The each along the longitudinal axis of the sliding piston 11 and 15 formed upper and lower edge of the bronze fill 13 and 17 can be conical, with the each tapered outer interfaces of the the resulting free space is provided with a seal, in particular from a pasty two-component metal.

The bolt 14 is together with other connecting elements, such as Locking screws etc. to the outside through locking plates covered.

For damping piston shocks, i.e. for vibration and Vibration damping is in the bearing housing 16 for the Piston 15 the end facing the hull formed closed, above the piston 15 a Pad 30 from a gaseous medium, such as air, or formed from a liquid medium such as water (Fig.3).

The pistons and / or sliding surfaces are lubricated with water or grease, causing the sliding ability of moving parts is increased.

Claims (8)

1. A rudder for seagoing vessels comprising a main rudder (20) and a fin (10), forced guided by the main rudder (20) and linked to the main rudder by an articulated pin, which is provided with a sliding piston articulation comprising a sliding bearing on the fin (10) for a swivel piston (11), characterized in that the articulated pin is also configured as a piston (15) configured in a sliding bearing (16, 17).
2. A rudder according to claim 1, characterized in that both pistons (11, 15), namely the swivelling piston (11) and the piston (15) configured as an articulated pin, are connected with each other by a hinge pin (14).
3. A rudder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that both pistons (11, 15) are made of stainless steel and are placed sliding in a filling (13, 17) lined with a bronze alloy,
4. A rudder according to claim 3, characterized in that the bronze filling (13, 17) constituting the sliding bearing is configured for each cylindrically configured piston (11, 15) as a cylindric bush.
5. A rudder according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a sealing, preferably of a paste two-component metal, is provided for at the outer boundary surfaces of the bronze filling (13, 17).
6. A rudder according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that all movable parts are protected by O-rings.
7. A rudder according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the bearing casing (16) for the piston which is fixed to the hull is closed at its end turned to the hull and that a cushion (30) made a gazeous medium or of a liquid medium is configured in the inner space of the bearing casing (16) above the piston (15).
8. A rudder according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pistons and/or the sliding surfaces are water lubricated oder grease lubricated.

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